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Zeitschrift/Journal: Zitteliana - Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Histor. Geologie

Jahr/Year: 1982

Band/Volume: 10

Autor(en)/Author(s): Kakabadze Mikhael V.

Artikel/Article: On the Hauterivian-Barremian correlation between the South of the USSR and certain Southern and Northern regions of Europe 501-508 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 501

Zitteliana 10 501-508 München, 1. Juli 1983 ISSN 0373-9627

On the Hauterivian-Barremian correlation between the South of the USSR and certain Southern and Northern regions of Europe

By M1KHAEL V. KAKABADZE»)

With 2 tables

ABSTRACT

A biostratigraphical characteristic of the Hauterivian-Bar­ USSR, South-Eastern France, Northern Germany, England remian of the South of the USSR is given and the Hauteri­ and the Volga region are discussed. vian-Barremian zonal correlation between the South of the

KURZFASSUNG

Die biostratigraphischen Besonderheiten der Hauterive- dem Süden der USSR, dem Wolgagebiet, Südost-Frankreich, Barreme Abfolgen im Süden der USSR werden vorgestellt. Norddeutschland und England wird diskutiert. Eine Zonen-Korrelation im Hauterive und Barreme zwischen

INTRODUCTION

Zonal correlation of the Lower Cretaceous of the Mediter­ Eastern France and some of Northern European regions ranean and North European areas is problematic and thus an (Northern Germany, England, Volga region) are discussed. investigation of the adjacent areas acquires especial significan­ The detailed historical review of the problem is given in our ce. previous work (Kakabadze, 1981). It must be noted that Existence of Tethyan and Boreal ammonite species in the when characterising the Hauterivian-Barremian zones of the Lower Cretaceous of the Caucasus and Crimea indicates that South of the USSR and their boundaries, besides the authors they belong to the key areas for a successful solving of zonal data, all the main publications were taken into account; correlation problems between the Tethyan and Boreal realms. among them the works of V. P. R enngarten, 1951; M. S. Eristavi, 1951, 1964, N. P. Luppov, 1952, 1956; This problem was elucidated in many works, however V. V. D rushtchitz, 1960, 1962; V. V. D rushtchitz and some questions, including the Hauterivian-Barremian zonal I. A. M ikhailova, 1966; V. V. D rushtchitz and subdivision and correlation, still are in need of perfection. T. N . G orbatchik, 1979; T. A. Mordvilko, 1960, 1962; In this paper the question of the Hauterivian-Barremian V. L. Egoian, 1968; V. L. Egoian and G. A. T katshuk, biostratigraphical subdivision of the South of the USSR and 1965; A. G. Khalilov, 1959. its correlation with the synchronous deposits of the South-

*) M. V. Kakabadze, Geological Institute Akad. Sci. Georgian SSR, Z. Roukhadze str. 1, korp. 9, USSR, 380093 Tbilisi. 502 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

THE HAUTERIVIAN OF THE SOUTH OF THE USSR

The Hauterivian deposits are rich in ammonites in the Cri­ most typical ammonite species of this zone are met in the mea and in the central and western part of the Caucasus, but North Caucasus and Crimea: Speetoniceras inversion to the East the ammonites become scarce and in the Transca­ M. P avl.,S. sulnnversum M. P avl,.,S. auerbachi Eichw., spian regions they are very rare. Basing on the characteristic S. versicolor Trautsch.,S. speetonense J o u n g . et B ird, and complexes of ammonite species the Hauterivian of the South Simbirskites coronatiformis Pavl. Among the typical Medi- of the USSR is subdivided into two substages with two zones terranian representatives the C. nolani nolani K il., C. du­ in each of them. vali Lev., few specimens of Moutoniceras anulare d ’O rb., M. bonoratianumd 'Orb., as well as Pseudothurmannia (Ba- learites) balearis N o l. and P. (B.) tauricus Eichw. are found 1. The Zone of Acantkodiscus radiatus-Endemoceras ambli- in these regions. Besides the two latter species of Crioceratiti- gonium nae in Transcaucasian the following species are met: Subsay­ nella sayni Pa q ., S. sp., Speetoniceras auerbachi E ichw., The base of the Hauterivian is defined by the first appea­ S. inversum M. Pavl.,S. versicolorastarta G las.,Biasaloce- rance of genera Acanthodiscus, Crioceratites, Saynella and ras sauclum M. P avl., Crioceratites duvali L ev. etc. Spitidiscus. The typical Valanginian genera such as Kilianella, Tburmanniceras, Saynoceras, Sarasinella, Polyptychites and Dichotomites in Hauterivian of the South of the USSR are not 4. The Zone of Pseudothurmannia mortilleti-Craspedodiscus known. discofalcatus There are the following characteristic species in the Acan- tbodiscus radiatus-Endemoceras ambligonium Zone: Acan- For the both Upper Hauterivian zones (Speetoniceras in- thodiscus radiatus radiants Brug.,A. radiatus baksanensis versum-Subsaynella sayni and Pseudothurmannia mortille­

