•
IUSfORICAL RESEAROi REPORT 1HE MANGUM FAMILY W1ETERY Durham County, North CaTolina
• by Michael Hill 4 January 1984
• • INTROrucrION On November 5, 1983 , the Durham County Sheriffs Department received
a report of a grave-robbing in the northern part of the county. The
incident took place in the r-Iangwn family cemetery, isolated in the woods
off Hampton Road just north of the Bahama corrmuni ty. The graveyard is located about one-quarter mile southwest of the former site of Walnut Hall,
the nineteenth-century homeplace of Willie Person Mangum, who represented
North Carolina in the United States Senate for eight een years and served
as that body' s president from 1842 to 1845. Judge Mangum, as he was known,
rests in the family plot as does Stephen Beauregard Weeks, husband of
Mangum I 5 granddaughter and noted North Carolina his tOTian. However J the only one of the ten graves in the family cemetery to be disturbed was that
of Wil l iam Preston Mangum, son of Willie Person ~t1ngum and one of the first • North Carolinians to die in the Civil War . As his marker makes clear, young Mangum , a second lieutenant in the Sixth Regiment, died from wOlDlds received at the First Battle of t.1anassas in July 1861. The recent visitors to the cemetery, presumably acting on the basis of the detailed infonnation on the
marker, had completel y excavated his remains and strewn parts of the coffin,
bones, hair, and pieces of his unifoTIn about the sit e. Notable about their
actions was the fact that the buttons had been taken from the unifoTIn J indi cating a possible motive, though certainly no justification, for this appal ling deed. Recent legislation makes such an act a felony under North Carolina law.
On December 8, 1983 , a detective with the sheriffs department contacted the Division of Archives and History. Although not strictly within the pur • view of ~ tfris ,agency, given the historic nature of the cemetery and the 2
lmusual circumstances of the incident, two members of the staff J Mark ~fathis • of the Archaeology Branch and the present writer J went to the site the following day. By that time some of the remains had been pushed back int o
the open grave, now partially filled with water. Part of what remained on
top was picked up and returned to Raleigh for further inspection. Since
that time responsibility for reintennent has been assumed by the medical
examiner' of Durham COlmty with the assistance and cotmSel of the Division
of Archives and History and of surviving Mangtml descendants.
The aims of this report, therefore, are threefold: 1) to fix the con
text by noting the significance of Willie P. Mangum and his family, with particular attention given to their homestead, Walnut Hall (the five volumes of Mangum papers published by this agency in the 1950s were of great help
in this respect); 2) to compile all available information on William Preston Mangum; and 3) to trace and identify descendants of Willie P. Mangum and • document the present ownership of the cemetery tract. The neglect and vandalism of the home site and particularly of the graves is certainly
a shame , one which might in some small way be rectified by this report
and by subsequent attention to the .Mangum property .
• 3
North carolina has produced (or claimed) three men who served in the • nation's highest office. The lives and deeds of Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk , and Andrew Johnson have received considerable attention by subsequent generations of North Carolinians . Less attention, however, has gone to
those native sons who have served in the next highest offices . Will iam Rufus King, who served as vice-president in 1853. is little noted nor l ong
remembered by scholars or school children. A similar fate has befallen Willie Person Mangum , who served as president pro tempore of the United States Senate from 1842 to 1845, and by his office was third in l ine for
the Presidency (and was in fact , second in line during a period when the Vice-Presidency was vacant) ,
Willie Person Mangum (10 May 1792-7 September 1861) was typical of the leaders of Jacksonian America who rose to their positions of power from backgrOlmds of little or nothing. Although it is trite to say so, Mangum • never lost the common touch, remaining an unassuming and LUlpretentious sort, as demonstrated by the fact that he refused to move from the famil y home
stead t o Raleigh or even to Hillsborough. Mangum was bOTIl to Willie Person
Mangum (who died 1837) and Catharine Davis Mangum, who lived approximately
a half-mil e from what l ater became Walnut Hall. Judge Mangum 's grandfather,
Arthur Mangum , according t o a family tradition, had chosen to settle in the Flat River area rather than nearer present day Durham because he believed the fonner location afforded him less chance of chills and fever. The
young Willie Person Mangun , his father 'S namesake , was educated at home and
at academies in Hillsborough, Fayetteville, and Raleigh. In 1815 he was
graduated from the University of North Carolina (he received an honorary degree from the institution in 1845) . Following graduation Mangum studied • law with his Orange County friend and neighbor Duncan cameron. While there 4
he tutored cameron 's children. In 1817 Mangum was admitted to the bar.2 • In the following year Mangt.mI was elected to the State House of COITIIlOIlS , the first step in his political career. In 1819 he became a judge in the State Superior Court, serving only one year due to financial problems but
acquiring the title of "Judge Mangum," which would stick with him. Mangum ' s
first national office came in 1823 with his election to the United States
House of Representatives , where he served. two tenns. After serving again
as a judge Mangum ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senat e in 1828 .
At the next election he was successful in his try for the Senate where he
served from 1830 to 1837 and from 1840 to 1853. Originally a Jacksonian
Democrat , Mangum broke with Jackson over the Force Bill of 1833. In 1837 he resigned his Senate seat due to a disagreement with the state legislature. After a single term in the State Senate he returned to national office. By
this time Mangum bad aligned himself with the Whig Party and in 1840 was • offered but declined a position on the Whig ticket headed by Henry Clay. During his second Senate term Mangum became president pro tempore of the
body. He served in that position from May 31, 1842 to March 4, 1845. During part of that period, following John Tyler ' s succession to the Presidency upon William Henry Harrison 's death, the Vice-Presidency was
vacant and Mangum, by virtue of his office, was second in line to the
nation I 5 highest office . As leader of the Senate Mangum was said t o be an effective debater, an asute political leader, and a man of great personal
cham and magnetism. In 1852 Mangum was defeated in his bid for a fourth Senate tenn.3 The details of Mangum ' s political career are well-chronicled; less wel l
known are details about his private life. On September 3D , 1819, Manp, • the yOlD1.g lawyer and newly-chosen judge, married Charity Alston Cain (16 5
February 1795-15 Mar'h 1873) , daughter of William Cain, a wealthy Hillsborough • planter. The new Mrs . ~1angtun was Episcopalian and raised her children as such. Her husband, though not particularly religious, joined that church after their marriage. 4 The first four of their five children were daughters.
