US 20100212552Al (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0212552 A1 Stratton et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 26, 2010
(54) HIGH SRI SYSTEMS FOR CEMENTITIOUS Publication Classi?cation APPLICATIONS (51) Int. C1. 0090 1/00 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: Stanley G. Stratton, Hiram, GA 0041; 16/00 (2006.01) (US); Phillip J. Arnold, Huntington 0041; 14/00 (2006.01) Beach, CA (US); James K. (52) U.S. c1...... 106/712 Crawford, Atlanta, GA (US); (57) ABSTRACT Pritam S. DhaliWal, Upland, CA High SRI cementitious systems comprising integral concrete (US); Martin Ellis Wild, Marietta, coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and GA (US) other cementitious systems are provided. The high-SRI cementitious systems comprise one or more IR re?ective Correspondence Address: pigments and other components to make-up the cementitious SHELDON MAK ROSE & ANDERSON PC system, depending on the application. The high-SRI cemen 100 Corson Street, Third Floor titious systems of the invention may be in the form of mix PASADENA, CA 91103-3842 (US) tures Which increase the total solar re?ectivity (TSR or albedo) and the Solar Re?ectance Index (SRI) of concrete. The high-SRI cementitious systems may be toppings mixed (21) App1.No.: 12/373,507 With Water for application to existing concrete surfaces, dry shake hardeners for application to freshly-placed plastic con (22) PCT Filed: Jan. 9, 2009 crete, or the IR re?ective pigments may be mixed into inte grally colored concrete in various forms, such as conventional cast-in-place concrete, lightweight concrete, pervious con (86) PCTNo.: PCT/US09/30615 crete and concrete building panels, pavers or masonry units. The topping and dry-shake hardener formulations of the § 371 (0X1), invention may further comprise one or more of cementitious (2), (4) Date: Apr. 28, 2010 binder(s), graded aggregates, super-plasticizers, one or more pigments selected for improving infrared re?ectivity and Related U.S. Application Data color composition, and/ or optionally other additives, such as dry redispersible polymers or ?llers to provide decorative and (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/114,452, LEED compliant, highly durable (sustainable) concrete hard ?led on May 2, 2008. scapes and other decorative concrete. Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 1 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Direct Normal lrradiance, ASTM E 891 Air Mass 1.5
1200
wlmzlmicrcmlrradiance,
Wavelength, urn Figure 1 Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 2 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Conventional Black and IR Reflective Black Speciral Refleciance
100
90
8O
70 —0—Conventi0nal Black iron Oxide WPCM
Q0 60 —D—Convent|0nal. Carbon E?ack WPCM C N 3 50 —A—\R Re?ective Ferro V-775 Biack WPCM E o —N—\R Re?ective Echpse 10202 Back WPCM 8‘ 40 —l—\R Re?ective (Peryiene) Jet E?ackWPCM 30
20
1O
0 0 3000 Wavelength, nm Figure 2A
Conveniional Blacks and IR Reflective Blacks Reflecied Solar Energy, ASTM E 903 and E 891
500.0 450.0 A
400.0 *
§ 350.0 X ‘E x 300.0 in i —0—C0nventiona| Black iron Oxide WPCM 3. 250 o —D—C0nventiona| Carbon BiackWPCM % 1 —n— \R Re?ective Ferro V-775 Black WPCM % 200.0 —I— \R Re?ective Ec?pse 10202 Black WPCM 9; —I— \R Re?ective (Peryiene) Jet Biack WPCM am 150.0 = LU % 100.0 7 k In
50.0 i
0.0 i i 0.0 00 0.5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.5000 3.0 00 '50 0 Wavelength, um
Figure 2B Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 3 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Conventional Reds and IR Reflective Reds Spectral Reflectance
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
g‘Cu 50.00 —<>—Convent|onal. Tlle1 Red GPCM a —D—Conventional Quarry Red GPCM d) % —A— lR Re?ective Ferro V-13810 WPClVl 5 40-00 —X— lR Re?ective Neolor Red 8 WPCM 0
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Wavelength, nm Figure 3A
Conventional Reds and IR Reflective Reds Reflected Solar Energy, ASTM E 903 and E 891
800 0
700.0
600 0
500 0 —°— Conventional Tile Red GPClvl
—D—C0nventional Quarry Red GPCM un'l'1m‘2SolarEnergyReflected,wallsx 400.0 —n— lR Reflective Ferrc V-1381D WPCM
300.0 —I— lR Reflective Neolor Red 5 WPCM
200.0
100.0
1.000 1 .500 2. 000
-100.0 Wavelegth, un1 Figure 3B Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 4 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Conventional Yellows and IR Reflective Yellows Spectral Reflectance
90
—¢—Conventi0nal Iron Oxide Yellow GPCM (Greenish) —D—Conventional Iron Oxide Yellow WPCM %Reflectance —A— IR Rellectlve Yellow Ferro V-9416 WPCM —I—IR Rellectlve Yellow Ferro 10411 WPCM
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Wavelength, nm Figure 4A
Conventional Yellows and IR Reflective Yellows Solar Energy Reflected ASTM E 891 and E 903 900.0
800.0
700.0
600.0
500.0 m‘2um"SolarEnergyReflected,Wattsx —0—C0nventi0naI Iron Oxide Yellow 918 GPCM 400.0 —D—C0nventional Yellow Iron Oxide WPCM —A— IR Rellectlve Ferro V8416 WPCM 3000 —K— IR Rellectlve Yellow Ferro 10411 WPCM
200.0
100.0
1 000 1.500 2 000
7100.0 Wavelength, urn
Figure 4B Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 5 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Conventional Beige and IR Reflective Brown and Beiges Spectral Reflectance
90
—0—Converitiorial Desert Sand Medium Beige GPCM
—D—|R Reflective Ferro 10550 Brown WPCM
—n—lR Reflective Dark Beige Blend WPCM
%Reflectance —X—|R Reflective Medium Beige Blend WPCM
—I— IR Reflective Light Beige Blend WPCM
20
O 500 i000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Wavelength, nm Figure 5A
Conventional Beige and IR Reflective Brown and Beiges, Reflected Solar Energy, ASTM E 891 and E 903
800.0
700.0
600.0
—0—Conventional Desert Sand Med. Beige GPCM m‘2um"SolarEnergyReflected,wattsx 400.0 —D—|R Reflective Ferro 10550 Brown WPCM —A—|R Re?ective Dark Beige Blend WPClVi 300.0 ' —X—|R Rellective Medium Beige Bierid WPCM
200-0 ' +|R Rellective Light Beige Bierid WPCM
100.0 '
0.0 r 0. 00 0 500 l 000 1500 2.000 2 500 3 00
-i 00.0 Wavelength, um
Figure 5 B Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 6 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Conventional Green and IR Reflective Greens Spectral Reflectance
90.00
80.00
70 00 e
60.00
m —o—Conventional Green Chrome Oxide GPClVi E 50.00 ~5- —D—|R Re?ective Grn Ferro V-12600 Camo WPCM 2 g 4000 —A—|R Re?ective Green Ferro Va12650 WPCM °\n —X—|R Reflective Green Eclipse 10241 WPCM 30.00
20.00
10.00
0 00 i i r r r 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Wavelength, rim Flgure 6A
Conventional Green and IR Reflective Greens Reflected Solar Energy, ASTM E 891 and E 903
800.0
700 0
600 0 ‘E :l >< ‘YE 500.0 x —0—Conventional Green Chromium Oxide GPGM 07 g 4000 —D—iR Reflective Green Ferro Came V-12600 WPCM '6 % —n|—iR Reflective Green Ferro V-12650 WPCM % 300.0 a: —X—iR Reflective Green Ferro Eclipse 10241 WPCM 5 2 200.0 a u: E o m 100 0
0 0 '
-100.0 Wavelength, um
Figure 6B Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 7 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Conventional Blue and IR Reflective Blues Spectral Reflectance
90
80
60 * —<>—Conventlonal Blue Shepherd 1DK525 WPCM I) o E 50 —u— IR Reflective Bright Blue Ferro v-9250 WPCM U 2 E 40 —A— IR Reflective Ocean Blue Ferro V8248 WPCM e’ —X— IR Reflective Turquoise Ferro F-5686 WPCM 30
20 e
10
0 r I I r I 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Wavelength, nm F1gure 7A
Conventional Blue and IR Reflective Blues Reflected Solar Energy ASTM E 891 and E 903
800.0
700.0
500.0 *
500.0 *
—<>—Conventlonal Blue Shepherd 10K525 WPCM nf2um"SolarEnergyReflectedWattsx 400.0 g 1 —D— IR Reflective Bright Blue Ferro V-9250 WPCM
300.0 —n— IR Reflective Ocean Blue Ferro V8248 WPCMH
200.0
100.0
0.0 i 0 C00 0500 1 000 1.500 2 000 2.500 3. 00
7100.0 Wavelength, urn Figure 7B Patent Application Publication Aug. 26, 2010 Sheet 8 0f 8 US 2010/0212552 A1
Gray Portland Cement Concrete and IR Grays and White Spectral Reflectance
90.00
80.00
70.00
8 —<>—Gray Portiand Cement Concrete E 50-00 —D— IR Refiective Concrete Gray Color WPCIVI .. 5 + IR Refiective Light Gray WPCIVI A‘; 40700 —N— IR Re?ective Dark Gray WPCM —Il— IR Refiective Bright White Anatase WPCM
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Wavelength, nm Figure 8A
Gray Portland Cement, IR Grays and White, Solar Energy Reflected ASTM E 891 and E 903
900 0
800.0
600.0
—o—Gray Portland Cement Concrete 500.0 —D— IR Reflective Concrete Gray Coior WPCIVI + IRReliective Light Gray WPCM —K— IR Reflective Dark Gray WPCIVI + IR Reflective Bright White Ariatase WPCM
200.0
i000
O 0 000 050 100 150 200 250 300 Wavelength, um Figure 8B US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
HIGH SRI SYSTEMS FOR CEMENTITIOUS (1982) Was adopted folloWing the report publication. More APPLICATIONS recently, a European Standard EN 12878, Pigments for the colouring of building materials based on cement and/ or lime, BACKGROUND has been adopted by the European common market standards [0001] For millions of people living in and around cities, organiZation (CEN). [0005] Interest in concrete as a means of improving albedo the urban heat island effect, i.e., a metropolitan area Which is or SRI of pavement has been studied by Ting, Koomey and signi?cantly Warmer than nearby rural areas, is of growing PomerantZ as Well as by Levinson and Akbari, both groups concern. The elevated temperatures associated With the heat from the LaWrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and also by island effect, as Well as increasing global temperatures, are impacting communities by increasing peak energy demand, Marceau and VanGeem of the Portland Cement Association. air conditioning costs, air pollution levels, and heat-related These studies have considered gray and White cements as the primary factor in the resulting albedo or solar re?ectance of illness and mortality. In addition, as energy costs are rising, the concrete With Supplementary Cementitious Materials there is a need to reduce energy consumption. The use of (SCM’s), contributing to the overall re?ectivity. Marceau and “cool” materials in roads and building construction can be VanGeem found that about 80% of the variation of solar used to mitigate the heat island effect, reduce energy demand re?ectance of concrete Was due to the cement re?ectance and energy consumption. The term “cool” materials is used to When no SCM Was present and 75% When SCM’s Were describe building