ARE KNUDSEN MICHAEL KERR (Editors)

Lebanon After the Cedar Revolution

HURST & COMPANY, First published in the United Kingdom in 2012 by C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 41 Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3PL © Are Knudsen and Michael Kerr, 2012 All rights reserved. Printed in India The right of Are Knusden and Michael Kerr and the Contributors to be identified as the author of this publication is asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. A Cataloguing-in-Publication data record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-84904-249-9 www.hurstpublishers.com This book is printed on paper from registered sustainable and managed sources. CONTENTS

Note on transliteration vii Acknowledgements Are Knudsen and Michael Kerr ix Author Biographies xi Foreword Augustus R. Norton xv

PART I FOREIGN INTERVENTION, HEGEMONY AND CONSOCIATIONALISM

1. Introduction: The Cedar Revolution And Beyond Are Knudsen and Michael Kerr 3 2. Before the Revolution Michael Kerr 23 3. The Limits Of Corporate Consociation: Taif and the Crisis of Power-Sharing in Since 2005 Amal Hamdan 39

PART II , SECURITY AND VIOLENCE 4. Foreign Interventions, Power Sharing and the Dynamics of Conflict and Coexistence in Lebanon Marie-Joëlle Zahar 63 5. Lebanon in Search of Sovereignty: Post-2005 Security Dilemmas Élizabeth Picard 83 6. Enclaves and Fortressed Archipelago: Violence and Governance in Lebanon’s Palestinian Refugee Camps Sari Hanafi 105

v CONTENTS PART III ENTREPRENEURS, STATESMEN AND MARTYRS 7. The ‘New Contractor Bourgeoisie’ in Lebanese Politics: Hariri, Mikati and Fares Hannes Baumann 125 8. The Reconstruction of Lebanon or the Racketeering Rule Fabrice Balanche 145 9. The Making of a Martyr: Forging Rafik Hariri’s Symbolic Legacy Ward Vloeberghs 163

PART IV TRUTH, COEXISTENCE AND JUSTICE 10. ‘History’ and ‘Memory’ in Lebanon Since 2005: Blind Spots, Emotional Archives and Historiographic Challenges Sune Haugbolle 185 11. Sects and the City: Socio-Spatial Perceptions and Practices of Youth in Nasser Yassin 203 12. Special Tribunal for Lebanon: Homage to Hariri? Are Knudsen 219

Notes 235 Bibliography 283 Index 301

vi