The five were , in order of birth: Sallie Alston (1824-1896); Martha Person
("Pattie") (1828-1902) ; Catherine Davis, who died in infancy; Mary Suther
land (1832-1902); and William Preston (1837-1861).5
Walnut Hall , as Mangum 's seat was known, was eventually enlarged to
accOllJl1odate the growing family. Willie P. ~1angtun had received the land plus
a ca. 1800 house from his father . This early house became the rear ell of
a large Federal-style front section constructed in the 18405. Begtm in 1842
and completed in 1845, this larger house was more suited to a man with the position and standing of ~1angum. 6 In style it was similar to Fairntosh, the
home of his Orange ColDlty neighbor IAmcan Cameron. Mangum disregarded the • advice of those who recommended that he leave the homestead and move to a city. Instead he built an office (eventually replaced by a second office) on the grounds of his estate. Other outbuildings included the kitchen directly behind the rear ell , an icehouse, smokehouse, carriage driver'S house, and various barns and cribs. In 1860 there were three slavehouses
on Mangum t S .property. The estate was named for two large walnut trees which stood as recently as the 19505 but have fallen in recent years . Vestiges
of other plantings and landscaping, including a boxwood-lined walkway, a 7 row of cedars, a rose garden, and an orchard may still be seen at the place. The three slavehouses in 1860 would have easily acconrnodated Mangun's
twelve slaves, a ruunber that had dropped frOOl twenty in 1850 . During the
1850s Mangtun owned 600 acres with a value of $3,000. About half of that • was kept in cultivation, mostly in wheat and corn but with a sizable plant------
6
ing of tobacco by 1860. In that year ~langum kept two dozen cows, a ha1f • dozen horses, fifty hogs, and fifteen sheep.S On the whole his agricul tural pursuits were considerable for a man whose public career kept him
away from the farm for much of the year. Still, there was a general slack ing off in the size of the farm by 1860, as measured by the number of acres
in cultivation and the number of slaves, due to Mangum's poor health. After
he left the Senate in 1853 at the age of sixty-one, Mangum suffered a series of strokes which left him partially paralyzed and unable to speak, left to
corrmunieate by writing on a slate. Still, the retired politician did not lose interest in national affairs, regularly reading the newspapers, and
rapping the floor with his cane when an editorial particularly displeased him. 9 In his disability the operation of the farm was left to his wife, daughters, and son.
William Preston ~langum (13 July 1837-28 July 1861) was the family's • sole male heir and, from all accounts , the "apple of his father ' S eye." The young Mangum was named for William Preston of South Carolina, the senior
Mangum's closest friend in the Senate. His education was in many respects
similar to his father I S. He attended three preparatory schools in Orange
County led by Thomas Horner, William Graves, and J. A. Dean. His father
inquired ahout his son I s well-being and progress in school in practically
every let ter home from Washington. In 1848 the ten-year-old Mangwn spent
six months in the capital city with his father. The senator outfitted him
in a new cloak, vest, and cap LUltil he was "quite like a dandy." YOLUlg
Mangum was cared for by Louis Thompson, his father'S servant, and attended
school with. the children of other congressmen. The new surroundings were
apparently to his liking. In April 1848 Paul Cameron, son of Duncan Cameron, • wrote to Clarity .Mangum, "I leaIn from the Judge that Preston has quite a 7
fancy for life in Washington City: and that he is in no haste to return IIIO • to his native hills in Orange. In January 1855 William Preston Mangum enrolled at the University of
North Carolina , his father 1 s alma mat er, writing home that he "like[d1 Olapel Hill much better than I expected." It appears that YOtmg Mangum may have partaken of the usual undergraduate revelry a bit too much for his
own good . His first l etters home, from his room in #12 Old West, contained
the usual pleas for money. A subsequent letter aIUlmmced that he had joined
a recently-chartered cl ub, bel ieved to be the Delta Phi fraternity, a chap
ter of which was established at the Lmiversity in 1855. The following year
he annotIDced his intentions to join the Dialectic Society, though in this case the organization was not altogether a social one and its effect should
not have been detrimental. In any case in June 1857 young MangtUIlts report
card home showed that he had been absent fram prayer thirty-four times, • from recitation twenty-six times, and from worship five times, only a few of those absences being excused due to i llness . AI though his grades were
said to be average, his father was given to understand that he was not
performing up to his capabilities. David L. Swain , president of the
university, wrote to Wi llie P. Mangum , lilt is to be regretted that Mr.
~fangum will not pay a closer attenti on to his text books ," continuing in
the note attached t o the list of his grades and absences , lilt woul d reward
him well for he has parts capable of receiving such a reward. "II Whether
it was due to this poor report or to the fact that, due to his father ' s
health, he was needed at home, Preston Mangum did not return to the uni-
versity. Personally the young Mangum is said to have been by character
modest, reserved, generous and unselfish. His cousin AdOlphus W. Mangum • wrot e some years later that "he was never demonstrative, but he was true. ,,12
'------8
Willie P. ~tangum had a reputation in the Senate as a conciliator and • a peaceful man. Thus this offer in 1846 to voltmteer the services of his nine-year old son to fight in an anticipated war with t-tex.ico seems out
of character. He wrote, "I have not heard whether [my] boy William has
volunteered--I think, he is too yOlDlg, yet if Mr. Piper [his tutor] thinks othenrise he is a vohmteer, let him go to the War. ,,13 The elder Mangum
remained a Unionist up to the outbreak of the Civil War but, with the
secession of the state he had so long served J he tel t compelled to support
the Confederate cause, and sent his son to join the fighting . On ~iay 1,
1861, William Preston f.tangum was mustered as a private into CooIpany B of the Sixth Regiment North carolina Infantry, known as the "Flat River Guards.,,14
Each man in his company was issued two shirts, two pairs of pants, two pairs
of socks, two,tandkerchiefsJ one flannel shirt, one coat, and a blanket . Mangum wrote to his sister Martha in June 1861 asking that a mattress be • sent to him and a month later asked that he be sent fifteen or twenty dollars as he had just bought a sword. The company was stationed for a
time at "Durhams" and then for several weeks at Company Shcr.s (present-day Burlington) before they saw any action.IS
On June 30, 1861, Robert Webb J captain of Company B, wrote to Martha
~fangum to a.nnOtmce that "after considerable effort" he had succeeded in gaining for her brother a coomission as a second lieutenant. "I know it
will gladden your father's heart," Webb wrote J praising young Mangum as "one of the best soldiers in our company never shrinking from any duty
and always at his post." Yet Captain Webb made it clear that the appoint
ment owed as nruch to the accomplishments of the elder Mangum as the yotmger.