materials that have high solar re?ectance, or included and cement re?ection Was constant. They report that albedo, and Which re?ect a large portion of the sun’s energy. ?ne aggregates have a very small effect on the solar re?ec Cool materials may also have a high thermal emittance, releasing a large percentage of absorbed heat. tance and that coarse aggregates also have been determined to [0002] Keeping building materials cooler in sunlight is his play a very minor role in the resulting concrete’s albedo or solar re?ectance. torically knoWn. For example, US. Pat. No. 21,927 dated Oct. [0006] Concrete is a highly versatile and durable structural 26, 1858 (Johnson) discloses a neW composition for roo?ng material that is Widely used in nearly all modern construction. Which uses mica as a solar re?ector material. Johnson claims: There has been a groWing trend to make concrete surfaces, “The mica being transparent and re?ective, Will act as a structures and other building elements more aesthetically re?ector of the sun’s rays and add greatly to the coolness of the building to Which it is applied.” Other historical references pleasing by making a Wide range of colors available and, more recently, to provide sustainable site development With also describe the use of building materials to Ward off the concrete construction. sun’s rays. See, e.g., US. Pat. Nos. 35,464; 2,133,988; 3,577, [0007] HoWever, the selection of colors available that pro 379; 4,289,677; 4,424,292; and 4,624,710. Other references describing pigments used to protect building materials from vide the desired level of solar re?ectivity is limited. There fore, there is a need to make available decorative concrete, sun exposure are also knoWn. See, e.g., US. Pat. No. 5,006, 175. A color restoring (self-cleansing) concrete body based cementitious matrices and other building components manu factured from concrete that have the desired improved solar on photo-catalytic TiO2 in anatase form is described in US. re?ectivity and resulting cooler surfaces. Pat. No. 3,102,039. [0003] Complex Inorganic Color Pigments (CICPs) that SUMMARY are IR re?ective are disclosed in several US. Pat. Nos. includ ing 6,174,360, 6,416,868 and 6,541,112. These pigments are [0008] The cementitious products of this invention alloW generally of spinel, rutile or corundum-hematite basic struc signi?cant improvement in infrared (IR) re?ectivity of struc ture and are manufactured by several companies. Examples of tures made With or covered in the high-SRI cementitious these types of pigment are the Ferro’s “GEODE® and systems of the invention, and also alloW for making concrete EclipseTM Cool ColorsTM”, The Shepherd Color Company’s coloring and texturing possible While providing a neW color “Arctic® Colors”, BASF’s (formerly Engelhard) “Meteor® range of cementitious products. The high-SRI cementitious and Meteor® Plus” and Heubach’s “Heucodur®” CICP prod systems of the invention reduce or mitigate the “heat island ucts. Other references are knoWn Which also describe coat effect” as described in publications by the Heat Island Group, ings andpigments for use in building materials. See, e. g., US. LaWrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), by their patent application Ser. Nos. 10/680,693 and 10/746,829, improved IR re?ectivity. Further, the cementitious applica Which disclose the use of 2-part coatings With infrared re?ec tion products described herein alloW ordinary gray concrete tive pigments primarily for use in coating roo?ng granules for to be cost effectively improved to provide high re?ectivity asphalt roo?ng, such as shingles; and US. patent application (“albedo”) and high SRI along With a Wide range of aestheti Ser. No. 10/989,120, Which discloses a thermally insulating cally pleasing colors. re?ective coating system Which is comprised of infrared [0009] The present invention describes high-SRI cementi re?ective pigments, holloW micro-spheres, various ?llers and tious systems having infrared re?ectivity. The high-SRI resins Where the coating has insulating as Well as re?ective cementitious systems include, but are not limited to, inte properties. grally colored concrete, dry-shake hardeners, toppings and [0004] During the mid 1970’s, the ASTM established a other cementitious systems, Which provide a reduction in the standard for pigments used to integrally color concrete. Well-documented “urban heat island effect”. The construc Under the leadership of chairman David R. Arnold, L. M. tion and building materials produced according to the inven Sco?eld Company, the task group charged With developing tion facilitate and permit environmentally responsible con this standard completed their Work in the early 1980’s. The struction practices under current “Green Building” and results are summariZed in the ASTM Research Report, Pig Leadership in Environmental Engineering and Design ments for Integrally Colored Concrete, Journal of Cement, (LEED) guidelines as stated in the Ready Mixed Concrete Concrete and Aggregates (1980); ASTM C979 Standard, Industry LEED Reference Guide (2006) RMC Research Speci?cation for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete, Foundation, to provide improved albedo and SRI perfor US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
mance Well beyond What can be achieved With conventional ment broWn 29, chrome niobium buff rutiles, such as pigment concrete coloring systems currently available With the excep yelloW 162, chrome tungsten titanium buff mtiles, as pigment tion of White concrete. yelloW 163, iron chromite buff spinels, such as pigment [0010] Using White or even gray portland cement concrete broWn 29, iron titanium broWn spinels, such as pigment black Without pigments a fairly high albedo value can be achieved. 12, manganese antimony titanium buff rutiles, such as pig HoWever, many current colors, in particular darker colors, do ment yelloW 164, manganese antimony titanium rutiles, man not provide adequate albedo and could be referred to as “hot” ganese tungsten titanium rutiles, Zinc ferrite broWn spinels, colors. The present invention permits the designer, or oWner such as pigment yelloW 119, Zinc iron chromite broWn of the concrete to improve albedo and SR1 values of the spinels, such as pigment broWn 33, and combinations thereof; [0017] green infrared re?ective pigments having a percent concrete While providing an extensive range of colors for re?ectance at 1000 nanometers of at least 60%, preferably concrete construction that can result in a more aesthetically selected from the group consisting of chlorinated copper pleasing and varied appearance as compared to convention phthalocyanine greens, chromium green-black hematites, ally colored architectural concrete. Further, the improved chromium green-black modi?ed, certain chromium oxides, albedo and SR1 values of the concrete can be cost effectively cobalt chromite blue-green spinels, cobalt chromite green produced. spinels, cobalt titanate green spinels, partially halogenated [0011] According to one embodiment of the invention, a copper phthalocyanines, and combinations thereof; high-SR1 cementitious system comprising an infrared re?ec [0018] blue infrared re?ective pigments having a percent tive pigment composition having one or more infrared re?ec re?ectance at 1000 nanometers of at least 50%, preferably, tive pigments is provided. The high-SR1 cementitious system selected from the group consisting of cobalt aluminate blue can be a cementitious matrix or a concrete coloring admix spinels, cobalt chromite blue-green spinels, cobalt chromium ture. The infrared re?ective pigments are selected from the Zinc aluminate spinels, cobalt lithium titanate green spinels, group consisting of black infrared re?ective pigments, red copper phthalocyanines, indanthrones, and combinations infrared re?ective pigments; orange to yelloW infrared re?ec thereof; tive pigments; beige to broWn infrared re?ective pigments; [0019] gray to White infrared re?ective pigments having a green infrared re?ective pigments; blue infrared re?ective percent re?ectance at 1000 nanometers of at least 60%, pref pigments; gray-White infrared re?ective pigments; and com erably, selected from the group consisting of black to White infrared re?ective pigments, chromium green-black hema binations thereof. tites, pigmentary anatase, chrome antimony titanium buff [0012] According to the invention, the infrared re?ective rutiles, anatase TiO2 and combinations thereof. pigments comprise: [0020] However, as Will be understood by those of skill in [0013] black infrared re?ective pigments having a percent the art by reference to this disclosure, the high-SR1 cementi re?ectance at 1000 nanometers of at least 40%, and prefer tious system according to the invention can include a combi ably are selected from the group consisting of manganese nation of infrared re?ective pigments to form a range of vanadium oxide spinels, chromium green-black hematites, colored cementitious systems. aluminum- and titanium-doped chromium green-black modi [0021] According to another embodiment of the invention, ?ed hematites, chromium iron oxides, hematite chromium the cementitious system is a dry shake color hardener, or a green-blacks, iron chromite broWn spinels including pigment topping. According to another embodiment of the invention, broWn 35, chromium iron nickel black spinels including pig a composition for creating a colored concrete material is ment black 30, perylene blacks, and combinations thereof; provided. The composition comprises a cementitious system [0014] red infrared re?ective pigments having a percent and one or more infrared re?ective pigments of the invention. re?ectance at 1000 nanometers of at least 60%, preferably The cementitious system may be conventional concrete, selected from the group consisting of o-chloro-p-nitroaniline lightWeight concrete, or pervious concrete. Further, the high coupled [3-napthols, m-nitro-p-toluidine coupled With SRl cementitious system may be used in a variety of cemen [3-napthols, diaZotiZed p-aminobenZamide coupled With titious applications, such as concrete panels, pavers or BON-o-phentidines, diketo-pyyrolo-pyrrole reds, iron (Ill) masonry units. Further, the integral concrete coloring admix tures may be used in concrete that is cast into manufactured oxide hematites, cerium sesquisul?des, quinacridone pavers or precast building panels. magenta B, pigment red 149, perylene reds, and combinations [0022] Methods for