46390-002: Power Transmission Improvement Project

Initial Environmental Examination

August 2018 Project No. 46390-002 Loan No. 3330

Myanmar: Power Transmission Improvement Project

230kV THIDA-THAKETA-KYAIKASAN TRANSMISSION LINES

This IEE report is submitted to the Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) in compliance with the Environmental Conservation Law and the Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (2015).

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS In this report, “$” refers to United States dollar. (as of 8 April 2018)

Currency unit – Kyat (MMK) MMK1.00 = $0.00074 $1.00 = MMK1351.35

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AC/DC - alternating current/direct current ACCC - aluminum conductor composite core CBD - central business district CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ECD - Environmental Conservation Department ECL - Environmental Conservation Law (2012) EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EHS - Environment, Health and Safety EMoP – Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMF - electromagnetic field DPTSC – Department of Power Transmission and System Control GDP - Gross domestic product GRM - Grievance redress mechanism IEE – Initial Environmental Examination LV - low voltage MTC - Ministry of Transport and Communications MEPE - Ministry of Electric Power and Energy MOAI - Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation MOECAF – Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry MONREC - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MOEE - Ministry of Electricity and Energy MOEP – Ministry of Electric Power MNPED - Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development MPN - most probable number MV - medium voltage NAAQS - U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAPA - National Adaptation Program on Action NCEA - National Commission on Environmental Affairs NEQEG - National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines NGO - non-government organization PIC – Project implementation consultant PIU – Project implementation unit PPE – Personal Protective Equipment PTP - Power Transmission Projects Department of DPTSC PPTA - Project Preparatory Technical Assistance REA – Rapid Environmental Assessment RHC - rural health center ROW – right-of-way SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) S/S - substation TL - transmission line UNFCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WHO - World Health Organization YCDC - Yangon City Development Committee YESC – Yangon Electricity Supply Corporation 2

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES oC – Celsius (centigrade) dBA - decibels km – kilometer kV – kilovolt kWh – kilowatt-hour LV – low voltage Ha - hectare Hz - hertz m – meter mm – millimeter mm/kV – millimeter per kilovolt m2 - square meter ml - milliliter mg - milligram V/m3 - volt per cubic meter µT - microTesla

This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 7 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 13 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 14

A. PROJECT SCOPE ...... 14 B. IMPACT FOOTPRINTS ...... 19 C. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PHASE ...... 20 D. PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 21 E. IEE EXPERTS ...... 21 III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 22

A. MYANMAR REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 22 B. PERTINENT LAWS, POLICY, AND STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 25 1. Environmental Quality Standards ...... 25 2. Electricity Law (2014) ...... 26 3. Yangon Development Law (1990) ...... 26 4. Other Related Environmental Regulations and Policies ...... 27 C. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS ...... 27 D. ADB SAFEGUARDS POLICY STATEMENT ...... 28 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 29

A. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION...... 29 1. Description of Transmission Line Alignment ...... 30 B. AREAS OF INFLUENCE AND SENSITIVE RECEPTORS...... 33 C. TOPOGRAPHY ...... 35 D. GEOLOGY ...... 35 E. CLIMATE ...... 36 F. AIR QUALITY...... 38 G. NOISE ...... 39 H. SURFACE WATER QUALITY ...... 39 I. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 40 J. LAND USE ...... 41 K. PHYSICAL CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 41 L. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 41 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 44

A. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, POSITIVE IMPACTS AND RESULTS ...... 44 B. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND CONCERNS...... 44 2. Construction Impacts of Transmission Lines ...... 49 C. CLIMATE CHANGE ...... 51 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 51

A. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE PROCESS ...... 52 B. FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...... 53 1. Public Consultations ...... 53 2. Focused Group Discussions ...... 55 C. FUTURE PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 55 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 55

A. TYPE OF GRIEVANCE ...... 56 B. ACCESSIBILITY ...... 56 C. GRIEVANCE RESOLUTION PROCESS ...... 56 D. GRIEVANCE FOLLOW-UP ...... 57

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 59

A. INTRODUCTION ...... 59 B. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 59 C. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES ...... 61 D. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ...... 61 E. MONITORING PLAN ...... 75 F. PERFORMANCE MONITORING ...... 75 G. REPORTING ...... 75 H. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 81 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 82 REFERENCES ...... 83 APPENDICES APPENDIX A: SURVEY OF SENSITIVE RECEPTORS AND STRUCTURES ALONG THE TRANSMISSION LINES ...... 84 APPENDIX B: DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS HELD IN 2014 ...... 125 APPENDIX C: DOCUMENTATION OF FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSIONS ...... 149 APPENDIX D: TEMPLATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT ...... 176 APPENDIX E: CALCULATION OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD ...... 181 APPENDIX F: CURRICULUM VITAE OF CONSULTANTS ...... 185

LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF 230KV TRANSMISSION LINES ...... 14 TABLE 2: DETAILS OF THE 230KV TRANSMISSION LINES ...... 14 TABLE 3: IMPACT ASSESSMENT THRESHOLDS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION LINES AND SUBSTATIONS BASED ON MYANMAR EIA PROCEDURE (2015) ...... 23 TABLE 4: NEQEG EFFLUENT LIMITS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION ...... 25 TABLE 5: NEQEG EXPOSURE LIMITS TO ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS ...... 25 TABLE 6: NEQEG ALLOWABLE NOISE LEVELS ...... 26 TABLE 7: TRANSMISSION LINE MINIMUM SAFETY CLEARANCE BASED ON ELECTRICITY RULES (1985) ...... 26 TABLE 8: OTHER APPLICABLE RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES IN MYANMAR ...... 27 TABLE 9: WARDS AND TOWNSHIPS ALONG 230KV THIDA-THAKETA-KYAIKASAN TRANSMISSION LINE ...... 30 TABLE 10: IDENTIFIED SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ACCORDING TO TYPE OF IMPACT WITHIN THE TRANSMISSION LINES ...... 34 TABLE 11: MONTHLY RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE IN YANGON (1981-2010) ...... 37 TABLE 12: 8-HOUR MEAN VALUE OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN YANGON ...... 38 TABLE 13: ROADSIDE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN YANGON ...... 38 TABLE 14: AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT ...... 39 TABLE 15: WATER QUALITY OF PAZUNDAUNG RIVER AND HLAING RIVER ...... 39 TABLE 16: AFFECTED TREES ALONG THE TRANSMISSION LINE ALIGNMENT ...... 40 TABLE 17: ROADS TRAVERSED BY 230 KV THIDA-THAKETA-KYAIKASAN TRANSMISSION LINE ...... 46 TABLE 18: SUMMARY OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS MEETINGS ...... 53 TABLE 19: SUMMARY OF ISSUES AND CONCERNS RAISED DURING THE FOLLOW-UP CONSULTATIONS ...... 53 TABLE 20: IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN FOR 230 KV THIDA-THAKETA-KYAIKASAN TRANSMISSION LINES ...... 63 TABLE 21: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN FOR 230 KV TRANSMISSION LINES ...... 76 TABLE 22: PERFORMANCE MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS ...... 80 TABLE 23: ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN OF EMP ...... 81

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: PROJECT LOCATION ...... 12 FIGURE 2: SECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINE FROM THIDA SUBSTATION TO THAKETA SUBSTATION ...... 17 FIGURE 3: SECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINE FROM THAKETA SUBSTATION TO KYAIKASAN SUBSTATION ...... 18 FIGURE 4: TYPICAL SUSPENSION MONOPOLE ...... 19 FIGURE 5: TYPICAL DIMENSION OF MONOPOLE FOUNDATION ...... 20 FIGURE 6: REPRESENTATION OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE ALONG AYE YAR WUN ROAD FROM THAKETA SUBSTATION ...... 31 FIGURE 7: REPRESENTATION OF THE PROPOSED MONOPOLES IN AYE YAR WUN ROAD ALONG THE SOUTHERN ROAD EASEMENT TO AVOID BUILDINGS ...... 32 FIGURE 8: REPRESENTATION OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE ALONG THE EASEMENT OF YANGON CIRCULAR RAILWAY ...... 32 FIGURE 9: REPRESENTATION OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE ALIGNMENT ALONG BAUK THAW STREET ...... 33 FIGURE 10: SOIL MAP OF YANGON REGION ...... 36 FIGURE 11: PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE MEASURED AT KAYAAYE STATION, YANGON (1981-2010) ...... 37 FIGURE 12: RIVER SYSTEMS IN GREATER YANGON ...... 40 FIGURE 13: LAND USES ALONG TRANSMISSION LINE ALIGNMENT ...... 42 FIGURE 14: STRUCTURE AND PROCESS OF THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 58

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Myanmar: Power Transmission Improvement project is an approved loan of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar with the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The project aims to improve the reliability of Yangon’s power transmission system. The project will be implemented by the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) as Executing Agency and the Department of Power Transmission and System Control (DPTSC) as Implementing Agency.

2. The project comprises of: (i) construction of 230kV transmission line between Thida and Thaketa substations and 230 kV transmission line between Thaketa and Kyaikasan substations; (ii) extension of switchyard of the existing 230kV Thaketa substation to accommodate the new 230kV transmission lines; (iii) upgrading of existing 66kV Kyaikasan substation to 230kV substation; and (iv) construction of new 230kV substations at South Okkalapa and West University.

3. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report covers the proposed 230kV Thida- Thaketa-Kyaikasan transmission lines in accordance with the requirement of the Environmental Conservation Department (ECD).

Project Description

4. The 230kV transmission lines is divided into two sections: • 230kV Thaketa-Kyaikasan double circuit transmission line, 9.2 km • 230kV Thida-Thaketa double circuit transmission line, 8.1 km.

5. The transmission lines will traverse five townships, namely: (i) Botahtaung, (ii) Thaketa, (iii) Mingalar Taung Nyunt, (iv) Yankin, and (v) Tamwe. The transmission lines will be constructed as a 230kV double circuit line. The transmission lines will be entirely overhead with designated line corridor of about 5 meters on both sides from the monopole. Each monopole will be supported by cast in-situ concrete foundation with drilled piles and cap slab.

6. The proposed towers will be steel poles using light composite post insulators and an aluminum conductor composite core (ACCC) conductor. The transmission lines will be entirely monopole overhead lines except for lattice towers crossing two sections at Pazundaung river. The lines shall be of compact design, with relatively short nominal span to minimize sags and conductor sway and hence reduce the forces on the poles, enabling smaller diameters, reduced height, and reduced required right-of-way.

7. The location of the transmission lines is shown in Figure 1.

Identified Environmental Impacts

8. The MOEE/DPTSC evaluated several options to adopt suitable engineering design, site location and line alignment that avoids social and environmental impacts without compromising the technical viability of the project. Consultations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews with national level government, townships, villages, non- government organizations, and households and communities were organized and conducted to gather views of the stakeholders about the project and to identify measures to be undertaken in the next phases of project implementation.

9. The transmission lines and its connecting substations will be located in southeastern Yangon. The project sites are not located in ecologically sensitive areas. None of the project sites will be located near any buildings and structures that form the Yangon City Heritage List.

10. The changes in the transmission line route was identified as the best overall route in an unmitigated circumstance. This was examined in further detail within the context of site- specific situations. Local issues were identified during the township consultations and through coordination with YCDC and the Myanmar Railway. The 140 monopole towers will be placed in road and railway easements and land owned by the government to avoid permanent land acquisition. The four lattice towers for the river crossing at two sections on the banks of Pazundaung River are also in properties owned by the government.

11. The height and locations of the monopoles avoided, to the extent possible, impacts on structures, utilities, trees and other assets by having monopoles which require lesser footprint and corridor area and higher towers that will meet the vertical and horizontal safety clearances.

12. In general, the environmental impacts were found to be short-term construction-related disturbances. During the construction phase, an estimated area of about 50-meter from the poles and lines will be temporarily disturbed due to movement of materials and workers and the reach of noise, dust, emissions and other construction-related disturbances. There is not much area to navigate around the poles since these are mostly located along road easements. The construction area will be confined at the easement and could extend up to about one to two lanes of the road. For the lattice tower, area of land that will be permanently occupied for the foundation of the steel lattice tower on the river banks is about 10.668 m x 10.668 m (113.81 m2). An estimated area of about 800 m2 will be used temporarily for the construction near the lattice tower sites. When the transmission lines are operational, the impact footprint is the line corridor of about 10 m wide (total). The structures and buildings along the alignment should be within the stipulated vertical and horizontal safety clearance.

13. The findings on the revised transmission line alignment are:

a) The proposed alignment will not pass through any environmentally critical area and avoids all known cultural heritage locations in Yangon.

b) There will be no land acquisition since proposed tower locations will be in government-owned land and on road easements, therefore, eliminates the need to acquire any additional private land.

c) The new alignment used road and railway easements and open areas to reduce social impacts and disturbances during construction and line maintenance.

d) The new alignment avoided tall buildings, water lines, YCDC billboards, and future highway projects as well as reduced the number of shops and houses that will be affected during construction.

e) The potential human health and public safety effects on people living near the transmission lines will be minimized because the prescribed height of the towers are above the minimum safety requirement and monopoles will occupy lesser right-of- way than other types of transmission tower structures.

f) Traffic is light to moderate at affected roads but there are potential challenges in some intersections and roundabouts which should be coordinated properly with YCDC for traffic management.

g) There is a sewer network along Than Lyet Soon Road which could be affected when the monopoles are placed at the right side of the road. This will also be coordinated with YCDC to avoid damage to the sewer line.

h) The proposed locations of the lattice towers for the river crossing at lower Pazundaung River are located in wide and open land owned by the military. There are no anticipated impacts on health and safety at the site but protection of the river against sedimentation is necessary during construction.

i) The proposed lattice tower location at the property owned by the Ministry of Commerce at the banks in upper Pazundaung River is smaller but will also not pose negative impacts to health and safety. Safety and warning signs should be posted and proper grounding system should be installed at the transmission towers.

14. The DPTSC has coordinated and conducted joint surveys with the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) and the Myanmar Railway to check the alignment and any impacts on existing utilities, planned city projects, and on the existing railway operation. YCDC and DPTSC met on May 9 to discuss the line route and conducted the joint survey on May 17, 2018. The joint survey with the Myanmar Railway was held on May 10, 2018. Impacts on structures was avoided to the extent possible. To ensure that the transmission lines will not cause adverse effects on the operation of the railway and cause community hazards, the lines will be designed to follow the required vertical and horizontal safety clearances from the railway and other structures in accordance with international standards and the requirements of the Electricity Law.

15. The environmental consultants conducted the survey of sensitive receptors such as schools, hospitals, temples, and residential areas along the transmission line alignment from 21 – 29 March 2018 to identify those that will be affected project. Those that will be permanently affected because of the construction of the base of the monopoles and towers include 9 shops, 4 houses, and 3 house/shops based on the resettlement survey. At about 50 meters from the center of the lines, the sensitive receptors that will potentially experience temporary disturbances due to construction activities include 11 temples/monasteries, 8 schools, 2 health clinics, and 213 houses/shops. There are also 31 trees to be affected by the monopoles and 110 trees to be cut during line stringing. The survey distance was determined based on the type of construction activities to be introduced and the extent of influence of noise, dust, traffic, and other related nuisances. Proper coordination and information dissemination with these sensitive receptors will be undertaken prior to the start of implementation. Details of the survey of sensitive receptors is found in Appendix A.

16. Identified construction-related impacts of the 230kV transmission lines are: (i) noise, (ii) dust and air pollution, (iii) potential public and worker hazards e.g., excavations for tower/structure footings and from operation of heavy equipment, (iv) soil erosion causing clogged drainage and sedimentation of river, (v) generation of solid waste and construction wastes, and (vi) social conflicts caused by presence of migrant workers in community areas.

Environmental Mitigation Measures and Institutional Arrangement

17. The environmental impacts will be managed through an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that has been incorporated in this IEE and in the bid documents. The implementation of the mitigation measures will be monitored by the DPTSC through a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of DPTSC under the supervision of a Project Implementation Consultant (PIC).

18. The DPTSC has appointed Dr. Kyaw Swar Soe Naing, Director (Implementation) of the Power Transmission Projects Department (PTP) to oversee the environment and social safeguards of the project. He will be assisted by U Myo Min Tun, Deputy Director, PTP and three other staff. Training on environment and social safeguards will be undertaken by the

PIC to orient the PTP on ADB safeguards policy, the EMP implementation, monitoring and reporting, and overall compliance with ADB and national environmental requirements.

Public Consultations

19. Stakeholder consultations were conducted since 2014 during the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA). MOEE carried out meetings with government stakeholders at the office of the Yangon Electricity Supply Board (YESC) on May 30, 2014 to introduce the proposed power transmission project and to solicit their views and suggestions. This was followed by another consultation meeting held on October 2, 2014 with representatives of YCDC and the General Administration Offices of townships and various wards. Non- government organizations (NGOs) were also met on November 7, 2017 at the headquarters of the Myanmar Engineering Society. On December 19, 2014, MOEE officials and ADB consultants met with the affected households at Yanpyay Manpyay Community Center.

20. Follow-up public consultations were once again organized by MOEE through DPTSC from March 12 – 20, 2018 to present the updated plans of the project and the core safeguard policy principles, potential impacts and losses, and proposed mitigation and management plan. Six public consultation meetings were organized and a total of 294 participants attended these consultations. The meetings were held at the townships of Botahtaung, Htan Ta Pin, Mayangone, Yankin, Tamwe, and Thaketa. The following were the issues and concerns that were raised during the consultation meetings:

a) The people are partially aware of the proposed project. b) People are supportive about the project but there are some who fear the adverse impacts in terms of health and safety. c) The people wants DPTSC to adopt proper safety measures. d) All compensation related issues should be fair and clearly discussed with the affected people. e) There might be indirect impacts along the right-of-way to which it was explained by DPTSC that the construction contractor will take necessary mitigation measures and will follow the environmental management plan. Any unforeseen impact during construction or implementation will be mitigated or compensated.

21. Focused group discussions with shops owners were also conducted on April 4 and 6, 2018. The shop owners said that they support the project because it will help provide the city with 24-hour uninterrupted power supply. However, they are worried about the relocation and loss of income when their shops are closed. Most of them feel that the project has been planned by the Government but they want the project to ensure their safety and to provide fair compensation.

Compliance with Environmental Conservation Law

22. The MOEE has coordinated with the Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) to ensure that the project complies with the requirements of the Environmental Conservation Law.

23. In June 2015, an IEE was submitted by MOEE to the Environmental Conservation Department (ECD). The ECD sent a letter to MOEE on 04 November 2015 to revise certain sections of the IEE, specifically on the recommended standards of electric and magnetic field intensity and also asked for clarification on the area of the new South Okkalapa substation and West University substation.

24. Because of the revised alignment of the transmission line, the MOEE submitted a new Project Proposal to MONREC in compliance with the EIA Procedure (2015) on April 10, 2018.

Based on the evaluation of the ECD, the project is required to prepare an IEE for the transmission lines following the outline prescribed in the EIA Procedure (2015). There are no further requirements for the substations by ECD.

Conclusions

25. This IEE indicates that the transmission line alignment will not affect environmentally sensitive areas. The project retains the Category B status for environment.

26. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared for the implementation of the two 230 kV Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan transmission lines. The EMP provides the Impacts Mitigation Plans and Environmental Monitoring Plans for the 230 kV transmission lines.

27. The total estimated cost to implement the EMP is US$25,000, of which $14,500 is for the transmission lines and $10,500 for the substations. The cost of the EMP includes an indicative budget of $2,000 for training and $6,000 for the acquisition of six EMF meters.

28. If there are changes to the project locations and scope which would significantly affect the outcome of the project, the updated IEE and EMP will be reviewed again to check whether additional mitigation plans and corrective action plans are necessary to meet the final detailed designs of the 230 kV lines and the substations.

29. During the implementation of the project, semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by MOEE to ADB to validate implementation of the measures outlined in the EMP. A template of the environmental monitoring report is provided in this IEE.

Figure 1: Project location

I. INTRODUCTION

30. Myanmar has embarked on wide-ranging reforms resulting in a fast growing economy since its transformation into a democratic nation in 2010. Positive improvements in the economic performance of the country during the last five years have been evident. Economic growth was reported at 5.9% in 2016-2017 due to strong foreign investment commitments, despite decline in public investments from 6.2% in 2015-2016 to 5% in 2016-2017 due to fiscal constraints1. In the urban areas, private consumption remained strong with close to 50% of the gross domestic product (GDP). The urban areas have seen faster growth in household welfare and sharper decline in poverty.2

31. In Yangon Region, the economy is focused on manufacturing, service, trade, construction and electric power sectors. The manufacturing sector accounts to 41% of the country’s net production value; the service sector accounts to 29%; trade sector is 28%; construction sector is 25%, and electric power sector is 22%.3 However, economic growth is hampered by shortage and unreliability of electricity supply. Greater Yangon which consumes almost half of the power demand of the entire country suffers from shortage of power and breakdown of power supply. There is high power losses in transmission and distribution systems because of small capacity and deteriorating equipment. Voltage fluctuation frequently occurs in the existing system.

32. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved the Myanmar: Power Transmission Improvement Project in November 2015 to support the country’s economic growth, improve electricity supply, and to help meet the government’s poverty reduction objectives. The project will comprise of: (i) construction of a 230kV power transmission line including 230kV transmission lines and substations for the Yangon region and (ii) strengthening of capacity of the staff of the DPTSC (formerly MEPE4) in implementing ADB projects.

33. The project has been assigned Environment Category B pursuant to the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) was undertaken in 2014 to identify the potential environmental impacts and the measures to needed to mitigate adverse impacts. The impacts were identified as site-specific, largely reversible, and can be mitigated with the project environmental management plan (EMP).

34. Following the assessment of the alignment of the transmission lines, changes were identified to avoid impacts on environment, resettlement, and land acquisition. This IEE and EMP presents the assessment of environmental impacts based on changes in the transmission line alignment.

1 Capitalizing on Investment Opportunities. World Bank Group. Myanmar Economic Monitor. October 2017 2 Capitalizing on Investment Opportunities. World Bank Group. Myanmar Economic Monitor. October 2017 3 A Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon. April 2013 4 The MOEE was formerly referred to as Ministry of Electric Power and Energy (MEPE) until its reorganization in 2016.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

35. The Myanmar: Power Transmission Improvement Project aims to improve the reliability of electricity supply in Yangon. The Yangon region is the country’s main commercial center, economic hub, the entry point for foreign direct investment, the key initial destination for foreign tourists, and the source of 24% of Myanmar’s GDP. The region consumes about 50% of the country’s electricity, of which commercial and industrial activities account for about 52% share. The project is expected to benefit the Yangon region’s consumers from reliable and adequate supply of electricity. Improving the transmission network is crucial to sustaining the country’s socio-economic growth and in meeting the poverty reduction objectives of the government.

A. PROJECT SCOPE

36. The original scope of the project consists of (i) construction of 230kV transmission line between Thida and Thaketa substations and 230 kV transmission line between Thaketa and Kyaikasan substations; (ii) extension of switchyard of the existing 230kV Thaketa substation to accommodate the new 230kV transmission lines; (iii) upgrading of existing 66kV Kyaikasan substation to 230kV substation; and (iv) construction of new 230kV substations at South Okkalapa and West University.

37. Following further evaluation of the project, changes in the transmission line alignment were introduced to reduce environmental and social impacts (i.e. community safety, urban disturbance, resettlement and land acquisition). The revised scope of the 230kV transmission lines is summarized in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary of 230kV transmission lines

Project Description Location component Transmission • 230kV Thaketa-Kyaikasan double • Botahtaung Township lines circuit transmission line, 9.2 km • Thaketa Township • Mingalar Taung Nyunt • 230kV Thida-Thaketa double circuit Township transmission line, 8.1 km • Yankin Township • Tamwe Township •

38. The new transmission lines will be constructed as a 230kV double circuit line. The proposed towers will be steel poles using light composite post insulators and an aluminum conductor composite core (ACCC) conductor. The transmission lines will be entirely monopole overhead lines except for lattice towers crossing two sections at Pazundaung river. The lines shall be of compact design, with relatively short nominal span to minimize sags and conductor sway and hence reduce the forces on the poles, enabling smaller diameters, reduced height, and reduced required right-of-way. Table 2 presents the details of the transmission lines.

