Assessment of Fish Biodiversity in Basuakhali Beel Under Terokhada Upazilla, Khulna, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Research in Biosciences

1(2): 55-64, 2019; Article no.AJORIB.139

Assessment of Fish Biodiversity in Basuakhali Beel under Terokhada Upazilla, Khulna, Bangladesh

Md. Arifur Rahman1, Amit Khamari2, Birinchi Mandal2, Md. Rahamat Ullah1, Md. Belal Hossen1, Md. Ariful Alam1 and Newton Saha3*

1Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh. 2Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh. 3Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author MAR designed the study, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors AK, BM and MRU performed the study and managed the analyses of the study. Authors MBH, MAA and NS performed the statistical analysis and managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Received 26 July 2019 Original Research Article Accepted 19 September 2019 Published 26 September 2019

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out for a period of five months from July 2017 to November 2017 to assess the fish biodiversity applying diversity indices for existing fish species in Basuakhali beel under Terokhada upazilla, Khulna, Bangladesh. During the study, a total of 38 fish species including 34 native and 4 exotic fish species were recorded under 21 families belonging to 10 orders. Cypriniformes (31.58%) was found as the most dominant order followed by Perciformes (18.42%), Siluriformes and Channiformes (10.53%), Synbranchiformes and Decapoda (7.89%), Tetraodontiformes (5.27%), Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes and Osteoglossiformes (2.63%) respectively. Almost 57.89% of species were found least concern, 13.16% near threatened, 10.53% vulnerable, 2.63% endangered and 15.79% were found not threatened in the biodiversity of Basuakhali beel. During the study period average Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') value was highest in Rumer beel (2.38 ±0.10) and lowest in Gojalmari (1.40 ±0.15). Margalef richness index (d) value was highest in Rumer beel (3.69±0.58) and lowest in Abadh (1.55 ±0.31). Pielou’s evenness index (J’) value was highest in Abadh (0.49 ±0.13) and lowest in Kumromari (0.43 ±0.06). Pielou’s index (J´) showed the equal distribution pattern of fish species throughout the sampling area indicating a stable condition. Simpson dominance index (C) value was highest in Rumer beel (0.85 ±0.03) and lowest in Gojalmari (0.64 ±0.06). Eighteen different kinds of fishing gears were identified under 4 major groups including 5 nets (current jal, ber jal, thela jal, veshal jal and punti jal), 6 traps (guni, chari, charo, duor, tubo and polo), 4 hooks and line (koia borsi, dhun borsi, chip borshi and borshi), 3 wounding gears (koach, anta and jupi) in the beel. Besides, an inclusive management and conservation scheme is crying needed for the beel fishery to enrich the fish species diversity of the Basuakhali beel as well as the country. ______

*Corresponding author: Email: [email protected];

Rahman et al.; AJORIB, 1(2): 55-64, 2019; Article no.AJORIB.139

Keywords: Fish biodiversity; Basuakhali beel; biodiversity indices; exotic species; fishing gears.