'~n we asked for it in the name of one of North Carolina'S greatest States • men the appeal was irresistible. ,,16 Mangum was one of seven lieutenants in 9
Company B, among them several of his neighbors ,17 On his last visit home • before his company departed for Virginia, Mangum asked his sister for a smaller Bible to carry in his breastpocket. She in turn relayed his re
quest to their cousin Adolphus W. Mangum, telling him "Bibles have turned
balls and may do so again," As fate would have it A. W. Mangum could not secure a small volume and his cousin went into battle with his larger Bible tucked inside his coat.iS The Sixth Regiment, under the capable leadership of former state legis- lator Charles Fisher, was the first of North Carolina's regiments to be
readied for the field. Their initial engagement with Union forces came in
late July at Manassas, the first major confiict of the war. Colonel Fisher
was killed as the Confederates routed their opposition. Near the close of
the fighting Lieutenant t-tangwn, pausing to regain his strength and resting
beside a captured c3IU1on, was struck in the chest by Union fire.19 The <- • Bible deflected the shot but the wound was a grivous one. This is the report Captain Webb sent to Mangum ' s parents:
It is my sad duty to infonn you that Preston was badly wounded but not dangerous- -he owes his life to a Bible he had in his bosom the ball did not enter, the Surgeons assure me he will get well--I can testify to his galantry, he was one of few who charged Shennans Battery. and took it he was standing by me at the time at the Gun when he was shot-- .every thing here is in glorious confusion. 20
A. W. Mangum portrayed his cousin I s action on the field in a similar light,
stating that he had "with waving sword and thrilling voice, cheered and ral
lied the heroic co1l.D1Dl as it staggered before the fiery stann. ,,21
Initial reports relayed to Walnut Hall assured the Mangums that their
son and brother would survive. The Reverend John McManning and Simon carrington,
both in the field with the regiment, sent word that he would recover. Letters • to and from Walnut Hall, both written on July 25, crossed in the mail. Preston 10
P.1angtml, tmder medical care at the Louisa Courthouse in Vi rginia, wrote his sister Martha :
• am in I badly wOlIDded with a grapeshot the left breast • . . but I have been well attended t o and am much better • . • The battle was a very hard fought one--but the yankees were whipped . • . Send me some money If you can I am entirely out . . . I hope I shall see you all once more . 22 Martha Mangum wrote her brother on the same day:
. . • I cannot express the intensity of our anxiety in regard to you--Yet, another day or two must relieve i t or confirm our worst fear . 'Tis a glorious cause in which to die!--but 23 may we not trust that our only one will be spar ed t o us? . . Martha Mangum and her sister Mary were in fact preparing to make their way t o Virginia when word arrived that their worst fears had indeed been r eal-
ized. Due to a shortage of clean bandages and the onset of gangrene, their
brother died on July 28. His last hours were spent reciting Scripture and
in devout prayer, according to A. W. Mangtml ' s accotmt. As death neared, however, he was "~et1y, strangely cal.m.,,24 • The body was shipped to Hillsborough where it was met by a large crowd.
Willie Person ~1angum , sixty-nine years old in 1861, waited on the porch of
Walnut Hall for his son ' s remains, then chose a spot 500 yar ds southwes t
of the house for his final resting place. He is said to have been deeply
affected by the l oss of his son. Long in declining health the elder ~1angun
died six weeks later, on September 7, 1861. He was buried alongside his 25 son. The inventory of Mangtun ' s property drawn up late in 1861 showed
that he had four adult s l aves , who were sold for just over $4 , 500 . Three
baIllS of tobacco as well as some corn, wheat, and fodder plus l ivestock and
tools were exposed to public sale in November. Clarity ~1angtun and her three
daughters as primary heirs retained: the real estate, house, and furnishings
as well as some servants, livestock, and fann implements. 26 In two footnotes • to the tragic events of 1861 the Confederate States of America in November 11
remitted to Charity ~langum $120.33 due her son. In January 1862 one of 27 • Preston Mangtml ' s fellow officers sent ~1a.rtha Mangum his unifonn coat. There have been since 1861 a number of memorials to the Mangums J both
father and son. Following the death of the senior ~langum the state legis 1a-
ture and many state newspapers offered words of corrmemoration. When a new
county was fonned from Orange in 1881 there was apparently some sentiment to name it for Mangum . Instead Durham was chosen but one of its townships is
named for t-1angum . The community nearest t o the Mangum homeplace, settled
about 1880 and known for a time as thmkadora and later as Balltown, was eventually renamed Bahama , for three locally prominent families, Ball,
Harris, and Mangtun.28 In 1884 Kemp Battle, president of the University of North carolina, wrote to l-1artha and J.tary Mangum , proposing that cOIII11emorative
markers for their father and brother be placed. in the University' s Memorial
Hall. Battle offered them a diScOlmt rate of $150 for both markers (generally • the markers were $125 each) . The University continues to honor the family name in other ways. The Willie Person Mangum Medal in Oratory, est ablished
by the senator' s daughter s in 1878 , is awarded on an annual basis. A
donnitory built in the 19205 is named for Mangum . 29 In 1929 a bronze marker
to the elder Mangum was erected by the Durahm-Orange Historical Commission
and North carolina Historical Coomission. In 1940 a standardized highway
historical marker superseded the older bronze plaque, which was ooved to the Willie Person ~ High School (now an elementary school) in Bahama . 30 New tombstones were placed on the graves in the Mangum cemetery by descendants
of the family in the 19405. Although the cemetery and Walnut Hall site have
been largely neglected in recent years , the contributions of Willie Person
Mangum have not been altogether forgotten locally. In May 1980 the Historic • Preservation Society of Durham honored him at their annual banquet.3l 12
After the deaths of William Preston Mangwn and Willie Person ~1an.gum , • the t-1angum women lived alone at Walnut Hall. Despite the fact that some of the slaves and fann tools had been sold in 1861, they continued to fann the
plantation. In 1864 Charity Cain MangtUJI paid taxes on the land, then total
ing about 2, SOD acres, as well as three pianos, other household fuTIli ture
valued at $500 , three houses, eight cows J and thirteen hogs . The Mangum
daughters, Martha and Mary J during the war and for some time thereafter,
conducted a select school for young ladies at Walnut Hall. 32 Cliarity t-1angum
died March 15 J 1873, at the age of seventy-eight. Hers became the third grave
in the hillside cemetery. The following year the Mangum daughters sol d 100
acres of their estate t o their neighbor Zachariah T. Hampton . In 1891 they
sold Hampton another sixty-eight acres but retained their home and the greater
part of the farm. 33 Throughout the rest of the nineteenth century the place
was identified with the daughters. A map of Durham County prepared ca. 1880 • shows "The Misses Mangum--Old Homestead of W. P. Mangum. ,, 34 Of Mangum ' s three daughters two never married. Mary and Martha Mangum
lived at Walnut Hall all their lives. The third, Sallie, in 1851 married
Martin W. Leach (1806 -1869) of Randolph County. Thus the Mangum line has
come down only through the Leaches . Martin and Sallie Leach had three chil
dren, all daughters, named Mary, Sallie, and Arurie . Mary Alma Leach married
Julian Augustine Turner of Greensboro. They had five daughters and two sons.
Of the daughters only one married, but she had no children. The only one of
the sons who married was Willie Person f'.1angum Turner, born in 1877 . Turner,
who wed Lucy Baldwin in 1905 had two children, Willie Person Mangum 'furner,
Jr., who died unmarried at a yotmg age , and f'.1arion 'furner, who married Sam
James and presently lives in Raleigh. Marion James and her daughter Lucy
of Alexandria, Virginia, are thus the only direct heirs of the Mangums. 13
Sallie Leach married Stephen Beauregard Weeks, noted North Carolina historian • and bibliophile. The marriage was the second one for Weeks, who had a son, Robertson, by his first wife. Stephen and Sallie Weeks had two children,
Sallie and ~langum, but neither of them, both of whom died in the 19705, left
any heirs. The third child of Martin and Sallie Leach , their daughter Arurie, never married. 35 Sallie Leach died on October 14, 1896, and was buried alongside her
mother in the family cemetery. Her sisters died within just over a week of
one another in January 1902, Mary on New Yearts Day and r-lartha on January 9. The next family members to be added to the graveyard were Stephen B. Weeks and
his wife Sallie, who died on May 3, 1918, and ~tarch 21, 1934, respectively.