preparing cementitious systems thereof; including colored concrete and cementitious mixtures using [0015] orange to yelloW infrared re?ective pigments having one or more infrared re?ective pigments of the invention are a percent re?ectance at 1000 nanometers of at least 65%, also provided. According to the method, the infrared re?ec preferably selected from the group consisting of benZimida tive pigments may be added to the concrete as a coloring Zolone blends, chromium antimony titanate buff rutiles, admixture or a cementitious mixture in the form of a topping o-dianisidine coupled With aceto-acetanilides, dinitraniline for applying to hardened concrete, or a dry-shake hardener coupled With beta-naphthols, insoindoline yelloWs, o-(2 that is broadcast over freshly-placed (plastic) concrete. methoxy-4-nitrophenylhydraZono)-0t-aceto-2'-methoxyac According to another embodiment, the infrared re?ective etanilides, monoarylide yelloWs, nickel antimony titanates, pigments may be added integrally to concrete in various con nickel antimony titanium yelloW rutiles, m-nitro-o-anisidine crete related applications, such as conventional decorative coupled With acetoacet-o-anisidines, potassium cerium sul concrete, lightWeight concrete, pervious concrete, pre-cast ?des, pyraZolo-quinaZolones, quinophthalone yelloWs, Zinc structural elements and concrete masonry units or pavers. ferrite yelloW spinels and combinations thereof; [0016] beige to broWn infrared re?ective pigments having a FIGURES percent re?ectance at 1000 nanometers of at least 60%, pref [0023] These and other features, aspects and advantages of erably chrome antimony titanium buff rutiles and chrome the present invention Will become better understood from the antimony titanium rutiles, such as pigment broWn 24, chro folloWing description, appended claims, and accompanying mium iron oxide, chromium iron oxide spinels, such as pig ?gures Where: US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
[0024] FIG. 1 is a graph showing direct normal irradiance, that incorporate one or more IR re?ective pigments into for ASTM E 891, Air Mass 1.5; mulations such as, toppings mixed With Water for application [0025] FIG. 2A is a graph of spectral re?ectance for con to existing concrete surfaces, dry-shake hardeners for appli ventional black pigmented systems and infrared re?ective cation to freshly-placed plastic concrete, integral coloring black pigmented systems according to one embodiment of the admixtures for concrete of all types including pre-cast and/or invention; even steam-cured concrete structural elements Where conven [0026] FIG. 2B is a graph of re?ected solar energy for tional iron oxide yelloW and black pigments Would degrade conventional black pigmented systems and infrared re?ective due to temperature, as Well as other cementitious systems black pigmented systems according to the embodiment of the such as integral colored concrete and stucco. Some of the invention also shoWn in FIG. 2A; cementitious topping or dry-shake hardener systems of the [0027] FIG. 3A is a graph of spectral re?ectance for con invention may include, in addition to one or more IR re?ective ventional red pigmented systems and infrared re?ective red pigments, one or more of the folloWing: hydraulic cementi pigmented systems according to another embodiment of the tious binder(s); graded aggregates; super-plasticizers, Water invention; reducing and/or air-entraining admixtures, poZZolans; one or [0028] FIG. 3B is a graph of re?ected solar energy for more pigments selected for improving infrared re?ectivity, or conventional red pigmented systems and infrared re?ective a desired color, and/ or optionally other additives, such as dry red pigmented systems according to the embodiment of the redispersible polymers or ?llers, depending on the particular invention also shoWn in FIG. 3A; cementitious application, to provide decorative and LEED [0029] FIG. 4A is a graph of spectral re?ectance for con compliant concrete hardscapes and other decorative concrete ventional yelloW pigmented systems and infrared re?ective surfaces or structures. yelloW pigmented systems according to another embodiment [0040] The integral concrete coloring admixtures, cemen of the invention; titious toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and other high-SRI [0030] FIG. 4B is a graph of re?ected solar energy for cementitious systems of the invention are used to color con conventional yelloW pigmented systems and infrared re?ec crete or as concrete surface treatments and to provide a Wide tive yelloW pigmented systems according to the embodiment range of “cool” architectural concrete colors, i.e., concrete of the invention also shoWn in FIG. 4A; having high Solar Re?ectance Index (SRI), or albedo, and [0031] FIG. 5A is a graph of spectral re?ectance for con Which re?ects a large portion of the sun’s infrared energy. The ventional beige pigmented systems and infrared re?ective integral concrete coloring admixtures, cementitious toppings broWn and beige pigmented systems according to another and dry-shake hardeners according to the invention may be embodiment of the invention; cost effectively used to produce an IR-re?ective surface for [0032] FIG. 5B is a graph of re?ected solar energy for concrete that is not possible With ordinary gray portland conventional beige pigmented systems and infrared re?ective cement concrete With conventional pigments of similar col broWn and beige pigmented systems according to the embodi ors. Ordinary gray portland cement concrete can be improved ment of the invention also shoWn in FIG. 5A; in IR re?ectance and colored at the same time by selective use [0033] FIG. 6A is a graph of spectral re?ectance for con of integral concrete colors made With high IR re?ectance ventional green pigmented systems and infrared re?ective pigments and/or additives. Colors included in the IR re?ec green pigmented systems according to another embodiment tive compositions are: blacks, reds, yelloWs, oranges, greens, of the invention; blues, broWns, and Whites. The IR re?ective pigments of the [0034] FIG. 6B is a graph of re?ected solar energy for invention may be combined to achieve colors such as beiges, conventional green pigmented systems and infrared re?ective purples, grays, or any intermediate shade thereof. green pigmented systems according to the embodiment of the [0041] The color of the infrared re?ective pigment invention also shoWn in FIG. 6A; described herein refers to the visual property of the pigment [0035] FIG. 7A is a graph of spectral re?ectance for con derived from the spectrum of light (distribution of light ventional blue pigmented systems and infrared re?ective blue energy versus Wavelength) in the corresponding category, pigmented systems according to another embodiment of the e.g., red, orange, yelloW, blue, green, etc. The color categories invention; and physical speci?cations are also associated With the com [0036] FIG. 7B is a graph of re?ected solar energy for positions based on their physical properties such as light conventional blue pigmented systems and infrared re?ective absorption or re?ection spectra. Additionally, the infrared blue pigmented systems according to the embodiment of the re?ective pigments described herein have a composition of invention also shoWn in FIG. 7A; re?ected light that is detectable as colors by humans (Wave [0037] FIG. 8A is a graph of spectral re?ectance for gray length spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm, roughly). portland cement concrete and infrared re?ective gray and [0042] In the case of black infrared pigments, the black White pigmented systems according to another embodiment color is the result of a pigment that absorbs light rather than of the invention; and re?ects it back to the eye to “look black”, and a black pigment [0038] FIG. 8B is a graph of re?ected solar energy for gray may be, in fact, a variation of a color, such as a blue-black or portland cement concrete and infrared re?ective gray and a green-black. A black pigment can, hoWever, result from a White pigmented systems according to the embodiment of the combination of several pigments that collectively absorb all invention also shoWn in FIG. 8A. colors. If appropriate proportions of three primary colors of pigments are mixed, the result re?ects so little light as to be DESCRIPTION called “black”. [0039] According to one embodiment of the present inven [0043] In the case of gray-White infrared re?ective pig tion, there is provided infrared (IR) re?ective pigments for ments, the gray-White color refers to White pigments and the use in high-SRI cementitious systems. The high-SRI cemen range of White to gray shades betWeen near-black and near titious systems of the invention are cementitious applications White. US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
[0044] The stated colors of the infrared re?ective pigments Sustainable Sites Credit 7.1 and possible exemplary and/or described herein should not be interpreted as absolute. Spec innovation credit(s) for high levels of performance, Well tral colors form a continuous spectrum, and the infrared beyond What is required. re?ective pigments described herein are divided into distinct [0056] “Kirchoff Relationship” per ASTM E903 de?nes 3 colors as a matter of convenience as Will be understood by related properties of light energy as folloWs: those of skill in the art, that the colors of the infrared re?ective [0057] (xS+'cS+pS:1, Where as (alpha sub s) is absorptance, pigments may be betWeen (or among), 2 or more stated col "cs (tau sub s) is transmittance and p5 (rho sub s) is re?ectance. ors, and still fall Within the scope of the invention. Transmittance, ISIO for opaque materials (eg concrete). [0045] As used in this disclosure, the folloWing terms have High absorptance is related to the heat build-up and the high the folloWing meanings. re?ectance is required to reduce heat build-up. [0046] “Absorptance” (0t, alpha) is the ratio of absorbed [0058] “Re?ectance, p (rho)”, is the ratio of the re?ected radiant ?ux to incident radiant ?ux. radiant ?ux to the incident radiant ?ux. [0047] “Albedo” is the ratio of re?ected sunlight energy to [0059] “Solar 1nsolation” refers to the solar irradiance that the amount of solar irradiance (energy) falling on a given is incident on a surface, considering angle, air mass, global surface. As used herein, the term refers to the overall spectra position and other atmospheric conditions. re?ectance of sunlight