Renng., A. radiatus praematurus Renng., A. karakascbi ti-Craspedodiscus discofalcatus) many genera (or subgenera), K il., Leopoldia leopoldiana d’O rb., L. bargamensis K il., such as Speetoniceras, Simbirskites, Crioceratites, Pseudo- Endemoceras ambligonium N eum. et U hl.,E. castellanense thurmannia (Balearites) etc. are common, but the boundary d’O rb., E. castellanense caucasium Eg., E. biasalense Bl., between them is clearly drawn by the first appearance of Pseudothurmannia (Pseudothurmannia), Craspedodiscus Oosterella cultrata d’O rb. etc. and Acrioccras (Hoplocrioceras). The following species complex is characteristic for the 2. The Zone of Crioceratites sablieri Pseudothurmannia mortilleti-Craspedodiscus discofalcatus Zone: Pseudothurmannia (P.) mortilleti Pict. et L o r. , / 3*5.(P.) The base of this zone is defined by the appearance of Cno- picteti Sark.,P. (P.) biassalensis (D imitr.),P. (P.) renevieri ceratitinae: C. sablieri A st., C. nolani nolani K il.,C. no- S ar. et Sch o n d .,P. (P.) pseiidomalbosi Sar. et S< h o n ij.,P. lani biasalensis Ll'PP., C. duvali Lev., C. munieri Sar. et (Balearites) balearis N o l., Craspedodiscus discofalcatus Schond., C. kiltani Sark. On this level Leopoldia leopol­ L a h .,C .phillipsi N eum. etUHL.,C. caucasicus Re n n g .,Ple- diana d’O rb.,L. biasalensis K ar,,L. lorioli ,Spitidis­ siospitidiscus ligatus d’O rb., Simbirskites decheni La h ., S. cus incertus d’O rb ,,Aegocrioceras seeleyi N eum. « U hl. and kowalewski M. Pavl., S. umbonatus Lah ., Speetoniceras Endemoceras oxygonium N eum. et U hl. are also met. This speetonense J o u n g . « B ird Spitidiscus ratula Sow., A crioce- zone is better characterised faunisticaly in the central and we­ ras (Hoplocrioceras) pulcberrimum d’O rb.,Crioceratites du­ stern parts of the North Caucasus, comparatively poorly in vali L ev., C. honnoratii Lev., Biasaloceras sauclum D ruz. the Crimea and in the Western Georgia, whereas in the other etc. As it was shown earlier (K akabadze, 1981) the species P. regions of the South of the USSR this zone is hard to define (P.) angulicostata d ’O rb.,mentioned in previous schemes as because of the absence of typical ammonites. index-species for this zone, in the territory of the USSR is ab­ scent and hence, the species P. (P.) mortilleti Pict. et L o r . is choosen as index-species. This species is very common in the 3. The Zone of Speetoniceras inversum-Subsaynella sayni uppermost Hauterivian of the Caucasus and Crimea and it is characteristic of this level not only in the south of the USSR, The base of this zone marks the base of Upper Hauterivian but in many West European regions, including the “ standart” substage. It is characterised by the first appearance of Sim- uppermost Hauterivian in the France. birskites, Speetoniceras, as well as Subsaynella. The following © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 503

