1 FIVE DOCUMENTARIES ABOUT CALIFORNIA BRIDGES AND STRUCTURE 2 MANAGEMENT 3 4 5 6 Greg Kaderabek 7 Professional Engineers in California Government 8 455 Capital Mall, Suite 501, Sacramento, CA 95814 9 Tel: 916-446-0400; Fax: 916-446-0489; Email: [email protected] 10 11 Steve J. Lee 12 Professional Engineers in California Government 13 455 Capital Mall, Suite 501, Sacramento, CA 95814 14 Tel: 916-446-0400; Fax: 916-446-0489; Email: [email protected] 15 16 Alfred R. Mangus, Corresponding Author 17 Professional Engineers in California Government 18 455 Capital Mall, Suite 501, Sacramento, CA 95814 19 Tel: 916-446-0400; Fax: 916-446-0489; Email: [email protected] 20 21 22 23 Word count: 4522 words text + [10 figures x 250 words (each) = 2,500 words] = 7022 words with limit of 24 7,500 words (488 words under the limit) 25 26 27 28 29 30 Draft Date 4/20/2017 AT 1700 Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 2

1 2 ABSTRACT 3 This presentation describes five California Bridge and Structure Management case histories recorded via a 4 documentary. These films entertain and inform professionals about various types of issues and solutions. 5 The range of asset management issues include fire, flood, seismic robustness, ocean going shipping, and 6 the politics of an iconic signature span. An emergency repair (fire damage) to a vital steel bridge was 7 recorded via the PECG (Professional Engineers in California Government) documentary “Amazing: 8 Rebuilding the MacArthur Maze”. A PBS (Public Broadcasting System) TV (Television) show discusses 9 the I-5 “Boat” concrete seal slab repairs after flooding in Sacramento. A skillful asset management decision 10 chose the dramatic ABC solution, the lateral skidding of a seismically robust concrete replacement viaduct. 11 The PECG documentary “A Span in Time” utilized professionally animated caricatures to make these 12 complex issues easier to understand and fun to watch the replacement of a gray slab. The Caltrans 13 documentary “Crossing Carquinez, The Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge”, explains a new state of the art 14 suspension bridge that spans a narrow navigational channel for ocean going ships. Politics influenced the 15 chosen iconic signature bridge system for the new East Spans of the SFOBB (San Francisco Oakland Bay 16 Bridge). A caricature of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is shown holding the gold plated bridge solution 17 in the PECG documentary “The Bridge So Far: A Suspense Story”. 18 19 Keywords: Amazing, asset, bridge; boat, Buena, California, Caltrans, documentary, flood, film, fire, 20 island, memorial, MacArthur, Maze, movie, PBS, PECG, risk, SAS, San Francisco, 21 suspense, slab, seal, SFOBB, television, TV, Viewfinder, Yerba, Zampa, 22 23 INTRODUCTION 24 25 The evolution of film, digital photography and personal computers has resulted in a much larger number of 26 professionals who create documentaries. The cost has dropped dramatically to create a 27 documentary. Bridge risk and asset management issues have become more complex with a much larger 28 family of bridge solutions. DOTs (Department of Transportation) more frequently need to explain to the 29 general public the reasons why a transportation solution was selected. There has been a proliferation of 30 reality shows plus a large number of cable TV shows on how things are manufactured or constructed. A 31 larger number “YouTube” bridge technical documentaries in many languages exist, because viewers want 32 a greater understanding of complex construction issues. Caltrans started with time-lapse and then produced 33 in 1974, its first documentary the bridge about the Pine Valley Bridge renamed the Nello Greer Memorial 34 Bridge. Thus, Caltrans and many other organizations produce their own documentaries or mini 35 documentaries via YouTube. The selected case histories present a range of asset and risk management issues. 36