from ~360 nm to 2500 nm based on [0060] “Solar 1rradiance per unit Wavelength” refers to the calculation from spectral values obtained by ASTM E 903 energy that is available from sunlight under speci?ed condi and solar insolation values from ASTM E 891 using the tions, such as air mass:1.5 and 370 tilt, direct, or other vari 50-point or 100-point selected (equal-energy) ordinate ables such as global position and atmospheric chemical com method for direct solar irradiance. ASTM E 891 data is at air position, turbidity or rural aerosol and unit of Wavelength. mass 1.5, turbidity 0.27 and Zenith angle ofat 48.19o Which is This information is derived from measured solar irradiance a composite value for the contiguous United States. Albedo data from SMARTS2 or earlier solar models, such as Frohlich can be expressed as a percent (29%), or more commonly, as a and Wherli or Neckel and Labs and from ASTM Sunlight decimal fraction, such as 0.29. Total Solar Re?ectance (TSR) Standards E490, E891, E892 and G173. and albedo are used interchangeably. It should be noted that [0061] “Solar 1rradiance, Spectral” refers to the solar irra albedo (TSR) includes portions of the UV (up to 400 nm), all diance (EA, or Energy at Wavelength) that is available at a of the visible spectra (400-700 nm) and the infrared from given wavelength, 7» (lambda), using the units, Watts*metre_ (701-2500 nm). Generally dark colored materials have loW 2* pm”, Where EAIdE/dk albedo and light colored materials have high albedo, hoWever [0062] Solar Re?ectance 1ndex (SR1) enables estimation of IR re?ective materials can be fairly dark and still have fairly hoW hot a surface Will become upon exposure to sunlight. It is high albedo values. computed from the TSR or albedo values using the Stefan [0048] “Cementitious application” refers to a building, BoltZman Constant, 5.67 E-8 Watts*m_2*o 1(“4 and can construction, and/ or manufacturing material or process con include a normally assigned emittance (e, epsilon) value (eg taining a cement, and also includes applications. 6:090 default value for concrete), Wind speed, air and sky [0049] “Cementitious matrix” refers to a composition con temperatures as Well as re?ectances and temperatures of both taining cement and optionally one or more other additives, black and White surfaces. depending on the cementitious application, such as a topping, [0063] “Urban Heat 1sland Effect” is the knoWn increase in dry-shake hardener, or other cementitious application, such the average temperature of cities or urban areas as compared as concrete. to the temperatures of surrounding non-urban areas. This [0050] “Cementitious system” refers to a concrete coloring temperature rise is due to the pavement and buildings With loW solar re?ectivity as opposed to the trees and vegetation admixture or cementitious matrix. With higher solar re?ectivity in the non-urban areas. [0051] “Concrete coloring admixture” refers to a composi [0064] As used in this disclosure, the term “comprise” and tion containing a pigment and other additives, such as a Water variations of the term, such as “comprising” and “comprises,” reducing agent. are not intended to exclude other additives, components, inte [0052] “C1CP” is an acronym for “Complex 1norganic gers or steps. Color Pigment”, Which is a colored mixed metal oxide. [0065] All amounts disclosed herein are given in Weight [0053] “High-SR1 Cementitious system”refers to a cemen percent of the total Weight of the composition. titious system having a high-SR1 value, generally of at least [0066] In one embodiment, the present invention is the use above about 29 SR1 units, more preferably, above about 32 of one or more infrared (IR) re?ective pigments in concrete or SR1 units, and in some colored high-SR1 cementitious sys a cementitious system. The IR re?ective pigments of the tems, above about 40 SR1 units. invention are blacks, reds, yelloWs, oranges, greens, blues, [0054] “1nfrared (1R) Re?ectance” refers to the hemi broWns, and Whites, and may be combined to achieve colors spherical re?ectance values measured from ASTM E 903 for such as beiges, purples, grays, and other intermediate shades. Wavelengths from 700 to 2500 nm referenced to standards The IR re?ective pigments are formulated in compositions for using a diffuse re?ectance measurement With a hemispherical use in high-SR1 cementitious systems, such as integral color integrating sphere. ing admixtures, toppings, dry-shake color hardeners, and [0055] “LEED” is an acronym for Leadership in Environ other cementitious systems. The coloring admixtures for con mental Engineering and Design, a program administered by crete, dry-shake color hardeners, and topping formulations of the US. Green Building Council (USGBC), to promote sus the invention use pigments that have good 1R re?ective prop tainability, energy ef?ciency and to minimiZe environmental erties. The IR re?ective pigments of the invention may be impact in both neW construction (NC) and existing buildings obtained from commercial sources and are selected based on (EB). The LEED requirements referenced herein are related the criteria described beloW. The high-SR1 cementitious sys to mitigation of the “Urban Heat 1sland Effect” under LEED tems according to the invention are designed to maximiZe the US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
effectiveness of the selected pigments in a system and result inverse spinels With Fe3O4 (magnetite) as an example of a in a group of colored products that provide signi?cant stoichiometric compound Where the Fe+2 and Fe+3 ions improvements in the albedo of the concrete or cementitious occupy the spaces normally occupied by the oxygen ions in system substrate as compared to conventional technology. the crystal lattice. Disordered spinels Which are not stoichio The concrete coloring admixtures and other cementitious metric, have only a fraction of the tetrahedral sites or the systems according to the invention preferably reduce surface octahedral sites occupied by metal ions. The siZe (ionic radii) temperature rise With sunlight exposure as compared to relationships of the metal cations to the siZe of the oxygen analogous conventional products. The use of pigments or anions and Vegard’s LaW, along With Crystal Field StabiliZa cementitious system components including all knoWn toxic tion Energy (CFSE) help to determine the resulting crystal or environmentally harmful pigments such as any containing lattice structure. lead, arsenic, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and aniline [0072] CICP pigments are considerably more costly to pro based colors are not preferred materials and are generally duce than conventional iron oxide and chromium oxide based eliminated from consideration for use in the invention. All pigments, hoWever, they are very stable chemically and are other non-toxic or environmentally-safe systems described in resistant to high heat and UV exposure as Well because they the above compositions are formulated to observe the TWelve are produced at up to 10000 C. (18000 E). CICP pigments Principles of Green Chemistry, (http://WWW.epa.gov/ provide color by electron transitions from one quantum greenchemistry/pubs/principles.html), Wherever applicable. energy level (mostly in d-orbitals) to another (also mostly [0067] Most of the IR re?ective pigments are pigment types d-orbital) Where part of the White sunlight is absorbed and the from the category of complex inorganic color pigments remaining complementary color in the visible range (and (CICPs). CICPs are generally of the rutile, spinel or corun extending into the NIR) is re?ected. dum-hematite crystal structure, as described in Advanced [0073] Many organic pigments have fair to good IR re?ec Inorganic Chemistry, Cotton and Wilkinson, 1980, pp. 16-17. tivity and are generally more intensely colored than the simi These CICPs, formerly referred to as mixed metal oxides lar colors are With inorganic pigments. Some of these organic (MMOs), have 2 or more metals in the same crystal unit colors extend the available color range to include colors that structure. These crystal structures are generally referred to as cannot be achieved With conventional inorganic pigments. rutile, spinel or corundum-hematite, based on the composi Organic pigments provide color by having chromophore tion and crystal lattice structures of the minerals rutile, spinel groups With conjugated J's-electron overlaps that provide reso or corundum-hematite. Corundum structures in 0t-Al2O3 nant structures absorbing energy at certain Wavelengths in the form may also be referred to as hematites. visible range and IR spectral range and re?ecting energy at [0068] Rutiles, as described in Advanced Inorganic Chem other Wavelengths. Organic pigments, in many cases, are istry, Cotton and Wilkinson, 1980, p. 16 are composite metal sensitive to the harsh high (1 1-12) pH environment of cemen oxides With a crystal structure corresponding to the rutile titious materials and even though they may Work ?ne in form of titanium dioxide TiO2, Where each metal ion is in a coatings, they may fail rapidly in moist exterior exposed 6-coordinate system With the oxygen ions. These are gener cementitious systems. In some cases the organic pigments ally represented by the formula MO2, Where M represents one also can fail due to UV exposure as noted With BASF (for or more metal ions. Nickel antimony titanate is an example of merly Engelhard) 1270 Diarylide YelloW (beloW). Addition a rutile structure, With part of the Ti (IV) cations replaced by ally, some organic pigments are non-polar and do not disperse nickel (II) cations and antimony (V) cations, all occupying the Well enough in cementitious systems or can cause excessive same rutile lattice unit cell structure. degradation of physical properties of the cementitious sys [0069] Spinels, as described in Advanced Inorganic Chem tems such as reduction of compressive strength. Other istry, Cotton and Wilkinson, 1980, p 17, are composite metal organic pigments Will not remain bound in the cementitious oxide crystal structures generally referring to the formula matrix and can Wash out or track off over time. Given all of MgAl2O4. Spinels have a symmetry of ccp (cubic close these potential incompatibilities, adequate testing is required packed) of the oxygen ions With one-eighth of the tetrahedral to thoroughly evaluate each pigment used in the IR re?ective holes ?lled With Mg+2 ions and one-half of the octahedral cementitious