1. INTRODUCTION 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Bangladesh is an agricultural country [1]. 2.1 Study Area Agricultural is included as agriculture, fisheries, livestock [2]. Fisheries and aquaculture play a The study was conducted in five discrete points vital role as a source of animal protein for billions of Basuakhali beel in Terokhada Upazilla under of people all over the world and support the Khulna (Fig. 1). The study points were selected livelihoods of 10-12% inhabitants in the world [3]. in such a way that these points cover all the In Bangladesh, total fish production has major areas of Basuakhali beel, including increased about 1.5 folds in 10 years, from just different fishing points of the beel and various over 24,40,011 metric tons in 2006- 07 to fish landing centers adjacent to Basuakhali beel. 42,76,641 metric tons in 2017-2018 [4]. Bangladesh has about 39,27,142 ha of inland 2.2 Preparation of Interview Schedule open water area and 7,97,851 ha of inland closed waterbed [5]. Beel is one of the most The study was based on of primary data. Before popular natural habitats for the indigenous fishes collection of the primary data, a draft of Bangladesh. Basuakhali beel is one of the questionnaire was prepared which was verified most important watersheds at Terokhada upazilla with some fishermen’s. in Khulna District, Bangladesh. It has 18,372 2 households and total area 189.48 km [6]. The 2.3 Collection of Data total commercial aquaculture area of Basuakhali beel is 2661 hactors. The average depth of the During the collection of data only primary beel is 5-6 ft. during rainy season. Bangladesh sources were considered. Primary data was ranked third in Asia, with approximately 260 collected from respondent on spot. The data indigenous fresh water species with 143 small were collected monthly basis from study area. indigenous species [7]. Among them different Several visits were made to collect the data. types of fish species are found in the Basuakhali beel. Several scientific research has been 2.4 Diversity Analysis conducted on numerous aspects of fish diversity, habitat, fishing gear and conservation status of In the present study, diversity of fish species was available fishes in several beels of Bangladesh evaluated by dint of Shannon-Weaver index (H′) particularly: Hossain et al. [8] in the Chalan beel, [16], species richness by Margalef index (d) [17], Rahman et al. [9] in the Dakatia beel, Siddiq et evenness by Pielou’s index (J′) [18] and al. [10] in the Dogger Beel, Rahman [11] in the dominance by Simpson index (C) according to BSKB beel, Chakraborty and Mirza [12] in the the following equations: Gharia beel, Ehshan et al. [13] in the Chanda beel, Shams and Angkur [14] in the Halti beel. Shannon-Weaver diversity index (′) = However, there is no exact report about - [ × log ()] Basuakhali beel. The number of species in this beel are degrading day by day perhaps due to Margalef species richness (d) = (S − 1)/log (N) the degradation of water quality due to domestic () discharges, overfishing, excessive usage of Pielou's evenness index (J´) = agricultural insecticides and pesticides, (.) indiscriminate fishing activity etc. According to Simpson dominance index (C) = (/)2 IUCN [15], nearly one fourth of the species are under threat inclusive of 9 Critically Endangered, 30 Endangered and 25 Vulnerable. 2.5 Statistical Analysis This is followed by 27 species as Near Threatened. So, it’s needed to be conserved. SPSS software version V15.0 (Statistical Considering all these issues, the objectives of Package for Social Sciences) was used for data this study were to assess the fisheries arranging, summarization and processing for diversity and fishing gears used in Basuakhali analysis. PAST (Paleontological Statistics) beel under Terokhada upazilla, Khulna, version 2.16 was used to assess biodiversity Bangladesh. indices.

Rahman et al.; AJORIB, 1(2): 55-64, 2019; Article no.AJORIB.139

Fig. 1. Location and sampling points of the study area

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were found commercially important. Chakraborty and Mirza [12] studied that a total number of 70 3.1 Order Based Fish Species Availability species of fishes were identified so far from the Gharia beel while Ehshan et al. [13] reported 40 In the present study about 38 species of fish species of fish including three exotic species were recorded under 21 families belonging to 10 from Chanda beel. A total of 76 fish species orders in the Basuakhali beel (Fig. 2). Rahman belonging to 76 genera, 26 families and l species [11] recorded and identified a total of 47 species of prawn were identified so far from the kumarai of fish in the catches of different gears by the beel. Cypriniformes and Siluriformes were fishermen in BSKB beel. Most of the species recorded as the most dominant fish in

Tetraodontifor Decapoda, Beloniformes, mes, 5.27% 7.89% 2.63%

Channiformes, Symbranchifor 10.53% mes, 7.89%

Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, 31.58% 10.53%

Perciformes, Osteoglossifor Cyprinodontifo rmes, 2.63% 18.42% mes, 2.63%

Fig. 2. Order basis percentage composition of recorded fish species in the study area