37 38 FIRE DAMAGE TO THE MACARTHUR MAZE 39 40 This multilevel interchange divides SFOBB traffic into three freeways. These are the Douglas MacArthur 41 Memorial Freeway (I-580), The Admiral Chester Nimitz Memorial Freeway (I-880), and the Eastside (I- 42 80/I-580). The MacArthur Interchange opened to traffic in the 1930s as part of the construction of the 43 SFOBB. The Maze was originally named the "Distribution Structure" by engineers, but it was nicknamed 44 "Maze" by commuters. In 1955, the Maze was modified and was Seismic Retrofitted in the 1990s. In 2007, 45 a fuel tanker truck overturned and the resulting fire damaged both the I-580 and I-880 ramps. The fire 46 damage was in a small section of the MacArthur Maze (Figure 1). The lower ramp repair and reconstruction 47 was assigned to Caltrans Structures Maintenance and Investigations while the replacement of the upper 48 ramp was assigned to Caltrans Structures Design (10) (12) (24). The damaged lower concrete deck was first 49 tested with concrete cores by Caltrans Translab. The damaged concrete deck area was removed and replaced. 50 The steel plate girders (distorted by heat) were restored to their original position using “heat straightening”. Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 3

1 This lower ramp was opened to traffic in eight days. Additional work such as painting was completed later 2 after the reopening (25). The upper ramp opened in 26 days with very positive publicity from the media 3 and the general public. CC Myers bid low and collected a large bonus check (shared with Stinger Steel). 4 The owner of the tank truck, after an investigation was found to have 36 violations of its operations and 5 was fined. The MacArthur Maze was a tremendous success story with Governor Schwarzenegger including 6 it in one of his State of California speeches. The media and taxpayers were extremely happy with the rapid 7 repairs. Much positive public sentiment resulted for Caltrans and general contractor CC Myers. 8

9 10 FIGURE 1: Key Bridge Drawings of the MacArthur Maze fire damage repairs. 11 12 AMAZING: THE REBUILDING OF THE MACARTHUR MAZE DOCUMENTARY 13 14 One asset and risk management concern for a DOT, is dealing with professional engineers who 15 publicly criticize a DOT regarding bridges and structures. The media may search licensed engineers who 16 will publicly criticize the infrastructure owner. The media tries to find well-known experts to challenge the 17 DOT. Within a few days, PBS (Public Broadcast System) had a professor from a famous university, criticize 18 Caltrans on the PBS News Hour. The critic over-stated the risk and asset management issues. However, the 19 MacArthur Maze was undamaged by the Loma Prieta Earthquake. Caltrans did not debate the professor on 20 the PBS News Hour. The media, the public, and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger were extremely pleased 21 with the rapid (ABC) repair of the MacArthur Maze. PECG (Professional Engineers in CA Government) 22 decided that a documentary about this tremendous success story could be shown on PBS television in 23 California and elsewhere around the world. Director Will Kempton agreed to the partnership with PECG, 24 who paid for this documentary, since it made Caltrans, the Contractor, and Governor Schwarzenegger look Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 4

1 great. PECG brought in an expert documentary director, animator, and character creator. Caricatures were 2 created with the appropriate amount of humor and entertainment in retelling the story. PECG was founded 3 in 1962 by Caltrans engineers. One purpose of this professional organization was to provide the San 4 Francisco media with technical information on the value of creating freeways. PECG was selected in 1977, 5 after collective bargaining became law in California, to represent State of California government engineers, 6 land surveyors, and architects. Also, the ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) report card is used 7 to obtain the taxpayers’ support to improve our infrastructure. 8

