New Palearctic Bird Sound Recordings in 1964-65 by Jeffery Boswall B.B.C

New Palearctic bird sound recordings in 1964-65 By Jeffery Boswall B.B.C. Natural History Unit

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to add another year to my discography of Palearctic bird sound recordings which listed all the relevant gramophone records known to have been published up to mid-i9Ö4 (Boswall 1964b). It reviews the additional records and tape-records which came to my notice between mid-1964 and mid-1965, except that I have excluded about 25 discs of captive birds, all issued before 1930, because they are of historical rather than ornithological import. It is envisaged that further summaries of this kind will be prepared from time to time and that these will not be dependent on any calendar period but will serve simply as a means of periodically keeping the original discography up to date. The numbering of the discs follows on from the earlier paper and a cross-index of species, using these numbers, is provided. Particular attention may be drawn to Veprintsev 72, the first recordings of Siberian birds ever made; and to 80, Hans Traber's Stereophonie disc, only the second to be published in Europe. The first 'tape-records' of

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27 BRITISH BIRDS bird voice to be made commercially available anywhere in the world are those of Carl and Lise Weismann 70, published in October 1962. Close behind them, in Jane 1963, was Lawrence Shove with a tape version of his earlier record, 64 in the discography; the tape version is precisely the same as the disc and is available on a 3-inch diameter reel at either 7J i.p.s. twin track or 3J i.p.s. single track.

CORRECTIONS TO THE DISCOGRAPHY A few corrections need to be made to dates of issue of the early discs: 1. For '1908' read 'May 1910' 5. For 'about 1927' read '1929' 2. For'before 1923'read'1914' 9. For'1928'read'1929' 4. For'about 1927'read'1914' 11. For'about 1934'read'1931' Six other corrections: under 15, record 2B, for 'Wren' read 'Willow Warbler'; under 34, RFEP 213, Black Woodpecker, for 'drumming and calls' read 'tapping and calls'; under 41, for 'the sixty-five species' read 'the eighty-eight species' (eighty-eight are in fact listed); on page 52 add '15' to 'Willow Warbler'; on page 56 for 'Taczanowski's Grass hopper Warbler' read 'Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler'; and in the Introduction, page 2, ninth line from the bottom, for 'a recital of bird songs' read 'a recital of American bird songs'.

EUROPEAN SPECIES On page 8 of the discography a list was given of 60 regular European nesters of which no European recording, published or not, was known to exist. Remarkably enough, recordings of no less than 27 of these 60 came to my notice in the twelve months which followed. Roche has now published nine (see 75) and has in addition on tape: Cattle Egret Bubuhus ibis, Marbled Duck Anas angustirostris (captive), Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca (captive), Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus, Purple Gallinule Vorphyrio porphyrio, Audouin's Gull Icarus audouinii, White- winged Black Tern Chlidonias hucopterus, Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens, Lesser Grey Shrike Eanius minor and Marmora's Warbler Sylvia sarda. Paatela (74) has published the song of the Little Bunting Emberi^a pusilla. Sture Palmer of Sweden has tapes of Black- necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis, Kite Milvus milvus and Purple Sand piper Calidris maritima. Miss Susan Taylor has recorded Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina, Cinereous Bunting Emberi^a cineracea, Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica and Eleonora's Falcon Falco eleonorae.

ADDITIONS TO THE DISCOGRAPHY 70. WEISMANN, CARL and LISE (1962): Birds. Thirteen 4-inch dia meter, -j\ i.p.s. full track reels of tape, nos. 1-13. Obtainable from C. Weismann, Strodam, Hillerod, Denmark.

28 PALEARCTIC BIRD SOUND RECORDINGS These are the first 'tape-records' of bird voice to be published in the Palearctic. They cover 73 bird voices and one amphibian.