THE BARREMIAN OF THE SOUTH OF THE USSR

The Barremian in the territory under review is divided into genera) such as Crioceratites, Acrioceras (Hoplocrioceras) and two substages; in Lower Barremian only one Holcodiscus Spitidiscus in Upper Barremian of the South of the USSR are caillaudi-Crioceratites emeriti Zone is defined, though in not known. Among the transitive (from Lower to Upper Bar­ Western Georgia, as it will be shown, two zones are establis­ remian) genera (or subgenera) Paracrioceras, Acrioceras hed. The Upper Barremian of the South of the USSR is divi­ (Acrioceras), Barremites, Silesites, Holcodiscus, Hamulina, ded into three zones: 1) Hemiboplites soulieri- ?Silesites sera- Macroscaphites, Phyllopacbyccras and Protetragonites must nonis, 2) Heteroceras astieri-Imerites favrei (divides into two be noted first of all. subzones - Imerites giraudi and Colchidites securiformis) The Hemiboplites soulieri-fSilesites seranonis Zone is cha­ and 3) Turkmeniceras turkmenicum-Matheronites ridzews- racterised by the following ammonite species: Hemiboplites kyi. (Hemiboplites) soulieri (M ath.), H. (H.) kbwamliensis (R o u c h .), H. (H.) feraudianus (d ’O rb.),Silesites seranonis (d ’O rb.), Paracrioceras barremense (K il .), P. denckmanni 1. The Zone of Holcodiscus caillaudi-Crioceratites emeriti (K o e n .),P. stadtlaenderi (M üller), Audouliceras collignony (Sark.), “Acantbodiscus” amadei (U h l .),Barremites stretto- The base of caillaudi- emeriti Zone marks the base of the stoma M ath.,Protetragonites crebrisulcatus (U h l.),Eulyto- Lower Barremian. The typical Hauterivian genera such as ceras phestum (M ath.),E. thetys d’O rb. etc. Pseudothurmannia, Craspedodiscus, Simbirskites and Plesio- spitidiscus are abscent on this level and its base is defined by the first appearance of Holcodiscus, Barremites (s. str.), Sile- sites, Paraaioceras, Pulcbellia, Subpulchellia, Anabamuhna, 3. The Zone of Heteroceras astieri-Imerites favrei Hamulina, Auritina, Torcapella etc. Among the transitive (from Hauterivian to Barremian) genera first of all the repres­ This zone is comparatively well represented in Western entatives of Crioceratites, Acrioceras, Spitidiscus, Biasaloce- Georgia and Turkmenistan (Kopetdag, Tuarkir, Great and ras and Phyllopacbiceras must be mentioned. The following Minor Balkhans) and its base is defined by the first appearance ammonite species complex is characteristic for this zone: of genera Imentes, Eristavia, Argvetbites and Colchidites. Holcodiscus caillaudi d ’O rb., H. kiliani P aq ., H. perezi These genera, together with the Heteroceras, Barremites, d’O rb., Spitidiscus andrussowi K ar., S. fallacior C o q ., Protetragonites and Phyllopachyceras, are characteristic of S. seunesi K il ., Hamulina subcylindrica d ’O rb.,Anabamu- this zone. lina picteti E ichw.,Auritina aurita E g .,Barremites vocon- Heteroceras astieri-Imerites favrei Zone divides into two tiurn Sayn., Crioceratites emeriti L ev., C .tenuicostatus subzones: Imerites giraudi and Colchidites securiformis. T hom., C.ottobaasi S ark., C .thiollierei (A st.),Acrioceras (Acrioceras) mukleae Sark., A. (Hoplocrioceras) fissicos- The Imerites giraudi Subzone is characterised by the fol­ tatum (R o em .),A. (H.) dilatatum d ’O rb.,A. (H.) isocos- lowing ammonite species complex: Imerites giraudi giraudi tatum K akab., Raspailites cassida R asp., Silesites vulpes K il.,7 . giraudi multicostatus Tovb.,I. giraudi angulicostata U h l.,many representatives of Pulcheliidae (see below) etc. T ovb.,/. favrei R o uch.,1. sparcicostatus Rouch.,Eristavia tnshiensis K akab.,£ . dichotoma (Erist.),Heteroceras astieri In Western Georgia above the Holcodiscus caillaudi Zone d’O rb.,77. bifurcatum d’O rb., Argvetbites raricostatus K a­ the second Lower Barremian Zone Subpulchellia plana- kab.,A.lashensis