9 10 11 FIGURE 2: “Amazing: The Rebuilding of the MacArthur Maze” after tanker fire damage. 12 13 PECG’s documentary “Amazing: The Rebuilding of the MacArthur Maze” highlights the use of ABC 14 (Accelerated Bridge Construction) techniques for the upper I-580 ramp, and was broadcast on PBS TV 15 stations (5). The film opens with footage of the fire caused by the overturned gasoline truck. Animation 16 shows the a tanker truck rolled over, slid, and stopped at the crossover location between the two ramps at 17 3:42 am on Sunday, April 29, 2007. During the reconstruction, the last steel girders trucked from Arizona 18 were delayed by blown truck tires. This added tension and drama to the film. Next in the film, Kempton 19 authorizes a California Highway Patrol escort for the truck. So the film’s director, Mr. Brown, has skillfully 20 blended Hollywood type drama with real world engineering asset management decisions to make the 21 documentary more fun to watch. The State of Georgia media rediscovered this 2007 film due to the April 22 2017 GDOT Interstate I-85 bridge fire. The true value of this documentary continues by educating the 23 media and taxpayers about fires that damage bridges. Mr. David L. Brown is a San Francisco documentary 24 filmmaker who has produced, written and directed over 80 productions and 10 broadcast documentaries on 25 social, environmental, and technology issues. Documentaries developed by Mr. Brown have received over 26 75 international awards, and have been broadcast on PBS and in 15 countries. The film’s animation by Rick 27 Pepper depicts the key issues. Cartoon animation by artist Charlie Canfield portrays key moments in this 28 film (Figure 2). Cartoonist Charlie Canfield portrays Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, CC Myers, 29 Kempton, and Carl Douglas (founder of Stinger Steel). 30 31 32 Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 5

1 FLOOD DAMAGE TO “THE I-5 BOAT” SECTION 2 3 The Governor of California did not want the Capital Mall area of Sacramento and Old Sacramento, a historic 4 district visited by tourists, to be visually sliced in half by a ground level freeway with sound walls nor an 5 elevated freeway. Thus, a depressed freeway section was created in the 1960s. The ground water table is 6 very high due the adjacent Sacramento River. Thus, a water tight system was required. This three sided 7 structure consists of an east and west retaining wall for this north-south alignment of I-5. The retaining 8 walls and freeway slab were built as watertight as possible. Leakage occurs due to the permeability of 9 concrete, cracks, and construction errors. Thus, under slab drains with storage tanks and pump system were 10 integrated into a practicable solution. The Riverfront Seal Slab (aka Caltrans Structure No. 24-0274M) 11 floats like a boat due to the very high water table, hence the nickname “The Boat.” Caltrans Engineers used 12 the deadweight of a 975 meter long concrete seal slab up to 4.6 m thick and anchor piles underneath the top 13 pavement slab to combat buoyancy forces. “The Boat” has more than 5,000 concrete and steel tension piles 14 embedded an average depth of 24.4 meters below the bottom of the seal slab into the soft soils. The “Boat” 15 has an integral drainage, storage box and pumping system (Figure 3). All of the surface water collected in 16 the reservoir is pumped into the adjacent Sacramento River. “The Boat” was originally completed in 17 1970. In 1980, Sacramento experienced a bad flood. “The Boat” section flooded with about 3.7 meters of 18 water, damaging the integral drainage system due to a broken valve at the City’s sewage treatment plant. 19 During the flooding, much silt went into the drainage system and filled the pipes. In 2008, Caltrans 20 engineers designed the rehabilitation of “The Boat”.

21 22 FIGURE 3: “The Boat” Interstate I-5 Sacramento photo with integrated cross -section. 23 24 PBS (PUBLIC BROADCASTING SYSTEM) TV SHOW ON “THE I-5 BOAT” 25 26 The Sacramento based PBS affiliate has a locally produced show ViewFinder, - Rebuilding the Boat: Fixing 27 I-5 in Sacramento. This documentary filmed individuals who were the key professionals and the 28 stakeholders. After contract approval, CC Meyers Inc. proposed an even more accelerated schedule: 29 proposing to complete the work in 34 working days. They proposed a 10-day full freeway closure in lieu 30 of the original drawn-out schedule. Caltrans reviewed and agreed to a CRIP (Cost Reduction Incentive 31 Plan) with the contractor CC Myers. However, to do it safely, Caltrans devised a plan to reroute traffic and 32 shut down I-5 in “The Boat” section during construction. The repair consisted of three phases. First, was a Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 6