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the Hail haor [19]. Moreover, Similar findings less than half of the production observed in 1982 were also reported for many other rivers of [8]. In Chandagari beel average fish production is Bangladesh such as the river Choto Jamuna 20.90 MT approximately [2]. [20], the river Mahananda [21], the river Tista [22] and the river Padma [23]. 3.3 Fisheries Diversity and Status of Fish Species in Basuakhali Beel 3.2 Total Fish Catch in Respected Fishing Points A total of 38 species were recorded covering 10 Orders (Table 1). Among the 38 species found in During the five points study the point wise weight Basuakhali beel, most of the species were facing basis percentage of fish catch showed highest some degree of threats to sustain in the occurrence from the point Abadh (26.35%) biodiversity in term of near threatened, followed by Kumromari (24.94%), Gojalmari vulnerable, endangered and critically (19.75%), Rumer beel (16.09%) and Putimari endangered. Almost 57.89% of species were (12.87%) respectively (Fig. 3). The average fish found least concern, 13.16% species were near catch was 24.94 kg per point, used by different threatened, 10.53% of species were found fishing gears. In the chalan beel fish catch was vulnerable, 2.63% of species were endangered 2.08 ±0.49 kg and 1.29 ±0.32 kg per hour per and 15.79% species were found not threatened person, by suti jal (set bag net – the most in the fish biodiversity of Basuakhali beel (Fig. 4). common gear used in the beel) in 2005 and The following study recorded total 38 species in 2006, respectively. In 2005-2006, the annual fish 10 orders. However, higher number of species production in Chalan beel was 12217 tons, being was recorded by Rahman [11], found a total of

Kumromari, Rumer beel, Abadh, 24.94% 16.09% 26.35%

Gojalmari, Putimari, 19.75% 12.87%

Fig. 3. Point wise weight basis percentage of fish catch in respected fishing points

70.00% 57.89% 60.00%

) 50.00% % (

y 40.00% t i l i

b 30.00% a l i a

v 20.00% 15.79% 13.16% A 10.53% 10.00% 2.63% 0.00% LC NO NT VU EN

Status of species in Basuakhali beel

Fig. 4. Status of fish species in Basuakhali beel

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Table 1. Systematic position of fish species with their English common name, Local name and IUCN red list status recorded from Basuakhali beel, 2017

Sl no. Order Family Local name Common name Species IUCN status 1 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Rui Indian major carp Labeo rohita LC 2 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Catla Indian major carp Gebileon catla LC 3 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Grass carp Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella LC 4 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Common carp Common carp Cyprinus carpio VU 5 Siluriformes Bagridae Gulsha/Gula tengra Long whiskered catfish Mystus cavasius NT 6 Siluriformes Bagridae Bujuri Tengra Long Bled Catfish Mystus tengra LC 7 Siluriformes Clariidae Magur Walking catfish Clarius batrachus LC 8 Siluriformes Heteropneustidae Shing Stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis LC 9 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Raj/japan punti Java barb Barbonymus gonionotus LC 10 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Jat/Bhadi punti Spot fin swamp barb Puntius sophore LC 11 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Tit punti Ticto barb Puntius ticto VU 12 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Ram/Kanchan punti Rosy barb Puntius Conchonius LC 13 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Mola Mola Carplet Amblypharyngodon mola LC 14 Cyprinodontiformes Aplocheilidae Kanpona Blue panchax Aplocheilus panchax LC 15 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Darkina Flaying barb Esomus danricus LC 16 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Dhela Cotio Osteobrama cotio NT 17 Channiformes Channidae Taki Spotted snakehead Channa punctatus LC 18 Channiformes Channidae Cheng Asiatic snakehead Channa orientalis LC 19 Channiformes Channidae Shol Snakehead murrel Channa striatus LC 20 Channiformes Channidae Gozar Giant snakehead Channa marulius EN 21 Synbranchiformes Mastacembelidae Tara Baim One-Striped spiny eel Macrognathus aculeatus NT 22 Synbranchiformes Mastacembelidae Guchi/ baim Striped spiny eel Macrognathus pancalus LC 23 Synbranchiformes Synbranchidae Kuchia Mud eel Monopterus cuchia VU 24 Perciformes Osphronemidae kholisa Striped gourami Colisa fasciatus NO 25 Perciformes Osphronemidae Cuna kholisa Honey gourami Colisa chuno NO 26 Perciformes Anabantidae Koi Climbing perch Anabas testudineus LC 27 Perciformes Ambassidae Gol chanda Indian glass fish Parambassis ranga LC