Armie Preston Leach, who died on December 19 J 1942 J was the next to be buried
in the cemetery. The most recent grave, one which remains tmmarked, is that of Sallie Preston Weeks, daughter of Stephen and Sallie Weeks, who died around • 1978. She is the fourth generation of the Mangum line to be buried in the cemetery.
Following the deaths of Mary and Martha ~gum a trustee for the estate
was appointed in February 1902. Thomas H. Battle of Rocky Motmt, owing to default on an unpaid note, placed the entire estate, including Walnut Hall,
on public auction. William B. Hampton of the neighboring Hampton family
was the buyer with a bid of $3,850 for the 565 acres. Notably, the transfer
to Hampton excluded "one acre embracing and covering the family grave yard
upon said premises the said acre being rectangular having for its centre the
head of the grave of the late W. P. Mangum . II That one acre was reserved to
the ~ heirs, identified in 1902 as Annie Preston Leach of Guilford County 36 and Sallie Weeks of Washington. The Hamptons, William and his wife Katherine,
lived in the house Wltil about 1916, when they moved to nearby Bragtown. Tenants • occupied the house after that time. 37
L ______.. __ . _ J 14
In 1929 J when the bronze marker was placed on the Roxboro Road (now • US 501) near the Bahama Road intersection, Walnut Hall was said to be "only a shadow of its fonner magnificence ." White columns on the front of the
house had been r eplaced by an ordinary front porch. The "tumbled-down grave yard" was in poor shape with a marker only on the grave of Willie Person
~1angum . 38 Presunably by this date some of the outbuildings which stood in the nineteenth century had fallen. A sketch prepared for the mult i-volume
edition of ?-1angurn 's lett ers in the 19505 shows a munber of outbuildings on
the property only one of which, a shed, still stands today. In 1932 ~gum
Weeks sket ched the architectural details , including dimensions J room-by-room layout, and the features of stairs and fireplaces. Weeks's sket ches and notes are irreplaceable value since on Christmas Eve of 1933 the 1844 section of the
house , all of the structure with the exception of the ol der rear ell, burned. 39 Those rear rooms, the one story section on the south side of the dog-trot, • stood until qui te recently. However, that ell , which had been home to a series of tenants over the years , burned around 1980 .40 Today only the rubble of a chimney and the foundation of the rear section remain; very l ittle above- ground evidence of the Federal-style section is left. Through. a complicated series of transactions the MangtD11 homestead and
all of the 565 acres bought by Hampt on in 1902, has of late become publ ic land . In 1977 the state of North Carolina through the North Carol ina State University School of Forest ry acquired the property from the Hampton heirs.
Four-fifths interest in the tract was bought outright; the remaining one-fifth
interest was condemned and acquired by the state in that way .4l In 1979 ownership of the property was transferred , in a trade-off arrangement , t o the North Carolina Rural Rehabilitation Corporation, a quasi-public agency which • undertakes projects with the general aim of benefiting rural parts of the 15
state. However, the forestry school at North Carolina State University con • tinues to manage the property as part of the George Watts Hill Forest, a wood land management project in northern Durham County begun in 1929. 42
The ~fangum family cemetery was excluded from the property acquired by
the state. That one acre, retained by the ~1angum heirs in 1902, still be
longs to the Mangum heirs today. With the death and intennent in the family cemetery of Sallie Weeks in the late 19705 and with the passing of her brother
Mangum at about the same time, the Weeks line of l>1angum heirs is gone . As a consequence, Marion James and her daughter Lucy of Alexandria, Virginia, are
the only living direct descendants of the Manguns and thus the legal owners
of the cemetery. •
• • NarES lStephen Beauregard Weeks offered a similar assessment of l~illie Person Mangwn ' 5 reputation in a biographical sketch published in 1906. Weeks, who had married Mangum I 5 granddaughter Salli e Leach in 1893 , is considered North Carolina 's f irst "professional" historian. Before hi s death, he began edit ing the l ate Senator's papers and writing his biography, Samuel A. Ashe, Stephen B. Weeks , and Charles L. Van Noppen (eds .), BiOralihiCal HistoH of North Carolina (Greensboro: Otarl es L. Van Noppen , PUb ~s er , 1906) , 6-257 ; H. G. Jones, "St ephen Beauregard Weeks: North Carolina's First 'Professional ' Historian," Ndtth 'Catoliria Historical Review, XLII , 4 (October 1965) , 412, 422 .
Zweeks , "Willie P. Mangum ," in Ashe and others (eds.) , Bio~ra!hiCal Hist0:9; of North Carolina, 238-242; J. G. deRoulhac Hamilton , I i1 ie Person Mangum in Allen Johi1Son and Dumas Malone (eds.) , Dictiona:g of American Biography (New York: Charles Scribners Sons , 1933), XII , 2-233 .
~ lton, ''Willie Person t-tangum," in Johnson and Malone (eds . ) , Dictio nary 'of American 'Biography, XII , 232 - 233 .
4Henry Thanas Shanks (ed. ) , The Papers of Willie Person Mangum (Raleigh: State Department of Archives and History, 1956) , v, 752 . Sweeks,"Willie P. Mangum ," in Ashe and others (eds . ), Bi Ographical HistoI)' of North Carolina, V, 256. • 6Shanks (ed . ) , Papers of Willie Person ~~ , IV , 233. 7Shanks (ed.) , Papers of Willie Person ~!angum , III, 400 -401, 448-449 ; United States Census BUfeau, EIghth census, 1860, Orange COlmty , North carolina, Slave Schedule. See Appendixes H, I , and J .
8Seventh and Eighth Censuses , 1850 and 1860, Orange County, North carolina, Agricultural and Sl ave Schedules. Although no tobacco was reported in the 1850 Census , some was apparently grown in 1848 , when Charity Mangum wrot e her husband about the crop. Shanks (ed.) J Papers of Willia",Person Mangum, V, 113. 9 ~ Shanks (ed.) , Papers of Willie Person ~!angum , V, 418, 761 ; A. W. Mangum, ''William Preston Mangum ," 'UniverSitY Monthly, N.S. III, no. 8 (May 1884), 344 . See Appendix L.
10Shanks (ed.) , Papers of Willie Person Mangum, V, 86, 104 . llShanks (ed. ) , Papers of Willie Person ~!angum, V, 301-302, 322 , 341. 12A . W. Mangum , "William Preston Mangum ," 343 .