systems according to the invention. holes occupied by Al+3 ions. Many CICPs have this same [0074] As described beloW, pigments used according to the structure for Ma"2Mb2"3O4 metal oxides, Where Ma is a metal invention may be obtained from commercial sources, Where ion of valence +2 With one ion per spinel unit structure and indicated, or are available from a variety of manufactures Ml,2 is a metal of valence +3 With 2 ions per spinel unit Where indicated. The folloWing abbreviations are used for the structure. Structurally, this is equivalent to Ma[II]O.Mb[III] folloWing commercial suppliers. BASF having o?ices in 2O3 metal oxides, for normal spinels, but Ma[IV]O.Ml,[II]2O3 Charlotte, NC, is referred to as BASF, BASF formerly or Ma[I]2O.Mb[VI]O3 and other spinel variations can also Engelhard, having of?ces in Iselin, N]. is referred to as form. “BASE-E”; Colorchem International Corp., having of?ces in [0070] Corundums, as described in Advanced Inorganic Atlanta, Ga. is referred to as “Colorchem” CIBA Specialty Chemistry, Cotton and Wilkinson, 1980, p 16, are metal Chemicals, having of?ces in Newport, Del. is referred to as oxides crystal structures referring to corundum, 0t-Al2O3 and “CIBA”; Ferro Corporation, having o?ices in Cleveland, hematite Fe2O3 Which have a symmetry of hcp (hexagonal Ohio is referred to as “Ferro”; Elementis Pigments, having close-packed) oxygen ions With tWo-thirds of the octahedral o?ices in East St. Louis, Ill. is referred to as “Elementis”; interstices occupied by metal cations. Examples of these Heucotech, having o?ices in Fairless Hills, Pa. is referred to compounds are Cr2O3 or FeCrO3 Where the metal cation(s) as “Heubach”; Ishirara ISK having o?ices in San Francisco, is/are normally in the +3 valence state. Calif. is referred to as “ISK”, Lanxess Corporation formerly [0071] There are many variations of these unit cell struc Bayer, having o?ices in Pittsburgh, Pa., is referred as tures as described in Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Cotton “Lanxess”, The Shepherd Color Co., having o?ices in Cin and Wilkinson, 1980, p 17, pp 686-87 and p 753, such as cinnati, Ohio is referred to as “Shepherd”; Sun Chemical, US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
having o?ices in Cincinnati, Ohio is referred to as “Sun”; [0087] iron chromium manganese black spinel, commer TOR Minerals International having o?ices in Corpus Christi, cially available as pigment broWn 29, 9880 Meteor® Tex. is referred to as TOR, and United Color Manufacturing, Plus High IR Black; 9882 Meteor® Plus Black (Blue having of?ces in NeWtoWn, Pa. is referred to as “United”. Shade High Strength), 9887 Meteor® Plus High IR [0075] According to one embodiment of the invention, Black (BroWn Shade), 9889 Meteor®Plus High IR cementitious systems for black concrete integral coloring Black (BroWn Shade High Strength); admixtures, dry-shake hardeners and toppings are provided. [0088] chromium-free proprietary manganese, bismuth, These cementitious systems have black IR re?ective pig strontium and/ or vanadium oxide spinels, commercially ments. Preferably, the black IR re?ective pigments have a available as GEODE® 10201 EclipseTM Black (Ferro), minimum value of 40% re?ectance at 1000 nm. Some black GEODE® 10202 (neW experimental version 0-1786) pigments that may not be of high enough SRI on their oWn but EclipseTM Black (Ferro), and GEODE® 10203 With higher IR re?ectance than iron oxide or carbon black, EclipseTM Black (Ferro); and can be used in combinations With higher SRI pigments to [0089] perylene black, commercially available as Palio meet minimum SRI requirements. tolTM L 0086 (BASF). [0076] The black IR re?ective pigments that provide the [0090] In a preferred embodiment, a black high-SRI IR desired IR-re?ective properties may include one or more of re?ective cementitious system is provided. More preferably, the folloWing pigments: the black high-SRI IR re?ective composition is a coloring [0077] aluminum and titanium doped chromium green admixture for concrete, topping, dry-shake color hardener, or black modi?ed hematites, commercially available as other cementitious system that utiliZes the CICP black pig V-780 Cool ColorsTM IR BroWn Black (Ferro) andV-799 ments, GEODE® V-775 (Ferro), GEODE® V-776 (Ferro) Cool ColorsTM IR Black (Ferro); and EclipseTM Black 10202 (Ferro), to achieve the black to [0078] copper chromium manganese black spinel, com gray range of colors With high albedo or SRI. The most mercially available as pigment black 28, such as 7890 preferred black color for integrally colored concrete or Meteor® Black (BASE-E), 9875 Meteor® Plus HS Jet cementitious topping or dry-shake color hardener utiliZes Black, Black 411 (Shepherd); EclipseTM Black 10202 (neW experimental version 0-1786) [0079] copper chromium manganese barium spinel, (Ferro) to achieve the highest possible albedo or SRI values. commercially available as pigment black 28, such as Bayferrox 303-T (Lanxess), a loWer cost CICP manganese 5875 Meteor® Plus Jet Black, Heucodur® BroWn 869 ferrite black spinel pigment With moderate IR re?ectance (Heubach) Black, Heucodur® Black 953 (Heubach), (although too loW by itself) can be used along With higher IR Heucodur® Black 963 (Heubach), re?ectance pigments to provide required minimum SRI val [0080] chromium green-black hematites, commercially ues in more cost effective formulations, Where cost con available as pigment green 17, such as GEODE® V-774 straints must be considered as Well as SRI. Cool ColorsTM HS Black (Ferro), GEODE® V-775 Cool [0091] As it is knoWn to those in the art, carbon black and ColorsTM IR Black (Ferro), V-776 IR Black (Ferro), black iron oxide absorb strongly across the Whole UV, V is GEODE® V-778 Cool ColorsTM IR Black (Ferro), and NIR spectrum, have very poor albedo or SRI values, and GEODE® 10204 IR EclipseTM IR Black (Ferro), are generally unsuitable for any application Where IR re?ec 0-1775B Ebony (Ferro), Black 10C909 (Shepherd), and tivity is required. Referring noW to FIG. 2A, the data covering Black 30C940 (Shepherd); formulas With these carbon black and black iron oxide pig [0081] chromium iron nickel black spinels, commer ments are shoWn to indicate the difference in current knoWl cially available as pigment black 30, such as GEODE® edge of the art in architectural colored concrete and the 10456 Black (Ferro) and Heucodur® Black 950 (Heu cementitious systems, including dry-shake hardener and top bach); pings having black IR re?ective pigments of the invention. [0082] chromium iron oxide spinels, commercially [0092] As noted, black iron oxide and carbon black are not available as pigment broWn 29, such as Black 41 1 (Shep suitable in systems intended to provide IR re?ectivity. In herd), 9880 Meteor® Plus High IR Jet (blue shade) addition, it has also been determined that many CICP pig Black (BASE-E), 9882 Meteor® Plus (blue shade, high ments in the black range are similarly unsuitable for use in strength) Black (BASE-E), 9887 Meteor® Plus (BroWn integrally colored concrete, cementitious topping or dry Shade) High IR Black (BASE-E), 9889 Meteor® Plus shake systems intended to provide IR re?ectivity. Examples (broWn shade) High IR Black (BASE-E), of such loW IR re?ective systems are With CICP pigments that [0083] cobalt chromium iron spinel, commercially avail include a different manganese ferrite black spinel (F-6331-2 able as pigment black 27, such as Heucodur® Black 955 (Ferro), Coal Black) and iron cobalt chromite black spinel (Heubach), (pigment black 27, GEODE® 10335 Black (Ferro)), Where [0084] copper chromium iron spinel, commercially the latter-named pigment shoWs the characteristic cobalt available as pigment black 28, such as Heucodur® Black trough from 1200-1800 nm. Another system With only Weak 9-100 (Heubach) to moderate IR re?ectivity uses chrome iron nickel black [0085] hematite chromium green-blacks, commercially spinel, GEODE® 10456 Black (Ferro). It has also been deter available as pigment green 17, such as Heucodur® mined that although concrete or cementitious systems can be Black 910 (Heubach); pigmented With carbaZole violet, pigment violet 23 (Sun or [0086] iron chromite black spinels, commercially avail Ciba) mixed With phthalocyanine green, (pigment green 7) to able as pigment broWn 35, such as 7895 Meteor® High provide an intense black With excellent IR re?ectivity, this IR Black (BASE-E), 9891 Black (Blue Shade), MT, combination of pigments does not remain adequately bound High IR Black (BASF-E), 9895 Black, High IR (BASF into the concrete or other cementitious matrix and Would be E), Heucodur® Black 920 (Heubach), Heucodur® expected to Wash out over time. The carbaZole violet, phtha Black 940 (Heubach); locyanine green combination Was not tested in a dry-shake US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
hardener system due to its failure to remain bound in the toppings or dry-shake hardeners. A topping test specimen topping binder system and also to the possibility of Wind With an orange blend of Casacolor DPP Red 2540 (Keystone) bloWn organic pigment from dry-shake broadcast application and conventional yelloW 2087 pigment also shoWed loss of procedures. red, fading to yelloW after 10 months of exterior exposure and [0093] According to another embodiment of the invention, Was excluded, hoWever the topping With DPP red (CIBA) had high-SRI cementitious systems for red colored dry-shake satisfactory performance after 1 year of exterior exposure. hardeners and toppings are provided. These high-SRI cemen [0105] According to another embodiment of the invention, titious systems have red IR re?ective pigments. Preferably, high-SRI cementitious systems for yelloW and orange col the red IR re?ective pigments have a minimum value of 50% ored concrete coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hard re?ectance at 1000 nm. eners, and other cementitious systems are provided. These [0094] The red IR re?ective pigments that provide the high-SRI cementitious systems have yelloW and orange IR desired IR-re?ective properties may include one or more of re?ective pigments. Preferably, the yelloW and orange IR the folloWing pigments: re?ective pigments have a minimum value of 65% re?ectance [0095] o-Chloro-p-nitroaniline coupled [3-napthols, at 1000 nm. such as 1088 Blazing Red (BASF-E); [0106] The yelloW and orange IR re?ective pigments that [0096] m-nitro-p-toluidine coupled With [3-napthols, provide the desired IR-re?ective properties may include one such as 1173 