Sydney & Melbourne

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Sydney & Melbourne SYDNEY & MELBOURNE A TALE OF TWO CITIES Australia’s two largest cities have much to celebrate. A historic rivalry is alive and well in research circles, as both capitals strive to attract the best researchers and produce science that makes a difference, writes Annabel McGilvray. S58 | NATURE INDEX 2016 | AUSTRALIA©2 0&16 NEWMac m ZEALANDillan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All ri ghts reserved. AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND | NATURE INDEX CQC2T here has long been a gentle rivalry medical research institutes. Venture as far as between Australia’s largest cities. People 500 metres and you come across eight more, will argue over which has better weather, including a pair of universities and two lead- T bars and restaurants. Scientific superior- ing public hospitals. ity is also a hotly contested debate. It’s a critical mass of research activity that Melbourne has been home to more Nobel helped Australia’s second most populous city Prize winners, but Sydney can lay claim to the generate a significant lead over its northern team that crafted the mirrors that first detected rival in high-quality science output in 2015. In gravitational waves. Melbourne boasts the that year, 83 Melbourne institutions contrib- Australian Synchrotron, but Sydney now has uted to 1,748 publications in the journals that a nanoscience hub. The list goes on. are part of the index. The greatest contribution So what are the differences in their publish- was in chemistry and the life sciences, driven ing records? The Nature Index allows us to largely by the University of Melbourne and measure variations in high-quality natural sci- Monash University. ence output and collaborations, and provides evidence of where Sydney and Melbourne diverge. Melbourne’s research strength is in chemistry and the life sciences. In Sydney, the physical sciences dominate, with the life sci- ences second. Melbourne had more institu- tions publishing high-quality natural science “ONCE YOU HAVE research in 2015: 83, compared to Sydney’s 50. Melbourne also has a greater number of local A CRITICAL collaborations. In fact, the city was ranked as one of the 10 centres around the world with MASS, THEN the most intra-city research partnerships in 2015. However, when Sydney’s research groups YOU HAVE A establish a collaborative link within the city, those partnerships, on average, contribute more to journals in the index than Melbourne’s VIRTUOUS local partnerships. Science doesn’t play favourites; so what are CYCLE.” the reasons behind these differences? MELBOURNE: A VIRTUOUS CYCLE One of the city’s major life science achieve- POPULATION: 4,529,500 ments last year included the long-sought structural analysis of the protein, plasmepsin 2015 WEIGHTED FRACTIONAL COUNT: 304.78 V, which confirmed its role as the gate- keeper that lets the malaria parasite grow RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS IN 2015: 209 inside human red blood cells. The research, published in Nature Structural & Molecu- RESEARCH FUNDING 2011-2014^: AU$1,802m lar Biology, was an all-Melbourne affair, led by researchers at the city’s Walter and Eliza The UNSW Atom and Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Magnetic Laboratory is If you were plotting the biomedical research many of whom have joint appointments at part of the ARC Centre of hub of Australia, you would begin on Royal the University of Melbourne, in collaboration Excellence for Quantum Parade, in the central Melbourne area of with scientists at La Trobe University. Fund- Computation and Parkville. Within a radius of less than 250 ing from the Wellcome Trust is helping the Communication. metres there are three of the country’s leading team develop anti-malarial drugs that target ©2016 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri ngerNATURENature. Al lINDEXri ghts re s2016erved. | AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND | S59 NATURE INDEX | AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND CHEMISTRY STARS plasmepsin V. One of the project leaders, often collaborate. Trapani also says many The top three Melbourne institutions in WEHI’s Justin Boddey, says Melbourne is a Melbourne collaborations are driven by indi- chemistry, measured by WFC, in 2015. hub of world-leading malaria research that has viduals rather than institutions, as in Sydney, built up through decades. which may explain the large number of sepa- Over the years Melbourne has been home rate collaborations in the city. for some of Australia’s science heavyweights However, when considering collaborations, including Nobel Prize winners, MacFarlane increasingly more importance is placed on the Burnet and Peter Doherty. Those two, and need to access the research infrastructure and many others have been centred at WEHI and skills required for particular projects. Monash University the University of Melbourne, says