R ouch.,Colchidites kutatissiensis K akab., Heinzia matura is established (K otetishwili, 1979). This C. leenbardti K il.,Costidiscus recticostatus d’O rb.,Hemi- zone besides the index-species is characterised by the follo­ hoplites (Hemiboplites) kbwamliensis Rouch.,Protetragoni­ wing species: Pulcbellia galeata B u c h ., P. multicostata tes crebrisulcatus U hl., “Acantbodiscus” amadei (U hl.) R ifd .,P. aff. compressissima d ’O rb.,P. cf. riedeli B u ergl., Phyllopachyceras infundibulum d’O rb. etc. Subpulchellia brevicostata K o tet., Crioceratites ottobaasi (Sark.), Paracrioceras dolloi (S ark.),P. cf. elegans (K o e n .) From this subzone the following species pass into the next etc. Colchidites securiformis Subzone: Heteroceras astieri In the other regions of the South of the USSR only one Lo­ d’O rb., Argvetbites lashensis Rouch., Imerites favrei wer Barremian zone is identified and, therefore, till the appea­ R ouch., I. sparcicostatus R ouch., Eristavia dichotoma rance of the new additional data we leave only one zone (Hol­ (Erist.),Hemiboplites (H.) kbwamliensis Ro u c h .,Protetra­ codiscus caillaudi-Crioceratites emeriti) in the Lower Barre­ gonites crebrisulcatus U hl.,“ Acantbodiscus” amadei (U hl.), mian scheme of the south of the USSR. 2 Costidiscus recticostatus d’O rb., Phyllopachyceras infundibu­ lum d’O rb. etc. The Colchidites securiformis Subzone, in its turn, is clearly 2. The Zone of Hemiboplites soulieri-fSilesites seranoms distinguished by the first appearance of genera Paraimerites, Pseudocrioceras and by the aboundance of the various species This zone is best represented in the Caucasus, in particular of the genera Heteroceras, Argvetbites and Colchidites. in Western Georgia. The base of this zone marks the base of Besides the above mentioned transitive species, for the Col- the Upper Barremian, which is defined by the first appearance chidites securiformis Subzone namely the following species of Hemiboplites, Audouliceras, Ancyloceras, Heteroceras, (or subspecies) are characteristic: Colchidites securiformis Procheloniceras (Eocheloniceras). The typical genera (or sub- Sim., Bac. et Sor.,C. shaoriensis D jan.,C. ratshensis rats- 504 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at bensis Rouch.,C .ratsbensis kopetdaghensis Tovb.,C. sara- kir, Great and Minor Balkhans) and in Daghestan. But, even sini Rouch.,C. sp., Heteroceras elegans Rouch.,H. vermi­ in these regions the beds corresponding to this zone are com­ forme Ro u g h H. sp., Argvethites minor Rough.,A. bal- paratively poor in ammonites. The following species (or sub­ chanicus K akab., Paraimerites densecostatus (Renng.), species) are found in this zone: Turkmeniceras turkmenicum P. tsholashensis tsbolasbensis (Rough.),P. tsbolasbensis bal- turkmenicum Tovb., T. turkmenicum longicostata Tovb., cbanicus Kakab.,P. sp., Costidiscus microcostatus Sim., Bac. T. geokderense Tovb.,T. rarecostatum Bogd,,T . tumidum et Sor., Audouliceras tzotnei (Rouch.), Eulytoceras rossi Bogd., Hemihoplites (Matheronites) ridzewskyi Kar., H. Par.,Eupbylloceras tbetys d’O rb.,E. morelli d’O rb.,Phyl- (M.) trispinosus (Koen), H. (M.) brevispinus (Koen.),H. lopacbyceras infundibulum d’O rb., Ph. baborense C oq., (Hemihoplites) turkmenicus (Lupp.),H. (H.) brevicostatus ,,Acrioceras“ furcatum d’O rb. etc. (Bogd.),,,Acrioceras" furcatum d’O rb. This zone marks the top of the Upper Barremian of the South of the USSR (Tovbi- na, 1963, Bogdanova, 1971, K akabadze, 1981) and the base 4. The Zone of Turkmeniceras turkmenicum-Matberonites of the next Lower Aptian deposits is defined by the first ap­ ndzewskyi pearance of the typical representatives of the Deshayesitidae. This uppermost Barremian zone is well characterised by the leading ammonite species in Turkmenistan (Kopetdag, Tuar-

