Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Volume 84 Number Article 6

1977

Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin

M. S. Hummel University of Northern Iowa

A. C. Haman University of Northern Iowa

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Recommended Citation Hummel, M. S. and Haman, A. C. (1977) "Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 84(3), 110-118. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol84/iss3/6

This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hummel and Haman: Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin 110

Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin

M. S. HUMMEL and A. C. HAMAN

HUMMEL, M. S. AND A. C. HAMAN (Department ofBiology,'Univer­ recorded prior to 1920. Two species, Aeshna canadensis Walker and Aeshna sity of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50613). Notes on the Odonata of the interrupta lineata Walker, collected in 1975, represent new records for the state Cedar-Iowa River Basin. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 84 (1977): 110-118. of Iowa. Distribution maps of the 82 species reported within the basin are Past and present studies of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin indicate that 82 species included. of Odonata inhabit the basin. Of the 82 species reported since the tum of the INDEX D ESCRIPTORS: Odonata; Iowa-Cedar River Basin. century, 60 species were collected from I 971 -1975; the remaining species were

Aquatic insects can serve as biological indicators of water quality ing was done by Hummel in Butler, Grundy , Hancock, Hardin, Mus­ (Hart and Fuller, 1974). Monitoring aquatic insect populations pro­ catine, and Tama counties. Sixty species were taken in these studies, of vides useful information in trend analysis of aquatic communities. Lack which Aeshna canadensis Walker, Aeshna interrupta lineata Walker, of historical data makes trend analyses of riparian environments in Iowa were new to the state. Forty-two of the 60 species had been previously virtually impossible (Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, reported. 1975). Notes presented in this paper summarize past observations As collecting by all authors was random, it is impossible to arrive at concerning the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin and report definitive conclusions concerning the exact status of different species recent observations concerning this fauna. Such information, although ofOdonata. However, some inferences can be made from the collection incomplete, affords some insight into the aquatic diversification within data. For example, 70 percent of the 60 species recently collected the basin which supports a rich odonate fauna. commonly occurred in the checklists of all previous workers, 20 percent were of uncommon occurrence, and IO percent were rarely ADULTS reported. It would appear that 90 percent of the species are reasonably well established in the basin. Past investigations of the odonates of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin Distribution of all species within the basin reported by all workers is involved only the collection of adult specimens. The majority of the indicated on maps in Plates I to 5. These maps reflect the collecting Odonata reported from the basin have been collected between 1900 and localities of the different workers and do not indicate a definitive 1917 by four investigators. Additional specimens are in the Iowa State distribution of each species. Study of the maps indicate that most University Insect Collection and in the personal collection of Hummel. gomphid species, which are truly rivarine, were collected at the lower The first records obtained within the basin were those of Miller end of the basin, an area not recently collected. In addition, gomphids ( 1906). He collected for two days along the Cedar River at Waterloo, are high fliers with long life cycles and do not occur as commonly in any and reported 28 species, of which Anomalgrion hastatum (Say), Ma­ collection of adult odonates as other species. The maps reflect a dearth cromia illinoiensis Walsh, andGomphus ventricosus Walsh were never of collection data from the upper portion of the basin which contains reported again for the basin or the state. some unique habitats. While writing a thesis, Whedon (1912, 1914) collected in the basin Table I lists all the species of Odonata known to occur within the on two separate occasions. The first was from 1900 to 1901 in the basin. Those species captured by each investigator are designated by an vicinity of Iowa City. In 1906, he resumed his collecting on the Iowa "X" in the column beneath the investigator's name. A " status" River and included an area upstream from Marshalltown in Wright, column is included in the table and denotes a prefunctory evaluation of Hardin, and Marshall counties. Upon the completion of his studies, in the status of each species listed. This evaluation was determined after 1910, he reported 40 species, of which Argia violaceae (Hagen), reviewing the number of workers reporting a species, the repetitive Gomphus exilis Selys, Hagenius brevistylus Selys, Boyeria vinosa capture of species in the field during recent collecting, and an (Say), and Epiaeschna heros (Fabricius) were never again reported examination of specimen records in regions adjacent to the basin. from the basin. Status designations are rare (R}, uncommon (U) , and common (C). In Wilson (I 909, 1920) also collected in the basin on two separate this system, species collected by two workers may be designated as rare occasions. The first was in 1907 while working for the United States due to the lack of occurrence of species in the field, whereas species Department of Interior and then again from 1915 to 1917 while working reported by only one author may be designated as common due to its at a fish hatchery at Fairport. Wilson reported 45 species, of which recent, repeated collection. The status designations are followed by an Macromia taeniolata Rambur, Gomphus crassus Hagen, Aeshna ver­ " X" where studies with respect to limnological factors affecting the ticalis Hagen, andBasiaeschnajanata (Say) were never again reported nymphs of that species have been conducted in areas outside the basin. from the basin. During the summer of 1916, while working for the Department of NYMPHS Zoology at Iowa State College, Wells (1917) collected in the Muscatine-Fairport area. He reported 33 species, of which only Enal­ Studies involving odonate nymphs within the basin are virtually lagma aspersum (Hagen) was never again reported. Of all past collec­ nonexistent. However, studies conducted by other workers outside the tions, only Wells' has remained in the state and is located in the Iowa basin indicate that nymphs of different species occupy a wide variety of State University Insect Collection. aquatic habitats and represent the stage of development most affected From 1917 to 1971 there was little collecting within the basin. From by differences in water quality (Hart and Fuller, 1974). Different 1971 to 1973, intensive collecting occured in Black Hawk County species of nymphs reflect varying tolerances to water quality and (Hummel and Haman, 1975). During this interval less intensive collect- exhibit a broad degree of habitat selection. For example, of the species

Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1977 1 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 84 [1977], No. 3, Art. 6 0DONATA OF THE CEDAR-IOWA R IVER B ASIN 111

TABLE 1. Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin Anisoptera

Species Miller Whedon Wilson Wells Hummel Status Gomphidae Gomphus amnicola (Walsh) X X X ux Gomphus cornutus Tough X X u Gomphus crassus Hagen X R Gomphus exilis Selys X RX Gomphus externus Hagen X X X ex Gomphus Jraternus (Say) X X X X ex Gomphus graslinellus Walsh X X ux Gomphus notatus (Ramb.) X X u Gomphus pallidus Ramb. X X u Gomphus plagiatus (Selys) X X ux Gomphus submedianus Will. X X X e Gomphus vastus Walsh X X ux Gomphus ventricosus Walsh X RX Hagenius brevistylus Selys X RX Aeshnidae Aeshna canadensis Walk. X RX Aeshna constricta Say X X e Aeshna interrupta lineata Walk. X RX Aeshna umbrosa Walk. X ux Aeshna verticalis Hagen X u Anax junius (Drury) X X X X X ex Basiaeschna janata (Say) X RX Boyeria vinosa (Say) X RX Epiaeschna heros (Fabr.) X RX Nasiaeschna pentacantha (Ramb.) X X RX Macromidae Ma cromia illinoiensis Walsh X R Macromia taeniolata Ramb. X R Corduliidae Epicordulia princeps (Hagen) X X X X ex Platycordulia xanthosoma Will. R Tetragoneuria cynosura (Say) X X ex Libellulidae Celithemis elisa (Hagen) X e Celithemis eponina (Drury) X X X e Erythemis simplicicollis (Say) X X X X X ex Holotania luctuosa (Burm.) X X X X X ex Leucorrhinia intacta Hagen X X X X e Libellula quadrimaculata (Linn.) X u Neotetrum pulchellum (Drury) X X X X X ex Pachydiplax longipennis (Burm.) X X X X X ex Pantala flavescens (Fabr.) X X X ex Pantala hymenaea (Say) X X X X e Perithemis tenera (Say) X X X ex Plathemis Lydia (Drury) X X X X X ex Sympetrum costiferum (Hagen) X R Sympetrum corruptum (Hagen) X X X e Sympetrum fasciatum Walk . X R Sympetrum internum Mont. X e Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen) X X X X e Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say) X X X e Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen) X X X X ex

https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol84/iss3/6 2 Hummel and Haman: Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin 112 PROC. IOWA ACAD . S CI. 84 ( 1977)

Species Miller Whedon Wilson Wells Hummel Status (cont.) (cont. ) (cont.) (cont.) (cont.) (cont. ) (cont. ) Tramea lacerata Hagen X X X e Tramea o n11 sta Hagen X X u SUBTOTAL so 14 21 28 24 33

