Ferocactus Haematacanthus

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T152800A679954

Ferocactus haematacanthus

Assessment by: Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C. 2013. Ferocactus haematacanthus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T152800A679954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152800A679954.en

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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Cactaceae

Taxon Name: Ferocactus haematacanthus (Monv. ex Salm-Dyck) Bravo ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth

Synonym(s): • Echinocactus electracanthus variety haematacanthus Monv. ex Salm-Dyck

Taxonomic Source(s): Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK. Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria: Endangered B1ab(iii,v) ver 3.1

Year Published: 2013

Date Assessed: April 28, 2009

Justification: This species has a restricted extent of occurrence (EOO approximately 4,000 km2), its population is severely fragmented and it is suffering a continuing decline due to land use change for agriculture. Hence it is listed as Endangered under Criterion B1. The species is large and potentially long lived, and there are about ten subpopulations with a total population of less than 2,500 mature individuals (potentially substantially less) and almost certainly meets the criteria for Endangered under Criterion C. Geographic Range

Range Description: This species is endemic to the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico, and is distributed only in the States of Puebla and Veracruz (Arias et al. 1997; Hunt et al. 2006), at elevations of 1,800 - 2,400 m asl.

Country Occurrence: Native: Mexico (Puebla, Veracruz)

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Ferocactus haematacanthus – published in 2013. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152800A679954.en Population The species is not abundant and occurs at low densities at the known localities. There are no studies on the population trends, however, a decline can be inferred from field observations; many individuals have disappeared from known subpopulations. Current Population Trend: Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) The species occurs in xerophyllous scrub and oak chaparral on calcareous soils. It flowers between March and May and produces fruits between July and November (Arias et al. 1987).

Systems: Terrestrial

Use and Trade There is no known use or trade of the species.

Threats (see Appendix for additional information) The major threat is habitat fragmentation as a result of land conversion to agriculture.

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) The species occurs within the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (Méndez-Larios et al. 2006). This species is listed in the Mexican list of species at risk of extinction, NOM-SEMARNAT-059-2010 as in need of special protection (Pr; SEMARNAT 20010). The species is propagated locally in a government certified nursery, and also is successfully grown in ex-situ conservation programs in the EU (Stoie 2007). Credits

Assessor(s): Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C.

Reviewer(s): Chanson, J.S. & Goettsch, B.K.

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Ferocactus haematacanthus – published in 2013. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152800A679954.en Bibliography Arias, M.S., Gama, S. and Guzmán, U. 1997. Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Fasículo 14. Cactaceae A.L. Juss. Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico.

Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK.

IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 12 June 2013).

Méndez-Larios, I., Lira, R., Godínez-Alvarez, H., Dávila, P. and Ortiz, E. 2006. Proposal for the establishment of the core zones in the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 15: 1627-1659.

SEMARNAT. 2010. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, Protección ambiental-Especies nativas de México de flora y fauna silvestres-Categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio-Lista de especies en riesgo. Diario Oficial de la Federación.

Stoie, A. 2007. Ex situ conservation of several species of succulent plants in the Cluj-Napoca agrobotanical garden. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj 35(2): 39-47.

Citation Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C. 2013. Ferocactus haematacanthus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T152800A679954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013- 1.RLTS.T152800A679954.en

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Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 3. Shrubland -> 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry - Suitable -

Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing - - - perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder farming Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality

Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management

Occur in at least one PA: Yes

In-Place Species Management

Subject to ex-situ conservation: Yes

In-Place Education

Included in international legislation: Yes

Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes

Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Research Needed 2. Conservation Planning -> 2.1. Species Action/Recovery Plan

3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends

3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trends

Distribution Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 4000

Lower elevation limit (m): 1800

Upper elevation limit (m): 2400

Population Number of mature individuals: 2400

Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes

Population severely fragmented: Yes

Habitats and Ecology Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Ferocactus haematacanthus – published in 2013. 5 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152800A679954.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T152800A679954

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