Table 2: Details of the 230kV Transmission Lines

Parameters Thida-Thaketa TL Thaketa-Kyaikasan TL Total Length 8.1 km 9.2 km Total number of towers 61 79 (monopoles)

Parameters Thida-Thaketa TL Thaketa-Kyaikasan TL

Average height of suspension 23 – 28 m 23 – 36 m poles Lattice towers 2 lattice towers for 2 lattice towers for Pazundaung River crossing Pazundaung River crossing with 2 anchor towers with 2 anchor towers Foundations Standard drilled reinforce concrete circular caissons with anchor bolts; reinforced concrete shaft with bottom slab; driven piles with cap slab Townships to be traversed by Botahtaung Township Thaketa Township the transmission line Thaketa Township Yankin Township Mingalar Taung Nyunt Tamwe Township Township

The basic design specifications of the overhead transmission lines are as follows: • Conductor 230 kV - 2 - ACCC 463 mm2, Stockholm 2L • OPGW with 24 optical fibers similar to GSW 19/2.7 • Ground wire ACS 70 mm2 • Insulators: solid rubber silicone long rod and post insulators (braced line post arrangement) • Supports: steel monopoles, compact design, short nominal spans to reduce sags and enable monopole design with reduced diameter at bottom • Two circuits 230 kV on braced composite suspension insulator posts and tension composite insulator posts; 230 kV circuit in vertical configuration on the road side and/or on sidewalk side • Foundations: concrete, cast in-situ, drilled pile foundation or driven piles with cap slab • Added physical impact protection at the base of monopoles (due to traffic) • Soil types: based on walk-through survey, expected are deleterious, dusty, sandy silts and tills; high water table, possible foundation problems, geotechnical report and pile testing will be required.

a) 230kV Double Circuit Transmission Line between Thida and Thaketa Substations

39. The new Thida-Thaketa transmission line alignment will avoid a section of the Shukhinthar Myo Pat Road where there are a number of shops that will be affected. Instead of connecting to the existing Thida substation through Yamo Nnar Road and Maha Bandoola bridge, the new proposal is to connect the transmission line to a proposed new 230/66kV Thida substation5 at a property owned by the Ministry of Oil and Gas.

40. The new alignment will be located along the right-of-way of the existing 66kV overhead transmission lines in the road easement of Shukhinthar Myo Pat Road and then towards the vacant land owned by the Navy near the Yangon waterpark recreation area where it crosses the lower Pazundaung River. The line will then follow the easement of the Than Lyet Soon Road and connect to a proposed new Thida substation. Figure 2 presents the alignment of the 230kV Thida-Thaketa transmission line.

41. The steel pole foundation for the monopole towers will be made of concrete, cast in- situ, drilled pile foundation or driven piles with cap slab. When the line crosses the

5 The new 230/66kV Thida substation will form part of another project to be funded by ADB.

Pazundaung River, lattice towers will be constructed on the banks to support the transmission lines.

b) 230kV Double Circuit Transmission Line between Kyaikasan and Thaketa Substations

42. The new double circuit 230kV transmission line connecting the Kyaikasan and the Thaketa substations will have a total length of 9.2km. A section of the line will be rerouted to follow the easement of the existing Yangon circular railway. This realignment will avoid the original plan along Waizayandar Road and Thanthumar Road where there is a proposed skyway to be developed in the future. This will also avoid impacts to a main water supply line and billboards of YCDC.

43. From Kyaikasan substation to Moe Kaung Road, the new transmission line alignment will follow the Bauk Thaw Station Street instead of the Pyitharyar Road from Moe Kaung Road. This realignment will avoid the tall buildings and congested areas at the narrow Pyitharyar Road. Along the Bauk Thaw Station Street, the design of the line will be on the one side of the steel pole (cantilever type) on the opposite side from the buildings to maintain safety clearance.

44. From the railway easement, the line will cross the upper Pazundaung River and will be along the easement of Aye Yar Wun Main Road until it reaches the Thaketa substation. The line will follow the Aye Yar Wun Road easement instead of the original plan of building towers along the easement of Pazundaung River. The new alignment will avoid residential buildings that have been built near the river. Figure 3 presents the alignment of the 230kV Thaketa- Kyaikasan transmission line.

45. Similar to the Thida-Thaketa transmission line, the line will be supported on steel monopoles with short nominal spans to reduce sags and reduce diameter at the bottom. Lattice towers will be designed at the banks of upper Pazundaung River to support the line.

Figure 2: Section of transmission line from Thida substation to Thaketa substation

Figure 3: Section of transmission line from Thaketa substation to Kyaikasan substation

18 B. IMPACT FOOTPRINTS

46. The transmission lines will be entirely overhead with designated line corridor of about 5 meters on both sides from the monopole. The pole height in suspension varies from 24 m to 30 m and in tension poles from 23 m to 36 m. In the vertical disposition of phases on one side of the pole (cantilever type), the height varies from 33 to 35 m. Figure 4 presents the typical suspension monopoles.

Figure 4: Typical suspension monopole

47. Each monopole will be supported by cast in-situ concrete foundation with drilled piles and cap slab. The standard area to be occupied by the foundation is 6.4 m x 6.4 m (40.32 m2). A typical foundation for the monopoles is shown in Figure 5. During the construction phase, an estimated area of about 50-meter from the pole location will

be temporarily disturbed due to movement of materials and workers and potential reach of noise, dust, emissions, and other construction-related disturbances. There is not much area to navigate around the poles since these are mostly located along road easements. The construction area will be confined at the easement and could extend up to about one to two lanes of the road.

48. When the transmission lines are operational, the impact footprint is the line corridor of about 10 m wide (total). The structures and buildings along the alignment should be within the stipulated vertical and horizontal safety clearance.

49. For the lattice tower, area of land that will be permanently occupied for the foundation of the steel lattice tower on the river banks is about 10.668 m x 10.668 m (113.81 m2). An estimated area of about 800 sqm will be used temporarily for the construction near the lattice tower sites.

Figure 5: Typical dimension of monopole foundation Source: DPTSC

C. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

50. The main activities involved in implementing the project are completion of the detailed design, bidding, evaluation and approval of contract packages, procurement, and the installation of equipment, testing and commissioning.

51. The installation of the transmission lines involves the following activities: a) Surveying and staking of line and tower locations in coordination with YCDC, Myanmar Railway, and other authorities b) Notification of affected landowners, shops, utility owners and other structures in coordination with wards and township authorities

c) Removal or repositioning of obstacles in the line corridor such as signpost/billboard structures, lighting poles, telephone lines, trees, and distribution lines (whenever applicable) d) Construction of foundations for the towers e) Erecting the towers f) Conductor and line stringing g) Installation of accessories h) Testing and commissioning.

52. The extent of possible interference of the transmission poles with existing city services and other YCDC assets, i.e. billboards and street lights shall be coordinated with the YCDC. Likewise, affected landowners, shops, and other owners of structures will be notified about the plan. Once the pole locations are finalized, obstacles are removed or repositioned.

53. Construction activities commence with the construction of the pole foundations at each monopole location. This involves excavation, construction of the pole foundation, and backfilling of the excavation. To avoid excessive disturbance caused by open excavations in urban areas, piles for monopoles are preferred. Cast in-situ concrete piles will be considered depending on the results of the soil tests. The excavations and construction area shall be barricaded to prevent injury to people.

54. The steel monopole is then erected and assembled. Specification requirements shall be observed with respect to bolt tightening, site testing, galvanizing, and painting of towers. This is then followed by conductor and line stringing. The conductors shall be strung by the controlled-tension method using rubber faced, double-bull wheel type tension stringing equipment. Jointing of conductors shall be performed as nearly as practicable at the same position. The line accessories are then installed on the poles and the transmission line in accordance with applicable international standards. After completion of the works, final checking of the line shall be carried out to ensure that all works have been done strictly according to specifications.

D. PROJECT PROPONENT

55. The project will be implemented by the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) as Executing Agency and the Department of Power Transmission and System Control (DPTSC) as Implementing Agency.

E. IEE EXPERTS

56. This IEE report with the assistance and support from the Asian Development bank (ADB). The ADB commissioned individual experts to assist the MOEE in the conduct of the preparation and updating of the IEE report. The consultants of the ADB performed technical, environmental and social due diligence and evaluation on the project.

The ADB consultant team commissioned is composed of the following: (Appendix E presents the curriculum vitae of the ADB consultant team).

Name of ADB Consultant Specialization Marc Pedron Transmission Expert / Electrical Engineer (International) Cherry Rivera Environment Safeguards / Environmental Engineer (International)

Name of ADB Consultant Specialization Jena Samarendra Social Safeguards / Social Safeguards Specialist (International) Hnin Hnin Aye Environment Safeguards (National) Swe Swe Oo Social Safeguards (National)

57. The ADB consultant team worked together with DPTSC officers and staff during the survey, conduct of public consultations and focused group discussions and in preparation of the environmental and social safeguards reports.

III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

58. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar established a regime of policies on environmental management. The principal legal instruments that have bearing on environmental management, health and safety of the Power Transmission Improvement Project are the Constitution issued in 2008, the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) and subsequent rules and regulations, and the Electricity Law.

A. MYANMAR REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

59. Constitution (2008). Under Section 45 of the Constitution (2008), the Union has proclaimed that it will protect and conserve the natural environment. National legislature can enact laws on environmental protection and natural resources while legislatures in states and divisions are given the authority to regulate environmental management within the boundaries of national legislation.

60. National Environmental Policy. The National Environmental Policy in Myanmar was adopted in 1994 to ensure the integration of environmental concerns in planning for economic development. The policy emphasizes the responsibility of the State and every citizen to preserve the natural resources of the country in the interest of present and future generations. The mandates on environmental management formerly rest on the National Commission on Environmental Affairs (NCEA) as a division under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 2005, the NCEA was transferred under the Ministry of Forestry.

61. In September 2011, the Ministry of Forestry was reorganized into the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF) which served as the focal and coordinating agency for the overall environmental management in Myanmar. MOECAF was reorganized again in 2016 to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) by combining the functions of the Ministry of Mines with the MOECAF.

62. Under MONREC is the Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) which is responsible for implementing the National Environmental Policy, strategy, framework, planning and action plan for the integration of environmental consideration into the national sustainable development process. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) / initial environmental examination (IEE) reports are reviewed by the ECD.

63. Environmental Conservation Law (2012). Through the MONREC, Myanmar implements the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) which was enacted on March 30, 2012. The law prescribes the implementation of the National Environmental Policy

and the setting up of basic principles and guidelines for sustainable development. The law also highlights a systematic integration of environmental conservation, natural and cultural heritage and ensures that policies are in-place to prevent the degradation of natural resources.

64. Formal directives for conducting environmental impact assessment (EIA) in support of the ECL6 of Myanmar are prescribed in the ECL Rules which was published on 5 June 2014. The ECL Rules includes the (i) proposal for incentive mechanisms, terms, and conditions for green initiatives for sustainable development to mainstream into the development sectors; (ii) establishment of the integrated environmental monitoring system; (iii) conduct of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and social impact assessment (SIA); (iv) development of environmental quality standards; (v) sustainable management and utilization of natural resources; (vi) waste management; and (vi) establishment of Environmental Management Fund for the implementation of measures to reduce adverse environmental effects including the cost of monitoring various environmental parameters during project implementation.

65. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure (2015). The EIA Procedure was issued on 29 December 2015. All projects undertaken by any ministry, government department, organization, corporation, board, development committee, local government or authority, company, cooperative, institution, enterprise, firm, partnership or individual that can cause significant adverse impacts are required to undertake either an IEE or EIA and to obtain an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) from MONREC. Annex 1 of the EIA Procedure provides the Categorization of Economic Activities that are covered by the requirement on impact assessment.

66. The categorization provides information on whether a project requires an EIA or an IEE. From Annex 1, electrical power transmission lines that are greater than or equal to 230kV and 230kV substations that will be built in an area greater than or equal to 4 ha are required to undergo an environmental impact assessment. The impact assessment thresholds for electrical power transmission lines and transformer substations are presented in Table 3.

Table 3: Impact assessment thresholds for electrical power transmission lines and substations based on Myanmar EIA Procedure (2015)

Criteria for IEE Criteria for EIA Type Type of Economic Activity Type Economic Economic Activities Activities

Electrical power transmission lines ≥ 50 km All activities where the Ministry ≥ 115kV but < 230 kV requires that the Project shall undergo EIA Electrical power transmission lines All sizes All activities where the Ministry ≥ 230 kV requires that the Project shall undergo EIA High voltage (230 kV and 500 kV) ≥ 4 ha All activities where the Ministry transformer substations requires that the Project shall undergo EIA Source: Annex 1 – Categorization of Economic Activities for Assessment Purposes, page 3. EIA Procedures

67. The EIA process involves (i) screening, (ii) scoping for EIA, (iii) EIA/IEE preparation and review, (iv) EIA/IEE approval, and (v) appeal. Before an EIA or IEE is

6 Environmental Conservation Law, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 9 - March 30, 2012

prepared, a project proposal together with the profile of the organization and/or persons to undertake the EIA investigation and reporting should be submitted to MONREC office in Naypyitaw. The proposal is screened by MONREC through ECD based on Annex 1 - Categorization of Economic Activities for Assessment in the EIA Procedure. Based on the categorization, the proposed 230kV Thida-Thaketa- Kyaikasan transmission lines will require an EIA while all the substations will need an IEE to secure an ECC. These categorizations are still subject to review and evaluation of the ECD based on the Project Proposal submitted by MOEE.

68. Public Consultation and Disclosure. The project proponent arranged the public consultation meetings at least twice during the EIA process. The first one occurs at the initial stage wherein the project is introduced to stakeholders and comments are solicited regarding their views on the anticipated environmental issues arising from the project. The second public consultation meeting occurs after the EIA/IEE has been prepared whereby the results of the EIA and the recommendations to address adverse impacts of the project are presented to the stakeholders. Based on the review of the EIA/IEE and results of these public consultation meetings, the screening committee will ask the project proponent to make amendments in the EIA/IEE report.

69. The translated summary of the draft EIA/IEE report is disseminated during the second public consultation and a copy of the summary of the final EIA/IEE report is provided to General Administrative Offices (GAOs) of affected townships and to MONREC in Burmese language.

70. Status of MOEE Compliance with National’s Environmental Safeguards Requirements. In 2015, prior to the issuance of the EIA Procedures, the MOEE submitted to ECD an IEE for the Power Transmission Improvement Project. The IEE includes the assessment of impacts, EMP, and the documentation of the various public consultations undertaken with other government agencies and with affected stakeholders.

71. The ECD sent a letter to MOEE on 04 November 2015 to revise certain sections of the IEE, specifically on the recommended standards of electric and magnetic field intensity and also asked for clarification on the area of new South Okkalapa substation and new West University substation.

72. With the proposed changes in the transmission line alignment, the MOEE submitted to MONREC on April 10, 2018, a Project Proposal in compliance with the requirements of the EIA Procedure (2015). The Project Proposal outlined the scope of the project and the new alignment of the transmission lines, anticipated impacts and proposed mitigation measures.

73. The ECD submitted its recommendation to MONREC on 19 June 2018 which requires the project to prepare an IEE for the transmission lines following the outline prescribed in the EIA Procedure (2015). There are no further requirements for the substations by ECD.

74. The EIA Procedures (2015) require the IEE report to contain the description of the project and alternatives considered, description of the surrounding environment including maps, impact assessment, results of public consultation processes, and environmental management plan with identified persons/organizations and budgets needed.

B. PERTINENT LAWS, POLICY, AND STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

1. Environmental Quality Standards

75. The Environmental Conservation Law (2012) provides the basis for the conservation and protection of the natural environment of Myanmar and provides the common principles of environmental conservation and for other environmental laws and policies. The Government established the National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines (NEQEG) in 2015 that includes guidelines for air emissions, wastewater, noise levels, odor, and sector-specific requirements including those for electric power transmission projects.

76. Discharge Standards. The wastewater effluent limits for electric power transmission is presented in Table 4. This standard will apply to wastewater that will be generated from the substations.

Table 4: NEQEG Effluent Limits applicable to electric power transmission Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH Standard unit 6-9 Total coliform bacteria MPN/100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 The same allowable limits of discharges of site runoff and wastewater during construction phase of the project applies.

77. Electric and Magnetic Fields. The NEQEG states that exposure limits for general public to electric and magnetic fields should comply with the International Commission on Non-ionized Radiation Protection Guidelines for limiting general public exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 Gigahertz). The electric field and magnetic field limits are provided in Table 5.

Table 5: NEQEG Exposure Limits to Electric and Magnetic fields

Frequency Electric Field (V/m3) Magnetic Field (µT) 50 Hz 5000 100 60 Hz 4150 83 Notes: V/m3 = volts per cubic meter; µT = micro tesla; Hz = Hertz Source: NEQEG (2015)

78. Noise. The allowable noise levels should not exceed the levels in Table 6 or result to a maximum increase in background noise of 3 dB at the nearest receptor location. The standards for noise are aligned with the IFC Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) guidelines.

Table 6: NEQEG Allowable Noise Levels

Receptor One hour LAeq (dBA) Daytime 0700-22:00 Nighttime 22:00 – 07:00 (10:00 – 22:00 for (22:00 – 10:00 for Public Public holidays) holidays) Residential, institutional, 55 45 educational Industrial, commercial 70 70 Note: LAeq is the equivalent continuous sound level in decibels Source: NEQEG (2015)

2. Electricity Law (2014)

79. The new Electricity Law (2014) repeals the 1984 Electricity Law and the Electricity Act of 1948. The new law establishes the Electricity Regulatory Commission (ERC) and grants regulatory responsibilities to the ERC and authorities of MOEE, region, and state governments, and leading bodies of self-administered zones and self- administered divisions the power to grant permits to entities to engaged in electricity- related works such as generation, transmission, and distribution.

80. Even with the promulgation of the new Electricity Law, the Electricity Rules (1985) is still in effect since the new rules have not yet been issued as of this date. There are specific provisions of the Electricity Rules on impact assessment, environment, health and safety. The conduct of the environmental and social impact assessments for power transmission projects is mentioned in the Electricity Rules (1985). Safety clearances are also prescribed as presented in Table 7.

Table 7: Transmission Line Minimum Safety Clearance based on Electricity Rules (1985)

Location 66kV 230kV Paddy field 19 ft (5.79 m) 22 ft (6.70 m) Parallel to road 22 ft (6.70 m) 25 ft (7.62 m) Passing through a road 22 ft (6.70 m) 25 ft (7.62 m) Building Horizontal clearance 13 ft (3.96 m) 16 ft (4.88 m) Vertical clearance 15 ft (4.57 m) 50 ft (15.24 m) Passing through a railway 24 ft (7.32 m) 25 ft (7.62 m) Source: Electricity Rules (1985)

3. Yangon Development Law (1990)

81. In Yangon, the Yangon Strategic Development Plan7 provides a comprehensive description of the legal and regulatory framework for the management of the city in addition to planned development visions to 2040. Policy or regulations for environmental management in Yangon are not well developed. The Yangon Development Law (1990) provides the foundation for environmental management through the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC). The YCDC is comprised of approximately 20 departments which oversee all infrastructure development and municipal services in the city. The law is supported by a set of municipal Notifications [bylaws] that govern urban development activity. Relevant rules and regulations in Yangon are the following:

7 Nippon Koei, 2013. Strategic Urban Development Plan of Great Yangon, 852 pgs.

• YCDC Notifications [bylaws]: a. No. 4: Health (1999) b. No. 6: Water and Sanitation (1999) c. No. 8: Playgrounds Parks, and Gardens (1999) d. No. 9: Buildings and Structures (1999) e. No. 10: Pollution Control and Cleansing (1999) f. No. 11: Roads and Bridges (1999) g. No. 3: City Planning and Land Administration (2001) • YCDC Zonal and Roadside Regulations: a. Area for Shwe Dagon Pagoda b. Area for Shwe Bone Pwint pagoda c. Buildings in Tamwe / Myttar Nyunt Townships d. Khint Shwe Wa Road, Kamayut Township e. Shin Saw Pu Road, San Chaung Township • YCDC Yangon City Heritage Building List a. 189 heritage buildings b. Yangon Heritage Zone.

4. Other Related Environmental Regulations and Policies

82. Other laws and policies on environmental management and protection in Myanmar that are applicable to the transmission lines and substations are presented in Table 8.

Table 8: Other Applicable Related Environmental Laws and Policies in Myanmar

Laws and Regulations Description Protection and Preservation This law was signed on 10 September 1998. It provides for of Cultural Heritage Regions the protection and preservation with respect to perpetuation Law, 1998 of cultural heritage that has existed for many years. The law prescribes that protection and preservation of cultural heritage regions should be in conformity with the International Convention approved by the State. Conservation of Water The law was enacted in 2006 to conserve and protect water Resources and Rivers Law, resources and river systems for the beneficial use of the 2006 public. It also aims to protect the environment against abusive use and exploitation of water resources. The law strictly prohibits disposal of engine oil, chemical, poisonous material, and other materials which that may cause environmental damage.

C. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS

83. Myanmar is signatory to the following international agreements. • Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage • Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer & all amendments • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants • Convention on Biological Diversity • Cartegena Protocol on Biosafety • International Tropical Timber Agreement • Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) • ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources • United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol • ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze.

D. ADB SAFEGUARDS POLICY STATEMENT

84. The environment safeguard requirements to be complied by borrowers/clients of the ADB are outlined in SR1 of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). These requirements include the assessment of impacts, planning and managing impact mitigations, preparing environmental assessment reports, disclosing information about the project and undertaking stakeholder consultations, establishing a grievance redress mechanism, and monitoring and reporting. There are also specific environmental safeguard requirements on biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, pollution prevention and abatement, occupational and community health and safety, and conservation of physical cultural resources.

85. Project Screening and Classification. The ADB SPS (2009) stipulates that project screening is to be undertaken as early as possible to determine the significance of adverse impacts, identify the level of assessment and institutional resources required, and to determine disclosure requirements. The ADB assigns a project to one of the following categories:

• Category A: If a proposed project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented; impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. A full-scale environmental impact assessment (EIA) including an environmental management plan (EMP) is required.

• Category B: If a proposed project’s potential environmental impacts are less diverse and fewer in number than those of Category A projects; impacts are site-specific, few in any of them are irreversible, and impacts can be readily addressed through mitigation measures. An initial environmental examination (IEE), including an EMP is required.

• Category C: If a proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

• Category FI: This is assigned to projects that involve investment of ADB funds to or through a financial intermediary.

86. Environmental Assessment. The ADB requires an environmental assessment of a project to identify potential direct, indirect, cumulative and induced impacts and risks to physical, biological, socio-economic (including impacts on livelihood, health and safety, vulnerable groups and gender issues) and physical cultural resources. Included in the environmental assessment is the examination of alternatives to the project’s location, design, technology, and components and their potential environmental and social impacts and the development of environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental monitoring plan.

87. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure. The ADB requires public disclosure for Category A and B projects. Category A projects should have at least two consultations, i.e. once during the early stages of the EIA and once when the draft EIA is available prior to ADB loan appraisal. Category B projects will require consultation(s) during the preparation of the draft report. The draft report should be available to interested stakeholders before project approval and should be posted on ADB’s website upon Board approval of a project.