13Shanks (ed. ) , Paper s of Willie Person ~!angum, IV, 452.
l'1Veymouth T. Jordan, Jr. (ed. ); 'Notth 'carolina Troops; '1861"1865: A Roster • (Ralei gh: Office of Archives and History, 1973) , IV, 282 . 17
15Shanks (ed.) , Papers of 'Willie Person Mangum , V, 388 , 396. • 16Shanks (ed.) , 'Papers of Willie Person Mangum, V, 391 . 17Jordan (ed.) , North Carolina "I'r6~s , IV, 282; see also Richard W. Iobst and Louis H. Manarin; The 'B1dddy SJJtth: The Sixth North carolina Regimentilcortfederate 'States of 'America (Raleigh: North carolina Confederate Centenni Commission, 1965), 304-305. 18AdOlphus W. Mangum, ''The Holy Shield,lI in Myrtle Leaves; or Tokens at the Tanh (Raleigh: Branson & Farrar, 1864), 29-30; also, A. W. Ma1lgUiiI, "William Preston Mangun," 344-345. See Appendixes K and L.
19Walter Clark (ed.), Histories of the Several Re iments and Battalions from North carolina 'in the ' reat aT, e1g : tate 0 or Carolina, 1901), I, 338, 345-346. A. C. Avery, an "old College friend," of Mangum, wrote the brief account of Sixth Regiment at Manassas. A sign marks the spot where f.1angtmI fell. See Appendixes E, F, and G.
20Shanks (ed.), Papers of Willie Person Mangum, V, 396-397.
21 A. W. Mangum , ''The Holy Shield," 30 . 22Shanks (ed. ), Papers of Willie Person ~!angum , V, 401 .
23Shanks (ed.), Papers of Willie Person Mangum, V, 400. 24 • A. W. f.1angum , ''William Preston Mangum," 346. 2SA biographical sketch of Willie Person ~ written by William A. Graham was published in the Hillsborou~ 'Recorder on September 11, 1861, and reprinted in the 'Raleigh Reg1ster 0 september 18, 1861 . 260range County Estates Records, Willie P. ~t1ngum fOlder, North Carolina State Archives.
27 Shanks (ed . ) , Papers of Willie Person ~1angum , V, xvii. 2Bwilliam S. Powell, The North Carolina Gazetteer (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1968), 19, 152. 29Shanks (ed.), Papers of Willie Person Mangum, V, 440 , opposite 695 . See Appendix ~I . In recent years Marion James has awarded the Mangum Medal in the ceremonies at the University of North Carolina.
30News ,artd Observer (Raleigh), 5 April 1929; marker files in the Research Branch, ArChaeolOgy and Historic Preservation Section, Divis ion of Archives and History, Raleigh, North Carolina. ~ Weeks, son of Stephen B. Weeks, proposed in 1940 that the older bronze marker be moved to the site of Walnut Hall but eventually acceded to the wishes of Raleigh officials that it placed in a less isolated location. • 31rurham 'M 3ZShanks (ed.), Papers of Willie Person Mangum, V, 427 ; Weeks , "\'1illie P . Mangum," in Ashe and others (eds.) J Biographical History of North Carol ina , • V, 256. 33Durham County Deed Book 28 , pp. 133-136. 34Shanks (ed .) , PaperS ·of Willie Person Mangum, I , following 226. 35weeks , ''\'1illie Person Mangum ," in Ashe and others (eds . ) J Bieasayhical History "of North Carolina, V, 256-257; R. D. W. Connor and others ( . , "Ri sto - 'of 'North 'Carolina: 'North Carolina Bio a h (Chicago: Lewis Publish- mg ompany, j rnteTV1ew W1 T10n ames (by telephone), 3 January 1984. 36Durham County Deed Book 25 , pp. 327-33l. 37Interview with Mildred Harris of the Duke Homestead Staff (by t elephone), 19 December 1983. Mrs . Harris is a native and lifelong resident of Bahama with a particular interest in local history. 38NewS and ObServer (Raleigh), 5 April 1929. 39Shanks (ed.), Pa~rs of Willie Person Mangum, III, following 448, and V, foll owing 650. See pperidixes H and J. 40Harris interview, 19 December 1983 . 41Interview with John Barbour of the North Carolina State Property • Office (by telephone), 13 December 1983 . 42Durham County Deed Book 1019, p. 742 ; interview with Larry Jarvis of the School of Forestry of North Carolina State University (by tel ephone}, 22 December 1983 . • • BIBLICGRAPIIY Ashe, Samuel A.; Weeks, Stephen B.; and Van Noppen, Charles L., eds. Bid~aPhical 'Histoty 'of 'Notth 'carolina. 8 volumes. Greensboro: Char es L. Van Noppen, PUhhsher, 1905-1917. Barbour, John (of North Carolina State Property Office). Interview (by telephone), 13 December 1983. 'BiOgYa8hiCal "Ditectott "of 'the "Ameticart Congress, 1774-1949 . Washington: vernment PrIntIng Office, 1950. Clark, Walter, ed. Histories 6f the ·SeVeral. Re iments and Battalions from Ncrtth 'Carolina "lI1 .. 'f: ' teat ' at ~ . vo urnes. GOldSbOro : State of North caroiina, 1901. Connor, R. D. W. and others, eds . History of North Carolina: North Carolina . Biography. 5 voltnnes. Chicago: Lew1S PUblishing Company , 1919. Durham COlmty Deeds. North Carolina State Archives. DUrham '~lOtrtirtg Herald, 26 December 1974 and 18 May 1980 . Grant, David Lindsey, ed • . 'Alt..UlU'i.i History 'of the UniVersity of North Carolina . Second edition. Chapel mil: university of North carolina General • Alumni Association, 1924. ' Gtiide 'to "North 'Catolirta Historical "HighwaY Markers. Raleigh: Division of ArChives and History, 1979. Also maiker files in the Research Branch, Archaeology and Historic Preservation Section, Division of Archives and History, Raleigh, North Carolina. Harris, Mildred (of Duke Homestead Staff, Durham, North Carolina). Interviews (by telephone), 13 and 19 December 1983 . lobst, '~ James, Marion. Interview (by telephone), 3 January 1984. JarviS, Larry (of North Carolina St ate University School of Forestry). Interview (by telephone), 22 December 1983. Jolmson, Allen, and Malone, lAlmas, eds. ""DictioJi3.ty of American Biography. 20 volumes. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1927-1936. Jones, H. G. "Stephen Beauregard Weeks: North Carolina's First 'Professional' Historian. II 'North 'Carolina Historical Review, XLII, 4 (October 1965), • 410-423. ------ 20 Jordan, Weymouth T. , Jr., and Manarin, Louis, ed.s. North Carolina Troops, 1861-1865: A ROster. 8 volumes . Raleigh: Office of AIChives ana • History, 1966 1981. Mangum, A. IV. Myrtle !:.eaveS; or Tokerts at the Tombs . Raleigh : Branson &Farrar, 1864. __"=,.....,,.;' "William Preston Mangum." University t.1onthly, N.S. III, no. 8 ~liiy 1884), 343-347. News and Observer (Raleigh), 4 May 1918 and 5 April 1929. Orange County Deeds, Estate Records, and Wills. North Carolina State Archives. Powell, William S. · 'The 'North Carolina Gazetteer. Chapel Hill: The University of North carolina Press, 1968 . Raleign Register, 18 September 1861. Shanks, Henry Thomas, ed . 'The Parrs of Willie Person Man§'5U' 5 volumes . Raleigh: State Department 0 ArChives ana History, 1 - 1956 . United States Census Bureau. Seventh and Eighth Censuses, 1850 and 1860. Orange CoWlty, North Carolina, Population, Agricultural, and Slave • Schedules . • APPENDIX A • ~1ANGLI'1 FAMILY C»IETERY TOP ROW Stephen Beauregard Weeks b. 2 February 1865 d . 3 ~1ay 1918 Sallie ~1angum Weeks wife of Stephen B. Weeks, daughter of Martin W. Leach b. 7 ~rch 1857 d. 21 ~rch 1934 Sallie Preston Weeks, daughter of Stephen B. Weeks ca, 1978 grave without marker MIDDLE ROW ~ Sutherland Mangum, daughter of Willie P. Mangum b. 8 July 1832 d. 1 January 1902 William Preston Mangum Only son of Willie P. ~1angum b. 13 July 1837 d. 28 July 1861 2nd Lt. NC 6th Reg . CSA Fram Wounds Received at the First Battle of Manassas Dulce et decorum est • pro patria moTi Willie Person t-1angum b. 10 ~1ay 1792 d . 7 September 1861 Olarity Alston Mangtun, wife of Willie P. Mangum, daughter of William Cain b. 16 February 1795 d. 15 ~rch 1873 Sallie Alston Leach, wife of Martin W. Leach, daughter of Willie P. Mangum b. 6 January 1824 d. 14 October 1896 Annie Preston Leach, daughter of ~rtin W. Leach b. 21 February 1865 d. 19 December 1942 ~1artha Person ~1angum, daughter of Willie P. Mangum b. 6 April 1828 • d . 9 January 1902 APPENDIX B I'O UIi.' , ·.· . ... 'n .'II an,,"m t-",m ltw mn",,;nl by T. Don.,,-, dIn • d.~"- 1'_...... ,.I.U.1>to "Thr Unile<><~ ..;on of ;\If M.nsum W ...k • . AJ.nn.d,i. , Vi.,;ni •. • , ( K "1' '" p,nu ... "" OIlpo Shanks (ed . ), Papers of Willie Person r.iangtDll , I, preceding 99. APPENDIX E ADDITIONAL SKETCH SIXTH REGIMENT. Rv MAJOR A. C. AVERY. ACl"()r~T OF THE ORGANIZATJO!\' OF THE SIXTH NORTH CA na LISA laX.. nIE!':T AND OF ITS COXDUCT AT T H E BA'rrLES O,f' FlitST l IAN ASSAS, flE\'£S PINES AXD OE17YSBURO. Wheu Lincolu issued hig proclamation calling 011 the State of ~orth Carolina to furnish troops to suppress the so-called insur rection in her sisler Siaies of the Sout h, our people with ODe miud uuited iu the deterruination to stand by Ollf South eru brethren rat her than aid an io\'ading foe, though marching nuder the flag of the nntion. So 80011 ag the tocsi n of war was 5Ou ndl'd the companies of the State militia, already organized IlUd drilled, were rusbed iuto the fOI'tsOIi our cO.'lsl, till then £Hrri IoO noo by a single non-commissioned officer quurtered in each of ' till: three. The fjNit regiment organized was t·be First V olunteer ll or" Belhel Regiment. The men were allowed 10 enlist for six months. After that a num ber of ot her regimeots were formed of men enlisted for t.weh·e mouths. .Meantime the Legislat ure had mel in extra session and bad called a cou\'eotion of the pee ,!le to meet in May. Colonel I Cbarls F. Fisher aud others- ·onell of brood views and cool ht-a • C O ."~" df N ... i~ .'" p..,~ S#rm. v;~ 01 Fin. M, I'1IUJ&1 &ulririd. To 'M 'W!' 01 ~Il Jod:lO/I" ~Utu .. s.-... Poc .... B lbI ~ of l ..... ' ..... n. W,Lh.m p_ tolonIUm C S A ,""m h"n by hI> ..,,~. H. bad " 010 h .. ,,"- a. thor f,n, M...... ' ho,t" "''''J .. "rd by d •• bullet " 'I"eli h" ...... J "'",,1Id From ,t.., "'",nol In ,lot P<»'"""" /101 ". Sail .. I',nroo \I, "'~. '''' ••h,ncrOfl . D <... Shanks (ed.) , Papers of Willie Person t.langtDll , V, preceding 405 . La EZ= zeo _ z.=_ APPENDIX H • ,. ... _... . o ..... o o / 0° c. r ('lODe o o 0 0 () ® () D c~ 0 o o 0 0 0 o 0 0 () ..... _ ~I11"".,,.u o o C CI @ o o _ c "" ORO '2. 0 MI !..[~ • O @ Q Q 0 o o o o o o 0 0 ( KEY TO PICTURE ON OPPOSITE PAGE ) (1 ) Residence. front completed in 1844, ell about 1800; (2) New office, 1844: (3 ) Old office: ~ 4) Kitchen with huge fi replace: (5) Carriage driver's h ouse: (6 ) Ice House; ( '1 ) Smoke house and woodhollses; (8) Feed barn and carriage house, constr ucted about 1800: (9) Rose garden: (9A) Rose arbor on entering wide garden walk which was bordered with shrubbery; (9B) Two very large scuppernong vines: ( 10) Corn cribs; ( II ) Walled spring; (12) Orchard: ( 13 ) Rare shrubbery, some from foreign lands: (1 4 ) Summer house of cedars. tops fastened together with chains: (15) Well ; (16) Two huge sugar pear trees planted about 1820, scions from trees brought by Ml\ngum's grandparents from Pennsylvania prior to Revolution : (17 ) Both approaches to grounds and in front was avenue of cedars: also grove cedars each end of grounds: (l8 ) EniJish box bordered walk ending in circles in front of re"idence: all wa lks cover ed with crushed white fiint r ock: (1 9 ) Two enormous walnut trees, each in 1899 measured 18 leet in circumfer ence: longest limb was 86 feet. • Shanks (ed .); 'Papers of Willie Per son Mangun, V, following 650. • Wah,.,t HaU, Fn;>ll\ v;.,..... v ...... · t ...... th. Nu.!h. Thi. and til ...... ""'1,,1< , .j ...... ,... (rom vbot(>Knph. ",ade abo.. , 1>,,$, in ..... ",,__ _I.on .. r Nho. Mar.. Alma T ... n .... Ral.h,h, Notth Carolina. • --- Wain ul n all, Sid<> View. Vi.", 'ron' the 5.."111",,.,., ••howl ... Ih ...... , t ,..ln walnut \ • ..n. • Marlh. Penon ("'PaUie"l Manl .. m and II .. nift•. S.I II. ManJ.. rn t.n~ h II • ••• "' .... StepheD a . W~ k .l. &1'_' In Ih. to ...... " ...." " f thi. and ,IMO pr«O'dln .. , .... " .. Shanks (ed.), Papers of Willie Person llingum, III , following 400. APPENDIX J , , ,.,....", ~.0 ~ "",? .."">4> • -,;;;;""'"~ ~ _._"-:, .