REEL I REEL 7 Blackbird,* Song Thrush, Mistle Skylark, Whitethroat, Wood Warbler, Thrush, Redwing, Golden Oriole, Chiffchaff, Redstart, Robin Waxwing REEL 8 SEEL 2 Starling, Pied Flycatcher, Red-breasted Thrush Nightingale, Nightingale, Icter- Flycatcher, Tree Pipit, Wheatear, Whin- ine Warbler, Swallow, House Martin, chat Dunnock REEL 9 REEL 3 Nightjar, Tawny Owl (with young), Great Tit, Blue Tit, Goldcrest, Tree- Sparrowhawk, Hobby, Buzzard, Osprey creeper, Wren REEL 10 Quail, Cuckoo (both sexes), Wryneck, REEL 4 Great Spotted Woodpecker, Wood- Chaffinch (Seeland), Chaffinch (Born- pigeon, Pheasant holm), Garden Warbler, Willow REEL II Warbler, Blackcap, Lesser Whitethroat White Stork (with young), Black Stork, REEL 5 Heron (with young), Bittern, Lapwing, Marsh Warbler, Sedge Warbler, Reed Redshank Warbler, Reed Warbler and Marsh Frog REEL 12 Rana ridibunda, Grasshopper Warbler, Black-tailed Godwit (with young), Great Reed Warbler Avocet, Oystercatcher, Great Crested REEL 6 Grebe, Coot, Moorhen Yellowhammer (Seeland), Yellowham- REEL 13 mer (Bornholm), Corn Bunting, Reed Raven (with young), Hooded Crow, Bunting, Greenfinch, Linnet Jackdaw, Jay, Magpie

71. ULRICH, HENRI (1964): Oiseaux des Pres, Champs et Bois and Oiseaux du Marais. Two 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. discs, nos. 250,016 PAF and 250,019 PAF. Pergola, Phillips-France, Paris. Two successors to Ulrich's disc 60: 18 species of the fields and woods and 17 marshland birds. 250.016 250.019 A: Grasshopper Warbler, Yellow- A: Bittern, Long-eared Owl (adult), hammer, Whinchat, Meadow Pipit, Long-eared Owl (young), Scops Owl, Whitethroat, Lesser Whitethroat, Dun Little Bittern, Bittern, Snipe, Reed nock, Linnet, Partridge, Quail, Pheasant Warbler, Mallard B: Purple Heron, Night Heron (adult), Night Heron B: Kestrel, White Stork, Hoopoe, (young), Cetti's Warbler, Great Reed Collared Dove, Bee-eater, Little Owl, Warbler, Little Egret, Black-headed Icterine Warbler Gull with Herring Gull and Avocet, Herring Gull, Flamingo

72. VEPRINTSEV, B. N. and NAOOMOVA, ZAPISY R, (1964): The Voices of Wild Nature: Siberian Birds, One 10-inch, 33.3 r.p.m. disc, no. 14867-8. AU-Union Studio of Disc Recording, Mezhdunarodnaja Kniga, 32/34 Smolensk Square, Moscow 200. This exciting record presents the voices of 23 species recorded in *Scientific names are given in the CROSS-INDEX OF SPECIES on page 34-36.

29 BRITISH BIRDS central Asia. So far as I am aware, seven of the species have not previously been recorded (those marked with an asterisk) and one— the Lanceolated Warbler—appears for the first time on a disc. This record provides the first opportunity for western ornithologists to hear the songs of, among others, the Thick-billed Warbler and Radde's Warbler. The inclusion of Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler means that, accepting LocusfeJIa ochotensis as a full species and not as a race of Pallas's (see Boswall 1964: 56), all seven species of the genus hoats/ella, a particularly interesting group of singers, are now recorded. The record is the fourth in a most valuable series (see 46 in the earlier discography). The Novosti Press Agency bulletin no. 2894, dated 30th April 1965, announcing the issue of this record, says 'Some 100,000 discs have been sold so far in the series'. A: White's Thrush, Siberian Blue B: Siberian Rubythroat, Gray's Grass- Robin, Indian Tree Pipit, Mugimaki hopper Warbler, Chinese Bush Warb- Flycatcher*, Rufous Turtle Dove, ler*, Thick-billed Warbler*, Arctic Rustic Bunting, Siberian Chiffchaff, Warbler, Brambling, Radde's Warbler*, Oriental Cuckoo, Nutcracker, Red- Swinhoe's Snipe*, Goshawk, Carrion flanked Bluetail, Swinhoe's Pseudo- Crow, Lanceolated Warbler, Pallas' robin* Grasshopper Warbler*