88. If there are major changes in scope that materially alters or fundamentally affects the project’s purpose, components, costs, benefits, procurement, or other implementation arrangements, as approved by the Board, the changes are screened for environmental impacts. Those classified as category B require a new or updated IEE to be reviewed by ADB and disclosed on ADB’s website.

89. Grievance Redress Mechanism. The ADB SPS requires the borrower/client to set up and maintain a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) at project level. The GRM is intended to establish a system of receiving and resolving grievances or complaints at the local level. Affected people can also take complaints to the ADB’s Accountability Mechanism.

90. Monitoring and Reporting. The monitoring obligations are required commensurate with project’s risks and impacts. The minimum requirements are semi- annual reports during construction for Category B projects and quarterly monitoring during construction for Category A projects. For projects with likely ongoing impacts during operation, annual monitoring is required.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

91. The Union of Myanmar is located between 09o32’N and 28o31’N latitudes and 92o10’E and 101o11’E longitudes8 and covers a total land area of 676,552 sq km9. The country is bordered on the east and northeast by Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Thailand; on the north and northeast by China; on the northwest by India; and on the west by Bangladesh. The country’s coastline is bounded by the Bay of Bengal on the west and by the Andaman Sea on the south. The country is administratively divided into 7 states and 7 divisions. It consists of 70 districts, 330 townships, 84 sub- townships, 398 towns, 3,063 wards, 13,618 village tracts, and 64,134 villages.10

92. All the project components are in Yangon Region which is located within the delta region of the south. Yangon Region is adjacent to the Ayeyarwaddy Region to the west, by Bago Region to the north and east, and the Andaman Sea to the south. Yangon Region covers an area of 10,171 km2, administratively divided into 45 townships. In terms of land area, Yangon Region has the smallest land area in Myanmar but it is the most densely populated with an estimated population of 5.9 million and population density of 586 people per square kilometers11. About 67% of the population live in the urban areas and the remaining 33% in rural areas12.

8 Country Profile, Health in Myanmar, 2013 9 http://www.myanmartourism.org/FactsaboutMyanmar/index.htm 10 Country Profile, Health in Myanmar, 2013 11 Source: http://themimu.info/states_regions/yangon 12 Source: http://themimu.info/states_regions/yangon

1. Description of Transmission Line Alignment

93. The right-of-way of the 230kV Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan transmission lines traverses the city center of Yangon and are located in five townships (Botahtaung, Thaketa, Mingalar Taung Nyunt, Yankin, and Tamwe) and 18 wards.

Table 9: Wards and Townships along 230kV Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan Transmission Line

Towers and Substations Ward Township Thida Substation No. 3 Botahtaung T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-5, T-6, T-7, T-8, T-9, T-10, T-11, T- No. 1 Botahtaung 12 T-13, T-14, T-15, T-16, T-17, T-18, T-19, T-20, T-21, T- No. 4 Thaketa 22, T-23, T-24, T-25 (North) T-26, T-27, T-28, T-29 No. 5 Thaketa T-30, T-31, T-32, T-33, T-34 No. 6 Thaketa T-35, T-36, T-37, T-38, T-39, T-40, T-41 No. 14 Thaketa T-42, T-43, T-44, T-45 No. 13 Thaketa T-46, T-47, T-48, T-49, T-50 No. 12 Thaketa T-51, T-52, T-53, T-53, T-54, T-55, T-56, T-57 No. 10 Thaketa T-58, T-59 No. 9 Thaketa Thaketa Substation No. 9 Thaketa T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-5, T-6, T-7, T-8, T-9 No. 9 Thaketa T-10, T-11, T-12, T-13, T-14, T-15 No. 8 Thaketa T-16, T-17, T-18, T-19 No. 7 Thaketa T-20, T-21, T-22, T-23, T-24, T-27, T-28, T-29, T-30, T- No. 1 Thaketa 31, T-32, T-33, T-34, T-35 T-36, T-37, T-38, T-39 No. 436 Thaketa T-40, T-41, T-42, T-43, T-44, T-45, T-46, T-47, T-48, T- Myattar Mingalar Taung 49, T-50, T-51, T-52 Nyunt Nyunt T-53, T-54, T-55, T-56, T-57, T-58, T-59 No. 16 Tamwe T-60, T-61, T-62, T-63, T-64, T-65, T-66, T-67, T-68, T- No. 15 Yankin 69, T-70, T-71 T-72, T-73, T-74, T-75, T-76, T-77, T-78, T-79 No. 16 Yankin Kyaikasan Substation Tamwe Gyi Tamwe Kha

94. The Thida-Thaketa transmission line alignment starts at Thida substation in Botahtaung Township. The line follows the southern easement of Than Lyet Soon Road and turns northeast where it crosses the lower Pazundaung River at a property of the Naval Region Command near the Yangon waterpark. It crosses from the left- hand and right-hand shoulders of Shukhinthar Myo Pat Road to avoid buildings.

95. The transmission line runs for about 204 m adjacent to the right-hand shoulder of Shukhinthar Myo Pat Road before crossing beyond the left easement of the road to avoid a pagoda on the road’s shoulder. After crossing Shukhinthar Myo Pat Road, the line goes for about 100 m from the road into a swampy area that is parallel to the road behind buildings and houses. After about 850m, the line rejoins Shukhinthar Myo Pat Road and crosses over to the right road easement, following a north-northeast direction for about 1 km before crossing Thanlyin Road. The line then runs for about 500m on a northward direction to a vacant stretch of land along the eastern side of the railway track to avoid settlement areas of informal settlers and some monasteries. From there, the line continues on a north-northwest direction, crossing Aye Yar Wun Road as it enters the Thaketa substation.

96. From Thaketa substation, the transmission line follows the general northeastern alignment of the Aye Yar Wun Main Road (Figure 6). It crosses the roundabout junction between towers 9 and 10 and follows the northern side of the road. At about 344 meters from the roundabout, the line crosses into the southern easement of Aye Yar Wun Road to avoid tall buildings on the northern side (Figure 7). It again crosses back to the northern side at the crossing of Aye Yar Wun Road and Min Nandar Road until it moves to the other side at about 170 m from the junction to avoid buildings. The line continues at the road easement where there are large open areas and factories and then crosses towards the upper Pazundaung river area.

97. Lattice towers support the line on two opposite banks of the river. When the line crosses the upper Pazundaung River, it aligns with the Yangon circular railway easement on the east side where there are more open spaces and less houses (Figure 8). As the transmission line traverses the eastern side of the railway easement, the railway crosses the Malar New St. and goes over the bridge at Thingankyun Road. At the bridge crossing, the height of the tower ensures that it meets the vertical safety clearance. When the line reaches the Bauk Thaw Station, it crosses towards the northern side of Bauk Thaw Road (Figure 9) to avoid impacts on housing buildings on the southern side of the road and then turns towards the right easement of the Moe Kaung Road. It straddles this side of the road for about 437 m before crossing over to the left shoulder of North Horse Race Course Road on a westward direction for about 233 m before turning south to Kyaikasan Substation in Tamwe Township.

98. Figures 6 to 9 show representations of the transmission lines and monopoles along sections of the alignment.

Figure 6: Representation of the transmission line along Aye Yar Wun Road from Thaketa substation Source: DPTSC

Figure 7: Representation of the proposed monopoles in Aye Yar Wun Road along the southern road easement to avoid buildings Source: DPTSC

Figure 8: Representation of the transmission line along the easement of Yangon circular railway Source: DPTSC

Figure 9: Representation of the transmission line alignment along Bauk Thaw Street Source: DPTSC

B. AREAS OF INFLUENCE AND SENSITIVE RECEPTORS

99. The corridor of the line ranges from 1.7 - 5 m on both sides of the transmission tower. The main areas of influence cover the construction footprints of the transmission towers and lines. In consideration of the impacts during construction of poles and line stringing, the corridor of impact was extended to 50m on both sides from the center. Areas along the corridor may be potential affected by noise, dust, emissions, traffic, and other socio-economic disturbances. The impact areas also include the indirect or extended areas of influence which include worker’s campsites, waste disposal sites, and sources of construction materials which will be identified by the construction contractor. The potentially affected sensitive receptors within the main areas of influence of the transmission lines are summarized in Table 11. Details of the survey of affected structures along the transmission lines are found in Appendix A.

100. Sensitive receptors include nearby schools, temples/monasteries, health centers (clinics), residential houses and shops whose occupants and/or activities may be affected during construction and maintenance of the transmission lines. Other affected structures such as railways, bridges, roads, river, billboards, trees, and utilities were also identified during the environmental survey to determine whether further measures are necessary to protect these.

Based on the survey, there are 8 schools, 11 temples/monasteries, 2 health clinics, and 213 houses/shops which have been identified as sensitive receptors at about 50 meters from the center of the transmission lines that will potentially experience temporary disturbances due to construction activities. Those that will be affected permanently because of the construction of the base of the monopoles and towers include 9 shops, 4 houses, and 3 house/shops based on the resettlement survey. There are no sensitive receptors in the immediate vicinity of the substation sites.

Table 10: Identified sensitive receptors according to type of impact within the transmission lines

Sensitive Receptors Thaketa-Kyaikasan TL Thida-Thaketa TL Pemanent Temporary Permanent Temporary School (no.) 0 3 0 5 Temple/Monastery (no.) 0 3 0 8 Health Clinics (no.) 0 1 0 1 Houses/shops13 (no.) 8 121 8 92

School along Thaketa-Kyaikasan alignment Informal settlers near the site of the lattice towers for the upper Pazundaung river crossing

Shops and houses along the road School along Aye Yar Wun Road in Thaketa Township

Thit Sar Parami Monastery at Ward 10, Thaketa Informal settlers along railway track (Thida- Township Thaketa TL) Photo 1: Some of the identified sensitive receptors along the alignment

13 Data on affected houses and shops were from the updated resettlement plan, June 14, 2018.

C. TOPOGRAPHY

101. Myanmar slopes downward in elevation from the north to the south. Yangon is situated in the southern extremity of a long narrow spur of the Bago Yoma in the central area which runs in the north-south direction. The topography is characterized by the central ridge known as the Shwedagon-Mingaladon anticlinal ridge.14

102. The project is located in an area consisting of low flat land alleviated by the Yangon River and Bago River and a hilly area formed by an anticline which continues from the north. The moderately sloping hilly area is located in the central area of Yangon and is surrounded by the lowland area. The transmission lines are located at elevations ranging from 5 – 14 m. The lowest elevation is at the Thida substation site. The highest elevation can be found at the site of the Kyaikasan substation which forms part of the hilly area in Yangon.

D. GEOLOGY

103. The soil in Yangon area consists of fluvial flood plain. The area lies in the delta of the Ayeyawaddy River and along Yangon, Hlaing, and Bago rivers and Nga Moeyeik creek15. These rivers play a major role in the deposition of sediments and soil characterization in Yangon area.

104. Based on the published soil map of Yangon, the transmission lines and substations are located in the area where meadow soils and meadow alluvial soils are present. These types of soils occur near the river plains with occasional tidal floods. The meadow soils are composed of silty clay loam.

105. The geological formation in the Yangon area consists of the Andaman Trench in Bengal Bay located west of Myanmar. The Indian Plate moves northward and subducts underneath the Burma Plate from west to east. Another geological formation is the Sagaing Fault which is located between the Burma Plate and the Sunda Plate in the eastern zone of Myanmar. The Sagaing Fault has been reported to cause large- scale earthquakes in Greater Yangon. Geological hazards that have been reported in Yangon include landslides characterized by creeps, earthflow and slumps or block slides. Soil creeps happened at Shwe-Taung-Kyar, Botahtaung and Hninsigon Bobwa Yeiktha. Earthflow types of landslides were observed at Dhamazedi Road. Slumps or block slides have been noted at Inya Myaing, University Avenue Road, and Cantonment, west of Yangon Zoological Garden.16

14 Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon, Final Report. April 2013 15 Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon, Final Report. April 2013 16 Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon, Final Report. April 2013

Figure 10: Soil Map of Yangon Region Base Map Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

E. CLIMATE

106. Yangon’s climate is characterized by three distinct seasons, i.e. summer (March to mid-May), rainy (mid-May to mid-October) and cool season (mid-October to February). Rainfall in Yangon occurs in short duration and intensity. The area receives abundant rainfall from May to October. Based on information from the Kaba-aye Meteorological Station, mean annual rainfall is 2,787 mm and maximum mean monthly rainfall is 608 mm in July. The minimum mean monthly rainfall is 1.0 mm in January.

Table 11: Monthly rainfall and temperature in Yangon (1981-2010) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total/ Ave Rainfall 1.0 4.0 12 38 325 566 608 571 393 201 61 7 2787 (mm) Max 33.2 35.2 36.8 37.5 34.1 30.8 30.3 30 31 32.2 33.1 32.5 33 Temp, oC Min 16.7 18.3 21.1 23.8 24.3 23.6 23.2 23.3 23.2 23.1 21.3 17.7 22 Temp, oC Mean 25.0 26.8 29.0 30.7 29.2 27.2 26.8 26.7 27.1 27.7 27.2 25.1 27 Temp, oC Source: Meteorology and Hydrology Department, Kabaaye Station, Yangon

Figure 11: Precipitation and Temperature measured at Kayaaye Station, Yangon (1981-2010) Source: Meteorology and Hydrology Department, Kabaaye Station, Yangon

107. The annual mean wind speed at the Kabaaye Station is 1.1 m/s. Maximum wind speed was 42.9 m/s, recorded in May 2008 at the time of Cyclone Nargis. Cyclones normally arrive in the country in April, May and October. Wind directions are generally in the SW during summer and rainy seasons and NE in the cool season.

108. Yangon area is close to the Andaman Sea and is threatened by waves, cyclones and associated weather disturbances. There are areas in Yangon that are often inundated by river floods and the coastal areas are exposed to stormy weather. The bay of Bengal of the North Indian Ocean on the western coast of Myanmar is a typical place for tropical cyclone generation that moves towards the Myanmar coast. The Department of Meteorology and Hydrology reported that the month of May has the highest possible period for cyclones crossing the Myanmar coast. During cyclone “Sittwe” in May 1968, death toll in Myanmar was reported as 1,037. The Ayeyarwaddy Division was also affected by a cyclone in May 1975 that resulted to 304 deaths and the “Mala” cyclone in April 2006 which claimed 37 lives. The most devastating cyclone that hit the Yangon area is cyclone “Nargis” which hit the area from 28 April to 3 May 2008. Cyclone “Nargis” resulted to 138,373 people missing or dead, 3000,000 cattle

killed, and over 4,000 houses and schools in more than 6,000 villages destroyed. The damage was estimated at 13 trillion kyat (US$3.25Million).17

109. Historical data reveals that the area may be considered as cyclone risk and storm surge risk. There is 3.2% probability of cyclones occurring in the transmission line areas in Yangon. For storm surges, 6.70 meter storm surge have been recorded in Kyonkadun which is in the vicinity of the transmission line areas. The maximum observed storm surge height was at Pyinsalu (7m) and at Kyonkadun of Ayeyarwaddy Delta (6.7m) due to cyclone “Nargis”. Annual mean wind speed at the Kaba-aye Station in 1.1 m/s. During cyclone “Nargis” the maximum wind speed was 42.9m/s.18 Wind directions are generally in the SW during summary and rainy seasons and NE in the winter season.

F. AIR QUALITY

110. Air quality in Yangon is influenced by vehicular emissions, operation of factories, and construction activities. According to the ambient air quality monitoring data from YCDC (January 2017), the 8-hour mean values of air pollutants already exceeded the limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), PM10, PM2.5, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as shown in Table 12. The main reason for the exceedance are community activities such as vehicular movement and construction activities.

Table 12: 8-hour Mean Value of Air Quality Monitoring in Yangon Parameter Average Concentration Guideline Values/Standards Carbon dioxide (CO2) 499.6 ppm 345 (WHO) Carbon monoxide (CO) 925.21 ppb 9,000 (8-hr, US NAAQS) Methane (CH4) 842.13 ppm 160 (WHO) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 48.48 ppb 100 (1-hr, US NAAQS) 3 PM10 51.3 ug/m 50 (WHO) 3 PM2.5 43.3 ug/m 25 (WHO) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 137.52 ppb 20 (WHO) Source: YCDC

111. The reported measurements for particulate matter at the roadside in Yangon exceeded the WHO Guidelines (Table 13).

Table 13: Roadside Ambient Air Quality in Yangon Location Pollutant Measured value WHO Guideline (Yangon) Total Suspended - commercial area 342.58 μg/m3 - Particulates (TSP) - residential area 168.61 μg/m3 - industrial area 127.32 μg/m3 3 Particulate Matter - commercial area 177.69 μg/m PM10: 3 3 (PM10) - residential area 68.59 μg/m 20 μg/m annual mean - industrial area 66.95 μg/m3 50 μg/m3 24-hour mean Source: “Ministerial Statement on Global Environment and Energy in Transport “Pollution Control and Air Quality Management in Myanmar” by H.E Col: Nyan Htun Aung, Deputy Minister for Transport (Undated)

17 Hazard Profile of Myanmar. Department of Meteorology and Hydrology. July 2009. 18 Hazard Profile of Myanmar. Department of Meteorology and Hydrology. July 2009.

G. NOISE

112. Ambient noise level was measured in five locations during the environmental baseline data survey in February 2018. The measured baseline noise levels were compared with the NEQEG Guidelines of 55 – 70 dB (daytime). The noise levels were all above 55 dB, except for the station at the MOEE staff house near Thaketa substation. Noise was primarily attributed to road traffic and community noise i.e. people talking.

Table 14: Ambient Noise Level Measurement Location Date/Time Noise level Along Than Lyet Soon Road (near military 10:30am 59.7 housing) Feb. 27, 2018 Near Natmauk Pariyatti Monastery (along 11:45am 58.4 Shukhinthar Myo Pat Road) Feb. 27, 2018 Near Shwe Oak Gu Monastery (along Aye Yar 1:30pm 60.1 Wun Road) Feb. 27, 2018 Upper Pazundaung Road 2:00pm 62.6 Feb. 27, 2018 Meintanyo Railway Station (near Meintanyo 2:15pm 63.2 Housing) Feb. 27, 2018 Near Thaketa S/S (MOEE staff house) 12:20pm 51.1 Mar. 14, 2018

H. SURFACE WATER QUALITY

113. The major river in the project areas of the transmission lines, Thaketa substation, and the Kyaikasan substation is the Pazundaung River which receives the flows from Nga Moeyeik creek on the north and traverses the city center before it empties into the Yangon River. The transmission lines will cross the upper and lower sections of the Pazundaung River. The river flows in a southerly direction to converge into the Yangon River. The Pazundaung River and the Bago River joins the Yangon River and flows towards the southwestern direction into the Andaman Sea.

114. Secondary data on the water quality of Pazundaung River and Hlaing River were taken from previous studies as shown in Table 15.

Table 15: Water quality of Pazundaung River and Hlaing River Parameter Unit Pazundaung Hlaing River(b) River(a) pH - 7.7 – 7.8 6.5 – 8.5 Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 2 – 2.5 >8 (BOD) Total suspended solids (TSS) mg/l 62 – 78 4.2 - 29 Dissolved oxygen (DO) mg/l 3.5 – 3.9 >5 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 2.2 – 7.0 > 50 (COD) Sources: (a) JICA, EIA report, Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project, 2016 (b) Water quality assessment along Lower Hlaing River, Cho Cho Thin Kyi, Theigyi Ye Myint. Regional Conference Civil Engineering. Indonesia. iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jps/article/download/3256/2542

115. The water quality monitoring results at Pazundaung River indicate that the DO levels are lower than 5mg/l which affects the survival of aquatic life in the river. DO below 5 mg/l generally puts aquatic life under stress. The BOD and COD concentration is considered good but the TSS is already high. The allowable maximum concentration

of TSS into the river is 50 mg/l. At Hlaing River, the pH values ranged between 6.5 to 8.5 which means that water quality is neither acidic nor basic. DO values are less than the requirement for conservation of aquatic resources. The BOD and COD levels exceeded the acceptable limit of 8 mg/l and 50 mg/l for aquatic life.

Ayeyawaddy R. Ayeyawaddy

Hlaing R. Hlaing

Nga Moeyeik Creek Kok K o W a R . Study Area

ek P re an C H ng . la au in d Bago R g R zyn Pa

Toe R. Toe

Yangon R. Yangon anal ante C Tw : River Flow : Tidal River

Gulf of Mottama

Figure 12: River Systems in Greater Yangon Source: JICA, YCDC

I. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

116. The project site will not traverse environmentally sensitive areas. The sites of the transmission lines and substations are located in an urban setting where the natural habitat of wildlife flora and fauna has been altered. The nearest protected area is the Hlawga Wildlife Park which is situated in the Mingaladon Township. The southern part of the park is the Hlawga Forest Reserve is located approximately 11 km north of the Kyaikasan substation.

117. Vegetation along the alignment of the transmission lines consists of grass, bush, and trees. The trees are planted along the road easements to provide shade and for visual amenity. None of the trees are included in the IUCN Red List of endangered species. Trees along the road easements will be affected during the installation of the poles and the lines. The tree species consists of the following:

Table 16: Affected trees along the transmission line alignment Common Name Scientific Name Number of IUCN Status tree Bardam (Almond) Prunus dulcis 86 Least concern Rain tree Laburnum anagyroides 8 Least concern Mango Mangifera caesia 29 Least concern Neem tree Azadirachta indica 5 Least concern Baduk - 10 Least concern Banyan tree Ficus microcarpa 3 Least concern Total 141

J. LAND USE

118. Existing land uses along the transmission line alignment consists of residential, commercial and industrial uses. Figure 12 presents the general land use map of the project sites and surrounding areas.

K. PHYSICAL CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

119. None of the project sites will be located near any building and structure that form the Yangon City Heritage List. The revised transmission line alignment has avoided temples and monasteries directly below the transmission lines. The survey has identified 11 temples/monasteries in the vicinity of the towers as sensitive receptors which could experience temporary disturbance during construction.

L. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Population

120. The total population of Yangon Region was 7,360,703 persons as of March 2014. Of these, 3,516,403 were males and 3,844,300 were females.19 The total population of Yangon Region represents 14.3% of the total population of Myanmar. Yangon’s population increase by about 85% between 1983 and 2014, It has the highest population when compared with other states and regions in the country. Population density in Yangon Region was 716 persons per square kilometers in March 2014. This is about nine times higher than the country’s population density of 76 persons per square kilometer. The 2014 census on population revealed that the proportion of urban population in Yangon region is much higher than rural population. For every 100 persons in Yangon Region, 30 persons live in rural areas while 70 persons live in areas that are classified as urban by the General Administration Department (GAD).

Economy

121. The net production value of Yangon Region is MMK 8,818,345 million as of 2011, accounting for about 22% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and making Yangon the “Economic Center of Myanmar”. The industrial structure in Myanmar is composed of agriculture, livestock, fishery, and forestry (36%); trade sector (20%); manufacturing sector (20%); services sector (18%); construction (5%); and energy and mining (1%).

122. Yangon Region relies heavily on manufacturing industries which is quite different from Myanmar’s industrial structure that is concentrated on agriculture, livestock, fishery and forestry. Yangon Region’s industrial structure is composed of the processing and manufacturing sector (37%); trade sector (25%); services sector (24%); construction (5%); and electric power (1%). The agriculture, livestock, fishery, and forestry sector only account to 8% of the total production value.

19 The 2014 Myanman Population and Housing Census, Yangon Region. Department of Population. May 2015

Figure 13: Land uses along transmission line alignment

123. According to data from the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development (MNPED), there are a total of 15,089 factories in Yangon Region in 2010- 2011.20 The YCDC expects the development of more manufacturing establishments in industrial zones in Yangon (Figure 13).