DISCUSSION OF CORRELATION

HAUTERIVIAN pical Tethyan species, this zone is close to the “ standart” ra­ diatus zone. The existance in both regions of the following

The lowermost Hauterivian zone, named by W. Kilian species: Acantbodiscus radiatus radiatus Brug., Leopoldia Hoplites (Acantbodiscus) radiatus-Leopoldia castellanensis, leopoldiana d’O rb.,L. castellanensis castellanensis d’O rb., was subdivided by J. D ebelmas and J.-P. Thieuloy (1965) L. bargamensis K il. and Oosterella cultrata d’O rb., is of into two zones: 1) Lyticoceras sp. (sp. 1) and 2) Acantbodis­ great importance for their correlation. cus radiatus. But later, the beds with the Lyticoceras sp. On the other hand, it is very important that Endemoceras (sp. 1) were proved to belong to the Uppermost Valanginian ambligonium N fum. et U hl. occurs together with the above and hence the single Acantbodiscus radiatus Zone was defined mentioned ammonite species of the lowermost Hauterivian and the appearance of Acantbodiscus was taken to mark the Zone of the South of the USSR, being its second index-spe­ Valanginian/Hauterivian boundary (Moullade and Thieu­ cies. In the North-West Europe (Northern Germany, Eng­ loy, 1967, Thieuloy, 1973). land) the Endemoceras ambligonium is also the index-species In the South of the USSR (North Caucasus, Crimea), as it of the lowest Hauterivian Zone and, thus, the correlation of was shown, the base of Hauterivian (i. e. the base of Acantho- the mentioned levels (zones) of these two regions is quite pos­ disctts radiatus-Endemoceras ambligonium Zone) is also defi­ sible. ned by the first appearance of Acantbodiscus, as well as of The second Crioceratites sablieri Zone of the South of the Crioceratites, Saynella and Spitidiscus. Containning some ty­ USSR, as it was shown, is characterised by the abundance of

South-East France South of the USSR Volga region Northern Germany E n g l a n d S u b - | S t a g e | s t a g e {KILIAN, 1910) (THIEULOY, 1973) (th is paper) (DRDSHTZITZ, 1966) (KEMPER, 1976) (RAWSON e t a l . , 1 9 7 8 )

C r v a r i a b i 1 i s

P. angulicostata 5.(C r.) discofal­ c a t u s Hop. (N. ?) P. mortílle ti - Cr. discofalcatus - S. m a r g m a t u s angulicostatus C r . d i s c o f a l c a t u s Sp. decheni

P i. l i g a t u s S.(C r.) gottschei C r g o t t s c h e i UPPER S p . speetonensrs S.(M.) sta ffi M. speetonensis Sp. mversum - D. s a g m S u b . s a g n i S u b . s a g n i Sp. versicolor ~ S .(S p.) inversum S. in v e r s u s Sp. submversum

N. nodosoplicat us E . r e g a le E. r e g a le

HAUTERIVIAN C. d u v a l i 0 1. j e a n n o t i C. sablieri cr - LU 3: C . l o r g i E . n o n c u m E. n o n c u m O _1

Hop.(A.) radiatus A. radiatus - - E. amblygonium E. amblygonium L. castellanensis E. ambligonium

Table 1. Correlation of Hauterivian zonal schemes for the South of the USSR, South-East of France, Volga region, Northern Germany and England. © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 505