1 demolition or saw cutting phase, second a rebuilding phase, and finally a resurfacing phase. Then the 2 contractor removed the existing roadway and integral drainage system. New concrete and integral drainage 3 system were installed next. The I-5 Northbound lanes were completed first and Caltrans rerouted traffic to 4 the northbound lanes. This process was repeated for the southbound lanes. An upgrade was installing 23 5 new computer controlled monitoring wells to remotely alert Caltrans maintenance engineers if ground water 6 gets too high. Thus, asset management information in real-time is electronically sent to Caltrans engineers. 7 In about 40 days of around the clock construction (CC Meyers claims only 35 days of actual construction), 8 the section was rebuilt with over 7 lane miles of concrete paving slabs for Interstate I-5 in downtown 9 Sacramento. This I-5 Boat Section repair was basically a successful one, but vigilant maintenance is still 10 needed (14) (15). The original design lacked risk management robustness, and some inlet gratings were 11 blocked by trash and other debris. Various local TV shows ran news stories as it took Caltrans awhile to 12 remove the debris with vacuum trucks. Sacramento receives about 16 inches of rain annually, so no serious 13 problems are anticipated. Caltrans added painted embossed rectangles to the original walls. However, the 14 “tagger” vandals are starting to paint graffiti on the highly visible retaining walls. 15 16

17 18 19 FIGURE 4: DVD by KVIE PBS Viewfinder Television Show on “Rebuilding The Boat: 20 Fixing I-5 in Sacramento” 21 22 23 ASSET MANAGEMENT OF THE YERBA BUENA ISLAND VIADUCT 24 25 The SFOBB East Spans Seismic Safety Project included the YBI (Yerba Buena Island). Caltrans engineers 26 determined that a 23.8-meter wide, 106.7-meter section of the existing YBI Viaduct would need to be either 27 extensively retrofitted or replaced. The YBI Viaduct was also used as a “Tie-In” to the temporary South- 28 South Detour Structure that would be part of the New East Spans of the Bay Bridge. Today the YBI Viaduct 29 connects the new East Spans of the SFOBB. The Caltrans bridge design team of Mike Cullen PE (Project Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 7

1 Engineer) and Grant Schuster PE (Project Designer) were responsible for delivering the Structure Plans for 2 the YBI Viaduct Roll-in Replacement. This was completed over a 3-day Labor Day Weekend within a 3 scheduled full freeway closure of the SFOBB (two level facility carrying five lanes of traffic in both 4 directions (Figure 5). This viaduct (I-80) carries an average of 270,000 vehicles per day. CC Meyers and 5 the bridge skidding specialist (Mammoet Inc.) were low bidders. By August 2007, the replacement viaduct 6 was ready for lateral skidding. On Labor Day Weekend 2007 the Bay Bridge was closed to traffic. 7 Demolition of the existing YBI Viaduct was completed in two days and the new viaduct was skidded into 8 position (10) (18).

9 10 FIGURE 5: The Yerba Buena Island Bridge ABC replacement via skidding. 11 12 13 THE DOCUMENTARY “A SPAN IN TIME” 14 15 PECG’s documentary “A Span in Time” highlights the use of Accelerated Bridge Construction techniques 16 used for the Bay Bridge skid-in project. The Emmy Award-winning animation team from “Amazing Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 8

1 Rebuilding the MacArthur Maze" was selected by PECG to create another movie (5). A satirical look at the 2 broadcast industry is portrayed by a new caricature which was introduced in this film "Max Tabloid”. The 3 film’s animation by Rick Pepper depicts the "replacement of one gray slab with a new gray slab" (Figure 4 6). Cartoon animation by Charlie Canfield portrays key moments in this film. Steven Most was script 5 consultant. The Design Team of Mike Cullen and Grant Schuster with Tom Ostrom PE, explain the roll-in 6 span replacement from the side of an active freeway. Caltrans Bridge Engineers Mike Whiteside PE, and 7 Caltrans Senior Bridge Construction Engineer William Casey PE, describe engineering details for the 8 project. The Caltrans Toll Bridge Construction Manager explains how Mammoet used their expertise in 9 moving large objects to move the replacement span into place. The film interviews General Contractor CC 10 Myers (6) who provides great one liners such as "I did not know that they had so many concrete saws in 11 California". The documentary “A Span in Time” won a Television Arts and Science Emmy for Outstanding 12 Graphics and Animation in 2009.