Power Supply

124. Power supply in Yangon is served by the Yangon Electricity Supply Corporation (YESC). There 66 kV, 33 kV, 11 kV and 6.6 kV distribution lines around Yangon. Hydropower stations produce 72% of the total power in Myanmar. However, power supply is affected in the dry season due to shortage of water in dams. There are also gas turbines, steam turbines with combined cycle system and steam turbine coal power plants. Four combined cycle gas turbine power stations are operating in Yangon that meets 31% of the total power demand in Yangon Region.

Water Supply

125. YCDC manages both water supply and sewerage service. The major sources of water supply system are four reservoirs, of which three are owned by YCDC and one reservoir (Nga Moeyeik Reservoir) is managed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI). YCDC also obtains water from the Nga Moeyeik reservoir in accordance with the water rights from MOAI. Other sources of water by YCDC are in Gyobyu, Phygyi, and Hlwaga. People also get water from tubewells.

Sewerage

126. The section at Than Lyet Soon Road forms part of the area served by Yangon’s current sewerage system which is limited within the CBD area. The system was developed in 1888 and the sewerage area expanded in 1929. The wastewater treatment plant with capacity of 2,300m3/day was completed and became operational in January 2005. The treatment plant is located in a 22,500 m2 lot, approximately 900 m away from the proposed Thida substation. The main sewer line that collects black water from the Central Business District (CBD) area is located along the Than Lyet Soon Road leading to the treatment plant.

Health

127. Health services in Yangon are provided by both public and private health hospitals and clinics. Urban areas like Yangon have specialty hospitals, general hospitals, teaching hospitals, state/regional hospital, district hospitals, and township hospitals. At the townships, there are curative and preventive health services provided by township health departments aside from township hospitals that provide laboratory, dental, and some major surgical procedures. There are also rural health centers (RHC) that provide health services at the village level. The RHCs are staffed by a health assistant, public health supervisor, lady health visitor, and a midwife who are trained in primary health care and public health.

20 Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon, Final Report. JICA. April 2013

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, POSITIVE IMPACTS AND RESULTS

128. The project aims to provide stable electricity supply in the Yangon area where demand is very high. The beneficiary populations are the residents of Yangon Region and the commercial businesses and industrial facilities that are booming in Yangon. The project is expected to strengthen the power supply to the economically most important zones in Yangon where present electricity consumption as well as future demand increases are highest. Businesses and industries who are highly dependent on electricity are expected to benefit and foreign investments due to reliable power supply will be enhanced.

129. The improvement of the power transmission system is also expected to significantly reduce the risks of technical failures and power outages, and improve safety in the vicinity of the transmission lines and substations. The current supply suffers from frequent power interruption due to overloaded system.

130. Cumulatively, the positive impacts of such benefits are: (i) reduced power interruption, (ii) increased social and economic benefits to consumers from reliable power supply; (iii) enhanced operations of businesses and industries in the region; and (iv) enhanced safety of communities near power lines and substations.

B. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND CONCERNS

131. The MOEE/DPTSC evaluated several options to adopt suitable engineering design, site location and line alignment that avoids social impacts without compromising the technical viability of the project. Consultations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews with national level government, townships, villages, non-government organizations, and households and communities were organized and conducted to gather views of the stakeholders about the project and to identify measures to be undertaken in the next phases of project implementation.

132. The changes in the transmission line route was identified as the best overall route in an unmitigated circumstance. This was examined in further detail within the context of site-specific situations. Local issues were identified during the township consultations and through coordination with YCDC and the Myanmar Railway. Further examination of the alignment and tower locations will be undertaken during detailed engineering design.

133. In general, the findings on the revised transmission line alignment are:

j) The proposed alignment will not pass through any environmentally critical area and avoids all known cultural heritage locations in Yangon.

k) There will be no land acquisition since proposed tower locations will be in government-owned land and on road easements, therefore, eliminates the need to acquire any additional private land.

l) The new alignment used road and railway easements and open areas to reduce social impacts and disturbances during construction and line maintenance.

m) The new alignment avoided tall buildings, water lines, YCDC billboards, and future highway projects as well as reduced the number of shops and houses that will be affected during construction.

n) The potential human health and public safety effects on people living near the transmission lines will be minimized because the prescribed height of the towers are above the minimum safety requirement and monopoles will occupy lesser right-of-way than other types of transmission tower structures.

o) Traffic is light to moderate at affected roads but there are potential challenges in some intersections and roundabouts which should be coordinated properly with YCDC for traffic management.

p) There is a sewer network along Than Lyet Soon Road which could be affected when the monopoles are placed at the right side of the road. This will also be coordinated with YCDC.

q) The proposed locations of the lattice towers for the river crossing at lower Pazundaung River are located in wide and open land owned by the military. There are no anticipated impacts on health and safety at the site but protection of the river against sedimentation is necessary during construction.

r) The proposed lattice tower location at the property owned by the Ministry of Commerce at the banks in upper Pazundaung River is smaller but will also not pose negative impacts to health and safety. Safety and warning signs should be posted and proper grounding system should be installed at the transmission towers.

The assessment of impacts of the revised alignment of the transmission lines are described in the succeeding discussions.

a) Impact on Utility Services

134. During the detailed engineering design, the final location of the monopoles will be evaluated further in coordination with YCDC, YESC, and other service providers to avoid impacts on utility services such as sewerage, power supply, water supply and telephone. The current alignment of the transmission line will affect a section of the sewer line along Than Lyet Soon Road leading to the wastewater treatment plant being operated by YCDC on the southern side of the road. Monopole locations can be realigned to avoid the sewer line. There are also distribution lines and telephone lines that should be protected during construction. All activities with affected utility agencies will be coordinated during the detailed engineering design and coordination will continue during the construction phase.

b) Impact on Roads

135. Traffic. The transmission towers are mostly located along thoroughfares in Yangon. Based on ocular assessment and from interviews with residents, the roads are wide enough and experience light traffic throughout the day. Moderate traffic was observed at the roundabout of Aye Yar Wun Road, at the intersection of Shukhinthar Myo Pat and Yadanar Road, and at Moe Kaung Road and North Horse Race Course Road. These areas may require scheduling at night to avoid traffic congestion during daytime. Impacts on road junctions and at the bridge crossing are similarly related to

temporary blocking of road lanes and measures can be implemented to avoid daytime work when volume of vehicles traversing these roads are high.

136. All the roads traversed by the transmission lines are not in the parking restricted zones of YCDC. Despite this, the schedule of pole and line installation which could block one or two lanes of the existing roads should be permitted by YCDC for traffic management prior to implementation.

137. Damage to Roads and Road Easements. The installation of poles along road easement will damage existing concreted road shoulders as well as some open drainage canals. There are about 113 monopoles out of the 140 towers that will be located on road easements. This accounts to about 4,600 sqm of area that will be permanently occupied by the towers on the road easement. Aside from the area to be permanently occupied by the towers, temporary construction activities such as movement of trucks and equipment surrounding the towers can cause damage to roads and road shoulders. The contractor will be required to restore and rehabilitate any damage to roads and drainage canals that will be incurred.

Table 17: Roads traversed by 230 kV Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan transmission line

Name of Road No. of Type of Est. No. Est. TL Remarks lanes Road of length Towers (km) THIDA SUBSTATION Than Lyet Soon 2 Asphalt 9 1,053 Along the road Road easement; light traffic 6 Asphalt 1 0.24 Cross from the navy Yamonnar Rd area; wide road with light traffic 6 Asphalt 11 1,426 Along road easement; Shukhinthar Myo wide road with light Pat Rd traffic 6 Asphalt 1 0.14 Cross to the northern side towards vacant Shukhinthar Myo area to avoid buildings; Pat Rd wide road with light traffic 6 Asphalt 1 0.10 Cross to the western side of the road to avoid Shukhinthar Myo structures/buildings; Pat Rd wide road with light traffic 6 Asphalt 6 0.77 Along road easement; Shukhinthar Myo wide road with light Pat Rd traffic 6 Asphalt 10 1.22 Cross from Shukhinthar Myo Pat towards Yadanar Rd railway easement; wide road with light traffic railway railway 6 0.25 Alongside railway Railway easement 4 Asphalt 1 0.1 Wide road with light- Aye Yar Wun Rd moderate traffic; Near the Thaketa substation

Name of Road No. of Type of Est. No. Est. TL Remarks lanes Road of length Towers (km) THAKETA SUBSTATION 6 - 33 4,141 Wide road with light traffict; Cross on the left Aye Yar Wun Rd or right side of the road to avoid buildings and structures. Railway Railway 21 2,700 Alongside of railway Railway easement Baukhtaw Station 2 Asphalt 5 0.52 Along road easement; St. light traffic Moe Kaung Rd 4 Asphalt 4 0.43 Wide easement; light traffic on road 6 Asphalt 3 0.24 Poles at road North Horse easement; wide road Race Course Rd with light-moderate traffic

c) Impact on Railway

138. Railway easement to be used as overhead transmission line corridor is an internationally recognized option aside from the use of existing roads and tracks. This is because of the uninterrupted corridors that provide efficient use of overhead space which are ideal for linear power conduits. The Thaketa-Kyaikasan transmission line traverses about 2.7 km of the easement of Yangon circular railway while the Thida- Thaketa transmission line runs parallel to about 0.25 m section of the Thilawa branch railway line from Thilawa to Tow Kyaung Galay, connecting the port city in Thanlyin Okhpuso station to the Industrial Zone station in South Dagon. The impact of the transmission line to these two railways is not expected to be significant since the lines will run parallel to the railway and that safe horizontal clearance will be provided.

139. The design of the transmission lines should take particular attention to the vertical line clearance when the line crosses the railway at two sections, i.e. (i) from Upper Pazundaung Road towards the Myittar Nyunt railway station and (ii) near the Bauk Thaw railway station. The minimum vertical clearance should be ensured at these railway crossing sections.

140. The DPTSC has coordinated with the Myanmar Railway regarding the positioning of the tower locations to ensure that adverse effects on the operation of the railways are properly managed at the earliest stage of the design of the alignment. Coordination with Myanmar Railway by DPTSC is ongoing.

d) Impacts on Pazundaung River

141. Lattice towers are designed on the banks of the Pazundaung River. Appropriate measures will be applied to control runoff of sediments and oil-containing wastes into the nearby river. Sediments and other wastes generated during construction should not be disposed on the drains and waterways. Existing canals/drains will be protected against clogging. Mitigation measures will be required in the EMP.

e) Impact on trees

142. There are 141 trees within the 230 kV line alignment. Of these, 31 trees are affected by the construction of the monopoles while 110 trees may be potentially cut or trimmed during line stringing. These trees can be found along road easements and were planted primarily for landscaping. Coordination with YCDC is essential for tree removal and subsequent mitigation by tree replacement at site or elsewhere in Yangon.

f) Community Health and Safety

143. There are a number of buildings for residential and commercial uses and some pagodas along the roads which have been avoided by crossing on the other side of the road or by using the open and vacant areas.

144. Hazards from Construction and Line Maintenance. The adverse impacts to communities in proximity to the transmission line alignment mainly occur during the construction phase and occasional maintenance activities during the operational phase. The sensitive receptors in the direct areas of influence may experience safety hazards, temporary nuisance e.g. noise, traffic, and emissions brought about construction and maintenance works, influx of construction labor, and restriction of access which require suitable mitigation measures to minimize impacts. Sensitive receptors such as schools, temples/monasteries, residential areas, and shops along the corridor of impact shall be informed about the schedule of activities prior to implementation. Mitigation measures to address construction-related impacts are defined in the EMP.

145. Electrocution. During the consultation meetings and from interviews with stakeholders, concerns were raised was about the safety of the transmission lines and the potential hazards related to electrocution from direct contact with high-voltage electricity. To allay fears of the public on the operation of the transmission lines, further information dissemination shall be organized to educate the public about the safety features of the transmission towers as well as prohibited activities that will prevent public contact with the power lines. The towers will be designed as steel monopoles with ground wire. Clear visible warning signs should be posted at transmission towers indicating possible dangers to the public.

146. Electromagnetic Field. The corona of high voltage overhead transmission line conductors typically create radio noise. The design of the monopoles and the lines will consider the safety limits so that radio reception remains normal.

147. The transmission frequency commonly used in transmission systems ranges from 50–60Hz, which is considered as extremely low frequency with impacts becoming low with distance. The magnetic field and electric field at tower 13 – 14 of the 230kV Thaketa-Kyaikasan where there are nearby buildings was modelled by the transmission specialist based on the EPRI Red Book methods (2nd edition). The maximum magnetic field was found as 9.64uT while maximum electric field was calculated as 1.823 kV/m which are way below the exposure limits defined by NEQEG and the ICNRP.

148. In addition, trees, buildings, and other materials that conduct electricity shield the electric fields. In general, the electric fields are strongest close to the source and diminish with distance. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there is still weak evidence about substantive long-term health issues related to low frequency electric fields at levels generally encountered by members of the public. The negative

health effects from electromagnetic field (EMF), radiation from the transmission lines have not been established conclusively by the international medical research community.

149. MOEE will ensure that horizontal and vertical safety clearances from structures are complied with following international electricity standards as specified in the bid documents. In addition, EMF levels along the line will be monitored.

g) Occupational health and safety

150. The occupational health and safety issues inherent to the operation of the transmission lines include hazards due to exposure to live power lines and high voltage systems and working in heights causing risks of accidents. A worker safety plan will be implemented to reduce risks that include testing of structural integrity prior to proceeding with the work and the use of fall protection measures.

h) Impacts on sewer line at Than Lyet Soon Road

151. The alignment along the southern side of the Than Lyet Soon Road may affect the sewer pipe leading to the wastewater treatment plant being operated by YCDC. During detailed design, the monopole location at this road section will be evaluated further to check further adjustments and to avoid the sewer network. This will be undertaken in close coordination with YCDC.

i) Visual Aesthetics

152. Short-term aesthetic impacts during construction would be temporary and any adverse visual impacts are expected to be restored to pre-existing conditions upon completion of construction. The long-term visual impacts could occur because of the presence of high transmission lines and clearing of trees along roads. To improve the landscape along the roads, trees will be preserved on the road easements so long as the vertical safety clearance is complied. This will require regular monitoring and inspection by the PIU along the line. Regular trimming of trees near the 230 kV lines will be implemented to maintain vertical and lateral safety clearance.

2. Construction Impacts of Transmission Lines

153. Potential environmental impacts of the project are associated primarily with the construction of the transmission lines and substations. Short-term construction-related impacts that will be common the 230 kV transmission lines and substations are damage to existing roads and road easements, temporary interruption of utility services (power distribution, sewer, and telephone), reduced and/or blocked road lane causing traffic congestion, noise, dust and air pollution caused by truck and equipment use, soil runoff and potential surface water sedimentation from earthworks particularly at the lattice towers near Pazundaung River, potential public and worker accidents, solid waste and domestic pollution from worker camps, and social and community problems caused by presence of workers in the area.

154. Noise. Short-term impacts of noise during construction of the transmission line will occur from installation of the tower foundation and operation of trucks and heavy equipment. The attenuation of noise with distance results in a decrease in intensity with distance. The construction areas are located anywhere within the right-of-way and the maximum noise could be experienced from the monopole foundation. The monopoles will be located away from sensitive receptors. Line stringing is not

expected to significantly contribute to noise that will affect sensitive receptors along the lines.

155. Air Quality. The construction activities would generate pollutant emission which would be localized to the area where construction activities will take place. This will occur in the short-term time frame of construction.

156. Soil runoff. Tower foundations will require excavation for the footings which will generate loose soil leading to potential erosion of adjacent areas including clogging / sedimentation of drainage canals and waterways. Silt traps or temporary barriers and trenches around excavation areas and stockpiles of materials will be necessary during the construction of the lattice towers near Pazundaung River as well as near canals.

157. Timing is one of the critical factors involved in erosion and sedimentation control in construction sites. Site clearing, earthworks and other civil works should be scheduled during the dry season to prevent erosion and runoff of sediments. Likewise, the areas will be barricaded and provided with channels that will block silt from draining into canals.

158. Construction wastes. There are different types of construction wastes from the project, such as domestic solid waste and sewage from the workers camp; inert construction wastes such as scrap wood, metal, cement bags; hazardous wastes from used oil, empty paint containers, busted batteries, and spill cleanup materials. The contractor will be required to implement a waste management plan that includes onsite sanitation facilities and solid and construction waste collection and disposal system.

159. Common construction management measures to mitigate potential impacts caused by the construction of the two 230 kV transmission lines and substations are as follows: a) All foundation excavations shall be kept covered or barricaded to prevent injury to people. Failure to maintain proper protection of excavations may result in the suspension of excavation work until proper protection has been restored. b) Material removed from the excavation, which is not suitable or not required for backfill may be spread evenly over or adjacent to the monopole tower position, if possible. If in the opinion of the Supervisor the excavated material is not suitable for spreading, it shall be disposed of as directed by the Supervisor. Spreading of subsoil will not be permitted. All excavated soil suitable for backfill will be returned to the excavation by backfilling with the subsoil first and the topsoil last. c) All other construction waste, nuts, bolts, surplus concrete, etc. shall be removed from the monopole sites. Plastic, litter and conductor offcuts, and other debris are to be removed immediately from site. d) No surplus concrete or concrete washing is allowed to be dumped at tower locations and surrounding areas. No concrete washing is allowed at the site and near watercourses. e) The Contractor shall ensure at all times that his activities do not result in any contamination of land, water or air by polluting substances. He will implement physical and operational measures such as bunds of adequate capacity around fuel and oil storage tanks, establish solid and liquid waste disposal system, and implement dust suppression such as through watering of exposed ground. f) Should any pollution arise from the Contractor’s activities, including the improper disposition of sediments, the Contractor is obligated to clean up the affected area immediately at his own cost and that such clean up should be to the satisfaction of the Supervisor. The Contractor, at his own expense, will pay

fully compensation to any and all affected parties for the damage caused by his activities. g) Open excavations should be fenced, and trenches covered where public walkways or vehicles must cross. h) Speed limits should be posted and adhered to by construction vehicles on all existing and temporary construction roads. i) The Contractor will ensure that no trees are felled or harmed except those required to be cleared for execution of the works. No tree will be removed without the prior approval of the concerned government authority. j) Berms and/or silt curtains should be constructed around all excavation/trench sites near the river to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation. k) Local workers should be used as much as possible to prevent or minimize influx of migrant workers, and incidence of social disease and community unrest. l) Worker camps must have adequate domestic waste collection facilities and sufficient pit latrines that are located away from public areas and surface waters. m) Dedicated fuel storage areas must be established away from public areas and marked clearly. n) To minimize the risk of public and worker injury, appropriate Ministry of Labour ASEAN-OSHNET guidelines for Occupational, Safety, and Community Health must be applied or the IFC/World Bank Environment, Health, and Safety Guidelines (2007) that govern the safe and orderly operation of civil works should be followed. o) The Contractor at his own expense shall provide protective clothing and safety equipment (PPE) to all staff and first aid equipment at work sites. p) Campsites will be provided with proper sanitation, potable water supply, toilets for male and female, and cooking facilities. The campsite should be established in an area approved by the landowner.

C. CLIMATE CHANGE

160. The project components will not influence ongoing global or regional greenhouse induced climate change. Noteworthy is that the primary source of electricity generation in Myanmar is hydropower which compared to thermal generation from coal or other fossil fuels is much more environmentally friendly.

161. The project could be vulnerable to climate-change induced regional changes in the frequency and intensity of rainfall, flooding, and wind events. The foundations of all transmission towers with special reference to towers along the banks of the tidal Pazundaung River are sensitive to sea level rise, and must be located well above high water and flood levels with foundation designs resilient to prolonged flood events and ocean storm surge. The monopole tower and cable materials and design must also be resilient to increased severity of wind events.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

162. Information disclosure and stakeholder consultations were conducted as part of the environmental assessment process. The consultations involved in-depth key informant interviews with township offices and other relevant Government offices and formal stakeholder consultation meetings in Yangon. The consultations aim to provide an early link between the MOEE, local township offices, stakeholders and other government agencies to ensure that environmental issues of the proposed project are identified at the earliest stage of project planning and to identify mitigation measures

to address these issues. The consultations also allow the safeguards team to learn about environmental issues affecting the community.

163. The following documents the information disclosure process and results of the consultation meetings. Follow-up consultation activities are also outlined to inform the stakeholders of updated information on the detailed design and progress of the project.

A. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE PROCESS

1. Preliminary Consultations

164. Stakeholder consultations were conducted since 2014 during the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA). MOEE carried out meetings with government stakeholders at the office of the Yangon Electricity Supply Corporation (YESC) on May 30, 2014 to introduce the proposed power transmission project and to solicit their views and suggestions. This was followed by another consultation meeting held on October 2, 2014 with representatives of YCDC and the General Administration Departments (GAD) of townships and various wards. Non-government organizations (NGOs) were also met on November 7, 2017 at the headquarters of the Myanmar Engineering Society. On December 19, 2014, MOEE officials and ADB consultants met with the affected households at Yanpyay Manpyay Community Center. Issues that were raised during the preliminary consultations are on:

i. Towers should be kept as high as possible to meet safety clearance from existing structures ii. Close coordination among local townships, YCDC, YESC, MOEE and the design team is necessary. Township offices should be informed about the safety clearances and health and safety concerns to prevent people from settling near the transmission lines iii. Design of the project should consider wind load analysis iv. The area near Thida substation is very crowded which might compromise safety requirements v. Mitigation measures following ADB and other international guidelines should be designed to address potential of the project to cause EMF and electric shocks.

165. The consultation meetings were supplemented by in-depth interviews with stakeholders to obtain baseline information about the sites, Government clearance requirements and to discuss opinions on the perceived environmental impacts of the project. Suggestions were sought on measures to consider to properly implement the project and in avoiding any potential adverse impact.

166. The principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, coordination, and engagement into dialogue were incorporated during the preliminary consultations. The key informants who were interviewed were selected based on the sector most likely to be affected by the project and from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected. Based on the opinions of all those consulted, the framework for the micro level planning of dialogues and consultations was developed. Appendix B summarizes the issues raised during the in-depth key informant interviews and public consultation meetings held in 2014.

B. FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

1. Public Consultations

167. Follow-up public consultations were once again organized by MOEE through DPTSC from March 12 – 20, 2018 to present the updated plans of the project and the core safeguard policy principles, potential impacts and losses, and proposed mitigation and management plan. Six public consultation meetings were organized and a total of 294 participants attended these consultations. The meetings were held at the townships of Botahtaung, Htan Ta Pin, Mayangone, Yankin, Tamwe, and Thaketa.

168. Consultations were carried out through presentations and open discussions for both environment and social issues. Project information was shared with the local people. The contents of the presentations related to project/design features/line route alignment especially the revised design were presented by DPTSC representatives. Environment and social safeguards consultants assisted the DPTSC in the presentation of the core policy principles, environmental issues inherent to the transmission lines and substation and proposed mitigation measures, potential losses and compensation. The presentations were followed by open discussion of issues and concerns by the participants. Details on the venue, dates and number of participants of the follow-up public consultations is shown in Table 18.

Table 18: Summary of Public Consultations Meetings Location Date of Time of Consultations Number of Consultations Participants 1. Botahtaung Township 19 March 2018 1:00 PM – 2:30PM 26 2. Htan Ta Pin 13 March 2018 10:00 PM – 11:20 AM 80 Township, Yangon Region 3. Mayangone 16 March 2018 2:30 PM – 4:00 PM 35 Township, Yangon 4. Yankin Township, 12 March 2018 3:00 PM – 4:45PM 52 Yangon 5. Tamwe Township, 16 March 2018 10:00 AM – 11:30AM 63 Yangon Region 6. Thaketa Township 20 March 2018 10.00 AM to 11.30 AM 38

169. The issues and concerns that were raised during the follow-up consultation meetings are in Table 19. The minutes and attendance of the follow-up consultation meetings are found in Appendix C.