the Tethyan ammonite species (Crioceratites duvali L ev., Subsaynella sayni Zone of the South of the USSR in all prob­ C. nolaninolani K il.,C .kiliani Sark.,C .sablieri A st.,Spi- ability, corresponds to the two Upper Hauterivian inversum tidiscus incertus d’O rb. etc.) and it obviously corresponds to and staffi Zones of North Germany and to the inversum and the zones: 1) Crioceratites loryi, 2) Olcostephanns jeannoti speetonesis Zones of North.-East England, as well as to the and 3) Neocomites nodosoplicatus in the “ standard’ scheme Speetoniceras versicolor-S. subinversum and S. speetonensis by J.-P. Thieuloy (1973). Zones of the Volga region. As to the correlation of Crioceratites sablieri Zone with the The uppermost Hauterivian Pseudothurmannia mortille- North-West European Lower Hauterivian synchronous de­ ti-Craspedodiscus discofalcatus Zone of the South of the posites the data are still insufficient; in the Crioceratites sa­ USSR comprises both Tethyan (Pseudothurmannia (Pseudo­ blieri Zone of the South of the USSR the typical Boreal spe­ thurmannia) mortilleti Pict. et Lor.,P. (P.) pseudomalbosi cies are abscent and, hence, only by its stratigraphical position Sar. et Schond.,P. (P.) renevieri Sar. et Schond.,Criocera­ it can be assumed that the Crioceratites sablieri Zone corres­ tites duvali Lev. etc.) and Boreal (Craspedodiscus discofalca­ ponds to the Endemoceras noticum and Endemoceras regale tus Lah., Simbirskites kowalewskyi M. Pavl.,S.umbonatus Zones of north Germany (see scheme E. K emper, 1976) and Lah.,S .decheni Lah. etc.) forms (species). It is remarkable England (see scheme P. R.wsONetal., 1978). In all these three that Craspedodiscus discofalcatus in the North Germany also regions the correlate interval is situated between the Acan- is the index-species of the uppermost Hauterivian zone, tbodiscus radiatus - Endemoceras ambligonium Zone of the where it occurs together with S. kowalewskyi M. Pavl. South of the USSR or Endemoceras ambligonium Zone of In the Volga region the uppermost Hauterivian Craspedo­ North Germany and England and Upper Hauterivian Spee- discus discofalcatus-Speetoniceras decheni Zone also contains toniceras inversion - Subsaynella sayni Zone of the South of (besides the mentioned index-species) the following species: the USSR or Speetoniceras inversum Zone of North Ger­ common with the uppermost Hauterivian zone of the Cauca­ many and England (table 1). sus S. umbonatus Lah., C. speetonense J oung. et Bird., On the basis of the additional palaeontological and strati­ C. phillips N eum. et U hl. etc. graphical data the Upper Hauterivian of the south-eastern France was divided not into two (S. sayni and P. angulicos- Taking into account the mentioned data the correlation of tata by W. K ilian, 1910) but into the three zones: l) Subsay­ the Pseudothurmannia mortilleti-Craspedodiscus discofalca­ nella sayni, 2) Plesiospitidiscus ¡¡gains and 3) Pseudothur- tus Zone of the South of the USSR with the Craspedodiscus tnannia anguhcostata (Moullade, 1966, Moullade and discofalcatus-Speetoniceras decheni of the Volga region, as T hif.uloy, 1967, Thieuloy, 1973). well as with the two Simbirskites (Craspedodiscus) gottschei and S. (Cr.) discofalcatus Zones of North Germany is quite In the other west European Mediterranian regions (Spain, permissible (see table 1). The latter two zones, for their part, Majorca, Bulgaria, Romania etc.), as well as in the South of as it was shown by H. Immel (1979), correlates with the three the USSR the similar subdivision of the Upper Hauterivian is uppermost Hauterivian zones: Cr. gottschei, S. marginatus not possible. and Cr. variabilis of England. As to the Cr. variabilis Zone As to the zonal correlation with the “ standart” region, we of England, it (and the upper part of the German Cr. discofal­ can assume the data of the previous authors that Speetoniceras catus Zone) is suggested to be the lowest Barremian by inversum - Subsaynella sayni Zone of the South of the USSR E. K emper et al. (1981). This suggestion was based only on corresponds to the “ standart” Subsaynella sayni Zone. On the occurrence at Speeton of Crioceratites (Paracrioceras) the other hand we consider that the next uppermost Hauteri­ spathi at the base of the Simbirskites variabilis Zone. The no­ vian Pseudothurmannia mortilleti - Cr aspe do discus discofal- ted species is not known outside of England and, as it is noted catus Zone of the South of the USSR corresponds to the two by E. K fmper et al. (1981), it really shows the great resem­ “ standart” Plesiospitidiscus ligatus and Pseudothurmannia blance with the C. thiollieri (Ast.). As it has been lately pro­ anguhcostata Zones (K akabadze, 1981). It is remarkable, that ved the latter species appears not from the lowest Barremian, the leading species (in the “ standart” region), such as Plesio­ but from the late Hauterivian (see T homel, 1964, Immel, spitidiscus ligatus d’O rb. is noted by V. L. Egoian from the 1978). Taking into account these data we consider that till ad­ uppermost Hauterivian of the north-western Caucasus toge­ ditional (supplementary) new palaeontological and stratigra­ ther with the Pseudothurmannia “anguhcostata" d’O rb., phical information will be obtained the S. variabilis Zone of Craspedo discus discofalcatus Lah., Simbirskites decheni England (as well as the C. discofalcatus Zone of North Ger­ Lah.,etc., but unfortunatly the exact stratigraphical position many) must be left in the Upper Hauterivian (table 1). of P. ligatus d’O rb. is not known. As to zonal correlation of the Upper Hauterivian of the South of the USSR and some typical Boreal regions (North Germany, England, Volga region) first of all it must be noted BARREMIAN that in the late Hauterivian the ammonite migration process, especially their progressing from north to south was rather in­ When comparing the lower Barremian ammonite comple­ tensified. The typical Boreal genera such as Speetoniceras, xes of the South of the USSR and South-East of France it be­ Craspedodiscus and Simbirskites were spread not only in the comes evident that both of them are characterised by the flou­ North Caucasus, but in the Transcaucasian regions as well. rishing of the following genera: Holcodiscus, Pulchellia, Bar- Thus, existance of the mixed ammonite fauna in the Upper remites, Hamulina etc. Besides, there appear some new spe­ Hauterivian of the South of the USSR (see above) allow to cies of the following transitive genera: Spitidiscus, Criocerati­ conclude the following: the lower Speetoniceras inversum - tes, Acrioceras, Euphylloceras. 506 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