73. WAHLSTROM, STEN (1964): Vara Svenska Vaglar i Ton. Three 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. discs, nos. V Sr F 13-15. AB Svensk Litteratur, Stockholm 16. These are the three supplementary discs referred to under 62 in the original discography; they give the vocalisations of twenty-seven species. v sv F-i} River Warbler, Savi's Warbler, Marsh A; Goshawk, Quail, Black-tailed God- Warbler wit, Caspian Tern B: Little Tern, Eagle Owl, Sand Martin, Jackdaw, \ s^ F"!5 Crested Tit *: Greenish Warbler, ChmchafT, Wood v sv F-14 Warbler, Goidcrest B: Red-breasted A: Nuthatch, Dipper, Whinchat, Black Flycatcher, Goldfinch, Serin, Corn Redstart B: Grasshopper Warbler, Bunting, House Sparrow, Tree Sparrow

74. PAATELA, j. (1964): Laulava Lintu Kirja. Six 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. discs, and book (123 pages). Werner Soderstrom Osakeyhtio, Porvoo, Helsinki, Finland. Professor Paatela has prepared an attractive publication: packed with the discs in a box, and the same size as them, is a book with colour photographs. Eighty-four species may be heard, including the first recording known to me of a Little Bunting, and the second of the Yellow-breasted Bunting. RECORD 1 Nightjar B: Woodlark, Tree Pipit, A: Song Thrush, Robin, Wren, Chiff- Lesser Whitethroat, Woodpigeon, Black chaff, Willow Tit, Long-tailed Tit, Grouse, Goshawk,' Black Woodpecker

30 PALEARCTIC BIRD SOUND RECORDINGS RECORD 2 ler, River Warbler, Scarlet Grosbeak, A: Chaffinch, Willow Warbler, Wood Reed Bunting, Yellow-breasted Bunting Warbler, Greenish Warbler, Red-breas RECORD 5 ted Flycatcher, Golden Oriole, Cuckoo A; Sedge Warbler, Reed Warbler, Great B: Thrush Nightingale, Blackcap, Reed Warbler, Water Rail, Bittern, Garden Warbler, Barred Warbler, Red Black-headed Gull, Little Gull B: wing, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Common Sandpiper, Yellow Wagtail, Josser Spotted Woodpecker Lapwing, Snipe, Spotted Crake, Red RECORD 3 necked Grebe, Mallard A: Starling, Wryneck, Pied Flycatcher, RECORD 6 Redstart, Great Tit, White Wagtail A: Turnstone, Ringed Plover, Red B: Starling, Greenfinch, Icterinc Warb shank, Common Tern, (ispian Tern, ler, Blackbird, Fieldfare, Magpie Common Gull, Lesser Black-backed RECORD 4 Gull, Herring Gull B: Bluethroat, A: Skylark, Yellowhammer, Ortolan Brambling, Arctic Warbler, Little Bunt Bunting, Whitethroat, Stoncchat, Cur ing, Golden Plover, Bar-tailed Godwit, lew, Corncrake B: Blyth's Reed Warb Greenshank, Spotted Redshank, ler, Marsh Warbler, Grasshopper Warb- Whooper Swan

75. ROCHE, JEAN-CLAUDE (1964-65): Guide Sonore des Oiseaux d'Europe (Tome J, Oiseaux de France). Eleven 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. discs, nos. 6 and 10-19. Jean-Claude Roche, La Maliere, Collobrieres, (Var), France. With creditable speed, the indefatigable Monsieur Roche is steadily- bowling over the birds of Europe. Having produced eight discs (with 80 species) in 1964, by May 1965 he put on the market eleven more with 94 species. Of these, four are almost certainly first-ever recordings: Citril Finch, Snow Finch, Rock Partridge and Pallid Swift; and seven are of species whose voices are published for the first time: Alpine Accentor, Wallcreeper, Barbary Partridge, Crag Martin, White-backed Woodpecker, Pin-tailed Sandgrouse and Little Bustard.