Table 19: Summary of issues and concerns raised during the follow-up consultations

Location Issues/Concerns Response/Clarification Botahtaung • MOEE still did not remove the • Detailed surveys will be Township old poles, how will they build carried out to find out new monopoles? exact tower location. • Safety issues related to the shop • Adequate safety owners operating under the right measures will be taken of way which may be under risk during the construction after the • Consultations will be • Some people were not aware carried out with the about the Project railways department. • Concerns related to poles along • People were made aware the railway line about the project and

Location Issues/Concerns Response/Clarification ensured that the consultations will be carried out throughout the Project cycle. Htan Ta Pin • If the transmission line to be built • The road will be upgraded Township, Yangon on the village road, then we are before construction. Region afraid that the road is road is not • There will be no such strong enough for construction. accident as fire measures • If there is fire because of the will be taken. substation or transmission line? • Future consultations will • Is there a plan to distribute be pamphlet about the project to the public? Mayangone • People ask about the Project • The Project will start next Township, Yangon Implementation year • People were concerned about • Engineering details were the impact area due to monopole shared with the people regarding the tower and lines Yankin Township, • People asked about the height of • DPTSC engineer clarified Yangon the monopole, distance between all the queries monopole and the foundation • The construction period is details of the monopole. about 2 years as clarified • How long will the construction y the people. finish? • It was clarified that the • People were curious about the bidding process will be bid process and were asking through international whether the bidder will be only competitive bidding, foreigner or local company so however, the local firm that local people can also get can also associate with benefits. the lead foreign firm during construction. Tamwe Township, • There has been a lot of fire in • There will sufficient gap Yangon Region Yankin. Is there any chance two and distance between transmission lines overlap and each transmission line so cause electric shock? they will not overlap. • How will you construct over • We will construct over flyovers? them with special towers • Will the transmission lines pass • No, the lines will not pass through houses in Tamwe? through houses. Thaketa Township • Local community asked about • People will be provided advance notice prior to the advance notice about the construction and shall not transmission line venture in to somebody's construction schedule property without permission • Shops will not be • Shops along the YCDC land removed. The lines are shall be handled carefully during overhead and they can the construction and shall be still operate under the removed or compensated line, however during construction, if there is any damage to their structure or business activities then the same will be compensated.

2. Focused Group Discussions

170. Focused group discussions with shops owners were also conducted on April 4 and 6, 2018. The shop owners said that they support the project because it will provide the community with 24-hour uninterrupted power supply. However, they are worried about the relocation and loss of income when their shops are closed. Most of them feel that the project has been planned by the Government but they want the project to ensure their safety and for the MOEE to provide fair compensation.

171. The shop owners are concerned if the posts are constructed near shops and houses. The suggest that higher transmission lines are better and will cause fewer accidents. They also suggest the construction should be carried out at night to reduce congestion on the road and disturbance during daytime to their business. The believe that the new electric transmission lines will replace the old ones which will help in preventing accidents. Businesses dependent on electricity will flourish.

C. FUTURE PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

172. Follow-up consultations should be established during the next phases of the proposed project, i.e. detailed design and prior to locating poles for directly affected stakeholders and sensitive receptors in the immediate area.

1. Disclosure of IEE

173. The draft IEE report prepared in 2015 was disclosed at the ADB website (www.adb.org) together with the translated IEE summary and EMP in Burmese language. This updated IEE will also be disclosed in the same manner at the ADB website. Copy of the IEE will be made available at all concerned departments and also at affected township level when requested. The semi-annual monitoring reports will also be uploaded in ADB's website. The hard copies of these reports will also be made available at the MOEE substations and township offices.

2. Consultation and Outreach

174. The MOEE will carry out additional consultations with the residents in the immediate areas of the transmission line alignment to present once again the final project alignment and tower locations. The consultation meetings with affected stakeholders will be conducted in coordination with the Township offices, village tracts, and villages.

175. Prior to project construction, the DPTSC shall provide information about the project through message boards and signs at township offices and along transmission line alignments stating brief information about the project and the contact persons in case complaints are raised against construction activities.

176. During the operational phase of the project, the MOEE through the transmission line maintenance department shall continue to coordinate with the townships and villages to ensure that any concerns of stakeholders are readily addressed.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

177. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is a systematic process for receiving, validating and addressing affected people’s project-related complaints. A GRM is

established to address concerns of the community about the project in a transparent and timely manner.

178. In general, MOEE will work proactively towards preventing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before these issues become grievances. Through the GRM, MOEE shall promptly address affected people’s concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s environmental performance without retribution.

A. TYPE OF GRIEVANCE

179. During the site preparation and construction phase of the project, there may be complaints related to the implementation of the project. Any affected person may raise and submit a grievance against MOEE if the activity has a detrimental impact on the environment, the community, or the quality of life of the people. Grievances may include the following:

• Negative impacts on a person or a community that includes adverse changes on way of life and livelihood such as loss of trees, land, crops, business, water supply, power supply, telephone connection, and other nuisances; • Hazards to community health and safety; • Construction-related nuisances such as noise and dust and improper disposal of wastes; • Failure to comply with environmental policies, safety clearance requirements and other legal obligations; • Peace and order problems in the community due to presence of migrant construction workers.

B. ACCESSIBILITY

180. The proposed project and the GRM shall be presented to villages, townships and affected households during consultation meetings. The department shall also set- up a hotline for complaints, including responsible persons from MOEE to act on the complaint. The name(s) of the contact person(s) and the hotline number shall be placed on notice boards at the construction site and at local government offices, e.g. villages, townships and district offices. Names of contact persons at the PIU, PIC, and contractor will be announced in the GRM pamphlets.

181. Affected people will be free to express their grievances in writing or verbally through the village head and these would be referred to the Power Transmission Project Department (PTP) of the MOEE for appropriate action.

C. GRIEVANCE RESOLUTION PROCESS

182. Figure 14 presents the Grievance Redress Mechanism.

183. The focal person in-charge of the environment and social safeguards under the Power Transmission Project Department (PTP) of MOEE as Project Implementation Unit (PIU) shall be responsible in receiving the complaint from an affected member of the community, validating community complaints, coordinating with the contractor towards the resolution of complaints, and in monitoring project performance to avoid recurrence of the problem. It is expected that complaints will be received and acted upon immediately.

184. The project contact person of the PTP-DPTSC, PIC, and contractor shall coordinate all actions with the complainant and the village head. The department should immediately carry out a review and assessment of the validity of the complaint and seek measures to redress valid grievances. If it is determined that the complaint is not connected to a project activity or that the project is being carried out in full compliance with applicable national and international standards, the PTP-DPTSC and contractor should explain the circumstances to the complainant and the village head.

185. The PTP-DPTSC and contractor will be given 15 days to resolve the grievance and provide feedback to the complainant and the village head on the results of the investigation and the proposed course of action. If the complainant considers the issue to be satisfactorily resolved, the PTP-DPTSC and PIC documents the resolution of the complaint. PTP-DPTSC and PIC will continue monitoring the remedial measures undertaken by the contractor.

186. If the complainant is not satisfied with the actions to resolve the complaint, the complainant may raise the complaint to the EA in Naypyitaw. The EA may call a meeting among the complainant, PTP-DPTSC, PIC, and the contractor to discuss the resolution of the complaint. Remedial actions agreeable to all parties should be developed. The contractor under the supervision of the PTP-DPTSC should undertake the resolution of the complaint within one week.

187. If the complainant is still not satisfied with the actions undertaken to resolve the particular complaint, he/she may file the complaint with the Township – General Administrative Department (GAD). The Township – GAD will record the grievance, further investigate the grievance, and will also call on the complainant, PTP-DPTSC, and the contractor to discuss the resolution of the complaint. Commitments and schedule of action and resolution of the complaint that is agreeable to all parties should be developed during the meeting with the Township – GAD. If the complainant considers the issue to be satisfactorily resolved, the grievance resolution process will be documented by the Township - GAD.

188. If the grievance remains unresolved, the affected person has the option to elevate the grievance to the next higher levels of the Executive Branch of Government such as the GAD at the District Office and then the GAD at State/Regional Office. Figure 14 presents the hierarchy of the grievance resolution process.

189. The last recourse of the complainant / affected person on unresolved grievance will be the judicial body through which punitive clauses of the Environment Conservation Law may be used to prosecute offending parties.

D. GRIEVANCE FOLLOW-UP

190. The MOEE through the Power Transmission Project Department of DPTSC (PTP-Implementation) may contact the complainant at a later stage to check if activities continue to pose problems to the affected person or community. If there is a remaining problem, the issue will be treated as a new grievance and may re-enter the GRM process.

Figure 14: Structure and Process of the Grievance Redress Mechanism

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. INTRODUCTION

191. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared for the implementation of the two 230 kV Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan transmission lines. The purpose of the EMP is to integrate the results of the IEE into a formal management plan that is implemented in parallel with the 230 kV transmission lines and substations to prevent or minimize the potential environmental impacts and issues that were identified by the IEE. The EMP addresses the results of the public consultations on the project that were convened as part of the IEE.

192. The EMP also prescribes the institutional responsibilities for the implementation of the EMP. The EMP is a management tool that provides a set of directives and guidelines that the project owner follows to prevent or minimize unnecessary environmental impacts of the 230 kV transmission lines and the new substations.

B. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND RESPONSIBILITIES

193. At the feasibility stage, the primary management framework responsible for the implementation of the EMPs for the 230 kV transmission lines is summarized as follows. The MOEE is the executing agency (EA) while the DPTSC is the Implementing Agency (IA). With assistance from an overall Project Implementation Unit (PIU), the IA will implement the transmission lines and substations and the EMP.

194. The PIU is supported by the Project Implementation Consultant21 (PIC). The PIC assists with completion of the detailed project designs, assists the PIU in updating the EMP to address the detailed project designs, and assists with the implementation of the EMP. The PIC also delivers required capacity development and training to the PIU. The PIU oversees and monitors the work of the construction contractor(s) who implements the construction EMP. A summary of indicative responsibilities for implementation of the EMP is provided below.

195. The responsibilities of the EA (MOEE) include:

a) Overall responsibility for implementation of EMP; b) Provide coordination and supervision for environmental and social safeguards; c) Submit semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to ADB; d) Liaise with ADB on the implementation of the EMP; and e) Coordinate with PIU on the resolution of issues arising from the implementation of EMP.

196. The responsibilities of the PIU include:

a) Assist the PIC in updating the EMP to meet final detailed designs of 230 kV transmission lines and the new substations; b) Notify MONREC to confirm approvals of 230 kV transmission lines and substations are met; c) Include the updated EMP requirements in contractor bid documents including bid evaluations and contracts; d) Closely coordinate with YCDC, Myanmar Railway and other agencies prior to the implementation of the project to ensure safety clearances are met along the transmission line ROW;

21 PIC to be defined

e) Lead follow-up meetings with all affected stakeholders; f) Undertake day-to-day management of EMP implementation activities; g) Ensure compliance with loan covenants and assurances including EMP in respect of 230 kV lines and substations); h) Regularly monitor the implementation of EMP; i) Monitor the Grievance Redress Mechanism implementation, grievances, status of resolution of complaint, and document all grievances; j) Prepare and submit semi-annual reports on EMP implementation to IA/EA; k) Oversee implementation of EMP and monitoring plan by contractor; l) Undertake regular construction site inspections to ensure contractor implements EMP properly; and m) Ensure contractor submits monthly reports on environmental mitigations and monitoring.

197. The responsibilities of the PIC are:

a) Update the EMP to meet final detailed design of 230 kV lines and substations; b) Assist the PIU in conducting joint surveys with YCDC, Myanmar Railway and other agencies to check any further issues, affected structures, and sensitive receptors in the transmission line alignment; c) Provide technical direction and support to PIU for implementation and monitoring of EMP; d) Oversee design and delivery of capacity development and training of PIU/EA/IA and contractor(s) on environmental management, implementation of EMP and monitoring; e) Supervise, monitor, and report on the contractor implementation of the EMP; f) Develop a simple report template and checklist for construction contractors that will serve as a guide in the monthly reporting to the PMU and PIUs on environmental issues and mitigation measures during the construction phase; g) Orient the contractors on the implementation of the EMPs and on the monitoring and reporting of implementation of mitigation measures; h) Provide advice and support to contractor and PIU with their monitoring activities; and i) Review all reports prepared by contractor; j) Prepare a consolidated monthly environmental monitoring report for submission to the PMU; k) Prepare draft semi-annual monitoring report for submission to PMU. The PMU will finalize and submit to MONRE and ADB. l) Assist PMU and PIU on conducting continuous meaningful consultations with the community and stakeholders. m) Ensure the effectiveness of the GRM, and the received grievances are properly addressed, tracked, and documented.

198. The responsibilities of Contractor include:

a) Implement updated EMP for construction phase of 230 kV lines and substations, and regularly monitor the compliances and implementation of EMP; b) Prepare and submit monthly reports on mitigation and monitoring activities of EMP any environmental issues at construction sites to the PIC and PIU. c) Implement the environmental sampling required prior to and during construction according to the monitoring plans of the EMP. d) Perform any required laboratory analyses according to the monitoring programs during the pre-construction and construction phase; and

e) Prepare and submit monthly reports to PIU on the results of the monitoring activities. f) Coordinate with PIC and PMU/PIU in conducting meaningful public consultations; g) Immediately act and resolve complaints received from the community and through GRM; and h) Implement any corrective actions recommended by PIC, PIU, and PMU.

199. The YCDC with support from the MONREC are the agencies which will regulate environmental management of the 230 kV lines and substations in Yangon. The MONREC provides direction and support for environmental protection-related matters including application of the EIA Rules in support of the Environmental Conservation Law (2012).

200. The ADB engaged individual consultants to assist MOEE and DPTSC. The consultants will (i) review and supervise project performance against the commitments of the EA/IE as described in the loan agreements, (ii) assist in the conduct of the environmental assessment and updating of the IEE and EMP, (iii) carry out periodic review missions to review the implementation of the EMP, (iv) assist the PIC in conducting the training for DPTSC/MOEE on environmental safeguards and (v) review semi-annual reports on EMP activities compiled and submitted by EA.

C. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES

201. The impact mitigation measures are presented in the mitigation plan for the transmission lines (Table 20). The mitigation plan is structured by the three development phases defined by the pre-construction, construction, and post construction-operation phases. Environmental issues and concerns raised at the stakeholder meetings are addressed in the mitigation plans.

202. If there are changes to the project locations and scope which would significantly affect the outcome of the project, the updated IEE and EMP will be reviewed again to check whether additional mitigation plans and corrective action plans are necessary to meet the final detailed designs of the 230 kV lines.

D. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

203. The DPTSC has appointed Dr. Kyaw Swar Soe Naing, Director (Implementation) of the Power Transmission Projects Department (PTP) to oversee the environment and social safeguards of the project. He will be assisted by U Myo Min Tun, Deputy Director, PTP and three other staff. Below is the composition of the team who will be trained to oversee the safeguards implementation. Additional members may be appointed for training as the project progresses.

a) Dr. Kyaw Swar Soe Naing, Director (Power Transmission Project Department, DPTSC Head Office) b) U Myo Min Tun, Deputy Director (PTP, DPTSC Head Office) c) U Nay Min Oo, Assistant Director, Project Manager (Civil), Southern Office, DPTSC) d) Daw Ngu War Mon, Assistant Director (PTP, DPTSC Head Office) e) Daw Shwe Yi Lwin, Staff Officer (PTP, DPTSC Head Office).

204. The PIC with assistance from the EMC will develop and deliver training courses to the EA, IA and PIU staff of the DPTSC including the contractor. The purpose of the

course is to strengthen their ability to oversee implementation of the EMP. Costs for training should be included with PIC budget.

205. The training on the implementation of an EMP should address two thematic areas. The first area should be principles of environmental assessment and management focused on the potential impacts of project activities on the natural and social environments. The second area should be environmental safeguard requirements of the ADB and the Government with specific reference to the EMP implementation. The capacity building program will prepare the PIU to assume the responsibilities on environment safeguards and provide other relevant units of the DPTSC with an understanding of the basic principles of environmental and social safeguards.

206. Hands-on training and supervision will be rendered by the PIC with assistance of the EMC to the nominated staff of PIU through on-the-job training, tutorials, and actual on-site field monitoring activities.

Table 20: Impact mitigation plan for 230 kV Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan transmission lines

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Project disclosure 1. Conduct project information disclosure Townships of Before start of US$10,000 EA/IA PIU and grievance redress process at Botahtaung, project (c/o PIC) townships Thaketa, construction Yankin, Mingalar Taung Nyunt, Tamwe and in Yangon Region Project approvals by 2. Submit the IEE/EIA to MONREC of the Entire TLs Before c/o EA/IA EA/IA PIU Government agencies 230 kV transmission lines and obtain construction required project approval from MONREC.

3. Coordinate with YCDC, Myanmar Railway, Port Authority, Yangon Regional Naval Command, and other relevant government agencies to obtain permission to locate tower in their properties. Detailed design of 4. Conduct spot survey of tower pole Entire TLs Before c/o EA/IA EA/IA PIU 230kV transmission locations together with YCDC and construction lines Myanma Railway to finalize tower locations.

PIC and Contractor

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision 5. Work with PIC22 to complete the detailed designs of the 230 kV transmission lines. Ensure the following measures are included: a) Compliance of electrical safety standards b) identification of spill management prevention plans, and emergency response plans for 230 kV line construction sites; c) no disturbance or damage to cultural property and values; d) no or minimal disruption to Yangon city water supplies, drainage lines, sewers, telecommunication lines along access with contingency plans for unavoidable disruptions; e) no or minimal disruption to normal pedestrian and vehicle traffic along all affected roads with contingency of alternate routes; f) notify affected residents of construction activities and schedule. Impact on sensitive 6. Identify sensitive receptors near the Entire TLs Before c/o EA/IA EA/IA PIU with receptors along the alignment construction assistance from alignment (hospitals, 7. Coordinate with building begins ADB consultants temples, monastery, occupants/owners about the schools, residential construction activities prior to start of areas) works.

22 Project Implementation Consultant

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision Initiate the 8. Initiate EMP to include traffic Prior to start c/o PIU and PIC Contractor Environmental management plan for works along road of construction Contractor Management Plan easements, measures to minimize runoff of sediments, oil spills and pollution of Pazundaung River, measures to avoid disruption of public For all utilities (water supply, drainage, construction electricity, and telecommunications) sites along and railway services, the locations of TLs construction camps, materials storage and waste disposal sites, and measures to avoid hazards to public health and safety and damage to properties. Orientation on EMP 9. Develop and schedule training plan for For TLs Before c/o PIC EA/IA PIC and IA/PIU/Contractor to be able to fully construction Contractor implement & supervise EMP, and to manage implementation of mitigation measures by contractor(s). 10. Create awareness plan for contractor who will implement mitigation measures. CONSTRUCTION PHASE Compliance with 11. Contractor(s) to comply with all For all Beginning of c/o PIU Contractor permits and licenses statutory requirements set out by construction construction contractor YCDC, MONREC, MOT, and other sites relevant agencies for use of construction equipment, and construction operations such as YCDC approvals for construction vehicle use of city roads, and management of excavation and transport of soil, and

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision from MOT approvals for construction works near Pazundaung River pursuant to the Conservation Water Resources and Rivers Law. Recruitment of workers 12. Use local workers as much as possible All work sites Throughout c/o PIU Contractor thereby reducing number of migrant construction Contractor workers phase 13. Create registry for construction workers including migrant workers. 14. Implement the ID-system at construction sites. Traffic congestion for Works along Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor works along road 15. PIU and Contractor will coordinate with road the Contractor easements that may YCDC and township authorities to easements construction require partial closure secure road use clearance and phase of road sections during negotiate conditions of use prior to start monopole installation of the activities. because of cranes and large construction 16. Define and schedule how materials are vehicles carrying the transported, handled and stored at the power poles sites. Schedule construction vehicle activity during light traffic periods.

17. Create adequate traffic detours and sufficient signage and warning lights.

18. Traffic rerouting (if necessary) will be planned in coordination with YCDC.

19. Demarcate additional locations where pedestrians can develop road crossings away from construction areas.

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision

20. Assign flag persons to direct the flow of vehicles to guide the travelling public.

21. Advisories and notices to the public on the project implementation and temporary road lane blockage will be issued in coordination with YCDC and township authorities. Temporary disruption 22. Develop carefully a plan of days and All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor of utility and railway locations where outages in utilities and construction the Contractor services (whenever services will occur, or are expected. sites (road construction necessary) 23. Collaborate with YCDC, YESC, easements, phase Myanma Railway and other Yangon near railway) utilities and services with schedule, and identify possible contingency back-up plans for outages. 24. Contact affected community to inform them of planned outages. 25. Schedule all outages during low use time such between 24:00 and 06:00. Removal of trees along 26. Contact YCDC and MONREC All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor TL regarding damage to trees and construction the Contractor vegetation along transmission line sites construction alignment/ phase 27. Restrict necessary tree and vegetation removal 28. Minimize removals of trees and install protective physical barriers around trees that do not need to be removed. 29. Where possible re-vegetate and landscape after construction

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision completed. Consult YCDC and MONREC to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques. Aim to replant three trees for each tree removed. Soil erosion which may 30. Install temporary storm drains or All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor cause loss of drainage ditches for construction sites construction the Contractor and flood storage 31. Ensure drains to Pazundaung River are sites construction maintained to sustain continued phase stormwater drainage capacity. 32. Berms and plastic sheet fencing should be placed around all tower excavations and earthwork areas. 33. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 34. Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling. 35. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready. 36. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work completed. Degradation of water 37. Protect Pazundaung River from silt and All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor quality of Pazundaung eroded soil. construction the Contractor River 38. Protective berms, or plastic sheet sites construction fencing, should be placed between all phase earthworks and Pazundaung River. 39. Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision 40. Earthworks near Pazundaung River should be conducted during dry periods. 41. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from Pazundaung River. 42. No waste of any kind is to be thrown in Pazundaung River. 43. No washing or repair of machinery near Pazundaung River. 44. Pit latrines to be located well away from Pazundaung River. 45. No aggregate mining from Pazundaung River. Solid and liquid waste 46. Management of general solid and liquid All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor generation waste from construction will follow construction the Contractor MONREC and YCDC regulations, for sites construction collection, handling, transport, phase recycling, and disposal of waste created from construction activities and work force. 47. Areas of disposal of solid and liquid waste to be determined by MONREC and YCDC. 48. Construction sites should have large garbage bins. 49. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision 50. Solid waste should be separated and recyclable old TL materials sold to buyers in community. Hazardous waste 51. Collection, storage, transport, and All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor generation disposal of hazardous waste such as construction the Contractor used oils, gasoline, paint, and other sites construction toxics must follow MONREC and YCDC phase regulations. 52. Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition well away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and sensitive receptors. 53. All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled in accordance with the requirements of MONREC and YCDC.

Noise 54. As much as possible, restrict working All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor time between 07:00 and 17:00. construction the Contractor 55. Maintain equipment in proper working sites construction order phase 56. Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery. 57. Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use. 58. Construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible.