- ~ . . . ,",' ) , "- "'.,' i''' - - - . < T ~ ?~ , " 2: r-. .f-A- "- t:-,. , ~ i-; < 0 1 ( 1 - -~ -:" ,- ~ :l _ __ ...... "\ . 1~ ~ ~ I- - - . • . "~I /' ",.,. " / / - U l ( / \r I ~ . ./ ..,,"'" / ( \ :Du, P~ --.I a...M tr S"' • .\-') ,- I ....)1 \~i. '\..!~ . i\..:.. P...... «.1 " ~ ...... ~ . Ir..S'"...,... \r'~ ..-' ' • ;s;.- '- ...... :J.l ;... A1o. <--.--l w·, ...... t:r r--V-l."'::'_ , , ,.J': , ~', t ' ~v ' u: fVI.~l · ~."'" .:... ' ....1\...... 1 l...... ff~} \ f'\... ..,..~~\_ S;1<"'~"'/' L...... f-\.M l>~ "" h.h , £...... ,. .... k. ~ .... tw,. ",,~ .... """'- ~ $.:...;..1 ..... -1,. ;.., .1-1. '\..- ,J....., ...... ~~.~ , 1tJr~ \ c....tAw # .-~ --NP, .11'-'0- lo.. L~ ...... "-9 In...-..~ .'-. t)..{ ,)ll Wuln"t Ha ll, A..., hit"".lI.a l Lte lail., N" . I. A.~ h;t "" tu . ~ 1 dcl. r . from the W. I" " , H"U, A rehil .....l u ' ''L llel. II ~ . Nil, 2. ~' I <>u r plan a nd ... hl ~ l uraJ d . . ... inl/ ..." I n"l .. m"d ~ by Man,,,,m W ... k., ~ J uly. IN.12. The huu . ... w •• ,I <' ail. w;lh .~ I ....x l m ll l ~ m ..... "..."". nla. "'rom Ih .. ' ''etc h-book " I ah nKum built ..n t he ~it " ,,' ..., ~. r lle . h<" , '~. w •..,~ •• a July, IH:12. T" " h" \1 .... w .. bu rn."j On C "ri. tm ... E ye. HISS. g . ankS (ed. ) J Papers of Willi e Person Mangum, II WOll 448, • Adolphus w. ~1angtUl1, ''The Holy Shield," in ~tle Leaves; or Tokens at the Tomb leigh: Branson &Farrar, 1864), 29-32. / I • I eoponeII>I "'" (or ~noe.~ "1TO r , 11_ c...u... _lIIebR.. ...a t.Se npnen~ ..,. in r "risiiitd tlae-bea.utiio.l &lHlltIlP ~ ..- lot ..ch"rd to< u.. ...ted &Id. ~~t.... _ .... )J.d~n- ...I\i.d hi...... ;. • ~h .-..:io. 1fOIAId wh."per to' au trial. L. • ..ad (lift'er, an'd ~8 dlW,lgeri he ..... Wlltn 1 .....'fiaa, • loriric ,nd' pi.,...! his and L"ilb :Joa to "'~t~·, ..... "ii~ooid~·~'1"boAo§~.~~~§'lht~t~~~"him B;~ bef'~h. lo ....4"' J. TPves -.'-<4 60//0, qO -. ",' .. then wiI..h asmile, ' . • • .ori&llifo ..., ebbing out ...... -..IIiIo~ .. 1(... '" Idii C!UI evet. deep and ·...... II __w..woro.. Uoopoh .. thaI rer.r. aad ".. tJroodl N , ••.A-.oo .... -r'. THE UNIVERSITY MO NTHLY. . 343 APPENIlIX L WILLIAM PRESTON MANGUM nx ious Was the o nly son of H a n. Wil- leet, but he seemed more a to di ll~ lie P. Mangum. of North Caro- to co ncea l his talents than y de lina. He bore the name of Han. play them. S tilt, when dut nd faith William C. ]'restori. who was his mandcd, he was prompt a ; father', favorite during their long rul. He was never demonstrative \ , association in Copgress. His but he was lru~. I e'" should . " earlier years were s pent at the It was natural that h r tbe, quiet, pleasant residence of the cherish a warm regard fo ernal ... family in what was then Orange State University. His mat of two that county. He w~ s for some time a grand-father was one its student in the preparatory school gave the largest amount to trug of that exccalent teacher. Rev. ,support during its earliest s other Thomas J. Horner. Though he gles; and his father and its was much younger than mysdf, I near relatlves were amo~g "'the found him a 'Worthy competitor- in Alumni. He matriculated i 6. the only study we eyer p'ur5ue.d .institution in the year 18SS-5 afterwards attend- do not think he remaineCl all of together. He ;. ed in Hillsboro, the scboOl of two years. H is room was No. 12 As a that distinguished educator. Mr. in the Old West Building. rn,e.n Graves, father of Prof. Graves of characteristic incident;-I will that the U niversity. Thence he went tion~a.t when a composition com to the academy at South Lowell. he ha,written was signally em under Rev. Mr. Dean. aJ accom- plimented,,- he \~as so muc h g ul ar plishecl teacher from .l \Vesleyan barrassed that in his sin University. Under the inRuence modesty he everafterwardsshrank the of his cultured hom ,he naturally from tb"t P.3-r t of the work t)f became. at an early age, fond of class. turn reading; and being furnished ~'it h From th~ University he re ence a large and excellent library, he ed to his 'home.. in consequ f his soon became skilful in the use of of" t he precarious condition o addi good English and well infqrmed fa ther', health. There, in d in different departments of our' tion to other duties, he continue d i n literature. Though W;lrrn in. his to train and enrich his m in im pulses, he was peculiarly mod- the study of li~erature . There f the est and. reserved, -H e was gener- he watched the gath ei-~ng o and ous and" unsel.fi sh almost t o a 'fault, clouds of war, as, they spread e Ii; was richly endowed in intel;- .da!kened over th'e ' Iand in th A (do~phus ~ Iv. Mangum , _"l\Ii li :-a:~ Preston Man~ " ~3~3.Wty Mont hly, N. S. W , Nq . 8 (Nay 1884) , THE ;]NI THE UlnVER • VERSITY MONTH!. y , SITV MONTHLY, ~ first of 1861. His father • at could not be tutfted was truly tion of the 6th Regi tie volumes very i.shatly u~ national in hi ment of North scar~e e;en e the frightful1y s sentiments, sin- Carolina State that expO&CCl .... Caro· cere1y Troops. it was in early day. So I SI~P Y y loving the whole of the corporated rv Uniahs Col. Fi"hef---;perta.,.