Families and Health: a Review

Gabriele Doblhammer Jordi Gumà Editors A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe Gabriele Doblhammer • Jordi Gumà Editors A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe Editors Gabriele Doblhammer Jordi Gumà Institute for Sociology and Demography Department of Political and Social Sciences University of Rostock University Pompeu Fabra Rostock Barcelona Germany Spain and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE) Bonn Germany and Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change Rostock Germany ISBN 978-3-319-72355-6 ISBN 978-3-319-72356-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72356-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962045 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018. 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Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Framework ............................................... 1 Jordi Gumà and Gabriele Doblhammer Summary and Research Implications ........................... 9 Gabriele Doblhammer and Jordi Gumà Part I Keynote Chapters Families and Health: A Review ............................... 23 Karsten Hank and Anja Steinbach The New Roles of Men and Women and Implications for Families and Societies .................................... 41 Livia Sz. Oláh, Irena E. Kotowska and Rudolf Richter Sex Differences in Health and Survival ......................... 65 Anna Oksuzyan, Jordi Gumà and Gabriele Doblhammer Part II Country Specific Chapters Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Household Position and Health in Twelve European Countries: Are They Associated with the Value Climate? ..................................... 103 Gabriele Doblhammer and Jordi Gumà Similarity of Perceived Health Between Household Members: The “Mutual Influences” Hypothesis ........................... 133 Patrizia Giannantoni and Viviana Egidi Household Position, Parenthood, and Self-reported Adult Health. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence from the Austrian Generations and Gender Survey .............................. 155 Isabella Buber-Ennser and Doris Hanappi v vi Contents The Contextual and Household Contribution to Individual Health Status in Germany: What Is the Role of Gender and Migration Background? ............................................. 193 Daniela Georges, Daniel Kreft and Gabriele Doblhammer Health-Risk Behaviour of Women and Men—Differences According to Partnership and Parenthood. Results of the German Health Update (GEDA) Survey 2009–2010 ............................ 233 Elena von der Lippe and Petra Rattay Fertility Histories and Health in Later Life in Italy ................ 263 Cecilia Tomassini, Giorgio Di Gessa and Viviana Egidi The Effect of Current Family Situation on Slow Walking Speed at Old Age ............................................... 283 Gabriele Doblhammer, Steffen Peters, Debora Rizzuto and Anna-Karin Welmer Contributors Isabella Buber-Ennser Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria Giorgio Di Gessa Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK Gabriele Doblhammer German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany Viviana Egidi Department of Statistics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Daniela Georges Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany Patrizia Giannantoni La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Jordi Gumà Department of Political and Social Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain Doris Hanappi University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA; Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Vienna, Austria Karsten Hank Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Irena E. Kotowska Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland Daniel Kreft Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany vii viii Contributors Anna Oksuzyan Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany Livia Sz. Oláh Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Steffen Peters Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany Petra Rattay Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany Rudolf Richter Department of Sociology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Debora Rizzuto Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden Anja Steinbach Institute of Sociology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany Cecilia Tomassini Department of Economics, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy Elena von der Lippe Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany Anna-Karin Welmer Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden Framework Jordi Gumà and Gabriele Doblhammer Family has been shown to be one of the most relevant socio-demographic factors in understanding health differences among individuals in Western countries. The difference in survival between the married and not married population was stated by William Farr as early as the 19th Century (Farr 1885). However, although the health advantages of those who live with a partner were already well known, the interest in this factor has increased among scholars in the past three decades. This increase has run parallel to two interrelated changes in traditional patterns which are contributing to reshape current European societies: diversification of family forms and the subsequent acceptance of the new forms among individuals; and the increase of female empowerment due to a progressive reduction of the gender gap. The diversification of family forms has led to a more complex scenario that extends beyond merely comparing married and not-married individuals. At the same time, the traditional gender roles that men and women used to play within the context of the families in the past have also been modified. This family diversification and the process of gender balancing has not occurred with the same intensity and timing in all European countries. It has been stated that both processes have spread from the North and West to the South and East of the Continent (Surkyn and Lesthaeghe 2004). With these changes, family as a social determinant of health has become an ever more important factor of health, one which is rooted at the meso-level and extends beyond individual characteristics at the micro-level. Indeed, when one thinks about family, one figures a context where individuals provide J. Gumà (&) Department of Political and Social Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain e-mail: [email protected] G. Doblhammer Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock Germany e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2018 1 G. Doblhammer and J. Gumà (eds.), A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72356-3_1 2 J. Gumà and G. Doblhammer resources of different natures (economic, knowledge, social ties, etc.) and share these with the other members, thus compensating for or reinforcing existing individual advantages or disadvantages. To understand the complex relationship of this triangle of family, gender, and health, one must understand

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