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision Community health and 59. In accordance with applicable All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor safety hazards legislation, the Contractor shall take all construction the Contractor reasonable precautions for the sites construction protection of life and property in phase connection with the works. The Contractor shall use construction methods and measures that will assure safely of the works that include among others the provision of scaffoldings, guard rails, fences, boards, and adequate lighting. 60. Any structure in public or private property that may be damaged in the course of the civil works shall be replaced and restored by the Contractor, subject to the approval of the owner of the affected structure. No damage shall be caused to any crops unless both the landowner and the Supervisor, prior to the work commencing, agree upon the extent of the intended damage. 61. Provision of barricades around site where construction works are to be undertaken. 62. Disturbed areas must be restored to original condition after construction completed. 63. There shall be no littering of the ground. The Contractor shall provide suitable containers for construction

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision debris, solid wastes and hazardous wastes. 64. No fires shall be allowed on site under any circumstances. 65. Proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all tower construction areas. 66. Sufficient signage and information disclosure, and site supervisors and night guards should be placed at all construction sites along TLs. 67. Speed limits suitable for the size and type of construction vehicles, and current traffic patterns should be developed, posted, and enforced on all roads used by construction vehicles. 68. Standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in. Dust emission from 69. Exposed subsoil and topsoil from Tower sites During c/o PIU and PIC Contractor laying of foundations of excavations may result to fugitive dust excavation of Contractor tower poles emissions. Stockpiles of soil will be pole covered with tarps or plastic sheeting. foundation 70. Conduct water spraying in areas prone to dust emission Worker health and 71. The Contractor shall provide protective All Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor safety hazards clothing and safety equipment construction the Contractor (Personal Protective Equipment) to all sites construction staff and labor engaged in the works. phase Such clothing and equipment will include at the minimum, hard hat, high visibility vests, and protective footwear as appropriate to the job in hand.

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision 72. The Contractor will provide and maintain first-aid supplies and equipment at the Contractor’s site office. At work sites where 40 or more persons are engaged in the works, the Contractor will at all times assign a person qualified in first-aid with access to appropriate first-aid equipment. 73. Test structural integrity of scaffoldings and support structures prior to proceeding with the work. 74. Use of fall protection measures 75. Provide portable toilets and garbage cans at work sites. Under no circumstances shall disposal of domestic sewage on grassland and surrounding premises be permitted. 76. A solid waste collection program must be established and implemented that maintains a clean construction site. 77. HIV/AIDS education should be given to workers. Operation of camp 78. Ensure waste disposal facilities Camp sites Throughout c/o PIU and PIC Contractor sites may create including portable toilets and garbage the Contractor unsanitary conditions cans at camp sites. construction and pollution in the 79. Locate separate pit latrines for male phase surrounding area. and female workers away from eating areas. 80. A clean-out or infill schedule for portable toilets/pit latrines must be established and implemented to ensure

Project Activity / In-charge of Potential Mitigating Measures Location Schedule Cost In-charge of Implementation Environmental Impact Supervision working latrines are available at all times. 81. Disturbed areas at camp sites must be restored to original condition after construction completed. Chance finds during 82. In case of chance finds, any antiques, All tower During the Part of PIU and PIC Contractor excavation works cultural and historical artifacts that may locations excavation of construction be discovered will be immediately foundations of cost reported to local authorities. poles OPERATION PHASE Health and safety; 83. Health and safety plan will be Along TL During line Part of MOEE DPTSC injury to workers due implemented throughout the operation maintenance operations to electrocution/ phase. cost exposure to live power 84. Conduct training/seminar on lines, working in occupational health and safety heights, risks of 85. Periodic health and safety training and accidents, and practice drills potential exposure to 86. Restricting access to electrical electric and magnetic equipment by workers only trained and fields. certified to work on electrical equipment 87. Provision of PPE for workers, safety measures, personal safety devices, and other precautions. 88. Testing of structural integrity prior to proceeding with the work 89. Use of fall protection measures Community Health and 90. Provision of safety and danger warning Along TL During line Part of MOEE DPTSC Safety signs. maintenance operations 91. Conduct regular inspections of the line cost to help identify missing or corroded parts.

E. MONITORING PLAN

207. The monitoring plan focus on all three phases (pre-construction, construction, post-construction operation) of the project, and consist of environmental indicators, sampling locations and frequency, method of data collection, responsible parties, and estimated costs. The purpose of the monitoring plan is to determine the effectiveness of the impact mitigations, and to document any unexpected positive or negative environmental impacts of the project.

208. The PIU with assistance of the PIC and contractor will oversee the implementation of the environmental monitoring programs. The PIC will be responsible for the sampling of any environmental parameters that must be analyzed in a laboratory in coordination with the PIU and contractor. The contractor will provide logistical support to the PIC where necessary for the implementation of monitoring plans.

209. After construction is completed, the potential impacts of the operation of the 230 kV transmission lines and the substations will be monitored by MOEE. Monitoring of the success of any minor resettlement in the affected areas will be undertaken as part of the separate RP prepared for the project.

F. PERFORMANCE MONITORING

210. Performance monitoring is required to assess the overall performance of the EMP. A performance monitoring system is normally developed by the EA for the entire project. Selected indicators of major components of the environment that will be affected primarily by the construction phase are drawn from the mitigation and monitoring plans and summarized in Table 22.

G. REPORTING

211. Regular reporting on the implementation of mitigation measures, and on monitoring activities during construction phase of the project is required. Reporting is the responsibility of PIU with assistance of the PIC and should be conducted in conjunction with regular meetings with stakeholders as part of the continuation of stakeholder communications. The mitigation and monitoring plans summarize proposed reporting.

A report on environmental monitoring and implementation of EMP will be prepared semi-annually for the EA by the PIU with assistance of the PIC. The report will compile monthly reports provided by the contractor and findings of the PIU and PIC monitoring. The reports will table all indicators measured with the monitoring plans including performance monitoring indicators (Table 22), and will include relevant environmental quality standards. A semi-annual report on the environment monitoring of the project must be prepared and submitted to the ADB by the EA for uploading to ADB website. The template of the environmental monitoring report is shown in Appendix E.

Table 21: Environmental monitoring plan for 230 kV transmission lines

Responsibility Estimated Supervision / Cost Environmental 23 Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Reporting (USD) Indicators Implementation Supervision Implementation

Pre-construction Phase – (Detailed Engineering Design) Update where necessary ROW of transmission lines Field work, community Once Once PIC/PIU No baseline on sensitive consultations Environmental marginal receptors (e.g., cultural Spot survey with Monitoring cost (c/o property and values, YCDC, Myanmar Consultant PIC) schools or hospitals) along Railway and other TL corridors. agencies Survey of affected ROW of transmission lines Field work, spot survey Once and Once PIC/PIU Environmental No structures and utilities with YCDC, Myanmar additional Monitoring marginal Railway and other confirmatory Consultant cost (c/o agencies surveys if PIC) necessary Air quality: PM10, CO, 1. Bauk Htaw Road (near Using field and One day and One baseline PIC/PIU Environmental $2,000 NOx, SOx TL-61, Bauk Htaw station) analytical methods one night supplement Monitoring 2. Aye Yar Wun Road approved by MONREC measurement report before Consultant (near TL-10, Mya Kwar construction phase starts Nyo housing) 3. Shukinthat Myo Pat Road (near TL-35, Nat Mauk Monastery) 4. Than Lyet Soon Rd (near TL-3, MOEG housing)

23 Estimated costs of monitoring will be updated with monitoring plan and overall EMP at detailed designs stage

Responsibility Estimated Supervision / Cost Environmental 23 Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Reporting (USD) Indicators Implementation Supervision Implementation

Noise levels, dBA 1. Bauk Htaw Road (near Using field and One day and One baseline PIC/PIU Environmental $100 (c/o TL-61, Bauk Htaw station) analytical methods one night supplement Monitoring PIC) 2. Aye Yar Wun Road approved by MONREC measurement report before Consultant (near TL-10, Mya Kwar construction phase starts Nyo housing) 3. Shukinthat Myo Pat Road (near TL-35, Nat Mauk Monastery) 4. Than Lyet Soon Rd (near TL-3, MOEG housing) Water quality: DO, BOD, 1. Lower Pazundaung Using field and Once One baseline PIC/PIU Environmental $1,000 TSS, oil/grease River near Thida-Thaketa analytical methods supplement Monitoring (c/o PIC) TL crossing at Navy approved by MONREC report before Consultant property construction phase starts 2. Along river bank Thaketa-Kyaikasan TL crossing at Upper Pazundaung River Construction Phase of 230 kV Transmission Lines Air quality: PM10, CO, 1. Bauk Htaw Road (near Using field and One day and Annual PIC/PIU Environmental $4,000 NOx, SOx TL-61, Bauk Htaw station) analytical methods one night Monitoring (c/o PIC) 2. Aye Yar Wun Road approved by MONREC measurement Consultant (near TL-10, Mya Kwar Nyo housing) 3. Shukinthat Myo Pat Road (near TL-35, Nat Mauk Monastery) 4. Than Lyet Soon Rd (near TL-3, MOEG housing)

Responsibility Estimated Supervision / Cost Environmental 23 Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Reporting (USD) Indicators Implementation Supervision Implementation

Noise levels, dBA 1. Bauk Htaw Road (near Using field and Quarterly One baseline PIC/PIU Environmental $400 (c/o TL-61, Bauk Htaw station) analytical methods supplement Monitoring PIC) 2. Aye Yar Wun Road approved by MONREC report before Consultant (near TL-10, Mya Kwar construction phase starts Nyo housing) 3. Shukinthat Myo Pat Road (near TL-35, Nat Mauk Monastery) 4. Than Lyet Soon Rd (near TL-3, MOEG housing) Water quality: DO, BOD, 1. Lower Pazundaung Using field and Annual One baseline PIC/PIU Environmental $3,000 TSS, oil/grease River near Thida-Thaketa analytical methods supplement Monitoring (c/o PIC) TL crossing at Navy approved by MONREC report before Consultant property or YCDC construction phase starts 2. Along river bank Thaketa-Kyaikasan TL crossing at Upper Pazundaung River Construction sites: solid All construction sites Visual observation, Continuous Monthly by PIC/PIU Environmental No waste mgt, sanitation, regular reporting by PIU/PIC Monitoring marginal health and safety, public contractors/PIU, Consultant cost complaints, incidence of interviews Semi-annual (c/o PIC) by EMC worker or public accidents, EMP measures Construction camp: solid Construction camp Visual observation, Continuous Monthly by PIC/PIU Environmental No waste mgt, sanitation, regular reporting by PIU/PIC Monitoring marginal public complaints, contractors/PIU, Consultant cost (c/o incidence of worker or interviews Semi-annual PIC) by EMC public accidents, EMP measures

Responsibility Estimated Supervision / Cost Environmental 23 Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Reporting (USD) Indicators Implementation Supervision Implementation

Operation of 230 kV Transmission Lines Incidence of worker or All along transmission line Visual observation, Continuous Monthly by PIU MOEE Part of public accidents and alignment regular reporting by PIU O&M cost injuries, or spills of PIU, interviews (c/o PIU) hazardous materials EMF levels Sites where sensitive Measurement of EMF Continuous Monthly by PIU MOEE Part of receptors are located within levels PIU O&M cost 5m from the alignment (c/o PIU)

Table 22: Performance monitoring environmental indicators Major Environmental Key Indicator Performance Objective Data Source Component Pre-construction Phase Public Consultation Affected public and Meetings with public stakeholders Minutes of and Disclosure stakeholders contacted during IEE and new meeting, and stakeholders convened for follow-up participants list consultation and to introduce grievance mechanism EMP Updated EMP All stakeholders contacted during IEE EMP re-contacted for follow-up consultation Bid Documents Requirements of EMP EMP appended to bidding documents Bid documents (CEMP24) with clear instructions to bidders for CEMP Training of IA/PIU Training course(s) and By end of pre-construction phase, Course(s) outline, schedule required course(s) that will be participants, and delivered are designed and scheduled schedule Construction Phase

Air quality PM10, CO, NOx, SOx Levels never exceed pre-construction EMC and baseline levels contractor monitoring reports Noise dBA Levels never exceed pre-construction EMC and baseline levels contractor monitoring reports Water quality of TSS, DO, BOD, oil and Levels never exceed pre-construction EMC and Pazundaung River grease baseline levels contractor monitoring reports Soil and wastewater Solid and liquid waste Rigorous program of procedures and Contractor and management rules to collect and store all waste EMC monitoring from construction sites practiced. reports Hazardous materials Oil, gasoline, grease Rigorous program of procedures to Contractor and and waste manage and store all waste from EMC monitoring construction camps and sites reports practiced. Public and worker Frequency of injuries Adherence to occupational health and Contractor reports safety safety regulations25 Traffic Frequency of Disruptions, stoppages, or detours are Public input, disruptions and blocked managed to absolute minimum. contractor reports, roadways EMC reports Operation Phase of Transmission Lines and Substations Worker and Public Frequency of accidents No increase in pre-construction EA Safety and spills frequency Electromagnetic field EMF EMF levels are below ICNIRP and EMF meter NEQEG exposure limits: readings Frequency Electric Magnetic field field (V/m) (µT) 50Hz 5000 100 60Hz 4150 83

24 Contractor Environmental Management Plan developed from EMP in contractor bidding document 25 OSH Guidelines provided by IFC EHS (2007)

H. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

212. The estimated marginal costs for implementing the EMP will need to be validated at detailed design phase. The EMP costs are primarily for environmental monitoring because the costs for implementing impact mitigation measures are included with the construction costs in contractor bid documents. The environmental costs in Table 23 are for field sampling and laboratory analyses which include professional per diems of technicians.

Table 23: Estimated costs for Environmental Monitoring Plan of EMP

Project Phase Activity Type Estimated Cost Source of (USD) Fund 230KV TRANSMISSION LINES Pre-Construction Phase • updating of survey of sensitive PIC No marginal cost receptors • survey of affected structures with PIC YCDC, Myanmar Railway and No marginal cost other agencies • baseline air quality at 4 stations $2,000 PIC • baseline noise levels at 4 stations $100 PIC • baseline water quality at 2 river PIC $1,000 stations • training of PIU/EA/IE on $2,000 PIC environment safeguards26 Construction Phase • air quality at 4 stations $4,000 PIC (estimated 2 yrs) • noise levels at 4 stations $400 PIC • water quality at 2 river stations $2,000 PIC • public consultation $1,000 PIC • EMF meter (2 units) $2,000 PIC Operation Phase • EMF and safety clearance No marginal cost PIU/MOEE monitoring

Sub-Total (230kV transmission lines) $14,500.00

26 Training participants includes PIU of transmission lines and substations.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

213. The evaluation of the power transmission project in Yangon indicates that potential environmental impacts are restricted to the construction phase of the new 230 kV transmission lines and substations. The common construction-related disturbances such as elevated dust and noise levels, traffic disruptions, solid and liquid construction waste, soil erosion and sedimentation of Pazundaung River, and public and worker safety can be managed effectively with standard construction practices.

214. The transmission lines and its connecting substations will be located in southeastern Yangon. The project sites are not located in ecologically sensitive areas. None of the project sites will be located near any buildings and structures that form the Yangon City Heritage List.

215. The MOEE/DPTSC evaluated several options to adopt suitable engineering design, site location and line alignment that avoids social impacts without compromising the technical viability of the project. Consultations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews with national level government, townships, villages, non-government organizations, and households and communities were organized and conducted to gather views of the stakeholders about the project and to identify measures to be undertaken in the next phases of project implementation.

216. The IEE concludes that the revised alignment of the transmission line and the design of project, combined with available information on the affected environment is sufficient to identify the scope of potential environmental impacts of the project. Provided that significant changes do not occur to the final design of one or more of the project components, and that affected sensitive environmental or social receptors are not subsequently discovered, the project retains the Category B status for environment.

217. If there are changes to the project locations and scope which would significantly affect the outcome of the project, the updated IEE and EMP will be reviewed again to check whether additional mitigation plans and corrective action plans are necessary to meet the final detailed designs of the 230 kV lines. During the implementation of the project, semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by MOEE to ADB to validate implementation of the measures outlined in the EMP. A template of the environmental monitoring report is provided in this IEE.

REFERENCES

ADB, 2003, Environmental Assessment Guidelines of the Asian Development Bank.

ADB, 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement, ADB Policy Paper.

ADB, 2012, Environmental Safeguards, A Good Practice Sourcebook, Draft

Anil Terway. Building Institutional Capacity of Ministry of Electric Power. Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Myanmar: Capacity Development and Institutional Report. Project Number 46254. August 2013

Annex 1-Categorization of Economic Activities for Assessment Purposes. Myanmar EIA Procedure (2015)

Cho Cho Thin Kyi and Theigyi Ye Myint. Water Quality Assessment along Lower Hlaing River. Reginal Conference Civil Engineering. Indonesia. http:// iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jps/article/download/3256/2542

Country Profile. Health in Myanmar. 2013

Department of Meteorology and Hydrology. Hazard Profile of Myanmar. July 2009 http://www.myanmartourism.org/FactsaboutMyanmar/index.htm

IFC World Bank. Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines. 2007.

Initial Environmental Examination. MYA: Power Transmission Improvement Project. March 2015

Instituto Oikos and BANCA. Myanmar Protected Areas. 2011

JICA, April 2013. Strategic Development Master Plan for Yangon.

JICA. EIA Report on Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project. 2016

National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines (NEQEG) 2015.

Nippon Koei. Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon. 2013.

R. Lee Hadden. The Geology of Burma (Myanmar): An Annotated Bibliography of Burma’s Geology, Geography and Earth Science. Topographic Engineering Center. September 2008

Yin Myo Min Htwe, Shen Wenbin. Seismic Hazard Maps of Yangon and its Surrounding Areas. Geo-spatial Information Science (13(3):230-234. September 2010

APPENDIX B: DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS HELD IN 2014

Summary of Issues Raised during Key Information Interviews in 2014 Agency/ Date of Persons Consulted Issues Raised Response of Project Office Meeting

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) (formerly MOECAF) U Hla Maung Thein – Deputy • EIA procedures are still in the draft stage but the EIA process is IEE/EMP have been prepared Director General already being implemented based on the Environment in view of current EIA U San Oo – Director, Policy Conservation Law and the Investment Law. The 230 kV procedures and rules MONREC, April 30, Department transmission lines require an IEE based on current version of the Naypyitaw 2014 U Than Aye – Director, Policy draft EIA Procedures. Community consultations on the Department • Community consultations need to be conducted particularly for project components were Daw Ni Ni Aung – Director, the proposed project in Yangon to make the people aware of the conducted, and documented herein Pollution Control Department project. . MONREC, October U Myo Lwin – Director, • The 6th edition of the draft EIA Procedures and 4th edition of the As above Yangon 28, 2014 Environmental Conservation scoping requirements are now being followed by MONREC in Department determining the EIA requirements for projects. At the moment, U Khin Maung Te – Assistant only some minor revisions on the chapter on fines and penalties Director are being deliberated on the draft procedures. MONREC IEE/EIA screening • Based on the Checklist of Requirements of the draft EIA criteria reported in IEE Procedures (6th edition), the following are the requirements: o 230 kV transmission lines < 50km need an IEE while those ≥ 50km need an EIA. ADB screening identifies o 230 kV substations requiring an area <10 ha need an requirement for an IEE for all IEE while those ≥ 10 ha need an EIA. project components. A single • The Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan TL can be combined as an IEE IEE will be prepared for the 230 while the South Okkalapa Substation will be a separate IEE. The kV transmission lines and two West University Substation which covers an area more than 10ha substations in order to will need an EIA. These requirements will be further defined consolidate the project

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Agency/ Date of Persons Consulted Issues Raised Response of Project Office Meeting when MOEE submits a proposal with the profile of the 3rd party components in IEE, and to EIA preparer to MONREC in Naypyitaw. The proposal will be prevent information redundancy. evaluated by the Environmental Conservation Department in However, separate EMPs will be Naypyitaw to determine the requirements. MOEE will then prepared for: 1) the 230 kV submit the EIA/IEE for review. The Screening Committee can lines; and 2) for the two ask for amendments or additional information on the report. substations to assist anticipated • On public consultation, at least 2 meetings should be held. The contractor work packages 1st meeting will be during the initial stage to disseminate the including preparation of the project to stakeholders while the 2nd meeting will be after the contractor environmental preparation of the EIA/IEE whereby the potential impacts and management plans (CEMP) proposed mitigation measures will be presented. A summary EIA from the EMPs. in Burmese language is provided during the 2nd public consultation and also provided to township GAOs and MONREC Yangon. The ADB national consultant in • A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is not formally outlined consultation with the in the draft EIA Procedures but should be integrated into the international consultant will EMP. provide advice to MOEE/DPTSC • Once an ECC has been issued to the project, MONREC Yangon as needed with their will monitor the project implementation. responsibilities with the EIA procedures of Myanmar including:

i. their submissions of MOEE/DPTSC to MONREC ii. additional public consultation iii. translation of technical terminology iv. advice on Grievance Redress Mechanism requirements

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Agency/ Date of Persons Consulted Issues Raised Response of Project Office Meeting

Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) • The existing underground transmission line cable and other Project component excluded. underground utilities are along Strand Road27. See footnote 30. Dept of U Tin Maung Kyi – Head • Installation of underground cable may be risky. Underground cable will not be Engineering May 9, • The YCDC-Department of Engineering Roads and Bridges needs used. (Roads and 2014 to be informed of the exact location of towers of the 230kV The EMP for 230 kV lines Bridges) transmission line. specifies need for close coordination between MOEE and YESC and YCDC. City Planning • The master plan of Yangon City was provided which contains Yangon Master Plan was used and Land May 9, information about the environmental conditions, sewer/drainage, extensively in the project design Administration 2014 Dr. Tow Aung – Deputy Head water supply, among other in Yangon City. and for IEE. Department • Water supply pipelines may be affected if built along major roads. The location of all below and U Myo Thein – Assistant Chief • Water supply in Yangon may be affected because power above ground utility conduits is Water and May 9, Engineer interruption may happen during construction. This concern explicit in the project design, Sanitation Dept 2014 should be considered in the project design. and is further identified as a potential impact area of project in IEE. Local YCDC Offices

YCDC • There are poles that are located close to the road. There is not Oct. 27, enough clearance between poles and buildings particularly at T- Thingungyun 2014 25 to T-35. Township

27 The former alignment which includes proposed underground cables along Strand Road were discussed during the meeting. This section of the transmission line has been removed by MOEE from the project.

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Agency/ Date of Persons Consulted Issues Raised Response of Project Office Meeting • Future plans of property owners to construct buildings more than These issues, and potential 2-storeys high along the road will be restricted. impacts are carried forward and U Yi Htun – Executive Officer • It is better, safer and less costly if the lines traverse open space addressed in the IEE, and in the U Zaw Min Htuu – Assistant or playground areas. EMPs for the new 230 kV lines, Executive Officer • At the center island of Waizayandar Road is a recently installed and new substations. 36” water supply pipeline which is about 3 – 4 ft below ground level. The road is also newly rehabilitated. The alignment can be placed on the right side of the road. • The trees at the center island of Waizayandar Road are regularly trimmed and maintained by YCDC township offices. If there are trees that will be affected, MOEE/DPTSC needs to inform YCDC. • There is no problem if the proposed 230kV Kyaikasan-Thaketa The rationale for following the U Than Oo – Executive Officer TL will follow the existing 66kV line because there is no need to 66 kV ROW where possible has Daw Thandar Aung – Assistant look for new area. always been to benefit from Executive Officer, Water • If the line will pass through East Horse Race Course Road and existing cleared ROW. Department Lay Daung Kan St., there is possibility of causing traffic congestion during construction since this is a heavy traffic area. Many road accidents have also occurred along Lay Daung Kan St. involving poles at the center island. YCDC Tamwe October • There is also an international school in the area where children Township 27, 2014 would cross the street and expose them to hazards of Public and worker safety issues, electrocution. MOEE/DPTSC needs to ensure the safety of the are carried forward and line. addressed in the IEE, and in the • On the expansion of the Kyaikasan substation, there is no EMPs for the new 230 kV lines, concern since this is within the compound of the substation. and new substations. • It is suggested that MOEE/DPTSC should use good quality poles because existing poles already have cracks. • There are water supply lines along Moe Kaung Road which should be avoided during construction.