13 14 FIGURE 6: Caricature Max Tabloid adds humor to “A Span in Time” ABC Documentary. 15 16 THE ALFRED ZAMPA MEMORIAL BRIDGE ENLARGES SHIPPING CHANNEL 17 18 High above the Carquinez Straits in California, connecting the northern bluff of Crockett, to the southern 19 tip of Vallejo, sits the monumental AZMB (Alfred P. Zampa Memorial Bridge), which opened to traffic in 20 2003. A clear span bridge was used to maximize the navigation channel (2). Today, larger ocean going 21 vessels use the Carquinez Straits, than in the 1920s. A feasibility study compared cable-stayed bridge 22 solutions vs. suspension bridge solutions. The AZMB was the first aerodynamically wing shaped 23 orthotropic steel deck bridge built in the USA (17) (21). A pedestrian + bikeway path was included and 24 connects to the coast trail. The existing 1927 and 1958 bridges were only vehicular. The 1927 steel truss 25 bridge was removed after the 1958 bridge’s original reinforced concrete deck was replaced with a new 26 concrete deck (Figures 7 and 8). The orthotropic wearing surface is performing well after 14 years. The 27 scenic overlooks and bicycle pedestrian walkway on the west side of AZMB that are part of a San Francisco 28 Bay Trail system have satisfied the nearby home owners and others. The Alfred Zampa Memorial website 29 honors Alfred, ironworkers, and laborers. So it is a highly probable asset management decision that a 30 parallel, similar, orthotropic bridge will be built when the useful life of the 1958 truss bridge ends in the 31 next 20-30 years. AZMB has been a quiet, but very successful risk and asset management success story. 32 Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 9

1 2 3 FIGURE 7: The AZMB (Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge) Drawing with Key Details. 4 5 6 THE AZMB (ALFRED ZAMPA MEMORIAL BRIDGE) DOCUMENTARY 7 8 Caltrans District 4 (San Francisco Bay Area) created a documentary (23), and companion book (1) about 9 this state of the art aerodynamic orthotropic wing shaped superstructure for a suspension bridge. This 10 documentary also chronicles the high points of Alfred Zampa’s life with interviews of key Caltrans and the 11 contractor employees involved with this AZMB. Key engineering highlights of the state of the art ABC 12 solution are also presented in this film. 13 Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 10

1 2 3 FIGURE 8: The Caltrans “Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge” Modified Book Cover. 4 5 6 7 THE POLITICAL SELECTION OF THE EAST SFOBB SIGNATURE SPANS 8 9 The replacement of the East Spans of SFOBB was a series of complex asset management decisions decided 10 by politics rather than engineering economics. The original bridge spans were a variety of steel truss types 11 based on engineering economics (Figure 9). There was a long drawn out political power struggle involving 12 architects, contractors, engineers, and politicians on what type of bridge crossing should be utilized. The 13 $6.5 billion signature span crossings were selected rather than a utilitarian bridge system. The $2 billion 14 self-anchoring suspension bridge portion with an orthotropic steel deck aerodynamic wing superstructure 15 is the signature portion. Most of the East Spans SFOBB is a “Skyway” or is a precast concrete segmental 16 viaduct (Figure 9) (3) (20). The politicians wanted the SAS to be in architectural harmony with both the 17 world famous Golden Gate Bridge and the West Suspension Spans of SFOBB. Thus, other more cost 18 effective ABC choices were eliminated and the resulting crossing is complex. Unexpected highly technical 19 specialized issues resulted with the unique complex SAS. FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) and 20 Caltrans risk management practices existed but were not really implemented (8) (11). In the Lessons 21 Learned Report, risk management was required by the California Legislature (Figure 6) (26). Today risk 22 management plus asset management are required for Caltrans projects (7) (14) (15). One complex and 23 highly publicized issue was the bolt failures (16). Caltrans, the bolt fabricator, general contractor, and AGA 24 (American Galvanizing Association) reputations may have been harmed. There were also financial losses 25 due to repairs and retrofit. Caltrans was assigned to deliver an iconic bridge as requested by the politicians. 26 The Golden State Warriors logo is a basketball merged with the graphic silhouette of the SAS (Self 27 Anchoring suspension) bridge. A very vocal group, the cyclists are pleased that the bike-walkway is now 28 open and SFOBB bikeway trails map is online (9). An additional bikeway-pedestrian structure is to be 29 connected to the existing West SFOBB Suspension Spans. Thus, the dream of bikeway - pedestrian crossing Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 11