Zygoptera Calopterygidae Calopteryx aequabi/is Say X X e Calopteryx maculata (Beauv.) X X X X ex Hetaerina americana (Fabr.) X X X X X ex Hetaerina titia (Drury) X X ex Lestidae A rchilestes grand is (Ramb.) X ux Lestes congener (Hagen) X R Lestes drya.1· Kirby X X X X e Lestes eurinus Say X X u Leste.1· jorcipatus Ramb. X X X X e Leste.1· rectangularis Say X X X X X e Lestes unguiculatus Hagen X X X X e Leste.1· 1·igi/ax Hagen X X R Coenagrionidae Amphiagrio n sp. X X u Anomalagrion hastatum (Say) X R Argia apica/is (Say) X X X ex Argia moesta (Hagen) X X X ex Argia tibia/i s (Ramb.) X X X ex Argia 1·io/acae (Hagen) X ex Coenagrion re.rnlutum (Hagen) X X R Enallagma antenna/Um (Say) X X X X ex Enal/agma aspersum (Hagen) X R Enallagma boreale Selys X X u Enal/agma carunculatum Morse X X ux Enal/agma civile (Hagen) X X ex Enallagma ebrium (Hagen) X X X e Enallagma exsulans (Hagen) X ux Enallagma geminatum Kell. X X u Enal/agma hageni Walsh X X X X e

Enallagma signatum (Hagen) X X X ex lschnura posita (Hagen) X X RX lschnura verticali s (Say) X X X X X ex Nehalennia irene (Hagen) X X X X e SUBTOTAL 32 14 19 17 9 27 TOTAL SPECIES 82 28 40 45 33 60

known to occ ur in th e bas in , Argia apicali.1· (Say) , Argia moesta Roback and Westfall ( 1967) to be species that are to lerant to alk alinities (Hagen), Enal/agma signatum (Hagen), lschnura posita (Hagen), above 210 ppm . Simi larly , they re ported , o f those species studied , th at Boyeria 1•inosa, and Epicordulia princeps (Hagen) are re ported by Hetaerina sp. , Argia moesta , Argia violaceae. Enal/agma civile

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Table II. Zygopteran Host Plant Records Species Host Plants Authority Archilestes grandis (Ramb.) Salix sp., Ulmus sp. (Corbet, 1962) Enallagma exsulans (Hagen) Potamogeton sp. (Corbet, 1962) Hetaerina americana (Fabr.) Salix nigra (Bick & Sulzbach, 1966) Ischnura posita (Hagen) Spirodela sp. (Bick & Bick, 1958) lestes dryas Kirby Iris sp. (Corbet, 1962) lestes unguiculatus Hagen Iris sp ., Sparganium sp. (Bic k & Homuff, 1965); (Corbet, 1962)