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Agency/ Date of Persons Consulted Issues Raised Response of Project Office Meeting • There is a billboard at the corner of East Horse Race Course The loss of all forms of Road and Moe Kaung Road measuring 15 ft x 45 ft. YCDC livelihood revenue is addressed income from the billboard advertisement will be affected. It costs alongside compensation for land 20,000 kyats per sq.ft. for 1 year. lass in separate Compensation/ resettlement Plan • Waizayandar Road is a newly rehabilitated road which was only Utility damage issues are completed about 8 months ago along with the installation of the carried forward and addressed water pipeline at the center island. On both sides of the road are in the IEE, and in the EMPs for open concrete drainage culverts (with some covered portions). the new 230 kV lines, and new • During the proposal stage, MOEE/DPTSC should work with the substations. U Myint Swe Oo – Executive Road and Bridge Department, Water Supply and Sanitation YCDC South Officer Required agency relationships October Department of YCDC. Okkalapa U Aye Kaw Assistant indicated above. 28, 2014 – • MOEE/DPTSC should also consider the plans of owners who are Township Executive Officer planning to extend existing one-storey buildings along the road. Protection of interests of affected landowners and responsibilities of MOEE/DPTSC are addressed Compensation/ resettlement Plan • The project should ensure safety of people. Safety clearance of the existing 66kV line is not being met and there have been Public and worker safety issues, reported accidents like electrocution resulting to death. Last year are carried forward and YCDC Thaketa October U Thein Kywel Htay – Assistant a victim died while climbing a tree that is already touching the addressed in the IEE, and in the Township 28, 2014 Executive Officer 66kV line. Safety clearance should be ensured for the 230kV EMPs for the new 230 kV lines, line. and new substations. • The project should avoid plants that have been planted by the Garden Department of YCDC.

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Agency/ Date of Persons Consulted Issues Raised Response of Project Office Meeting • All roads traversed by the alignment within Thaketa township are A tree and vegetation already widened but in other areas future plans for road widening restoration plan is included in should be considered by MOEE/DPTSC. EMPs • There are drainage outlets to the river which should be avoided. The MOEE/DPTSCshould coordinate with the River Training Potential damage to wastewater Department of the Ministry of Transport. and stormwater drains, and • There is a fuel line along Shukinthar Myo Pat Road from Thaketa receiving creeks are addressed to Thida SS, which is managed by the Ministry of Gas and by IEE and EMPs Energy that should be avoided, by the transmission line. Fuel line protection along Shukinthar Myo Pat Road, and other project areas is included with urban utility conduit protection measures in IEE and EMPs. • MOEE/DPTSC needs to work closely with the water, road and bridge and sanitation departments of YCDC. As much as possible, the project should not cause impact on existing drainage, water supply and roads. • on the other side of Moe Kaung Road There is a 6” water pipeline These potential issues and and near the railway station that will be avoided by the alignment. YCDC Yankin October U Myat Kyaw – Executive impacts were identified by other • For trees that will be cut, MOEE/DPTSC needs to coordinate with Township 29, 2014 Officer agencies, and are addressed as the YCDC Garden and Playground Department. indicated above. • In general, the proposed project is good but it should minimize its impact to the community and existing structures. The new MOEE/DPTSC route is much better because it selected areas with wider space than the former alignment along the existing 66kV line.

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Agency/ Date of Persons Consulted Issues Raised Response of Project Office Meeting • MOEE/DPTSC needs to work closely with other ministries and departments particularly the Ministry of Information because of The Ministry of information will the presence of the radio transmission tower near the site of the be closely consulted throughout proposed South Okkalapa substation. the implementation f he project. • In the area near South Okkalapa substation, there are no houses that could be affected. There are also no water supply network or drainage lines on the side of the proposed project area. Required permits from YCDC YCDC and other urban management October U Aye Thaung Executive • If soil will be backfilled at the substation site, MOEE/DPTSC has Mayangone – agencies will be obtained. 31, 2014 Officer to observe the following procedures: Township o MOEE/DPTSC has to submit the proposal to the Department of Road and Bridge of YCDC in order to get The EMPs for the project permission for construction vehicles and delivery trucks components have mitigation to access the roads. The letter should also include the sub-plans for managing routes to be traversed by the trucks. excavation, works, o YCDC should not allow spilling of soil on the existing transportation, and soil roads and causing dirt on roads. Should this occur, the management according to MOEE/DPTSC or the contractor will be charged. MOEE/DPTSC requirements. Ministry of Transport • The DWIR implements channel improvement of waterways by virtue of the Conservation of Water Resources and Rivers Law. Directorate of The procedures have been issued on 22 January 2013. Under This directive of the DWIR Water the law, any agency or organization are required to get clearance applies directly to the crossings Resources October from the Ministry of Transportation for a project affecting water of the 230 kV lines Pazundaung Improvement U Sein Tun - Director 29, 2014 resources. creek, and the noted potential of River • The proposed installation of TL poles along riverbanks should impacts of the 230 kV lines Systems which are also presented in (DWIR) ensure that it will not destroy navigation channel and that it will not destroy any river channel improvements like revetments and IEE. dikes without prior approval of the Ministry through the DWIR.

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Summary of Issues Raised During Preliminary Public Consultations Date/Place of Meeting Stakeholder Comment Response of MOEE/DPTSC May 30, 2014 U Saw Win Maung, The existing lines in Yangon are already overloaded. The decision Noted YESC Conference Room, YESC of MOEE/DPTSC to extend the Thida substation is principally to Yangon supply power for Yangon downtown area. The towers should be kept as high as possible. Pile driving should be done first before the monopoles are put in place. Although MOEE/DPTSC is the project implementing agency, the Noted beneficiary of the project is the Yangon area, therefore, YESC is also involved. There are areas where safety clearance is not being met because of houses and other structures. The townships should be informed first about the importance of the safety clearance. This public consultation is being conducted to inform the township of safety clearance problems when the project is implemented. YESC The YESC has no previous experience on EIA and SIA. One of the Noted technical solutions is to use the existing route for the new 230kV transmission line. The design of the project should consider the wind load since this will be higher than the existing lines. YESC YESC requests MOEE/DPTSC to coordinate with them in all steps of the project. YESC When the existing lines were installed, there was not have much issue on agriculture or settlements area. The 66kV line was implemented about 30 – 40 years ago. After the line was built, houses and structures began to be built near the 66kV line. If the 230kV line will be installed, this will be more dangerous for houses. Therefore, some houses will have to be removed.

In the past, YESC tried to remove the houses by submitting a letter to the authorities but no action was done. Houses like brick houses are difficult to remove in the area.

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Date/Place of Meeting Stakeholder Comment Response of MOEE/DPTSC

For sure there will be many complaints from affected households. MOEE/DPTSC should deal and coordinate with the townships at every stage of the project. YCDC The area near the Thida substation is very crowded and has many Noted houses. Some towers are close to the bridge. YCDC Along Strand Road, there is underground sewerage and drainage MOEE/DPTSC will refer to map of the utilities system. This should be considered in the design of the towers. from YCDC. YCDC At the center island of Ahlone between two existing roads are MOEE/DPTSC will avoid the drainage area. drainage and many cables. The area of Ahlone substation also experiences flooded.

When YCDC conducts declogging of drainage lines, they are faced with danger because of the presence of cables and clogged canals. YESC MOEE/DPTSC should study every pole position. MOEE/DPTSC Noted should also conduct the detailed survey and discuss this with the communities. YCDC All engineers and survey group need to survey the alignment together with YCDC land use and housing department. If faced with difficulties on resettlement of structures, the MOEE/DPTSC and the YCDC should coordinate and work out feasible solutions. YESC The Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) from the technical There should be closer link between Fitchner assistance and during implementation should be utilized by the group, the local townships and YCDC to factor project since they have limited experience with 230kV underground in concerns of the townships in the design of line. the 230kV transmission line. YESC In Yangon, there are many informal settlers. MOEE/DPTSC needs Noted to work closely with YESC regarding this. In Thaketa, there are houses along the line. If the line is to be upgraded to 230kV, the houses should be removed.

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Date/Place of Meeting Stakeholder Comment Response of MOEE/DPTSC There are health and safety concerns of the community and public. Followup meeting should be conducted after MOEE/DPTSC knows the exact alignment and location of towers. MONREC There are no major environmental impacts of the project except for Noted potential electromagnetic field (EMF) and electric shocks. The project needs to refer to applicable guidelines of ADB and other international guidelines to address this problem.

Summary of issues identified during public consultations Stakeholder Comment Response of MOEE/DPTSC and project

Public Consultation held on 30 May 2014 The existing lines in Yangon are already overloaded. The decision of MOEE/DPTSC to extend the Thida substation is principally to supply power for Yangon downtown area. Although MOEE/DPTSC is the MOEE/DPTSC will consider the suggestions. project implementing agency, the beneficiary of the project is the U Saw Win Maung, YESC Yangon area, therefore, YESC also needs to be involved. There are areas where safety clearance is not being met because of MOEE/DPTSC will continue to coordinate with YESC and inform existing houses and other structures. With this, the towers should be affected townships about the project and the safety clearance kept as high as possible. The townships should be informed first about requirements. the importance of the safety clearance. One of the technical solutions is to use the existing route for the new The technical proposal is still on going. There will be no change in 230kV transmission line. The design of the project should consider the line route as 230 kV line is going to follow the 66 kV existing towers. wind load since this will be higher than the existing lines. It is difficult to reuse the existing towers, therefore, new poles or towers U Toe Aung, YESC will be necessary. As the new transmission line is above the ground, there will be construction issues on the street and land acquisition. MOEE/DPTSC will continue to coordinate with YESC. YESC requests MOEE/DPTSC to coordinate with them in all steps of the project.

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Stakeholder Comment Response of MOEE/DPTSC and project There are health and safety concerns if the 230kV line will be installed along the existing 66kV alignment because of presence of houses. MOEE/DPTSC will coordinate with the various departments and Some houses will have to be removed and there might be complaints U Yan Aung Lin, YESC offices responsible for housing and utilities, including local offices of from affected households. Ministry of Labour. MOEE/DPTSC should work together with different departments and ministries. Along Strand Road, there is an underground sewerage and drainage MOEE/DPTSC will obtain and consult all maps of city utilities from system. There will be no problem if the pile driving is 5 ft below. U Aung Lwin Myo, YCDC YCDC. (However, the TL segment from Ahlone to Thida substations It is necessary for MOEE/DPTSC to conduct the detail survey in each has been removed from the project.) township because some houses might be affected. At the center island of Ahlone between two existing roads are drainage General Administrative lines and many cables. The area of Ahlone substation also experiences Department, Ahlone flooded. When YCDC conducts declogging of drainage lines, they are Ahlone substation and 230 kV line excluded from project scope Township faced with danger because of the presence of cables and clogged canals. U Soe Min Aung, General All engineers and survey groups need to survey the alignment together Administrative with YCDC Land Use and Housing Department. If faced with difficulties MOEE/DPTSC will study every pole position and discuss this with the Department, Botahtaung on resettlement of structures, the MOEE/DPTSC and the YCDC should affected communities. Township coordinate and work out feasible solutions. The Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) during implementation By design there will be a close relationship between PIC, YESC, U Yan Lin Aung, YESC should be utilized extensively by the project because MOEE/DPTSC YCDC, and the local townships during detailed design phase and and YESC have limited experience with 230 kV underground lines. later during implementation of the 230 kV transmission line. U Khin Maung Kyi, According to the EIA law, transmission line over 100 kV needs to MOEE/DPTSC will comply with the required laws, e.g., MONREC Yangon undertake an EIA. There are no major environmental impacts of the Environmental Conservation Law and Electricity Law, and will project except for potential electromagnetic field (EMF) and electric coordinate closely with MONREC, and will be assisted by the PPTA shocks. The project needs to refer to applicable international and PIC. Negative health effects of EMF are inconclusive (Appendix guidelines to address these impacts. E). Public Consultation held on 02 October 2014

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Stakeholder Comment Response of MOEE/DPTSC and project

The GAOs provided comments on the new alignment during the detailed presentation. Move the transmission line at Towers 15 16 a little further to the east GAOs – PIC and MOEE/DPTSC will consider in detailed designs because there is a wastewater/drainage outlet to the river. Negotiate with the Ministry of Transport regarding the use of land for MOEE/DPTSC will coordinate with MOT with assistance from PPTA GAOs Towers 15-16. and PIC. At Towers 26 and 27, MOEE/DPTSC needs to coordinate with the MOEE/DPTSC will coordinate with the railway Department with GAOs Railway Department assistance from PPTA and PIC. At the entrance to Thaketa substation, MOEE/DPTSC needs to MOEE/DPTSC will coordinate with the YCDC to manage optimally GAOs coordinate with YCDC because of informal settlers. informal settlers in affected areas. At the junction of Thuwunna Road and Pyitharyar Road is a congested MOEE/DPTSC will be informed of this issue. MOEE/DPTSC Survey GAOs area with tall buildings. The alignment should avoid this congested Engineer will check the area to determine optimal solution. area.

Results of public consultation held on 07 November 2014

Stakeholder Comment Project Response Awareness of environmental issues and required environmental Ei May Khine, management of the new 230 kV transmission lines and Okkalapa and Environmental & There is a lack of awareness of the public on environmental management, West University substations are addressed initially with the formal public Economic thus, programs to increase awareness should be developed. and stakeholder consultations of the project, and then later as part of the Research capacity development and training of responsible parties for the Institute environmental management of the project. a) During the construction period, health issues and social conflict a) The EMPs for the project (chapters X and XI) prescribe specific Phyu Phyu resolution should be considered. Proper toilets and regular medical mitigation measures for the management of the health of worker force and Shein, Myanmar checkup of workers should be provided since workers at temporary waste management in worker camps. Environment construction sites are possible carriers of diseases. b) The EMP specifies required training and protective equipment for Institute b) Personal protective equipment including training on its use should be workers as part of the occupational worker safety for the project. provided to workers.

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c) The feasibility study of the project includes assessment of the suitability of all selected lands for substation and transmission line development. a) Negative impacts of electromagnetic field should be considered a) Health effects of EMF have not been proven by international medical Phyu Thant, because the proposed lines are close to residential areas. community (Appendix E). Myanmar Youth b) Prepare a traffic management plan to consider high traffic volumes at b) The EMPs for the project (chapter X and XI) prescribe traffic Entrepreneur certain days. management during the construction and operation of the new 230 kV Association c) Select areas with enough space for the construction materials to avoid transmission lines, and substations. traffic. c) As part of b) a) The public consultation and disclosure process by design will continue a) Public consultations and information disclosure should continue. to end of project implementation. b) There is high risk of riverbank erosion when constructing towers near b) Prevention of erosion and sedimentation of Pazundaung creek from the river. Emergency response plan should also be implemented to avoid installation of tower foundations is explicit in the EMPs of project (chapter Dr. Kyaw Swar riverbank erosion and potential damage of poles/towers and the X and XI). Protection of tower foundations from erosion is built into the Tint, Yangon transmission line. design of the towers installations. Technology c) Alignment should select the least impact route. c) The primary criterion of the transmission alignments is minimal social University d) Future city development issues should be considered when selecting and environmental impact.

the best route. d) The Yangon Development Master Plan was part of the rationale and e) The project should follow MONREC’s procedures and other relevant design of the transmission lines. policies aside from the ADB guidelines. e) The project will and must follow MONREC regulations and guidelines.

Si Thu Aung, a) Provide safety barriers, signs and fences during construction to avoid a) Construction site worker and public safety measures are explicit in the Myanmar accidents. EMP for the project (chapter X). Engineering b) Assignment of a safety officer for all construction sites will be a b) Assign safety officers at the construction sites. Society requirement of selected contractors for the project.

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APPENDIX C: DOCUMENTATION OF FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSIONS

A. Meeting at Moe Kaung Sasana Edifice, Yankin Township, Yangon Region Date: 12 March 2018 (Monday) Time: 3:00 – 4:45 pm Presentors: U Thurein Lin – Assistant Engineer, DPTSC Swe Swe Oo – National Social and Resettlement Specialist, Consultant Hnin Hnin Aye – National Environment Specialist, Consultant

Issues and Concerns Responses U Aung Win U Thurein Lin, DPTSC (100-house Elder) What is the distance between each The distance is 700 feet. monopole? How depth is the foundation of a monopole? It is 12 ft How much area does it take for a monopole? We will construct circular monopoles and bury them underground. The visible length is 700 feet.

U Tay Za Linn(Township YCDC) The substation will ring alarm automatically If there any fault between monopoles, from if there is any fault. Nothing can be done where the circuit breaker be off? until the fault is fixed. If the substation has faults, it will be shut down.

U Win Min Htike(Township Elder) There will be two 125 kV transformers so If the 66kV is replaced by 23kV, how much there will be much more electricity. electricity do we get more? How much Transformers can be linked to 230kV if Transformers can be linked to the there is space. substation? U Thein Zaw(Yangon Region Hluttaw Project will be begun after surveys. We representative) hope it will start at the end of 2018. If the When will the project implementation begin? construction is funded, it will take 2 years. How long will the construction finish?

U Soe Htay(Township leader of YCDC) Coordination with YCDC will continue. We YCDC has projects on the roads where discussed with Mr. Toe Aung. monopoles will be planted, so YCDC should be informed in advance before project implementation begin.

U Win Min Htike (Township Elder) Local companies can be take part in bid if Is the bid of construction for foreign they are qualified. companies only or can native companies be take part in it?

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Public Consultation Photo – Yankin Township

B. Meeting at Htan Ta Pin GAD Hall, Htan Ta Pin Township, Yangon Region Date: 13 March 2018 (Tuesday) Time: 10:oo – 11:20 am Presentors: U Thurein Lin – Assistant Engineer, DPTSC Swe Swe Oo – National Social and Resettlement Specialist, Consultant Hnin Hnin Aye – National Environment Specialist, Consultant

Issues and Concerns Responses U Mya Thaung(Pauk Tan Village Elder) U Thurein Lin If the transmission line be built on the village (Assistant Engineer) road, the road is a self-help so I’m afraid the The road will be upgraded before road is not strong enough for construction. construction. The archway will be removed.If construction vehicles are not fit in it. It will be rebuilt after the construction. Daw Sann Sann Myint (Pauk Tan Village) Noted Gave a speech of thanks to ADB and MOEE. U Sein Minn (10-house elder) This is duly noted when project is executed. Is there any precaution for fire if there is fire because of the substation or transmission line?

U Htun Linn Naing (Deik Kone Village) U Thurein Lin Is this substation you are talking about is the (Assistant Engineer) same substation from Hlaing Tharyar?From The substation we are talking about is not the where the transmission line comes from? Is same substation from Hlaing Tharyar. The it from Hlaing Tharyar? Will the transmission transmission line is coming from Phayar Gyi. line construction be in both Pauk Tann and The transmission line will only be constructed Deik Kone? in Pauk Tann.

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Issues and Concerns Responses U Myint Htway Win (AE) Swe Swe Oo(National Social and Is there a plan to distribute pamphlet about Resettlement Specialist) the project to the public? If not I recommend It is duly noted since we will execute.Thank it. you.

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Public Consultation Photo – Htan Ta Pin Township

C. Meeting at Mayangone GAD Office, Mayangone Township, Yangon Region Date: 16 March 2018 (Friday) Time: 2:30 – 4:00 pm Presentors: U Thurein Lin – Assistant Engineer, DPTSC Swe Swe Oo – National Social and Resettlement Specialist, Consultant Hnin Hnin Aye – National Environment Specialist, Consultant

Issues and Concerns Responses When will the project implementation begin? U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) Is the bidding already started? How far is the If possible, the project will start in next fiscal distance between main line and substation? year. Bidding is not yet done. It’s about 10 miles far.

Hluttaw Representative’s suggestion U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) Should explain thoroughly to people between Thank you for your suggestions. main line and substation.If the substation will be built first, you should make survey with houses where the transmission line will pass so you can negotiate with affected houses for compensation. Care not to be close with road when constructing monopoles Traffic Police U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) Will you bury part of monopole? It will be constructed on the ground. Hluttaw Representative U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) What much area does it take for the base of 3 feet high with the diameter of 9 feet, they monopole? are 700 feet apart.

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Issues and Concerns Responses How much is the budget for substation? The ADB loan for 3 substations and 2 transmission lines is US$ 80 millions. We have not calculated for each construction.

Participants List

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Public Consultation Photo – Mayangone Township

D. Meeting at Tamwe GAD Office, Tamwe Township, Yangon Region Date: 16 March 2018 (Friday) Time: 10:00 – 11:30 am Presentors: U Thurein Lin – Assistant Engineer, DPTSC Swe Swe Oo – National Social and Resettlement Specialist, Consultant Hnin Hnin Aye – National Environment Specialist, Consultant

Issues and Concerns Responses U Phay Thwin U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) How much area may be affected by electrical The diameter of 12 meter (total)/ 6m left/right danger? from the center may be affected by electrical danger. U Hla Bhone Kyaw U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) There has been a lot of fire in Yankin. Is there There will be two meter space between each any chance two transmission lines overlap transmission line so they will not overlap. and cause electric shock? U Soe Moe U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) How will you construct over flyovers? We will construct over them with special towers. Daw Aye Kay Khine U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) Will the transmission lines pass through No, they will not. houses in Tamwe? Township administrator U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) When will the survey begin? It will start after the analysis.

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Public Consultation Photo – Tamwe Township

E. Meeting at Thaketa GAD Office, Thaketa Township, Yangon Region Date: 16 March 2018 (Friday) Time: 10:00 – 11:30 am Presentors: U Kyaw Kyaw Thet – Assistant Officer, DPTSC Swe Swe Oo – National Social and Resettlement Specialist, Consultant Hnin Hnin Aye – National Environment Specialist, Consultant

Issues and Concerns Responses U Kyaw Naing (6 East ward Leader) U Kyaw Kyaw Thet(Assistant Officer) Where will monopoles be placed? They will be placed along Ayeyarwon road, they will pass a lot of wards. U Nyi Nyi Win (4 south ward Leader) U Kyaw Kyaw Thet (Assistant Officer) There is a transmission line in Water Boom. We can’t tell it for sure.But we will analyze Will you use it again? thoroughly if we were to use it again. U Win Kyaing (DaYanMyay Ward Leader) Swe Swe Oo (National Resettlement You said the shops which will be under the Specialist) transmission line will have compensations Thanks for your suggestion. and negotiation. We appreciate for that. Public do not like those shops being there. It’s better if you help moving and give compensation. U Aung Myo Thu(7 East Ward Leader) U Kyaw Kyaw Thet(Assistant Officer) As you seen in the picture, it would be not There is a 3 (or) 4 years preservation of trees. easy if you cut down trees. We talked to If the trees grew back.

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MOEE and they said transmission line cannot be blocked.

U Nyi Nyi Win(4 south ward Leader) YCDC and MOEE will come back and cut They cut down the tree while they are them again. They will notify when the constructing former transmission line. But electricity will off and trees from which place the trees grew back within 3 or 4 years. Who will be cut. will cut them now? U Nyi Nyi Win(4 south ward Leader) Swe Swe Oo (National Resettlement The transmission line will pass 8, 7, 5, 6, 1 Specialist) wards along Ayeyarawon road. Yes,we will Inform first to township GAD If you want to go to wards, let us know. You Administrator.Thanks. can’t just go by yourself, do as you wish and ask for our help. Inform us first.