6. 'Vr'mgiUes de Montagne' Wagtail, Collared Flycatcher, Pied A: Serin, Citril Finch, Siskin, Redpoll Flycatcher B: Crossbill,Bullfinch, Alpine Accentor, 15. 'Gallinaces' Snow Finch A: Quail, Partridge, Red-legged Part 10. 'Cbomties el Hiboitx' ridge, Rock Partridge, Barbary Part A: Eagle Owl, Long-eared Owl, Scops ridge B: Pheasant, Hazel Hen, Black Owl, Pygmy Owl, Little Owl B: Grouse, Capercaillie, Ptarmigan Tengmalrn's Owl, Tawny Owl, Barn 14. 'HirondeUes et Martinets' Owl, Short-eared Owl A: Swift, Pallid Swift, Alpine Swift, II. 'Peti/s Grimpeurs, Roi/ek/s, Cinck, Starling B: Crag Martin, Sand Martin, Troglodyte' House Martin, Swallow A: Firecrest, Goldcrest, Trcecreeper, Short-toed Trcecreeper B: Wren, Dip 15. 'Pics et Torcol' per, Nuthatch, Wallcreeper A: Wryneck, Lesser Spotted Wood 12. 'Gobemoucbes, Pipits el Bergeron- pecker, Great Spotted Woodpecker, nettes' White-backed Woodpecker, Middle A: Tawny Pipit, Watef/Rock Pipit, Spotted Woodpecker B: Three-toed Meadow Pipit, Tree Pipit, Spotted Fly Woodpecker, Green Woodpecker, Black catcher B: Yellow Wagtail, White Woodpecker, Grey-headed Woodpecker

31 BRITISH BIRDS 16. 'Coucous, Huppe, Marlin-Peebeur, 18. 'Grands Limkoks' etc' A: Oystercatcher, Black-winged Stilt, A: Kingfisher, Bee-eater, Roller, Night Avocet, Pratincole, Little Bustard B: jar B: Cuckoo, Great Spotted Cuckoo, Lapwing, Black-tailed Godwit, Stone Hoopoe, Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Curlew, Curlew 17. 'Pigeons et Tourtmlks, Foulque, Kales et Poule d'Eau' A: Rock Dove, Stock Dove, Wood- 19. 'Petits "Limicohs' pigeon, Collared Dove, Turtle Dove A: Common Sandpiper, Redshank, B: Corncrake, Water Rail, Moorhen, Snipe, Woodcock B: Kentish Plover, Coot Little Ringed Plover, Ringed Plover

76. TRETZEL, ERWIN (1965): Stimmen Einheimischer Vogel. Two 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. discs, nos. 75-0964.5 and 75-0965.5. Kosmos, Pfi2erstrasse 5-7, 7 Stuttgart 1, Germany. Two further discs in the series started by C. Fentzloff and G. Thielcke and continued by Tretzel, 31 and 65 respectively in the earlier discography. 0964,5 0965.5 A: Lapwing, Tree Sparrow, Corncrake, A: Bluethroat, Spotted Flycatcher, Cur- Water Rail B: Siskin, Magpie, Great lew, White Wagtail B: Red-backed Crested Grebe, Capercaillie Shrike, Swift, Linnet, Fieldfare

77. KIRBY, JOHN (1965): Listen . . . the Birds! Three 7-inch, 33,3 r.p.m. discs, nos. 10, 11 and 12. European Phono Club, Amsterdam. Obtainable from the Dutch Society for Bird Protection, Reguliers- gracht 9, Amsterdam, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire. These three discs are successors to the same recordist's earlier three (57 in the discography). In view of the value of knowing where and when recordings were made, as a basis for regional and temporal comparisons, John Kirby has kindly supplied me with these details which are all too seldom given on published discs. The recordings were obtained in Argyll (A), Suffolk (S), Westmorland (W) or York shire (Y) unless otherwise stated and between i960 and 1964 in the months shown.