South-East France South of the USSR Northern Germany A3 ,Q A3 4-> 3 4 ' V) CO ! (KILIAN, 1910) (BUSNARDO, 1965) (this paper) (KOENEN, 1908) (KEMPER, 1976) aegoceras - Par. bidentatum - 'ost. r T. turkmenleum- i’. bidentatum Par. scalare L. puzosianum tatu Math, ridzewskyi i'. rude Sim. stolleyi UPPER

Colch. securiformis C. sparsicosta "C. " s p a r ­ u sicosta Met. asti anum - Het. astieri ¡3 > C. p i n y u e M. yvam "A. " Innexum - /. giraudi A. mnexum Sim. pingue 5: >-< A. costellatum

Hem. soulieri - w Hem. teraudi C. denckmanni ►J P. denckmanni Q ? S. seranonis D

Puleh. com­ C. elegans P. elegans press ¡ssima

C. em eri i - Hole, caillaudi - Ptilch. com- C. emerici pressissima C. £issicostatum "H. " fissicostatum

Hole, kiliani c. rarocinctum "H." rarocinctum LOWER C. strombecki

Table 2. Correlation ot Barremian mortal schemes tor the 5>uuth ot the USSR, South-East Erance and Northern Germany.

Existance in both region of the same leading species such as Middle Barremian. These data allow to propose that the Lo­ Holcodiscus gastaldi d ’O rb,,H. caillaudi d’O rb..Spitidiscus wer Barremian Holcodiscus caillaudi-Crioceratites emerici seunesi Kn ,,S. fallacior C oq., Crioceratitcs emeriti L ev.,5;'- Zone of the South of the USSR corresponds to the Cnocerati- lesites vulpes C o q ., Pulcbellui cf. compressissima d’O rb., tes strombecki, Crioceratites rarocinctus, Crioceratites, fissi­ P. galeata Buch. etc. allow to conclude that Holcodiscus cail- costatus and Crioceratites elegans Zones of A. Koenen’s laiuli-Crioceratites emerici Zone of the South of the USSR (1908) scheme or “Hoplocrioceras"rarocinctum, “ Hoplocrio­ corresponds to the Crioceratitcs emenci-Pulchellia compres­ ceras” fissicostatum and Paracrioceras elegans Zones of sissima Zone of south-east France in scheme by W. Kn ian E. K emper’s (1976) scheme (table 2). (1910) or to the both subzones of the Nicklesiaptilcbella Zone More complicated is the correlation problem of the Upper (subzones: Holcodiscus kiliani and Pulchellia compressissi­ Barremian. As it is well known, in the “ standart” Upper Bar­ ma) in the scheme by R. B usnardo (1965) or to the Emerici- remian region there is only one Silesites seranonis Zone, with ceras emerici Zone in the scheme by M. Moullade (1966). the three subzones (Hemiboplites feraudi, Heteroceras astieri More complicated is the correlation of the Lower Barre­ and Leptoceras puzosianum) (Busnardo, 1965). As it was mian of Tethyan and Boreal regions. During the last 10 years shown above, there is a more detailed Upper Barremian zonal this problem was rediscussed in many special papers (R aw scheme in the South of the USSR. The presence of Paracrioce­ son, 1973, T hieui.oy, 1973, 1mmf.l, 1979, K emper etal., 1981, ras barremense Kil., Hemiboplites (Hemiboplites) soulieri K ckabadze, 1981). It is remarkable that there is not a single (Math.), H. (H.) feraudumus (d’O rb), Audouliceras colli- same named Barremian zone in the areas under consideration gnoni (Sark.) and Banemites strettostoma M ath, at the base and, hence, the detailed zonal correlation becomes extremely of the Upper Barremian of these comparable regions allow to difficult. But, as it is presently proved (K akabadze, 1981), conclude that the “ standart” Hemiboplites feraudi subzone mainly by means of some representatives of Crioceratitinae corresponds to the Hemiboplites soulieri-fSilcsitcs seranonis the possibility exists of the mentioned zonal correlation. In Zone of the South of the USSR. the North-West Caucasus within the lower Barremian Hol­ The second “ standart” Heteroceras astieri Subzone corre­ codiscus caillaudi Zone ammonite complex the Acrioceras lates with the both subzones (Imerites giraudi and Colcbidi- (Hoplocrioceras) fissicostatum (Rof.m.) is mentioned by tes securiformis) of the Heteroceras astieri-Imerites favrei V. L. E goian (1977) and in the upper part of the lower Bar­ Zone. As it was shown above, this level is characterised by the remian (namely in Subpulcbellia plana-Heinzia matura aboundance of Hcteroceratidae, among which the Heteroce­ Zone) of Georgia the Paracrioceras cf. elegans (K oen.) was ras astieri d’O rb.,H. bifurcation d’O rb.,¡mentes giraudi indicated (K akabadze, 1981). These species in the similar stra- K il.,/. favrei Rouc.h., Colcbidites emerici emerici d’O rb., tigraphical succession appear in the Barremian of north Ger­ C. Leenhardti K il. and C. kakbadzei R ough, are met in many; A. (H.) fissicostatum is the index-species of the third both regions. (from below) lower Barremian zone in the scheme by A. K oenen (1908) or of the second zone in the scheme by The uppermost Turkmeniceras turkmenicum-Matberoni- E. K emper (1976). Unlike the A. K oenen’s scheme, E. K em tes ridzewskyi Zone is correlated with the “ standart” Lepto­ per divides the Barremian not into two, but into three substa­ ceras puzosianum Subzone taking into account their strati- ges and the mentioned fissicostatus Zone crowns the Lower graphical position. Barremian. The second noted species Paracrioceras elegans is As to the Upper Barremian correlation of the South of the also the index-species of the E. K oenen’s upper zone of the USSR and North Germany, first of all it must be noted that Lower Barremian or of the E. Kemper’s lowermost zone of the migration process of ammonite species continuated © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 507