1 from San Francisco to Oakland could be eventually fulfilled. The very successful seismic retrofit of the 2 West SFOBB Suspension Spans by Caltrans engineers was essentially ignored by the media, and only 3 reported in bridge professional publications (13). The redevelopment of YBI and Treasure Island with new 4 access ramps to I-80, are being planned by the San Francisco Transportation Authority (22). One 5 development goal of the City of San Francisco is more luxury housing and other amenities on YBI and 6 Treasure Island. This may elevate the popularity of SFOBB as people bond with the bridge by walking or 7 bicycling across it, with scenic views of San Francisco Bay. Future mega projects such as “The Southern 8 Crossing” across San Francisco Bay connecting the San Francisco Airport with the Oakland Airport may 9 be constructed within 50 years. Proposed in the 1950s, “The Southern Crossing” is underwater immersed 10 reinforced concrete tubes and bridges to improve vehicular flow in the San Francisco Bay Area. More mass 11 transit infrastructure such as BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) expansion and creation of California High 12 Speed Rail Authority’s infrastructure are ongoing in the San Francisco Bay area. A possible future subway 13 system in San Francisco Bay Area might occur within 50 years. 14

15 16 FIGURE 9: The East Spans SFOBB Lessons Learned Report Cover. Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 12

1 2 3 THE BRIDGE SO FAR: A SUSPENSE STORY DOCUMENTARY 4 5 The East Spans replacement of SFOBB was heavily immersed in politics since being damaged in 1989. 6 The traveling public was unhappy since SFOBB was shut down for about three months after damage due 7 to the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989. In 2006, PECG had decided, with request from Caltrans 8 management to tell their side of the complex issues. Often DOT leadership is unfairly blamed for 100% of 9 the delays in creating a project. Defending a DOT's decisions vs a hostile media and other politicians is 10 very difficult.The employment laws for DOT employees vary greatly from state to state across the USA. 11 Many people are greatly surprised that some mid-level managers at Caltrans are voluntary members of 12 PECG. A Senior Bridge Engineer, Supervisory, was a State PECG president. So PECG hired expert political 13 satirists, cartoonist, animator, and film director to explain in the most entertaining way what had transpired 14 to select the $2 billion SAS (Self Anchoring Suspension) Bridge vs a basic skyway bridge. Thus, a 58- 15 minute documentary “The Bridge So Far: A Suspense Story” was created by PECG (4). This film explains 16 the delays in selecting a signature span. The politicians are interviewed to state their decisions for choosing 17 the signature span. This film won Emmys for Outstanding Achievement in a Documentary and Outstanding 18 Graphics and Animation. Mr. David L. Brown was the director. The film’s animation by Rick Pepper depicts 19 the key issues. Cartoon animation by artist Charlie Canfield portrays key moments in this film. The 20 caricatures and cartoons add humor to the documentary (Figure 10). 21 22 23

24 25 26 FIGURE 10: Caricatures Summarize The East Spans SFOBB Bridge Replacement Political 27 Engineering. 28 29 CONCLUSION 30 Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 13