RECORD 10 Wheatear (Shetland, May; W, Aug), A: Mallard (W, Nov), Gadwall (S, May), Stonechat (A, May) B: Ring Ouzel (Y, Shoveler (W, Apr), Teal (W, Nov; W, Apr), Spotted Flycatcher (Y, May), Pied Apr; S, May) B: Pochard (S, May), Wagtail (A, Jun), Yellow Wagtail (Y, Shelduck (S, May), Canada Goose (Y, Aug), Grey Wagtail (A, May), Corn Oct), Mute Swan (A, Jun), Whooper crake (Outer Hebrides, Jun) Swan (W, Oct/Nov), Little Grebe (Y, RECORD 12 Mar), Red-throated Diver (Shetland, A: Swift (Y, Jul), House Martin (Y, May) Jul), Blue Tit (Y, Jun), Treecreeper (Y, Jun) B: Carrion Crow (Y, Apr), Rook RECORD II (Y, Mar), Jackdaw (Y, Jul), Magpie (Y, A: Red Grouse (Y, Mar), Black Grouse Oct), Kittiwake (Northumberland, Jul), (Durham, Apr), Dunlin (Y, Sept), Sandwich Tern (Durham, Aug)

32 PALEARCTIC BIRD SOUND RECORDINGS 78. TESSON, ANDRE (1965): Chants d'Amour en Foret. One 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. disc, no. LVB 4. 'La Vie des Betes', 49 Avenue Idna, Paris i6e. The fourth in this series, the others being 49, 50 and 51. A: Woodpigeon, Chiffchaff, Willow B: Turtle Dove, Great Spotted Wood- Warbler, Garden Warbler, Blackcap, pecker, Starling, Rook, Red Deer Green Woodpecker, Golden Oriole CJrvus *'&?> Fallow Deer Dama dama' Tawny Owl 79. ROCHE, JEAN-CLAUDE (1965): Chant des Oiseaux. One 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. disc, issued with eight bird whistles. Citroen, 133 Quai Andre Citroen, Paris. This novelty was produced as a publicity give-away by the Citroen Car Company. Having practised on your pipes with recordings of the real thing as models, you are expected to drive into the country and, like the piper of Hamelin, lure into view Song Thrush, Red-legged Partridge, Blackbird, Curlew, Tawny Owl, Cuckoo, Wigeon or Sky lark. The instructions are printed in French, English, Spanish, German and Italian.

80. TRABER, HANS A. (1965): Singende Landschaft: Paysages qui Chantent. One 7-inch, 45 r.p.m. stereophonic disc, no. SHT 30. Obtainable from Hans A. Traber, Frohburgstrasse 46, Zurich 6, Switzerland. This is only the second European stereophonic disc of bird voices (see 63 in the earlier discography). A(i) Easter morning: a Blackbird is off and then comes nearer in two stages, whistling while a Woodpigeon coos in giving a sense of depth B(i) Fields and the background; in the foreground we meadows: a cock is crowing in the back- hear a Robin; a Cuckoo calls and some ground; two Skylarks sing in flight; we Carrion Crows can be heard in the hear distant bells on grazing cattle and distance; five o'clock strikes and the Carrion Crows croaking (2) Waterside Easter bells ring out (2) Deciduous trees woods: before sunrise two Cuckoos are and conifers: A Carrion Crow croaks in vying with each other; a Nightingale the background; a Fieldfare chatters and, sings in the foreground and a Golden further away, a Coal Tit sings, followed Oriole is whistling; further away, we later by a Goldcrest; Fieldfares call in hear the song of an Icterine Warbler flight and a Willow Warbler sings in the (3) Early spring: a Great Tit is calling foreground (3) Spruce forests: a Mistle close by and a Robin sings; a Great Thrush dominates the scene; a Cuckoo is Spotted Woodpecker and a Grey- calling in the background and, further headed Woodpecker drum in several away, a Woodpigeon; a Fieldfare flies different places in the background.