mostly from the Boreal area southward and, hence, in the some Boreal ammonite species, namely: Hemihoplites (Ma- Upper Barremian of the South of the USSR there are some ty­ theronites) brevispmus (K o e n .) and H. (M.) trispinosus pical Boreal elements (mostly Ancyloceratids). (K o e n .). As it is evident now, in North Germany they were collected from the Crioceratites rude Zone by A. K o e n i .n In the lowermost Upper Barremian zone of Western Geor­ (1908). Taking into account the mentioned palaeontological gia (Hemihoplites soulwri-Paracrioccras barremense) the two and stratigraphical data we can conditionally correlate Tnrk­ Boreal species - Paracrioceras denkmanni (Moi ler) and meniceras tin kmenicum - Matheronites ridzewskyi Zone of P. stadtlaenderi (Moller) were found (Kakabadze, 1981), the South of the USSR with the two uppermost Barremian and it is remarkable that in Noith Germany above the Para- zones (C. rude und C. aegoceras - C. bidcntaturn) of crioceras elegans Zone namely Paracrioceras denkmanni North Germany (see table 2). In both regions immediately ab­ Zone is established. On the same level the other mentioned ove these levels the first typical representatives of the Des- species P. stadlaenderi (Moller) was also found. hayesitidae appear, pointing out the beginning of the Lower The second Upper Barremian Heteroceras astieri-Imeritcs Aptian Stage. favrei Zone of the South of the USSR does not contain the ty­ pical Boreal elements and, hence, it is still impossible to esta­ blish its correlative horizon by the ammonite fauna; in this ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS case their stratigraphical position is of primary importance (see table 2). ! am grateful to Prof. Dr. JOST WlEDMANN for many fruitful! dis­ cussions and for giving me opportunity to examine the Lower Creta­ In contrast to the Heteroceras astieri-Imcrites favrei Zone, ceous ammonite collection from the various Museums of Germany the uppermost Barremian Tnrkmeniceras turkmenicum-Ma- during my research fellowship, which was supported through the theronites ridzewskyi Zone of the South of the USSR contains Alexander von llumboldt Poundation.

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