(Hagen), Enallagma signatum (Hagen), lschnura posita, Gomphus limnological data, this seems a plausible concept as long as the vastus Walsh, Basiaeschna janata, Boyeria vinosa, and Erythemis pollution is not of a type that alters aquatic plant life. Since th e Cedar simplicicollis (Say) were tolerant to c hl oride pollution in Ri ver most approximates the original riparian habitats within the basin concentrations exceeding 1000 ppm. Only one species of Odonata (Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, 1975) it would seem stud ied by Hart and Fuller ( 1974) was reported to be tolerant to water imperative to initiate a systematic sampling program, with respect to with a pH above 8.5. Of the species occurring in the basi n, the nymphs, before further deterioration of the environment occurs. approx imately 50 percent have little or no limnological data reported in Such systematic sampling should facilitate future trend analyses of the literature. aq uatic communities within the basi n. In addition to re fl ecting varying tolerances to the physical parameters of aquati c communities, odonate nymphs may also be affected by ACKNOWLEDG EMENT biological parameters of aquatic communities. Being entomaphagous as adults and carni vores as nymphs they depend upon small A special note of thanks to Dr. M. J. Westfa ll fo r assistance in invertebrates fo r food. Many species are dependent upon aquatic identifying and confirming the two state record s reported in thi s paper. vegetat ion fo r cover and oviposition sites. Species of the family Aeshnidae and the genus Hagenius prefer vegetation along banks and shorelines (Hart and Full er, 1974) . Anisopterans of the genera LITERATURE CITED Macromia , Sympetrum , and Tramea prefer emergent vegetation in their habitats (Hart and Fuller, 1974). Zygopterans are dependent upon BI CK, G. H., and J.C. BICK. 1958. The ecology ofOdonata at a small creek in aq uatic vegetation due to their endophytic ovipostional behavior. Table southern Oklahoma. J . Tenn . Acad. Sci. 33:240-251. II indicates species occurring in the bas in that have published record s __, and L. E. HORNUFF. 1965 . Behavior of the damselfly, Lestes un­ reporting observati ons concerning oviposition. Such records are guiculatus Hagen (Odonata: Lestidae). Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. for /965. sparce, but reflect some degree of dependence of zygopterans upon 75:II0-115. aquatic vegetation for completion of their life cycles. Ovipositional __, and D. SULZBACH. 1966. Reproductive behavior of the damselfly, Hetaerina americana (Fab.) (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Animal Behavior plant-host records within the basin represent a fruitful area of study with 4:156-1 58. reference to future management of the river bas in . CORBET, P. S. 1962. A biology of dragonflies. H. F. & G. Withergy Ltd . London. SUMMARY HART, C. W ., Jr. , and L. H. FULLER. 1974. Pollution ecology off reshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York . Past and current specie s lists indicate 82 species of Odonata inhabit HUMMEL, S. , and A. C. HAMAN . 1975 . Notes on the Odonata of Black or have inhabited the Cedar-Iowa River Basin. Of the 82 species, 44 are Hawk County, Iowa. Ent. News 86:63-64. common throughout the basin; 18 are of uncommon occurrence and Iowa Department of Environmental Quality_ 1975. lowa water quality report may represent a dependence upon restricted habitats; 20 species are ( /975). Water Quality Management Division, Planning and Analysis Sec­ tion. rarely coll ected and their status is problematical. Two species, Aeshna MILLER, N. 1906. Some notes on the dragonflies of Waterloo, Iowa. Ent. canadensis and Aeshna interrupta lineata represent new records fo r the News 17:357-361 . state. ROBACK , S. S. , and M. J. WESTFALL, Jr. 1967. New records of Odonata Records of nymphs within the basin are scarce. The systematic nymphs from the United States and Canada with water quality data. Trans. coll ection of nymphs with accompanying limnological data and floral Amer. Ent . Soc. 93:101-123. habitat descriptions represent a useful area of study. According to Hart WELLS, L. 1917 . Odonata of Iowa. Proc. la. Acad. Sci. 24:327-3 33 . and Full er ( 1974) polluted conditions, within limits, appear to favor WHEDON, A . D. 1912. Odonata of Iowa . Masters Thesis, Uni v. of Iowa 79 zygopteran species, particularly members of the genera Argia, pp. + plates. Isc hn ura, and Enallagma . Since no thorough systemati c collection data __. 1914. Preliminary notes on the Odonata of southern Minnesota . Rep. Minn. State Ent. 13 & 14:77-103. is available concerning odonate nymphs within the Cedar-Iowa River WILSON, C . B. 1909. Dragonflies of the Mississippi Valley collected during Basin, it is impossible to note any definitive trends with respect to shifts the pearl mussel investigations of the Mississippi Ri ver, July and August in species composition . Hart and Fuller ( 1974) suggest a tentative 1907 . Proc. U.S. Nat . Mus. 26:653 -671. hypothesis which proposes that with increased pollution, species ratios __. 1920. Dragonflies and damselflies in relation to pondfish culture, with a within a region will shift in favor of zygopterans . In view of current list of those fo und near Fairport, Iowa. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish . 36: 182-264 .

https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol84/iss3/6 4 Hummel and Haman: Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin 114 PROC. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 84 ( 1977)

Distribution of Odonata Cedar- Iowa River Basin Plate I

Calopteryx aequabilis Say 0 Archilntes gr.rndis ! Ramb.l D

Calopteryx maculala (Buuv.) 0 Lestn conaencr Hagen •

He11erina americ:ma (Fabr.) e Lesln dryas Kirby 0

He1aerina titia mrury) • Leste5 eurinus Say •

Cedar ' r, lhpld\ :· ' r,, 'r<\:, ~- - ~,0._--, ~ l ,,._l \ ', ·c,,·--\'

''--l

Laces forcipalus R1mb. • Arp apical.ii lS• yl 0 Lata rutanpbris Say • A,pa mocsl• IH ..1 n) • Lala u...,.iculatus Hagen 0 Arp tibialil IR1mb.l 0

Laces •ipax Hagen 0 ArJia violacea IH• nl •

____ _. , __. - ,l_ " - ...... _ ... - ,.__ -,l... , .. _t\ ' .. } \ '' -\,,l \ _',,,l --, --, , .. _____ ''---· ''--··- ''- ----

Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1977 5 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 84 [1977], No. 3, Art. 6 0DONATA OF THE CEDAR-IOWA R IVER B ASIN 115

Distribution of Odonata Cedar- Iowa River Basin Plate 2

A mphiasrion sp. • • Coenapion rnolutum (tb1en) • £..Uacm• caunculatwn Mor• 0

Enallapna antennahlm (Say) 0 0 •

-----'----L -- ',} \ ', _ ',,,i

EziaDapna exaulans ( H ...n) 0 -po,italH- 1 • Eaallapn• 1emirlarum KelL • llcluaun .erticalil 1Sayl 0 EaaUatm• hlcffli Wahh 0 Nehaltnnill in:nt IH ...n) • E.m.llapl• aipatwn IH.,.nl •

------'----L ------'----L -- ' .. } \ ' ... } \ ', _ ',_ \,,j '---1-- , ' '---,,_.I"· __ https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol84/iss3/6 6 Hummel and Haman: Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin

116 PROC. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 84 (1977)

Distribution of Odonata Cedar-Iowa River Basin Plate 3

-··\~

Gomphus comutus Tough • Gomphus uilis S1ly1 0

Gomphus pallidus Ramb.. D Gomphus sru linellus Walsh •

Gomphw submedianus Will 0 Gomphus amni<:ola (Walsh ~ 0

Gomphus c:rassus H•n • Gomphw notatus IRamb.l e

',,,_,-,,--,l -,,_; \ ...... __ :::-, __- ... L... ,,_.,"\ ',_ ------i ----i

Gompllils utemus H..-, e Gomphus plaJiatus (Sdys) •

Gomphw fratffllW {Say) 0 Buiaad'IN janau IS.vi O

Gomphus vat\11 Wahh • Boyeria vinosa !Sayl •

Gomphus vmlricosus Webh 0 Anax juniw (Ofury) O

--.. _.,- ,.. ---i. .. ,,)· '\ ...... _:::-, __ - .. i. .. ,,}... \ \_ ----i \._', ..... c: __ ''---'---.-· --

Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1977 7 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 84 [1977], No. 3, Art. 6 0DONATA OF THE CEDAR-I OWA RI VER B AS IN 11 7

Distribution of Odonata Cedar-Iowa River Basin Plate 4

Epiaeschna huos (F1br.) .. Atshna ver1K:1\is H1g1n • Aeshna canadeMis Walk. D Epia:ndulia princeps !Hagen ) •

Atshna constricta S1y 0 Tec:na:oneuria cynosun1 !Say) D

Auhna intemipla lineata Walk. • Holounia luctuosa (Burm.I 0 Atshna umbrosa Walk. •

l..il>dlula quadrimaculata (Linn.I 0 Ery them is simpli.icoUt'i (S av i 0

Ne<>tetrum pulcheUum (Drury) • Pachydiplax lonaipenni~ !Burm.I e

Plathemis lydia tDruryl 0 Sympctrum co~ri frrum tHagenl D

PerithcmtS trncn. (Say) • Symp,trum rorruplum !Ha~nl •

https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol84/iss3/6 8 Hummel and Haman: Notes on the Odonata of the Cedar-Iowa River Basin 118 PROC. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 84 (1977)

Distribution of Odonata Cedar-Iowa River Basin Plate 5

Sympeb1lm vicinum (Haven! Sympetrum fa)Ollum Walk. • • Sympetn.im intmium Mont. 0 Celithemis eliu IH ..en t •

Celidlemll eponina (Orury) 0 Sympetrum oblrusum (Hagan) • ..?\~I -- ---; Leuconhinil intactll Hagan 0 Sympeb'Um rubicundulum (Sa y) 0 0.,,.\,j\

\ __ l -\--l

Pinta.la Oavescens (Fabf.) • Anomalapion hastatum (Say) 0 Pantala bymrMea (Say) • Hast:NUS brn-istylus Saly, • Trama lacenta Hegan 0 Naiaetc:h111 pmtacanlha IRamb.l 0

Tramn onusta Hagen 0 Macromia illinoiensis Walth • Macromia taen iollta Ramb. " Plltycordulia onthosoma Will ..

---._.::-,_ ___L,,_: \ ...... _:::-, .... ~-... L.... ,,J.... \ '-,, ...... 1 I '-,, __ l

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