Participants List – Thaketa Township

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Public Consultation Photos – Thaketa Township

F. Meeting at Botahtaung GAD Office, Botahtaung Township, Yangon Region Date: 19 March 2018 (Monday) Time: 1:00-2:30pm Presentors: U Thurein Lin – Assistant Engineer, DPTSC Swe Swe Oo – National Social and Resettlement Specialist, Consultant Hnin Hnin Aye – National Environment Specialist, Consultant

Comment/Issue Response U Thet Tun Win (Hluttaw Representative) Swe Swe Oo(Social and resettlement The two or three storied buildings became Specialist) five or six storied building and the more the That’s a great suggestion. But there has buildings, the more the roads became been misunderstanding, the last time we crowded with cars. Each flat has a car or two, came is for Alone-Thida project which is so our area is very crowded. I suggested not concerned with Alone-Thida, Mawlamyai- to allow more than 6 storey building in 6 Ye-Dewai,Mann-Taung Twingyi project. township which are in middle of the city. Now we are coming again for Thida- MOEE still did not remove the old ones, how Tharkayta-Kyeikkasan project. They are will they build new monopoles? Streets are different projects and loans. not becoming roads because of old electric Adequate safety meausres will be taken posts. The government has plans to build during construction. flyover roads so will the 120 feet high of your monopole will not be a disturbance? I was an engineer. You showed the monopole’s photo which has base width of 21x21 feet and top width 9 feet. The pavement doesn’t even has 9’ feet width. So, how can you do it? This cannot be done. I was a civil engineer, I know what you mean without showing pictures. I mean construct as you wish. But you may heard about the death of vendors when the transmission line dropped on them. The downtown area is always crowded, what if that incident happen here? Finally, the government has to take responsibility if it happen. The last time you came here and collect photos and signatures of ours and I objected your project. Now you come again with Thida-Tharkayta project while concealing Alone-Thida project. Our government doesn’t have enough money to do such project so have to receive the loan from ADB. We cannot pour the money down the drain. Last time you came here, you asked for our suggestions. Do you want me to contact with media and tell what happen if you continue this project? The last time you

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Comment/Issue Response said is about Alone-Thida now you are talking about Thida-Tharkayta. I do not want to argue about linking to Thida substation, when we have enough money, we will move Alone substation and Thida substation to other side of the river. You can take as much land as you can. Just avoid the crowded downtown area. Tharkayta is crowded too. What I am saying is moving the transmission line form the other side of the river. Move substations later if you do not have enough fund. You are doing it in easy way. What will happen when Alone flyover road is built? You cannot even remove ordinary electric poles. I am saying for the good of our country and our people. You report what I said back to higher authority. If you don’t and they didn’t know about it, you will take the responsibility when we talk to media about it. If you report it and they didn’t do anything about it, they have to take the responsibility. I will tell the media thoroughly. I don’t want to argue with you. If you don’t have enough fund for the whole project you can ask for more or stop the project. I heard the Union Minister of MOEE said electricity will run through all over Myanmar by the year 2020. But it doesn’t mean that you have to make the project quick to reach the target. So, you need a plan to execute the project. Bogyoke road will become flyover road too but the old electric posts are not removed yet. It’s not our problem but draft for Thida-Tharkaytha transmission line is going on the road which is crowded with cars. What I suggest is the transmission line came from Htantabin- Hlaingtharyar wil be going from the other side of the river and connected to Alone,Thida,Tharkayta. Move substations to public free area when you have enough money. U Thet Tun Win (Hluttaw Representative) Swe Swe Oo(Social and resettlement I am not aware about the Project Specialist) Last time we came, we were talking about Alone-Thida project which has two proposed line route,Alone-Dala-Thida line route and Ahlone-Thida(Night market) line route. We discussed about it that day. It’s the negotiation between Government and ADB. We are coming here for a different project. U Thet Tun Win (Hluttaw Representative) Daw Hnin Hnin Aye(Environmental Will this project pass our Hluttaw? If it won’t Specialist) come to Hluttaw, I will tell about it. It’s about We will survey the Myanmar Railway. the future. Yangon is crowded, it took 3 hours DPTSC will discuss with them. We will come to get me here and it took 3 hours to get me again if there are changes. to Hluttaw. The construction of 21’ base width monopole is just impossible. It’s dangerous. The railroad is already filled with electric

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Comment/Issue Response posts so the incoming bullet train, which need 4 and half feet can’t run on the railroad. U Thet Tun Win (Hluttaw Representative) Daw Hnin Hnin Aye(Environmental Don’t cover anything next time. Now you are Specialist) talking about Thida-Tharkayta while We will discuss with YCDC. concealing Alone-Thida. There’s no 21’ pavement either. YCDC has a lot of faults. Don’t distract me with YCDC. There is no 21’ pavement. If there’s any, show me. How strong will it be? U Thet Tun Win (Hluttaw Representative) U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) I don’t care whatever you are constructing. I We will construct with monopoles. was an engineer for 35 years I’m a practical man. We have been using designs with errors. They did no good. Will your monopole be all right when flyover road come? U Thet Tun Win (Hluttaw Representative) Swe Swe Oo(Social and resettlement The ministries will approve each other. So, I Specialist) will stand as your opposite. I have witnesses Let me explain you from social point of here with me. It’s not for my own good. If view, before executing project, ADB does you keep executing the project I will face initial surveys. First, explain it to public and with you one way or another. when the project has a cut-off date then there will be a lot of consultations. As you said earlier Alone-Thida project is still processing. Last time we came you said there are underground pipes under Night Markets. We put it in our report and they decided to change the proposed line route and went of Dala proposed line route so we had to go Dala again and made consultation again. Engineers did their best to reduce country’s budget and lessen damage to public. Then we consult with public to know whether there is more or less damage if we execute with the proposed line route. Alone- Thida is still processing, we will come again to consult about it when it is confirmed. This Thida-Tharkayta-Kyeikkasan is executing since 2014.The older proposed line route will do more damage so engineers drew new proposed line route. They didn’t have a lot of space to choose. Our country is crowded as you mentioned but they really didn’t have enough option to pick. If this project is really not going well with public then ADB won’t accept it. We have no authority to decide. ADB will discuss with government via MOEE. The proposed line route from 2014 passed through downtown area so we made another proposed line route which go through government’s land to avoid unnecessary damage to public. U Thet Tun Win (Hluttaw Representative) Swe Swe Oo(Social and resettlement You are talking that you will do it no matter Specialist) what. I don’t want the loan to be a waste. Thanks. We duly noted what you have said. When I was in border community They are different loans. We are coming development, I drew a lot of Lines over hills here for Thida-Tharkayta project. and mountains. Don’t tell me about Lines. I had been all the regions and states for line

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Comment/Issue Response route. If the Lines is not good, then I must Alone-Thida project will be explained to you say the engineer is not good enough. when MOEE accept it. Last time, we came You are concealing Alone-Thida. for Alone-Thida project. Now we are coming for Thida-Tharkayta project. They are not Why are you insisting on planting same, that’s why we don’t mention Alone- monopoles on road when there are a lot of Thida. space on the other side of the river. Don’t make your work easier by saying you are doing it to reduce country’s budget. U Khin Myint(10 Household Leader) Swe Swe Oo(Social and resettlement I understand this project is for the good of Specialist) our country because more electricity boost Thank you for the suggestions. country’s economy. If you were to make this project, you will have to pass the downtown. I’m sure you are doing your best. How can we get 24 hour electricity if the transmission line is so far from us and it would cost more than your plan if the transmission line has to be on the other side of the river. I was here when you came for Alone-Thida project. You said the transmission line go along on the side of wharf, which is excellent idea. Traffic jams are caused by vendors. The government is being soft with the poor. That’s why there are vendors on the road. Undisciplined drivers make traffic jams too. Houses and flyover roads are mixing in other countries. How can we have 24 hour electricity if there is no transmission line near us. Our country can’t make progress if there is not enough electricity. There will be no investment if there is not enough electricity. U Khin Min(Township Administrator) U Thurein Lin(Assistant Engineer) When will the project begin? It will start after surveys, reports and designs. If they show positive sign, I think we will start at 2019. U Aung Htoo(Hluttaw Representative) Noted. It is great you make consultations for public. We haven’t heard anything like it before. We welcome them. JICA funded the electric train project without informing public so they failed and the trains are abandoned in Lannmataw.

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Public Consultation Photos – Botahtaung Township

A. Focus Group Discussions with Shopkeepers Place: Thaketa Township April 4, 2018 10:30 – 11:45am

# Issues Participants’ Opinion, Comments and Suggestions 1 Approximate number of Shops or There are approximately 31 shops and 7 vendors. Vendors etc Journal shops, pork-stick shops and fried vegetable shops have to remove when YCDC check the place. 2 Are you aware about the Project No, we don’t know about the project. 3 What is your opinion about the It’s good project. We will have regular electricity and construction of transmission line our country will develop if we have enough electricity. 4 Will there be Support of local people We will support the project but we won’t agree to and you for the proposed project? remove our shops. It’s ok to close our shops. 5 Any critical issue or concern by the No, we have no worry. local people regarding the project? 6 Any criteria you would like to see The higher the tower, the better. The transmission considered during project design, line should be placed as high as possible. There is construction and operation stage? an accident when a man got electric shock and died. 7 How many years you have been From over 1 years to 25 years. running your shops here 8 Do you Own the Land on which you Some have ownership of the land, some borrow the have built the shops land. 9 What is your working time There’s a tea shop which is open 24 hour. Some open at 8 AM and close at 6 PM but some close at 9 PM. 10 How much do you earn approximately Restaurant-12-25 lakh Tea shop-6 lakh Photo studio-2 lakh Tyre shop-3 lakh Automobile repair shop-3 lakh Automobile sticker shop- 0.7 lakh Automobile spare part shop- 0.4 lakh Alcohol agent (retail) - 10 lakh Alcohol agent (wholesale) – 15 lakh The earning depends on shop. 11 Do you think the Project will affect your The project will affect our income if we have to close daily work and income and livelihood or remove our shops. 12 If yes, what would be the best solution as per you? If we get enough compensation for each day, it would be great.

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# Issues Participants’ Opinion, Comments and Suggestions 13 Do you pay tax to the township for The big shops pay 60,000 kyats for license, 500,000 running the business for signboard tax per year, 300 for garbage tax per month, 20,000 for health care tax and 80,000 kyats for income tax per year. Income tax rate has fallen; we paid 200,000 kyats per year before that. The rate of tax depend on the shop. The shop rental rate differ from 80,000 to 150,000. 14 Will the project cause health and safety We want you to make sure that there is safety when issues in the area. constructing as people are using this road. 15 If your shop or business activities gets If we have to close our shops, we want proper disturbed by the Project during compensation. We don’t want our business to be construction, would you be able bear it disturbed. on your own 16 What would be Perceived benefits from We will have regular electricity. The country will the project develop. The old electric wires are placed on short posts so even 7-ton truck can’t go free. If the project build higher posts, it would be safe. 17 What would be Perceived losses from There will be congestion when the construction the project? begin. It will affect our income. 18 Will there be likely involvement of local People will cooperate and help as much as they can. people in the implementation of the project? 19 Any Other Suggestions or The construction should proceed at night. There Observations? won’t be any congestion and we won’t have to close our shops. It would be fine if you manage to give a worthy compensation.

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS to FGD Name of the Participant Male/ Occupation Female 1 U Khin Maung Aye Male Shop Owner 2 U Nay Myo Aung Male Shop Owner 3 U San Oo Male Shop Owner 4 Daw Myo Sabal Female Shop Owner 5 U Aung Thein Naing Male Shop Owner 6 U Ye Aung Male Shop Owner 7 U Kyaw Win Male Shop Owner 8 U Pyae Phyo Male Shop Owner 9 U Hla Maung Male Shop Owner 10 U Zaw Myint Male Shop Owner 11 U Kyaw Lin Male Shop Owner 12 U Maung Maung Male Shop Owner 13 Daw Khaing Zaw Myat Female Shop Owner 14 Daw Aung Kyi Female Shop Owner 15 Daw Aye Aye Thin Female Shop Owner 16 Daw Kwann Female Shop Owner 17 Daw Soe Soe Khaing Female Shop Owner 18 Daw Khin Tint Female Shop Owner 19 U Khin Maung Lwin Male Shop Owner 20 U Tun Tun Win Male Shop Owner 21 U Kyaw Soe Lwin Male Shop Owner 22 U Tin Maung Aye Male Shop Owner 23 Daw Nilar Myint Female Shop Owner

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B. Focused Group Discussion with Shop Owners along the Pavement and under the Corridor Thida-Thaketa-Kyaikasan

1. Place: 9 Ward April 6, 2018 11:10-11:50am

# Issues Participants’ Opinion, Comments and Suggestions

1 Approximate number of Shops or There are approximately 26 shops Vendors etc including vendors. 2 Are you aware about the Project? We don’t know about the project. 3 What is your opinion about the The transmission line can damage high construction of transmission line buildings. People will be vulnerable from electric shock. Shops and houses along the road will be affected too. 4 Will there be Support of local people and People won’t deny the project since its you for the proposed project? government’s. We don’t want our shops to be affected since we make our living on them. 5 Any critical issue or concern by the local People are worried about the project. people regarding the project? They don’t want to close or relocate their shops. They have regular customers. If they have to relocate and find new customers, it would be great loss for them. 6 Any criteria you would like to see We don’t want posts to be placed near considered during project design, shops and houses. There are space at construction and operation stage? junctions of ward and in front of school so we would like to suggest you to place electric posts there. People should be educated about electric shock and you should make safeguards for people. We suggest you construct at night. 7 How many years you have been running Our shops have been here for about 32 your shops here years. 8 Do you Own the Land on which you have Some own the land where they build their built the shops shops but some don’t. the land was cheap when we bought. Since we have been opened our shops for over 30 years, we don’t know how much is the land worth. The rental rate is vary from 80,000 to 500,000ks. It depends on location and business.

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# Issues Participants’ Opinion, Comments and Suggestions

9 What is your working time Most shops open at 7 AM and close at 10 PM. Some shops open 24 hours like Mahar Yangon Teashop. Some people live at their shop. 10 How much do you earn approximately The income start from 10,000 to 1,000,000ks. 11 DO you think the Project will affect your We do. There will be effects if shops daily work and income and livelihood have to be closed and relocated because of the project. 12 If yes, what would be the best solution as We can’t say since we don’t know how per you? long the project will take. 13 Do you pay tax to the township for We have to pay tax for License, YCDC, running the business Income, Garbage and water. 14 Will the project cause health and safety We don’t know whether the project affect issues in the area. our health. But we do worry about electric shock. 15 If your shop or business activities gets If we have to close our shops for a long disturbed by the Project during period because of the project, our income construction, would you be able bear it on will be affected. your own 16 What would be Perceived benefits from The perceived benefits- Houses will get the project sufficient electricity. Businesses working with electricity will be more efficient so the income will increase too. There will be foreign investments if we have enough electricity. The electricity is essential for our country. 17 What would be Perceived losses from the The perceived losses- effects of the project? project will be closing shops for a long period and relocation of the shops. 18 Will there be likely involvement of local Public will cooperate if the project doesn’t people in the implementation of the affect the income and people don’t have project? to close or remove their shops. 19 Any Other Suggestions or Observations? We don’t have anything left since we have been discussing a lot.

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS – No. 9 Ward, Thaketa No Name of the Participant Relation to the Head of the Occupation Households

1 U Tin Nyut Head of the Households Shop Owner 2 U Hla Kyi Head of the Households Shop Owner 3 U Sein Win Head of the Households Shop Owner 4 U Maung Myint Head of the Households Shop Owner 5 U Myo Zaw Head of the Households Shop Owner 6 U Kyaw Kyaw Head of the Households Shop Owner 7 U Ba Nge Head of the Households Shop Owner 8 U Tun Thein Head of the Households Shop Owner 9 U Kyi Nway Head of the Households Shop Owner 10 U Moe Kyaw Head of the Households Shop Owner 11 Daw Thin Thin Khaing Wife Shop Owner 12 Daw Kyu Kyu Khaing Wife Shop Owner 13 Ma Moe Moe Thu Daughter Shop Owner 14 Daw Mya Mya Ye Wife Shop Owner

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2. Place: No. 1 Ward, Botahtaung Township March 28, 2018 11:40am

# Issues Participants’ Opinion, Comments and Suggestions 1 Approximate number of Shops There are approximately 12 shops along the or Vendors etc pavement. 2 Are you aware about the Some know about the project, some don’t. Project 3 What is your opinion about the The project is good. We don’t have electricity 24 construction of transmission hours a day. We hope this project line will give us 24 hour electricity. 4 Will there be Support of local We are sure the public will help the project. The people and you for the project is beneficial for them. proposed project? 5 Any critical issue or concern by We don’t worry about anything in this project. the local people regarding the project? 6 Any criteria you would like to We don’t have any criteria we like to add. see considered during project design, construction and operation stage? 7 How many years you have From 9 years to 11 years. been running your shops here

8 Do you Own the Land on which We borrowed the land from YCDC and opened you have built the shops shops from it. 9 What is your working time We usually open shops at 7 AM and close at 10:30 PM 10 How much do you earn We earn at most 80,000 and at least 50,000 Ks. approximately 11 DO you think the Project will The project will affect our income if we have to affect your daily work and close our shops. income and livelihood 12 If yes, what would be the best If we get enough compensation for each day, it solution as per you? would be great since we make our living on it. 13 Do you pay tax to the township We have to pay YCDC tax, 3,000 for shop and for running the business 1,500 for garbage. If we built shop in the place prohibited by YCDC and YCDC found out about it, we have to pay fine of 35,000. 14 Will the project cause health As the construction becomes, there will be a lot of and safety issues in the area. dust which will affect our health. We don’t worry much about electric shock. We do worry about construction of monopoles which can collapse on houses and people. We want you to inform beforehand.

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# Issues Participants’ Opinion, Comments and Suggestions 15 If your shop or business We can negotiate about the disturbance of the activities gets disturbed by the construction. Project during construction, would you be able bear it on your own 16 What would be Perceived Yangon will have better electricity. Replacing old benefits from the project posts with new ones will prevent accidents. The city will be delighted. Foreigners will look up to the city. 17 What would be Perceived The construction of new posts, destruction of old losses from the project posts and cutting trees can collapse on houses and people. 18 Will there be likely involvement The public will cooperate as this project is for the of local people in the good of them. implementation of the project? 19 Any Other Suggestions or We like to be informed before you start the Observations project and share knowledge about cautions and what is needed to avoid during the project. It would be great if you give compensation for trees, especially for edible ones. The public will accept if the construction is safe for them.

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Nº Name of the Participant Male/ Relations to the Occupation Female head of the HH 1 U Hla Oo Male Household Head Government Staff 2 U Soe Maung Male Household Head Shop Owner 3 U San Myint Male Household Head Shop Owner 4 U Ko Ko Lay Male Household Head Shop Owner 5 Daw Sein Win Mar Female Household Head Shop Owner 6 Daw May Myat San Female Household Head Shop Owner 7 Daw Nay New Theint Female Wife Shop Owner Zaw 8 Daw Nyo Nyo Myint Female Household Headed Shop Owner

3. Place: No. 4 North Ward, Thaketa Township Date: March 30, 2018 Time: 10:30 – 11:45am

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS – No. 4 Ward

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Relation to Sl. Name of the the Head Occupation No Participant of the Household Ma Cho Cho 1 Wife Seller Aye Ma Swe Swe Dependence 2 Wife Win Daw Kha Kha Dependence 3 Wife Nyein Daw Myat Myat Dependence 4 Wife Moe 5 Ma Nu Yin Win Wife Dependence

4. Place: No. 8 Ward, Thaketa Township Date: April 4, 2018 Time: 11:10 – 12:00nn LIST OF PARTICIPANTS – No. 8 Ward Relation to the Head of the Sl. No Name of the Participant Occupation Households 1 Daw Aung Kyi Wife Shop Owner 2 Daw Aye Aye Thin Wife Shop Owner 3 Daw Kwan Wife Shop Owner 4 Daw Soe Soe Khaing Wife Shop Owner 5 Daw Khin Tint Wife Shop Owner 6 Daw Khaing Zin Myint Wife Shop Owner 7 Daw Myo Sabal Wife Shop Owner 8 Daw Nilar Myint Wife Shop Owner

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APPENDIX D: TEMPLATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

A. PROJECT INFORMATION

Name of Project Myanmar: Power Transmission Improvement Project Loan No. 3330 Executing Agency MOEE Implementing Agency DPTSC Monitoring Period January – June 2018 (month/year) Report No. 1 Date of Report July 1, 2018 Environment B Categorization

B. PROJECT COMPONENTS Project Contractor Date of Started Completed Progress Component Contract Works Works as of Awarded date 1.Transmission Lines 230kV Thida- Thaketa transmission lines 230kV Thaketa- Kyaikasan transmission lines 2. Substations Thaketa substation extension Kyaikasan substation extension (230kV) West University substation South Okkalapa substation

Remarks:

C. INSTITUTIONAL READINESS Item Status (Completed/ Follow-up Completion Ongoing/NA) Required (Y/N) Deadline 1. Environment safeguards unit organized at PIU/DPTSC? 2. PIC mobilized? 3. Civil works contractor mobilized?

Remarks:

D. ENVIRONMENT SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS

1. Loan Agreement

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Loan Condition Status Follow-up Required (a) The MONREC has granted final approval of the Project (sec. 6) (b) The Borrower has incorporated the relevant provisions from the EMP into the Works Contract. (c) The Borrower has prepared and submitted to ADB the RP and the DDRs based on the Project’s detailed design and obtained ADB’s clearance of such RP and DDRs. The Borrower shall ensure that the preparation, design, construction, implementation, operation and decommissioning of the Project and all Project facilities comply with (a) all applicable laws and regulations of the Borrower relating to environment, health and safety; (b) the Environmental Safeguards set out in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement; and (c) all measures and requirements set forth in the IEE, the EMP, and any Report. Make available a budget for all such environmental and social measures (25,b) Provide a written notice of any unanticipated environmental or resettlement risks or impacts that arise during construction, implementation or operation of the project (25, c) Adequately record the condition of roads, agricultural land and other infrastructure prior to start

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of transport materials and construction. Fully reinstate pathways, other local infrastructure, and agricultural land to at least their pre-project condition upon completion of construction. Submit semi-annual safeguards monitoring report to ADB and disclose relevant information from such reports to affected persons Labor standards, health and safety of workers

2. Design and Engineering

Requirement Status Follow-up Completion (Completed/ Required Deadline Ongoing/NA) (Y/N) TRANSMISSION LINES Updated IEE and EMP prepared Updated IEE and EMP submitted to ADB IEE for TL submitted to ECD Final IEE and EMP prepared based on final detailed engineering design Project’s Grievance Redress Mechanism established Project and pole locations disclosed to townships & affected stakeholders Spot survey with YCDC, Myanmar Railway on affected structures Survey of sensitive receptors based on detailed design Coordinate with other relevant agencies (Port Authority, Yangon Naval Command, Ministry of Communication, etc.) Training on EMP and environmental monitoring Baseline environmental monitoring by PIC (ambient air, noise, water quality) Government permits/approvals secured Traffic management plan prepared and approved by YCDC SUBSTATIONS Oil pits at transformer areas provided Materials and waste segregation areas at substation compound provided Training on EMP and environmental monitoring

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Baseline environmental monitoring by PIC (ambient air, noise, water quality)

Remarks:

3. EMP Construction Monitoring Checklist

Safeguard Requirement Status to date Follow-up Required TRANSMISSION LINES Traffic management Soil erosion control measures Dust emission control Solid and hazardous waste management measures Liquid waste management measures Noise management Community health and safety protection measures Worker health and safety protection measures Management of construction camp Government Permits/Clearances secured SUBSTATIONS Borrow pits with permits? Fence provided at substation compound Soil erosion control measures Air pollution control measures Solid and hazardous waste management Noise control Community health and safety protection measures Worker health and safety protection measures Management of construction camp

Remarks:

E. CONCLUSION

F. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

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DETAILS OF PROJECT STATUS (TRANSMISSION LINE)

Contractor Tower code Number of Tower Tower Wire Ward/Township Status towers foundation erection stringing (m)

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