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Sl no. Order Family Local name Common name Species IUCN status 28 Perciformes Cichlidae Tilapia Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus NT 29 Perciformes Gobiidae Bele Tank goby Glossogobius giuris LC 30 Tetraodontiformes Nandidae Veda Mud perch Nandus nandus NT 31 Perciformes Latidae Vetki Seabass Lates calcarifer NO 32 Osteoglossiformes Notopteriidae Foli Bronze Featherback Notopterus notopterus VU 33 Cypriniformes Cobitidae Gutum/guta Guntea loach Lepidocephalichthys guntea LC 34 Tetraodontiformes Tetraodontidae Potka/tapa Ocellated pufferfish Tetraodon cutcutia LC 35 Beloniformes Beloniidae Kakila Freshwater gar fish Xenentodon cancila LC 36 Decapoda Parathelphusidae Kakra Freshwater crab Parathelphusa convexa NO 37 Decapoda Penaeidae Bagda Chingri Giant Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon NO 38 Decapoda Palaemonidae Golda Chingri Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii NO Where, LC stands for Least Concern, NO stands for Not Threatened, NT stands for Near Threatened, VU stands for Vulnerable, EN stands for Endangered

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47 species of fish from BSKB beel, Chakraboty dominance index and diversity index were and Mirza [12], about 70 species of fishes from highest in 0.95 and 3.49 and lowest value the Gharia beel and Ehshan et al. [13], a total of were observed in 0.94 and 3.29 which indicates 40 species of fish in Chanda beel. that the dominance was shared by more species for the highest value [26]. The 3.4 Biodiversity Indices highest and lowest evenness values were recorded in 0.61 and 0.50 respectively [26]. The During the study period average Shannon- Margalef richness value which is used as an Weaver diversity index (H') value was highest in indicator to compare the sites, generally shows Rumer beel (2.38 ±0.10) and lowest in Gojalmari deviation depending on the species number [27]. (1.40 ±0.15) (Table 2), Margalef richness With the highest species number (2234) shows index(d) value was highest in Rumer beel (3.69 the maximum Margalef richness value (7.91) ±0.58) and lowest in Abadh (1.55 ±0.31) (Table where minimum value was observed at (6.60) 3), Pielou's evenness index(J') value was highest with lowest number of species (677) [26]. Vyas et in Abadh (0.49 ±0.13) and lowest in Kumromari al. [27] reported Margalef index in the Betwa (0.43 ±0.06) (Table 4) and Simpson dominance River in Madhya Pradesh of India ranging from index (C) value was highest in Rumer beel (0.85 3.71 to 6.70. The value of Shannon-Weaver ±0.03) and lowest in Gojalmari (0.64 ±0.06) diversity index, H' increases when both the (Table 5) respectively. Shannon-Weaver diversity number of species and evenness, J' increases. index value typically ranges from 1.5-3.5 for For a given number of species, the value of H' is ecological data that can hardly exceed 4.0 and it maximized when all species are equally can be above 5.0 when the samples hold 1, abundant. 00,000 species [24]. Nabi et al. [25] found the Shannon-Weaver diversity index values as 0.95 3.5 Exotic Fish Species Availability in to 2.62 in the Bakkhali River estuary. In each Basuakhali Beel case, high Shannon-Weaver diversity index is involved with high individuals and low D u r i ng the study period four (4) exotic fish were diversity involved with low number of r e corded (Table 6) from the beel while Siddiq et individuals. Simpson’s dominance index is al. [10], recorded about 6 exotic species in the commonly used to calculate the biodiversity of a Dogger beel and 9 exotic fish species were particular habitat. Both values of Simpson’s recorded in Chalan beel [28].