Toluidine Dark Red (BASF-E); or more of the folloWing pigments: [0097] diaZotiZed p-aminobenZamide coupled With [0107] am complexes, such as BayfastY5688 (Lanxess); BON-o-phentidines, such as 3169 Red (BASF-E) and [0108] benZimidaZolone blends, such as 1207 Right?tTM 3170 Red (BASF-E); YelloW 3G (BASF-E); [0098] diketo-pyyrol-pyrrole (DPP) reds, such as CIBA [0109] chromium antimony titanate buff rutiles, com IrgaZin® Red 2030 (CIBA); Monolite® Red 325401 mercially available as pigment broWn 24, such as (Heubach), Meteor® 7370 YelloW Buff (BASF-E), Meteor® 7371 [0099] iron (III) oxide hematites, such as GEODE® YelloW Buff (BASF-E), Meteor® 8380 YelloW Buff V-13810 High IR Red (Ferro), hoWever, some red iron Light (BASF-E), Meteor® Plus 9371 YelloW Buff, plas oxide pigments other than V-13810 may have fair IR tics (BASF-E), Meteor® Plus 9375 YelloW Buff (BASF re?ectance but also may have small amounts of mag E), Meteor® Plus 9377 Buff (BASF-E) Meteor® Plus netic iron oxide or black iron oxide Which can adversely 9379 PP YelloW Buff, High Strength (BASF-E), Heuco affect their re?ective properties across the UV-Vis-NIR dur® YelloW 3R (Heubach), Heucodur® YelloW 251 spectrum; (Heubach), Heucodur® YelloW 252 (Heubach), Heuco [0100] cerium sesquisul?des, such as Rhodia NeolorTM dur® YelloW 254 (Heubach), Heucodur® YelloW 256 Red S (Colorchem); (Heubach) Heucodur® YelloW 5R (Heubach), Heuco [0101] quinacridone magenta B, such as Sunfast® Red dur® YelloW G 9202 (Heubach), Heucodur® YelloW 6R 228-1220 (Sun), 228-6725 (Sun); and (Heubach), Heucodur® YelloW 259 (Heubach), Heuco [0102] perylene reds, such as United pigment red 149, dur® YelloW 265 (Heubach), GEODE® 10411 Bright (United); GoldenYelloW (Ferro); GEODE® 10415 Bright Golden [0103] In a preferred embodiment, red IR re?ective pig YelloW (Ferro), GEODE® 10657 Bright GoldenYelloW ments for cementitious systems including, concrete coloring (Ferro), GEODE® V-12112 Bright Golden YelloW admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and other cemen (Ferro), YelloW 196 (Shepherd), YelloW 10C272 (Shep titious systems are provided. More preferably, the IR re?ec herd) and Arctic® YelloW 10C272 (Shepherd), YelloW tive concrete coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hard 10P270 (Shepherd), and 30C236 (Shepherd); Tipaque® eners, and other cementitious systems utiliZe red IR re?ective Yellow TY-100 (Buff), TY-150, TY-200, TY-300 (Buff) pigments including iron (III) oxide hematites, such as and TY-400 (Buff), (ISK); GEODE® V-13810 High IR Red (Ferro), and cerium ses [011 0] chromium tungsten titanium rutile, commercially quisul?des, such as Rhodia NeolorTM Red S to achieve the available as pigment yelloW 163, such as 7383 Meteor® high albedo and SRI values. The most preferred red IR re?ec Orange (BASF-E), 9384 Meteor® Plus Red-Buff tive pigment is Rhodia NeolarTM Red S, used in cementitious (BASF-E), 9385 Meteor® Plus Golden Buff (BASF-E); systems to provide the best possible albedo and SRI values. [0111] cobalt niobium titanium buff rutile, commer [0104] In the selection of pigments in the IR re?ective red cially available as pigment yelloW 221, such as Tipaque range it Was determined that Casacolor DPP Red 2540, pig YelloW PF-1207 (ISK); ment red 254, (Keystone Aniline, Chicago) Would not stay in [0112] iron titanium broWn spinel, commercially avail the topping system binder Well enough and Would be prone to able as pigment black 12, such as YelloW 20P296 (Shep Wash out in exterior applications. The performance of the herd); Ciba IrgaZin® DPP Red 2030 Was satisfactory and it did not [0113] o-dianisidine coupled With aceto-acetanilides, have the same Wash out tendency, Which Was likely due to such as 2915 Orange (BASF-E); different crystalline structure vs. the Casacolor DPP Red [0114] dinitraniline coupled With beta-naphthols, such 2540. The conventional iron oxide pigment controls, such as as 2916 Orange (BASF-E); Bayferrox® Red 110 or Red 140, can provide moderate [0115] insoindoline yelloWs, such as PaliotolTM YelloW albedo and SRI values When used in both gray and White L1820 (BASF-E), portland cement systems, hoWever, a gain in albedo and SRI [0116] o-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenylhydraZono)-ot-ac can be achieved by using a system With higher IR re?ectivity, eto-2'-methoxyacetanilides, such as 1244 SungloW Yel for example using GEODE® V-13810 High IR Red (Ferro), loW “Hansa yelloW” (BASF-E); Ciba IrgaZine® DPP Red (CIBA) or Rhodia NeolorTM Red S [0117] monoarylide yelloWs, such as Sunfast® (Colorchem) in the integral concrete coloring admixtures, 272-6123 (Sun); US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
[0118] nickel antimony titanates, rutile symmetry crystal coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and structures, such as pigment yellow 53, such as 8320 other cementitious systems is provided. These concrete col Meteor® Yellow (BASF-E), 9350 Meteor® Plus Bright oring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and other Golden YelloW (BASF-E), Heucodur® YelloW HD 152 cementitious systems have beige and broWn IR re?ective (Heubach), Heucodur® PLUS YelloW 150 (Heubach) and pigments. Preferably, the beige and broWn IR re?ective pig Heucodur® PLUS YelloW 152 (Heubach), Heucodur® ments have a minimum value of 60% re?ectance at 1000 nm. YelloW 156 (Heubach), Heucodur® YelloW 7G (Heu [0129] The beige and broWn IR re?ective pigments that bach), Heucodur® YelloW 8G (Heubach), Heucodur® provide the desired IR-re?ective properties may include one YelloW G 9082 (Heubach), Heucodur® FL US YelloW 8G or more of the folloWing pigments: (Heubach), GEODE® V-9415 EclipseTM YelloW [0130] chrome antimony titanium buff rutiles and (Ferro), GEODE® V-9416 YelloW (Ferro), Arctic chrome antimony titanium rutiles, commercially avail 10C1 12 (Shepherd), 10G152YelloW (Shepherd),YelloW able as pigment broWn 24, 8380 Meteor® YelloW Buff, 10P1 10 YelloW 30C1 19 (Shepherd), YelloW Tipaque® Light (BASF-E), 9379 Meteor® FFYelloW Buff (BASF YelloW TY-50 and TY-70 (ISK) E), GEODE® V-9156 Autumn Gold (Ferro), [0119] nickel antimony chromium titanate, rutile sym [0131] chromium iron oxide spinels, commercially metry, commercially available as pigment yelloW 53, available as pigment broWn 29, Black 411 (Shepherd), Heucodur® YelloW G 9116 (Heucotech) Heucodur® BroWn 855 (Heubach), Heucodur® BroWn [0120] nickel niobium titanium yelloW rutile, commer 869 (Heucotech), cially available as pigment yelloW 161, GEODE® [0132] chrome niobium buff rutiles, commercially avail V-9440 YelloW (Ferro), able as pigment yelloW 162, GEODE® V-12107 Sand [0121] nickel niobium buff rutile, commercially avail YelloW (Ferro); able as pigment yelloW 162, GEODE® V-12107 Sand [0133] manganese chromium antimony titanate rutile, YelloW (Ferro); commercially available as pigment broWn 40, such as [0122] nickel tungsten titanate rutile, commercially Meteor® 7780 (Zinc and iron free) BroWn, available as pigment yelloW 189, 9304 Meteor® Plus [0134] chrome tungsten titanium buff rutiles, commer Golden YelloW (BASF-E) cially available as pigment yelloW 163, 7383 Meteor® [0123] m-nitro-o-anisidine coupled With acetoacet-o Orange (BASF-E), 9384 Meteor® Red Buff (BASF-E), anisidines, such as 1237 SungloW YelloW (BASF-E), 9385 Meteor® Plus Golden Buff (BASF-E), GEODE® SungloW 1244 (BASF-E), and SungloW 1241 SY V-12110 Deep Burnt Orange (Ferro); (BASF-E); [0135] iron chromite buff spinels, commercially avail [0124] Potassium cerium sul?des, such as Rhodia able as pigment broWn 29, 9760 Meteor® Plus HS NeolorTM Orange S (Colorchem); pyraZolo-quinaZolones, BroWn (BASF-E) and 9770 Meteor® Plus HS red such as PaliotolTM 2930 HD Orange (BASF); and quinoph BroWn (BASF-E); thalone yelloWs, such as PaliotolTM YelloW L 0962 HD [0136] iron titanium broWn spinels, commercially avail (BASF); able as pigment black 12, GEODE® 10358 YelloW [0125] Zinc Ferrite, a temperature stable plastics grade BroWn (Ferro), BroWn 8 (Shepherd), and BroWn CICP, commercially available as pigment yelloW 1 19, such as 20C819 (Shepherd); Colortherm® 30 or Colortherm® 3950YelloW or Bayferrox® [0137] manganese antimony titanium buff rutiles, com 950 YelloW (Lanxess); mercially available as pigment yelloW 164, GEODE® [0126] In a preferred embodiment, a yelloW high-SRI 10550 BroWn (Ferro), GEODE® 10364 BroWn (Ferro), cementitious system is provided. More preferably, the yelloW GEODE® V-12100 Iron Free BroWn (Ferro), BroWn concrete coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, 352 (Shepherd), BroWn 10C873 (Shepherd), and BroWn and other cementitious systems utiliZe a yelloW IR re?ective 352 (Shepherd), 9749 Meteor® Plus (red shade) BroWn pigment including, Ferro V-9416 YelloW, Ferro 1041 1 Bright (BASF-E) and 9750 Meteor® Plus (blue shade) BroWn Golden YelloW or for toppings only BASF PaliotolTM (BASF-E); L0962HD YelloW. The most preferred yelloW IR re?ective [0138] manganese chromium antimony titanium rutile, pigment is Ferro GEODE® V-9416YelloW, used in a concrete commercially available as pigment broWn 40, such as coloring admixture, topping, dry-shake hardener, or other 7780 Meteor® BroWn (iron and Zinc free) (BASF-E); cementitious system, to achieve the highest possible albedo [0139] manganese tungsten titanium rutiles, commer and SRI values. cially available as pigment broWn 45, 9730 Meteor® [0127] Problems Were encountered When evaluating Ciba Plus High IR BroWn (BASF-E); YelloW 2GTA, a bismuth vanadate pigment. This pigment [0140] Zinc ferrite broWn spinels, commercially avail failed to disperse properly and shoWed an undue effect on able as pigment yelloW 119, GEODE® V-9115 Buff Workability of the topping systems and relatively poor tint (Ferro) and GEODE® 10520 Deep Tan (Ferro); and strength. The compressive strength and other mechanical [0141] Zinc iron chromite broWn spinels, commercially properties of the topping system Were also compromised by available as pigment broWn 33, GEODE® 10363 Dark the use of this pigment. Another yelloW pigment 1270 Dia BroWn (Ferro), BroWn 12 (Shepherd) and BroWn 157 rylideYelloW BASF-E and equivalent diarylide yelloWs from (Shepherd); Sun Were excluded because a topping specimen With this [0142] Zinc manganese chromite spinel, commercially pigment bleached after 6 months of exterior exposure to available as pigment broWn 39, such as 7739 Meteor® sunlight although the masked area did not bleach, indicating Light BroWn (iron free) (BASF-E); UV failure of the pigment in sunlight exposed area. [0143] manganese ferrite broWn spinel, commercially [0128] According to another embodiment of the invention, available as pigment broWn 43, such as Bayferrox a high-SRI cementitious system for beige to broWn concrete BF645-T (Lanxess); US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