81. ANON (1965): Vogelstimmen: Singvogelunserer Heimat. One 10-inch, 33.3 r.p.m. disc, no. 60812. Electrola, Germany. A: Blackbird, Song Thrush, Robin, B: Skylark, Meadow Pipit, Goldfinch, Great Tit, Blue Tit, Chaffinch, Green- whitethroat, Woodlark, Dunnock, Corn finch, Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, Green „ • „ , w, , , c , w, ,, Woodpecker, Blackcap, Garden Warb- Buntlng' Reed Warbler' Sedge Warbler' ler, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Marsh Warbler, Grasshopper Warbler, Nightingale Reed Bunting, Moorhen, Coot

33 BRITISH BIRDS CROSS-INDEX OF SPECIES 217 birds, sound-production by which can be heard on the gramophone records 70 to 81, are listed below in systematic order based on Peterson et al. (in press). The vernacular and scientific names generally follow this same reference work or Vaurie (1959-64).

Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata, 77 Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, 70, Little Grebe Podiceps ruficollis, 77 75 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus, Ringed Plover Cbaradrius hiaticula, 75 7°> 76 Little Ringed Plover Cbaradrius dubius, Bittern Botaurus stellaris, 70, 71, 74 75 Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus, 71 Kentish Plover Cbaradrius alexandrinus, Night Heron Nycticorax nyctkorax, 71 75 Little Egret Egretta garêtta, 71 Lapwing Vanellus vanellus, 70, 75, 76 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, 70 Dunlin Calidris alpina, 77 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea, 71 Redshank Tringa totanus, 70, 75 White Stork Ciconia ciconia, 70, 71 Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos, 75 Black Stork Ciconia nigra, 70 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, 70, Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber, 71 73.75 Canada Goose Bran/a canadensis, 77 Curlew Numenius arquata, 74, 75, 76, 79 Mute Swan Cygnus olor, 77 Woodcock Scolopax rusticola, 75 Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus, -JJ Snipe Gallinago gallinago, 71, 75 Shelduck Tadorna tadorna, 77 Swinhoe's Snipe Gallinago megala, 72 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, 71, 77 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus biman- Teal Anas crecca, 77 topus, 75 Gadwall Anas strepera, JJ Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, 70, 75 Wigeon Anas penelope, 77, 79 Stone Curlew Burbinus oedicnemus, 75 Shoveler Anas clypeata, 77 Pratincole Glareola pratincola, 75 Pochard Aythyaferina, 77 Little Gull Laraj- minutus, 74 Osprey Pandion haliaetus, 70 Black-headed Gull Larex ridibundus, 71, Goshawk Accipiter genii/is, 72, 73, 74 74 Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, 70. Herring Gull Laror argentatus, 71 Buzzard Buteo buteo, 70 Kittiwake Rtfia tridactyla, JJ Hobby Falco subbuteo, 70 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne tscbegrava, 73 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus, 71 Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis, 77 Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, 77 Little Tern Sterna albifrons, 73 Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus, 75 Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Pterocles alchata, Hazel Hen Tetrastes bonasia, 75 75 Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix, 74, 75, 76 Woodpigeon Columba palumbus, 70, 74, Capercaillie Telrao urogallus, 75, 76 75. 78> 80 Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca, 75 Rock Dove Columba livia, 75 Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara, 75 Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto, 71, Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa, 75, 75 79 Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur, 75, 78 Partridge Perdix perdix, 71, 75 Rufous Turtle Dove Streptopelia orienta- Quail Coturnix coturnix, 70, 71, 73, 75 lis, 72 Pheasant Phasianus colchicus, 70, 71, 75 Cuckoo Cuculus canorus, 70, 74, 75, 79, 80 Water Rail Ral/us aquaticus, 74, 75, 76 Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus, 72 Corncrake O-ex crex, 74, 75, 76, 77 Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glan- Moorhen Gallinula