Table 2. Month wise and average Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') value with standard deviation in respected point

Fishing point Month Average ±STDEV July August September October November Rumer beel 2.4 2.47 2.46 2.36 2.23 2.38 ±0.10 Abadh 1.28 1.39 1.51 1.65 1.5 1.47 ±0.14 Putimari 2.08 2.18 2.11 2.25 2.18 2.16 ±0.07 Gojalmari 1.58 1.28 1.24 1.4 1.52 1.40 ±0.15 Kumromari 1.71 1.65 1.55 1.62 1.38 1.58 ±0.13

Table 3. Month wise and average Margalef Richness Index (d) value with Standard Deviation in respected point

Fishing point Month Average ±STDEV July August September October November Rumer beel 4.69 3.69 3.46 3.32 3.28 3.69 ±0.58 Abadh 1.75 1.04 1.83 1.51 1.62 1.55 ±0.31 Putimari 2.7 2.54 2.89 2.11 2.64 2.58 ±0.29 Gojalmari 2.02 1.43 1.5 1.63 2.08 1.73 ±0.30 Kumromari 1.89 1.76 1.54 1.78 1.88 1.77 ±0.14

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Table 4. Month wise and average Pielou's Evenness Index (J') value with Standard Deviation in respected point

Fishing point Month Average ±STDEV July August September October November Rumer beel 0.37 0.47 0.51 0.48 0.42 0.45 ±0.06 Abadh 0.33 0.67 0.41 0.58 0.45 0.49 ±0.14 Putimari 0.42 0.49 0.41 0.63 0.46 0.48 ±0.09 Gojalmari 0.49 0.45 0.43 0.51 0.42 0.46 ±0.04 Kumromari 0.46 0.48 0.47 0.42 0.33 0.43±0.06

Table 5. Month wise and average Simpson dominance index (C) value with Standard Deviation in respected point

Fishing point Month Average±STDEV July August September October November Rumer beel 0.84 0.87 0.88 0.86 0.81 0.85 ±0.03 Abadh 0.59 0.71 0.7 0.75 0.68 0.69 ±0.06 Putimari 0.8 0.84 0.82 0.87 0.85 0.84 ±0.03 Gojalmari 0.71 0.62 0.55 0.66 0.68 0.64 ±0.06 Kumromari 0.75 0.76 0.71 0.7 0.62 0.71 ±0.05

Table 6. A list of Exotic fish species in Basuakhali beel

Family Local name Commom name Scientific name Cyprinidae Common carp Common carp Cyprinus carpio Cyprinidae Grass carp Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Cyprinidae Raj/japan punti Olive barb Puntius sarana Cichlidae Tilapia Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus

Table 7. Types of fishing gears used in 5 type nets, 6 types of traps, 4 types of hooks, 3 Basuakhali beel types of wounding gears were recorded. Most of the gears were traditional and some of them Group name Name of gears were unique in the particular locality (Table 7). Nets Current jal (gill net) Dewan and Mazid [29], reported that the fishing Ber jal (Seine net) technique that are currently used by the Thela jal (Push net) fishermen of Bangladesh are netting, trapping, Veshal jal de-watering, spearing, angling and hand picking. Punti jal Saha et al. [30] classified into 7 different types of Traps Guni gear of 3 categories (nets, traps and wounding Charo gears) used by 2 categorized fishers in the beel. Chari According to BCAS [31], approximately 30 Duor different types of fishing gear have been Tubo identified to use in halti beel. Rahman et al. [32], Polo reported that fishing gear operating in the Hook and line Koia borsi floodplains (chanda, BSKV and halti beel) Dhun borsi comprised four groups: fish net (7 types), fish Chip borsi trap (5 types), hooks and line (5 types) and Borsi spears/harpoon (4 types). Rahman [33] found a Wounding gears Koach total of 38 fish were identified in the catches of Anta different gears in the haor. Jupi 4. CONCLUSION 3.6 Fishing Gear Operated in the Basuakhali Beel The biodiversity of beel fisheries of Bangladesh has become ultimate threat in recent years. Due Basuakhali beel is very rich in fisheries and so as to diversified reasons, many species of fishes are in the uses of fishing gears. In the present study disappearing from our country’s water bodies.

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