[0144] manganese tungsten titanate rutile, commercially V-12600 Camou?age Green (Ferro), V-12604 Camou available as pigment broWn 45, such as 9730 Meteor® ?age Green (Ferro), and Green 410 (Shepherd); Plus High IR BroWn; [0159] cobalt titanate green spinels, commercially avail [0145] buff colored impure rutile titanium dioxide pig able as pigment green 50, such as 9444 Meteor® Plus ment, commercially available as pigment White 6:1, Bright Green (BASF-E), GEODE® V-11633 Kelly such as HITOX Std, HITOX ULX and HITOX SF Green (Ferro), Green 10G663 (Shepherd), Green 223 (TOR); (Shepherd), Green 260 (Shepherd), Heucodur® Green [0146] untreated version TIOPREM CW Beige, C Gray, 5G, (Heubach), and 9444 Meteor® Plus Green, (BASF C BroWn or C Orange impure rutile; E) and [0147] titanium dioxide pigment 6:1 With iron oxide [0160] cobalt nickel Zinc aluminum titanate, commer blends, commercially available as a blend of anatase cially available as pigment green 50, 9444 Meteor® Plus pigment White 6:1, and iron oxides TIOPREM (TOR) Green, (BASF-E) Heucodur® Green 5G, (Heubach), The commercial TIOPREM versions of these pigments Heucodur® Green 5600, (Heubach), Heucodur® Green have Zinc oxide surface treatment for coating use and 654, (Heubach), this ZnO treatment is undesirable for cementitious sys [0161] partially brominated (or halogenated) copper tems. phthalocyanines, such as pigment green 36, such as [0148] Bayferrox BF645-T is a dark broWn pigment Which Green 36 (BASF) and Monolite Green 860 (Heubach) can be formulated to have a someWhat loW but acceptable and many other commercially available sources are minimum SRI depending on dosage and using blends With knoWn to those in the art. higher SRI pigments. [0162] In a preferred embodiment, green high SRI IR [0149] In addition, beige and broWn IR re?ective pigments re?ective concrete coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake may include all of the red orange and yelloW color ranges hardeners, and other cementitious systems are provided. listed above, as Well as pigmentary anatase TiO2 When lighter More preferably, the green high SRI IR re?ective concrete SRI restoring colors are required for a particular application, coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and and to provide the desired IR-re?ective properties. other cementitious systems utiliZe a chromium green-black [0150] In a preferred embodiment, broWn and beige high hematite, such as EclipseTM 10241 Green (Ferro) and option SRI IR re?ective concrete coloring admixtures, toppings, ally a cobalt titanate green spinel, such as V-11633 Kelly dry-shake hardeners, and other cementitious systems are pro Green (Ferro), cobalt chromite green spinels, such as vided. More preferably, the broWn and beige concrete color V-12600 Camo Green (Ferro) and V-12604 Camo Green ing admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and other (Ferro), and chromium green-black modi?ed, such as cementitious systems utiliZe manganese antimony titanium V-12650 Cool ColorsTM Green (Ferro) to achieve a range of buff rutiles, more speci?cally, GEODE® 10550 BroWn green colors With high albedo and SRI values. The most (Ferro), and optionally a chrome antimony buff rutile, more preferred green high SRI IR re?ective concrete coloring speci?cally, GEODE® 10411 Bright Golden YelloW (Ferro) admixtures, toppings, dry- shake hardeners, and other cemen and anatase to achieve a range of broWn to beige colors With titious systems use light green colors from cobalt chromite high albedo and SRI values. green spinels, such as FerroV-12600 Camo Green to achieve [0151] According to another embodiment of the invention, the highest possible albedo and SRI values. high-SRI cementitious systems for green concrete coloring [0163] According to another embodiment of the invention admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and other cemen high-SRI cementitious systems for blue concrete coloring titious systems are provided. These high-SRI cementitious admixtures, toppings, dry- shake hardeners, and other cemen systems have green IR re?ective pigments. Preferably, the titious systems r are provided. These high-SRI concrete col green IR re?ective pigments have a minimum value of 60% oring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and other re?ectance at 1000 nm. cementitious systems utiliZe blue IR re?ective pigments. [0152] The green IR re?ective pigments that provide the Preferably, the blue IR re?ective pigments have a minimum desired IR-re?ective properties may include one or more of value of 50% re?ectance at 1000 nm. the folloWing pigments: [0164] The blue IR re?ective pigments that provide the [0153] chlorinated copper phthalocyanine greens, such desired IR-re?ective properties in the cementitious systems as pigment green 7, many commercially available may include one or more of the folloWing pigments: sources are knoWn to those in the art; [0165] cobalt aluminate blue spinels, commercially [0154] chromium green-black hematites, commercially available as pigment blue 28, such as GEODE® V-9236 available as pigment green 17, such as GEODE® 10241 Blue (Ferro), GEODE® V 9250 Bright Blue (Ferro), EclipseTM IR (Forest) Green (Ferro), 3955 Chrome GEODE® 10446 Bright Blue (Ferro), 300591 (Shep Oxide Green (BASF-E); herd), Blue 300588 (Shepherd), Blue 214 (Shepherd), [0155] chromium green-black modi?ed pigments, such Blue 385 (Shepherd), Blue 424 (Shepherd), Blue as GEODE® V-12650 Cool ColorsTM Green (Ferro); 10K525 (Shepherd), Blue 10G594 (Shepherd), 7540 [0156] chromium oxides, commercially available as pig Meteor® Plus Cobalt Blue (BASF-E), and 9546 ment green 17, such as G-4099 Chromium oxide green Meteor® Plus Cobalt Blue (BASF-E), Heucodur® Blue (Elementis), Green 17 (Elementis), 3955 Chromium 550 (Heubach), Heucodur® Blue 552 (Heubach) and Green Oxide, (BASF-E); Heucodur® Blue 2R (Heubach), [0157] cobalt chromite blue-green spinels, commer [0166] cobalt chromite blue-green spinels, commer cially available as pigment blue 36, Green 187 B (Shep cially available as pigment blue 36, such as GEODE® herd) and Green 201 (Shepherd); V-9242 Ocean Blue (Ferro), GEODE® V-9248 Ocean [0158] cobalt chromite green spinels, commercially Blue (Ferro), GEODE® F-5686 Turquoise (Ferro), Blue available as pigment green 26, such as GEODE® 300527 (Shepherd), Blue 211 (Shepherd), Blue 212 US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010 10
(Shepherd), 9538 Meteor® Plus Blue G, (BASF-E) Evonik Degussa Corporation, Alpharetta, Ga. or other Heucodur® Blue 5-100 (Heubach), Heucodur® Blue micro?ne nano-siZed TiO2 anatase grades. 4G (Heubach), and Heucodur® Blue 555 (Heubach), [0175] The loss of re?ectivity of White, and even gray to a Heucodur® Blue 559 (Heubach), lesser extent, portland cement concrete over time has been [0167] cobalt chromium aluminum spinel, commer reported, for example in, American Concrete Pavement Asso cially available as pigment blue 36, 9538 Meteor® Plus ciation, R & T Report, June 2005, Where White portland Blue G (BASF-E), cement concrete is reported as having an albedo of 0.70-0.80 [0168] cobalt chromium Zinc aluminate spinels, com When neW, but dropping to 0.40-0.60 When aged. Ordinary mercially available as pigment blue 36: 1, such as 7590 gray portland cement concrete Will also drop in re?ectance Meteor® Cerulean Blue (BASF-E), over time. [0176] Additional functional ?llers include White metaka [0169] cobalt lithium titanate green spinels, commer olin, such as Burgess OptipoZZ® (Burgess Pigments, Sand cially available as pigment green 50, such as 9530 ersville, Ga.), BASF Metamax® (BASF-E), Metastar® 450 Meteor® Plus Teal Blue (BASF-E), (Imerys Corporation, Atlanta, Ga.) and various White diato [0170] copper phthalocyanine, commercially available maceous earth products such as Dia?l® 2000 or Celite® for as pigment blue 15:3 and pigment blue 15:1, pigment Concrete, C4C, (World Minerals, Lompoc, Calif.). The incor blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:3 and pigment blue 15:4, poration of barium sulfate increases the albedo of the surface several manufacturers, such as BASF and Heubach; and material While enabling use of darker IR re?ective pigments many other commercially available sources are knoWn since it has loW tint strength. Elotex® ERA 100 (National to those in the art; and Starch Corp., BridgeWater, N.J.), an e?llorescence reducing [0171] indanthrones, commercially available as pigment admixture, Was also found to reduce the effects of White blue 60, such as PaliotolTMBlue L6495 F (BASF), Indan discoloration of dark colored IR re?ective systems. Other throne Blue (BASF). ?llers such as nepheline syenite (Minex, a Unimin product), [0172] In a preferred embodiment, blue high-SRI IR re?ec aluminum trihydroxide or tabular alumina (Almatis), White tive concrete coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hard quartz (Unimin, NeW Canaan, Conn.), calcium carbonate eners, and other cementitious systems are provided. More (Omya or Imerys) and White ceramic microspheres (Zeeo preferably, the blue IR re?ective cementitious systems are spheres®, White grades, 3M Corp, Minneapolis, Minn.), Vit concrete coloring admixtures, toppings or dry-shake color ri?ed Calcium Aluminosilicate, VCAS®, (Vitro Minerals, hardeners that utiliZe blue-aqua IR Re?ective pigments, Atlanta, Ga.) and White Silica Fume (Elkem Materials, Pitts including, cobalt chromite blue-green spinels, such as V-9248 burgh, Pa. or Technical Silica, Atlanta, Ga.) can be used to Ocean Blue (Ferro), F5686 Turquoise (Ferro) and optionally improve the overall re?ectivity of cementitious materials. cobalt aluminum spinels, such as V-9250 Bright Blue (Ferro), [0177] In a preferred embodiment, gray, light gray, dark Ferro V-9236 Blue (Ferro), and 10446 Bright Blue (Ferro) to gray and bright White high-SRI IR re?ective concrete color achieve a range of blue to aqua colors With high albedo and ing admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, and other SRI values. The most preferred blue-aqua IR re?ective pig cementitious systems are provided. More preferably, the gray, ments are cobalt chromite blue-green spinels in blue-green light gray, dark gray and bright White