chloropus, 70, 75, 81 darius, 75 Coot Fulica atra, 70, 75, 81 Barn Owl Tyto alba, 75 Little Bustard O/M tetrax, 75 Eagle Owl Bubo bubo, 73, 75 34 PALEARCTIC BIRD SOUND RECORDINGS Long-eared Owl Asio olus, 71, 75 Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris, 75 Short-eared Owl Asio fiammeus, 75 Dunnock Prunella /nodularis, 70, 71, 81 Scops Owl Olus scops, 71, 75 Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti, 71 Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus, 75 Chinese Bush Warbler Pradypterus tac- Little Owl Athene noclua, 71, 75 sanowskius, 72 Gray's Grasshopper Warbler Locustella Pygmy Owl Glaucidiumpasserinum, 75 fasciolata, 72 Tawny Owl Slrix aluco, 70, 75, 78, 79 Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides, 73 Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, 70, 74, 75 River Warbler Locustella fiuviati/isj}, 74 Pallid Swift Apus pallidus, 75 Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler Locustella Swift yl/>«.r a/uw, 75, 76, 77 certhiola, 72 Alpine Swift >!/><« melba, 75 Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia, Kingfisher Alcedo alibis, 75 7°. 7*> 73. 74. 81 Bee-eater Merops apiasler, 71, 75 Lanceolated Warbler 'Locustella lanceo- Roller Coracias garrulus, 75 lata, 72 Hoopoe Upupa epops, 71, 75 Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Wryneck j[)wx lorquilla, 70, 74, 75 70, 74, 81 Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus Green Woodpecker P/f«r viridis, 75, 78, dumetorum, 74 81 Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris, 70, Grey-headed Woodpecker Picas canus, 73. 74. 81 75,80 Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus, 70, Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martins, 74, 71, 74, 81 75 Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arun- Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos dinaceus, 70, 71, 74 major, 70, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81 Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus aedon, Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos 72 media, 75 Icterinc Warbler Hippolais icterina, 70, White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos 71, 74, 80 leucotos, 75 Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria, 74 Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos Garden Warbler Sylvia borin, 70, 74, 78, minor, 74, 75 81 Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tri- Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, 70, 74, 78, 81 dactylus, 75 Whitethroat Sylvia communis, 70, 71, 74, Woodlark Lullula arbcrea, 74, 81 81 Skylark Alauda arvensis, 70,74, 79,8o, 81 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca, 70, 71, Sand Martin Riparia riparia, 73, 75 74 Crag Martin Ilirundo rupeslris, 75 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Swallow Hirundo rustica, 70, 75 70, 74, 78, 80, 81 House Martin Delichon urbica, 70, 75, 77 Chittcbaff Phylloscopus collybita, 70, 73, 74, Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris, 75 78, 81 Indian Tree Pipit Anthus hodgsoni, 72 Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis, 75, 81 trislis, 72 Tree Pipit Anthus trivia/is, 70, 74, 75 Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarî, 72 Water/Rock Pipit Anthus spinoktta, 75 Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix, 70, Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava,75 , 77 73.74 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea, 77 Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis, 72 Pied/White Wagtail Motacilla alba, 74, Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochi- 75. 76. 77 loides, 73, 74 Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio, 76 Goldcrest Regulus regulus, 70, 73, 75, 80 Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus, 70 Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus, 75 Dipper Cinclus cinclus, 73, 75 Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, 70, 74, Wren Troglodytes troglodytes, 70, 74, 75 75 35 BRITISH BIRDS Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, 75 Treecreeper Certhia familiaris, 70, 75, 77 Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki, Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachy- 72 dactyla, 75 Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva, Corn Bunting Emberiâ calandra, 70, 73, 7°. 