1 The legislature requires DOTs to manage the design, construction and risk and asset management of 2 freeway and highway systems, including bridges, tunnels, tubes, and other structures (13)(19). Usually, 3 only engineers are interested in risk and asset management and technical issues. Some politicians have 4 eliminated or minimized funding for DOT newsletters and journals that document important management 5 decisions that were made by engineers. The Zampa Bridge documentary is probably the best film by 6 Caltrans because it was made when the economy was robust. A pro-labor Governor Gray Davis allowed 7 this AZMB documentary to be created but only a limited number of AZMB booklets and DVDs were 8 created. Outside groups such as WBES (Western Bridges Engineers Seminar), ASCE (American Society of 9 Civil Engineers) publish important technical and management ideas to assist in asset management of 10 bridges and structures. PECG was created as an advocacy group in 1962, 15 years prior to creation of the 11 collective bargaining law in California. The first PECG movie was made partly because Caltrans engineers 12 were unjustly criticized for decisions made by politicians on the SFOBB East signature span. PECG 13 produced a television quality documentary that has been brocast and viewed by the public to present what 14 had transpired. PECG used professional directors, animators, and artists to have television viewers watch 15 the documentaries in their entirety. Most bridges documentaries are intended for engineers and other fans 16 of technology and infrastructure. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 REFERENCES 24 25 1. Bayol, G, Ney, B., Boal, B. 2003. “Spanning the Carquinez Strait, the Alfred Zampa Memorial 26 Bridge”, Caltrans, California Department of Transportation, [93 pages] 27 2. Birdsall, B. and Crellis, J. , “A Bridge for the 21st Century”, ASCE, Civil Engineering Magazine, Oct 28 1997, pp 68-71 www.asce.org/cemagazine/ 29 3. Bobb, N. and Kolle, G. A., “Bridging the Bay “Public Roads, United States Department of 30 Transportation, Washington D. C. September / October · Vol. 76 · No. 2, 2012 31 https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/12septoct/01.cfm 32 4. Brown, D., 2006, The Bridge So Far A Suspense Story, Professional Engineers in California 33 Government, http://pecg.org/ Sacramento, California February 4,2006, 34 http://www.thebridgesofar.com/ 57 minutes 35 5. Brown, D., 2007, Amazing: The Rebuilding of The MacArthur Maze. Professional Engineers in 36 California Government, http://pecg.org/ Sacramento, California Nov 11,2007, 37 http://www.amazingmaze.org 27 minutes 38 6. Brown, D., 2008, A Span in Time., Professional Engineers in California Government, 39 http://pecg.org/ Sacramento, California 2008, www.aspanintime.org. 26 minutes 40 7. Caltrans DES Project Risk Management Policy, Guidance & Tools, April 17, 2017, 41 http://des.onramp.dot.ca.gov/structure-policy-innovation/des-risk-management 42 8. Caltrans Project Risk Management Handbook Threats and Opportunity, 2nd Edition May 2, 2007, 65 43 pages 44 http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/projmgmt/documents/prmhb/archive/caltrans_project_risk_management_ha 45 ndbook_20070502.pdf 46 9. Caltrans SFOBB Bikeway and Pedestrian Path http://www.baybridgeinfo.org/path

47 10. Chung, P., Wolfe, R. W., Ostrom T., Hida, S., Accelerated Bridge Construction Applications in 48 California- A “Lessons Learned” Report Editors: Caltrans Division of Engineering Service, August, Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 14