high-SRI IR re?ective colors, such as V-9248 Ocean Blue or 13-5686 Turquoise to concrete coloring admixtures, toppings, dry-shake hardeners, achieve the highest possible albedo and SRI values. and other cementitious systems utiliZe IR re?ective pigments [0173] According to another embodiment of the invention, in the a dark gray to White color range. Such systems may high-SRI cementitious systems for dark gray to light gray and include pigments and pigment blends such as: pastel shades or White concrete coloring admixtures, top [0178] infrared re?ective black pigments, a proprietary pings, dry-shake hardeners, and other cementitious systems composition such as GEODE 10202 EclipseTM Black (Ferro); for are provided. These high-SRI dark gray to light gray and [0179] chromium green-black hematites, commercially pastel shades or White use gray to White IR re?ective pig available as pigment green 17, such as V-775 Cool ColorsTM ments. Preferably, the gray to White IR re?ective pigments IR BroWn Black (Ferro); have a minimum value of 60% re?ectance at 1000 nm. [0180] pigmentary anatase White; and [0174] The range of gray to White concrete coloring admix [0181] chrome antimony titanium buff rutiles, commer tures, IR re?ective pigments that provide the desired IR cially available as pigment broWn 24, such as 10411 Golden re?ective properties may include one or more of any of the YelloW (Ferro). above referenced pigments but in generally loWer dosage [0182] Light colors, such as light gray may be made With rates and in combination With untreated pigment or photo anatase TiO2 and one or more IR re?ective black pigments or catalytic grade anatase TiO2 to provide SRI-restoring func pastel colors With anatase TiO2 and other IR re?ective pig tion upon exposure to UV radiation (from sunlight) and mois ments normally in White portland cement concretes or mor ture. This SRI-restoring property is important in maintaining tars. These cementitious systems offer the highest TSR (al the high solar re?ectivity (albedo) of the surface. The loss of bedo) and SRI values that can be achieved With the SRI over time With light colored pavements has been cited as technology described herein. The anatase TiO2 has been a signi?cant problem. This novel use of anatase TiO2 in pas determined to provide an SRI restoring characteristic, upon tels or even some dark concrete coloring admixtures or exposure to UV light and moisture, that Will help to maintain cementitious systems for colored pavements can minimize the high TSR (albedo) and SRI of the surface When exposed the loss of SRI over time. Variations of this SRI restoring to soiling from soot, dirt, plant matter and other staining function Would include the use of photocatalytic (ultra?ne) materials. TiO2, generally of loW tint-strength and/or non-pigmentary [0183] White portland cement is preferred for formulating particle siZe anatase TiO2 such Ishihara ST-01 or MC-50, ISK the high-albedo IR re?ective cementitious toppings and dry Ishihara, San Francisco, Calif. and Aeroxide® TiO2 P 25, shake hardeners of the invention. Since these cementitious US 2010/0212552 A1 Aug. 26, 2010
toppings and dry-shake hardeners only color the top 1/s to 1/2 aggregates, ?llers, and admixtures. The high SR1 cementi inch of the treated concrete and they are a very cost effective tious toppings may be comprised of a base and a color pack Way to use commonly available gray portland cement con Which are mixed With Water and are typically spread or crete and still provide very high albedo or SR1 and also sprayed onto existing concrete and then troWeled, broomed or achieve colors that cannot normally be made in gray concrete imprinted to the desired surface texture. such as bright yelloW or White. [0190] According to another embodiment, the infrared [0184] SecarTM 71 (KerneosTM, Chesapeake, Va.) or Alma re?ective pigments are used in a high-SR1 cementitious sys tis CA25 (Almatis Alumina, Leetsdale, Pa.), White calcium tem comprising a concrete coloring composition. According aluminate cements, can be used as Well in some formulations. to this embodiment, one or more infrared re?ective pigments [0185] White portland cement can be used in all of these are combined With a cementitious matrix to form a high SR1 high albedo and high-SR1 topping or high SR1 dry-shake concrete coloring composition. The concrete coloring com hardener formulations as Will be understood by those of skill position may be prepared in dry form With the ?nal mixing in the art by reference to this disclosure. Ground Granulated Water to be added by the end user. According to this embodi Blast Furnace Slag Cement (GGBFS), or simply slag cement, ment, other materials of the ?nal product such as aggregate is also light in color and can be blended and used in high may also be added to the cementitious system by the end user, albedo toppings and dry-shake hardeners, hoWever, early or may be pre-packaged With the other components of the strengths may be reduced signi?cantly but ultimate strengths cementitious system according to the invention. Such color Will generally be higher. Alkali activated slag cement can also ing compositions include prepackaged dry concrete mixtures be used to overcome the loW early strength issues. for application to poured concrete in a tWo-course construc [0186] According to the invention, the infrared re?ective tion method or for other conventional cast-in-place concrete, pigments are used in high-SR1 cementitious systems, such as lightWeight concrete, and pervious concrete. concrete coloring admixtures, or other compositions contain [0191] According to another embodiment, the infrared ing a cementitious matrix, such as dry-shake hardeners, con re?ective pigments are used to make high-SR1 conventional crete toppings, or concrete coloring composition. cast-in-place concrete. According to this embodiment, the [0187] In one embodiment, the infrared re?ective pigments conventional (i.e., normal) cast-in-place concrete is formu are used in a high-SR1 cementitious system comprising a lated by others from cementitious materials including one or concrete coloring admixture. According to this embodiment, more: cements, coarse aggregates, ?ne aggregates, and other one or more infrared re?ective pigments are used as integral cementitious materials such as poZZolans, ?llers, ?y ash, slag, pigmenting SR1 compliant products and can be either pack admixtures, coloring admixtures. The IR re?ective pigments aged in dry form or in liquid form. Preferably, the concrete according to the invention are added to conventional cast-in coloring admixtures of the invention comprise one or more place concrete products by the end user to create a high-SR1 infrared re?ective pigments and a Water reducing agent. The conventional cast-in-place concrete. The high-SR1 conven concrete coloring admixtures are further used an in integral tional concrete is then placed and consolidated according to concrete coloring system, Where the concrete coloring knoWn practices in the concrete industry. The high-SR1 cast admixture is combined With a portland cement concrete. The in-place concrete may then be ?nished according to standard concrete coloring admixture can be used With gray portland industry practices, Which include but are not limited to a cement concrete but can be also used With White portland troWel ?nish or broom ?nish of the concrete surface, or by cement concrete to provide very high SR1 and clean, vibrant imprinting the surface in a multitude of available patterns to colors that are not commercially available by use of the same provide the desired surface texture. colors With gray portland cement concrete. [0192] According to another embodiment, the infrared [0188] According to another embodiment, the infrared re?ective pigments are used to make high-SR1 lightWeight re?ective pigments are used in a high-SR1 cementitious sys concrete, i.e., concrete having an in-place density betWeen tem comprising a dry-shake hardener. According to this about 90 to about 115 lb/ft3, as compared to normal Weight embodiment, one or more infrared re?ective pigments are concrete Which has a density betWeen about 140 to 150 lb/ft3 . combined With a cementitious matrix to form a high SR1 Structural lightWeight concrete can be used to reduce the dead dry-shake color hardener. Preferably, the dry-shake color load of a building structure. When the high SR1 infrared hardener is formulated from one or more infrared re?ective re?ective pigments according to the invention are used in a pigments, and other cementitious materials, such as cement, lightWeight concrete, the result of the concrete coloring admixtures, and select graded silica aggregates (sands). As is admixtures provides increased albedo and SR1, resulting in a knoWn in the art, dry-shake color hardener products are “cool” concrete, Which also is aesthetically pleasing, and is a applied to freshly-placed concrete by broadcasting the mate desirable building material. According to this embodiment, rial evenly over a Wet concrete surface, alloWing Wet-out, then the high-SR1 lightWeight concrete is formulated by others Working the applied material into the surface and then ?nish from cementitious materials including one or more: cements, ing the concrete normally. lightWeight or normal Weight coarse aggregates, lightWeight [0189] According to another embodiment, the infrared ?ne aggregates and/or regular Weight ?ne aggregates, and re?ective pigments are used in a high-SR1 cementitious sys other cementitious materials such as poZZolans, ?llers, ?y tem comprising a cement topping. According to this embodi ash, slag, preformed foam in some cases, admixtures and one ment, one or more infrared re?ective pigments are combined or more infrared re?ective pigments of this invention. The With a cementitious matrix to form a high SR1 cementitious high-SR1 lightWeight concrete products may be comprised of topping. The high SR1 cementitious toppings can be used as a a concrete mixture and a high SR1 concrete coloring admix thin (up to 1/2 inch) application to hardened concrete. Prefer ture, in either dry or slurry form containing 1R re?ective ably, the high SR1 toppings are formulated from one or more pigments according to the invention. The high-SR1 light infrared re?ective pigments and other cementitious materials, Weight concrete is then placed, consolidated, ?nished and such as cements, poZZolans, redispersible polymers, ?ne cured according to knoWn techniques in the concrete industry.