7J> 74 81 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata, 75, Yellowhammer Emberiâ citrinella, 70, 76»77 7i»74 Whinchat Saxicola rubetra, 70, 71, 73 Ortolan Bunting Emberiâ hortulana, 74 Stonechat Saxicola torquata, 74, 77 Rustic Bunting Emberisp rustica, 72 Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe, 70, 77 Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiâ aure Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros, 73 ola, 74 Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus, 70, 74 Reed Bunting Emberiâ schoeniclus, 70, Robin Erithacus ruhecula, 70, 74, 8o, 81 74,81 Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos, 70, 80, Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, 70, 74, 81 81 Brambling Fringilla montifringilla, 72 Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia, 70, Citril Finch Carduelis citrinella, 75 74 Serin Serinus serinus, 73, 75 Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope, 72 Greenfinch Carduelis chloris, 70, 74, 81 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica, 76 Siskin Carduelis spinus, 75, 76 Siberian Blue Robin Luscinia cyane, 72 Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis, 73, 81 Swinhoe's Pseudorobin Pseudaedon sihi- Linnet Carduelis cannabina, 70, 71, 76 lans, 72 Redpoll Carduelis flammea, 75 Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus, 72 Scarlet Grosbeak Carpodacus erythrinus, Fieldfare Turdus pilaris, 74, 76, 80 74 Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus, 77 Crossbill Loxia curvirostra, 75 Blackbird Turdus merula, 70, 74, 79, 80, Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula, 75 81 House Sparrow Passer domesticus, 73 Redwing Turdus iliacus, 70, 74 Tree Sparrow Passer montanus, 73, 76 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos, 70, 74, Snow Finch Montifringilla nivalis, 75 79,81 Starling Sturnus vulgaris, 70, 74, 75, 78 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus, 70,71,80 Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus, 70, 74, 79, White's Thrush Zoothera dautna, 72 80 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus, 74 Jay Garrulus glandarius, 70 Willow Tit Parus montanus, 74 Magpie Pica pica, 70, 74, 76, 77 Crested Tit Parus cristatus, 73 Coal Tit Parus ater, 80 Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes, 72 Blue Tit Parus caeruleus, 70, 77, 81 Jackdaw Corvus monedula, 70, 73, 77 Great Tit Parus major, 70, 74, 80, 81 Rook Corvus frugilegus, 77, 78 Nuthatch Sitta europaea, 73, 75 Carrion Crow Corvus corone, 70,72, 77, 80 Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria, 75 Raven Corvus corax, 70

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Information about new records was kindly provided by the Citroen Company, R. S. R. Fitter, John Kirby, Jan Lindblad, V. I. Marcov, Prof. Juhani Paatela, Jean-Claude Roche, Hans Traber, Erwin Tretzel, Boris N. Veprintsev, Sten Wahlstrom, Brian Watkins and Carl Weis- mann. Jean-Claude Roche, Sture Palmer and Miss Susan Taylor were good enough to write to me about their new unpublished recordings. Leonard Petts is due a particular vote of thanks for his painstaking research on my behalf into the very early records. D. D. Harber undertook translations from the Russian, and Mrs. Anne Norris (nee

36 NOTES Deane) from the German and French. Donald Glanville compiled the cross-index, and the whole was carefully checked and typed by Mrs. Anne Norris. The presentation, nomenclature and systematics are much the better for a thorough checking by James Ferguson-Lees and I am particularly grateful to him for keeping me on the straight and narrow.

REFERENCES BOSWAIX, J. (1964): 'A tocography of Palearctic bird sound recordings'. Brit. Birds, 57: special supplement. PETERSON, R., MOUNTFORT, G., and HOLLOM, P. A. D. (in press): A Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe. London. Revised edition. VAURIE, C. (1959-64): The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna. London. 2 vols.