1 2008, 59 pages 2 11. Fong, G, et-al, San Francisco- Oakland Bay Bridge Project Peer Review, December 2004, 76 pages 3 http://www.dot.ca.gov/baybridge/PRT_Final%20Report.pdf 4 12. Franklin, A., Wahbeh, M. Speer, D. and Pholl, M. 2007a, A Caltrans led construction team was able 5 to quickly repair a damaged Bay Area Interchange following a major explosion. National Steel Bridge 6 Alliance News- Modern Steel Construction, December 2007: 2 pages. 7 https://www.aisc.org/globalassets/modern-steel/archives/2007/12/2007v12_quick_response.pdf 8 9 13. Huang, C., Copelan, C. Maggenti, R. and Mangus, A. 2011, Award Winning Bridges in California 10 Owned and Designed by Caltrans. Proceedings: ASCE Structures Congress, Las Vegas, Nevada 11 2011, pp. 2971 to 2982 http://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/41171(401)258 12 14. Johnson, M. B., Maintenance Asset Management, The Division of Engineering Services DES, 13 Monthly Education Presentation, Streaming video recording , 59 minutes, January 18, 2017 14 http://des.onramp.dot.ca.gov/des-structure-design/streaming-video-previous-presentations 15 http://svgcstream01.dot.ca.gov/webcast/vod/des/vod_des.asp 16 15. Johnson, M. B., Caltrans Asset Management Organizational Structure in California, 17 [email protected], May 18, 2016 18 http://sites.spypondpartners.com/peerexchanges/201607/PDFs/B3-Mike_Johnson.pdf 19 16. Langhill, T., 2017. “Lessons Learned from the Bay Bridge Bolt Failure”, Structure Magazine, A joint 20 Publication of NCSEA – CASE- SEI February , 2017, pp 10 – 12 21 http://www.structuremag.org/?p=11041 22 17. Marquez, M., Orsolini, G,, Ketchum, M. A. and Spoth, T., “Suspension Solution”, ASCE, Civil 23 Engineering Magazine, June 2000, pp 60-65 www.asce.org/cemagazine/

24 18. Mangus, A. R, Kaderabek, G., Lee S. J. “Four California ABC Case Histories Describing Equipment, 25 Techniques, Means and Methods Used to Move Superstructures Via Land”, International Bridge 26 Conference, IBC17-25, June 5-8, 2017 https://eswp.com/wp- 27 content/uploads/IBC17PrelimBrochureWeb.pdf 28 19. Mistry, V and Mangus A. (2006). “Get In, Stay In, Get Out, Stay Out “Public Roads, United States 29 Department of Transportation, Washington D. C. November / December · Vol. 70 · No. 3 30 https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/06nov/01.cfm 31 20. Nader, M. and Maroney B., 2007. “One of a Kind Design, The New San Francisco Oakland Bay 32 Bridge”, Structure Magazine, A joint Publication of NCSEA – CASE- SEI October , 2007, pp 25 – 33 33 http://www.structuremag.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/F-SFOB-NaderMaroney-Oct071.pdf 34 21. Picker, S., Mangus, A., Alfred Zampa Memorial Steel Suspension Bridge, 2003 California USA: A 35 Fitting Legacy for Iron Workers. Steel Tips News- Structural Steel Educational Council, September 36 2006: 70 pages. http://www.steeltips.org/steeltips/tip_details.php?id=95 37 22. San Francisco County Transportation Authority “New Yerba Buena Island Ramps to Open in the Fall 38 of 2016” 39 http://www.sfcta.org/sites/default/files/content/CapitalProjects/YBI_ramps_web_downloads/YBI_Eas 40 t-side_ramps_opening_080416.pdf 41 23. Schatzmann, Richard and Boal, Brian, Caltrans .2004, “Spanning the Carquinez Strait - The Alfred 42 Zampa Memorial Bridge”, Video, 33 minutes, Caltrans, California Department of Transportation 43 Sacramento, CA. (This video either VHS or DVD format can be purchased by e-mailing 44 [email protected]) Kaderabek, Lee, Mangus 15

1 24. Turner, M. 2007, “An A-maze-ing Feat" Rapid Response and 3D Laser Scanning Technology Aid 2 the Rebuilding of California's MacArthur Maze Interchange, Point of Beginning, 3 www.pobonline.com January 2008: Pages 26-29. 4 25. Wilson, B., 2007, Bay Bedlam: Fire wipes out critical section; crews work to reopen route. Roads and 5 Bridges, 46 (6): 10-10 6 26. Wang, K., Watson, J., Jong, K., Nadell, B., Ney, B. San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge New East 7 Span Project – Lessons Learned Report, Final report dated May 29, 2014 , 128 pages 8 http://stran.senate.ca.gov/sites/stran.senate.ca.gov/files/Final_Rpt- 9 SFOBB_LessonsLearned_May2014.pdf 10