local immu- One recent joint project arose, for example, nologist, Joseph Trapani. “Once you have criti- thanks to WEHI’s great strength in bioin- 43.2 cal mass, then you have a virtuous cycle. It’s formatics — the analysis and interpretation attracting the brightest students and it is also of biological data on a large scale. When bringing back researchers who may be over- Peter Mac researchers wanted to establish seas doing postdocs.” a specific cancer bioinformatics capability, WEHI sits at the centre of what’s widely they approached the WEHI director, Doug known as the ‘Parkville precinct’ and is cred- Hilton, and suggested the organizations ited by many as being the reason the life sci- work together. Peter Mac recruited WEHI’s The University ences are so strong in Melbourne’s research Anthony Papenfuss who now works across of Melbourne landscape. the two institutions, connecting the clinical 29.3 Established in 1915 and, like most of the researchers of Peter Mac to WEHI’s mathe- Parkville institutes, affiliated with the Uni- matical and software expertise, and the com- versity of Melbourne, the WEHI is recognized puting power of its bioinformatics unit. internationally for its work in malaria, cancer, Among the research coming out of this RMIT immunology and increasingly, bioinformat- collaboration has been the analysis of the University ics. Under the leadership of directors such as structure and function of the massive extra 9.6 Burnet, Gustav Nossal, and now Doug Hilton, chromosomes that characterize some rare and host to some of the country’s top medi- cancers, including liposarcomas. cal research infrastructure, it has become a “It’s win–win because they [WEHI] get drawcard for Australia’s best young aspiring access to the clinical data which they crunch medical scientists. informatically, and we get the informatics Trapani is executive director of cancer expertise,” Trapani says. “It has enabled us research at the Peter MacCallum Cancer to generate genomic data and clinical data LEADERS IN LIFE SCIENCES Centre (Peter Mac), which recently relocated and learn how to find the important pearls of The top three Melbourne institutions in the to be within the new Victorian Comprehen- information that you need.” life sciences, measured by WFC, in 2015. sive Cancer Centre (VCCC) and is part of the informal Parkville hub. SYDNEY: A GROWING ECOSYSTEM POPULATION: 4,921.000 The University of Melbourne 2015 WFC: 222.78 32.4 “IT’S WIN–WIN. RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS IN 2015: 64 THEY GET ACCESS RESEARCH FUNDING 2011–2014 ^: $1,288m TO THE DATA An ecosystem is beginning to build around Monash University the physical sciences in Sydney. Charismatic AND WE GET THE discipline leaders run new labs equipped with 28.8 the latest facilities and, beyond campus bor- INFORMATICS ders, the beginnings of what may become a lucrative industry sector is emerging. Astro- physics, photonics and quantum computing Walter & Eliza EXPERTISE.” are now considered among the city’s science Hall Institute of Medical strengths. 0. Research In 2015, Sydney-based research groups contributed to 738 publications related to the physical sciences in the index. Even when He says the geography of Melbourne’s adjusted for the size of the contribution and research community complements the city’s the discipline, it is clear that the greatest science strengths as well as its collabora- amount of high-quality research in the har- WFC is the contribution to journals included in tions. The VCCC building is down the road bour city is being produced by the physical the index by institutions and, by extension, from WEHI — which is also affiliated with sciences. Life sciences research comes in sec- cities and countries. the new centre — and the two institutions ond, followed by chemistry and PAGE S65 S60 | NATURE INDEX 2016 | AUSTRALIA©2 0&16 NEWMac m iZEALANDllan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All ri ghts reserved. AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND | NATURE INDEX Brad Sleebs, Justin Boddey and Tony Hodder from the Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, host to some of STEFAN POSTIES STEFAN the country’s top medical research people and infrastructure. ©2016 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri ngerNATURENature. All INDEXri ghts res 2016erved. | AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND | S61 NATURE INDEX | AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND MELBOURNE: THINK GLOBALLY, ACT LOCALLY The epicentre of science collaborations in Melbourne is the ‘Parkville precinct’ where the city’s heavy-hitters are drawing on the strengths of their neighbours to tackle global challenges. WHAT’S ON THE MAP MONASH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES FC:FC: 7.177.17 Parent: Monash University Lines denote local collaborations on papers included in the CANCER THERAPEUTICS index. Fractional count
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