~ as Company B him the coin and told him country he had s in that a 7 . th~t not a moment triven so long to afterwards famous inability to purchase was to serve; but his band of 501 - the s;;ai e~ ;:~t gave the feelings were rapidly diers. At book A few command at on.c( changed the reorganization of days before t e r~ fi' I Two t o the fervent Southern the . th 6th Regl- or tbree compame ~ Company, when some with- battle of ManassaS. e to re " 1- d spirit under the violent utteran . . . sw iftly formed into me de ces drew and ' others enlisted ment was ordered _ an of the speakers,. and for the to ~lrgln;:; livered a yol1ey tbat papcrs-of the war, he was promoted It went at once .-completel! North. I r to the rank to Wmches disabled th ecall the !;ce ne in hi!! of:zndLieutenant I· , e battery. Then cam' . Her e memory where Johnston was threatened parlor. in the sprin ~ ... the order to charge. and g o f that event- bids me pause \. with immedi the ~n (ul year, and linger (or a ate a ttack by ~atte~- were captured. when the mail was moment While the finD over the beautiful visio so n T his first field service-in brought in and the n ' , 1 e t',11 fierce Lieut. Mangu1 Nflv York of tha t quiet and cheery , e of battle at the was s COIiI'ier encamp- I10 froot, s e p- tanding by (whose editor, James ment. y try- was s one of the cal Thecharm of novelty gave ing o n their a~mJ!.-was ver \Vatson W ebb, had been so warm But tured cannon. when he was brightness to the fa ces of the men, ing to inexperienced trOOps· see and true as a pe rsonal and party . to straighten up suddenly and and unchecked enthusiasm made the ordeal grew far more trYlOg ~ fri end) was found to contain h' hand to his breast Ma}C an their steps \ elastic. The white when suddenly they were pres article of a fi erce, offe sed; bb who was near, kindly nsive char- tents a nd grey uniforms • into the ru su} actcr against scattered sh from t~e V~l.le~r~ him the Southern Sfates. over th~ broad ManasSas po~ed and he wassoo~.bon · His field pre5ented a I to r ein ~orce Beay-reg . to 'tpe once ~uen t tongue, from 'Picture rc1l rear by ,.Some of ~I S mt of th ~ t strange new)if~o f Hurried in the forced' the effects o f paralysis could I 1 , On examination it was discovert. no fri"ef)d . ~nd kinsmen,that it is packed in the. crowded . tr a~ longer express the thoughts s6 \ 1\ .1 " ,no that a ban or fragment of of his eachaining to recalk While . rest day or night, she still vigorous mind ; the 't~y ~tflved'~t had' struck the so, while the Reginien't' was drilling . -, - the Bible that~· eyes flashed there, I J~nc~iori on .the . memora ~ W'Or~ and the lips struggled visited • 2Ut over his beart, and, cuttl! and Lieut, Mangum's , ~pme. Qf .)uly",just 10 time to reac failed, the long arm finished! ~,l the leaves. had glanced off, rna When!.! was leaving; one, o( hi th ~ field at the crisis of the the burst of renion s , r , . con- .. a large and £rightful butS« 5;trance by s~ers ~ foUo.wed me flict. Moving l rapid strokes t~ the. Jl!Ofiih . I ' • rapidly towardJ~:e of his cane' upon and'.~anding G.,~nr~rate ~:~lY not fatal wound in the 1t the , me a sJ!lajl . gold . I left where the tJ. g br floor. Hence,. in 'that home, coin. t The battle was not cl ~ •. Preston' writei 'pic ' . tit ... he~vi es t, the noble as in nearly all in 'the South. Colon~1 .:a.: 'when he ..as .carried all that his Bible If too large 'Fishtr:, from his "" hearts were:: ~"i. to be~:, "1, want of ex~· ~ e field. an'd ifo fe rvent devo.!. carried comfo~b.ly)n - enc·C--· Having hC ~ Q:prfSied g« tion to tJlc his ~ast- I' {a.i~~ ., to thrO~ 'an:ietY.1est '., :5dut.h~~~ cau~, and PfCket andtbat IIldrrftlthers 0:' he. •sliould . be~ c:aJ!ll the man.fy he wi bcs.£o .I'ave. or even form a De . d' but as · youth met no op"posi- a he lay bleeding UOl smail Testament. • j battle: / tion in' ~is purpose Please get thE Regiment, m~n: . ~ afTer his him one." , o: ~b; trees, ~oon hea~ the~h~ Tben, with a l~ely column. suddenly etner"" ~ , * T services to. lfi$."ati.vc.'5ta td of his.cO&llrades as the ct.~" " , . Chr~tian smile, she added: the low rqute ( ~s, 5fX!n as uBi scatter~d ". ~s ~ 0 of era~"' Lincoln 's ~~all ' for ble. ~ave turned field to see " '. .. ; . T90:0~ wa~ ball. and ma, RIcketts sctbOO dl.. ' _ 'It'b1i1 . k'r!·Q~ . be i9i-~e(ll.t~_e 'do so agajp." 'the famous Sherman dccl t~t}le:was a~ ·:.,F-hat Jtiver t end~avored to tptt.cry ~ ...... ~.ou~ded ~.!lrcls.~.l aj'.reun~r find a s itable ' rtctl yi ~hat .. company.c0!il Tdtam~nt in Sa"a-' n' theirrront ;an~ withinseY: ~ 'pOoetf of · h.i s s~urdy ,bury, b .... five LoiIia : Co'!.'"t ~ HOl tl,\ cIld Dot~ .uc(eCd . . The en~.1-.1-~rds of the' head oIt~ set'Wh neighborj;. :The:Lt com~ny ' n. ' I ....cb..:.i ·tha,i North Carolina Collection Clippin.Q File throuJ!h 1975, .UNC Library, Chapel Hill II~ ' . \' l'o '~ ,,~ W",.,.. , L' ~ I " l>""'" 1",;,,,,:lI!AH lO,lI'" S","n I ' ~",·, . I~A 1" • • ~'" Inscription in ~1emorla . 1 Hall at the U · . - -'- ._ -- - .- . mverslty of North Carolm' a . " N AT (fOUNDI CLAST KNOWN SECURE! I I STYLE COLOR LIe 11110 STATE VIN • _Yll __'YES ~ NO ., w,·JI,.~ ".1'".''' "'ANf""" ~ O.,A.1tI 13 "Tilly "'7 ':' f)/lid 2~ r"Jy I'"~ ,..,AI. Fov ..... cI by D_tHCyl 4/A~· t-F;cJ.l _A,/,, _.J,.,.,r,:, 4_ S"-I-1I-I4 1"9 ..... d .FF /1"_;11'1-0..., /?d', trlfAVIi "'''''./ h~~;'" d ..... , Vr' ~A/J I' .. ,...J, TJ.IA# W~I' t:J ,IC"''''' I~ F.,.. HCJ 144..'" -hf/O/Ut':"" T-g ".,~",...., rAJ_, "/y " 14.~t """AI' a;v).,. 1~""Vi 0' REV,