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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,697,956 B1 Helms (45) Date of Patent: Apr

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,697,956 B1 Helms (45) Date of Patent: Apr USOO8697956B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,697,956 B1 Helms (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 15, 2014 (54) OAT CULTIVAR ROMAR-07 (58) Field of Classi?cation Search None (76) Inventor: Ronnie Sloan Helms, Stuttgart, AR (US) see application ?le for complete seafCh hiSIOI'Y ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Primary Examiner * Russell Kallis_ _ patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (74) AllorneyAgenl, orFirm * Smlth Hurst PLC; Meredlth U.S.C. 154(b) by 9 days. K- Lowry (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl.No.: 13/372,070 A novel oat cultivar, designated ROMAR-07, is disclosed. (22) Filed: Feb. 13, 2012 The invention relates to the seeds of oat cultivar ROMAR-07, to the plants of oat ROMAR-07 and to methods for producing a oat plant produced by crossing the cultivar ROMAR-07 (51) Int- Cl- With itself or another oat variety. The invention further relates A01H 5/00 (2006-01) to hybrid oat seeds and plants produced by crossing the cul A01H 5/10 (200601) tivar ROMAR-07 With another oat cultivar. (52) US. Cl. USPC ......................................... .. 800/320; 800/260 8 Claims, No Drawings US 8,697,956 B1 1 2 OAT CULTIVAR ROMAR-07 (e.g., Fl hybrid cultivar, pureline cultivar, etc.). For highly heritable traits, a choice of superior individual plants evalu CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED ated at a single location will be effective, whereas for traits APPLICATIONS with low heritability, selection should be based on mean values obtained from replicated evaluations of families of Not Applicable. related plants. Popular selection methods commonly include pedigree selection, modi?ed pedigree selection, mass selec STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY tion, and recurrent selection, or a combination of these meth SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT ods. The complexity of inheritance in?uences choice of the Not Applicable. breeding method. Various recurrent selection techniques were used to improve quantitatively inherited traits controlled REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX by numerous genes. The use of recurrent selection in self pollinating crops depends on the ease of pollination, the fre Not Applicable. quency of successful hybrids from each pollination, and the number of hybrid offspring from each successful cross. RESERVATION OF RIGHTS Each breeding program should include a periodic, objec tive evaluation of the e?iciency of the breeding procedure. A portion of the disclosure of this patent document con Evaluation criteria vary depending on the goal and objectives, tains material which is subject to intellectual property rights 20 overall value of the advanced breeding lines, and number of such as but not limited to copyright, trademark, and/or trade successful cultivars produced per unit of input. dress protection. The owner has no objection to the facsimile Promising advanced breeding lines are tested and com reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent pared to appropriate standards in environments representative disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark O?ice of the target area. The best lines are candidates for new patent ?les or records but otherwise reserves all rights what 25 commercial cultivars; those still de?cient in a few traits may soever. be used as parents to produce new populations for further selection. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Development of new cultivars is a time-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, ef?cient use of The present invention relates to a new and distinctive oat 30 resources, and a minimum of changes in direction. cultivar, designated Romar-07 The term “oat” is applied to One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its various grassy crops whose seeds are harvested for human performance relative to other cultivars. If a single observation food or animal feed. is inconclusive, replicated observations provide a better esti Oats are a cool-season cereal grain that are highly preferred mate of its genetic worth. by deer. During the ?rst months of growth, typical oat vari 35 The goal of plant breeding is to develop new, unique and eties are high in protein (14% to 18% protein) and easily superior oat cultivars and hybrids. The breeder initially digestible. In most cases, deer prefer oats over the other cereal selects and crosses two or more parental lines, followed by grains. Oats are most often used in fall-planted hunting plots self-pollination and selection, producing many new genetic to attract deer. combinations. The breeder has no direct control at the cellular Oats include ten to ?fteen species in generaAvena. Oats are 40 level; therefore, two breeders will not develop the same line, native to Europe, Asia and northwest Africa. All oats have or even very similar lines, having the exact same traits. edible seeds, though they are small and hard to harvest in most The cultivars which are developed are unpredictable. This species. The most important cultivated species of oats are unpredictability is because the breeder’s selection occurs in common oat (Avena saliva), Abyssinian oat (Avena abys unique environments, with no control at the DNA level (using sinica), naked or hullless oats (Avena nuda), and lopsided oat 45 conventional breeding procedures), and with millions of dif (Avena slrigosa). ferent possible genetic combinations being generated. A The present invention relates to Avena saliva, commonly breeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the ?nal known as common oat. Avena saliva has many varietal types, resulting lines he develops, except possibly in a very gross including variety type Avena saliva var. Bob which is recog and general fashion. The same breeder cannot produce the nized as having a higher yield than either parent, heavier test 50 same cultivar twice by using the exact same original parents weight, better crown rust resistance, shorter plant height, and the same selection techniques. This unpredictability higher protein yield, and intermediate winter hardiness. results in the expenditure of large amounts of research monies There are numerous steps in the development of any novel, to develop superior new oat cultivars. desirable plant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with the Pedigree breeding is used commonly for the improvement analysis and de?nition of problems and weaknesses of the 55 of self-pollinating crops. Two parents which possess favor current gerrnplasm, the establishment of program goals, and able, complementary traits are crossed to produce an F1 . An the de?nition of speci?c breeding objectives. The next step is F2 population is produced by sel?ng one or several Fl’s. selection of germplasm that possess the traits to meet the Selection of the best individuals may begin in the F2 popula program goals. The goal is to combine in a single variety an tion; then, beginning in the F3, the best individuals in the best improved combination of desirable traits from the parental 60 families are selected. Replicated testing of families can begin germplasm. These important traits may include higher seed in the F4 generation to improve the effectiveness of selection yield, resistance to diseases and insects, better stems and for traits with low heritability. At an advanced stage of roots, tolerance to low temperatures, and better agronomic inbreeding (i.e., F6 and F7), the best lines or mixtures of characteristics on grain quality. phenotypically similar lines are tested for potential release as Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the 65 new cultivars. mode of plant reproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) Mass and recurrent selections can be used to improve being improved, and the type of cultivar used commercially populations of either self- or cross-pollinating crops. A US 8,697,956 B1 3 4 genetically variable population of heterozygous individuals Plant Height. Plant height is taken from the top of soil to top is either identi?ed or created by intercrossing several differ of node of the plant and is measured in centimeters. ent parents. The best plants are selected based on individual GrainYield. Grain yield is measured in pounds per acre of superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellent combining harvested seed. ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a new Grain Length (L). Length of a oat grain is measured in population in which further cycles of selection are continued. millimeters. In a multiple-seed procedure, oat breeders commonly har 100 Grain Wt. The weight of 100 oat grains as measured in vest one or more seeds from each plant in a population and grams. thresh them together to form a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to Essentially all the physiological and morphological char plant the next generation and part is put in reserve. The acteristics. A plant having essentially all the physiological procedure has been referred to as modi?ed single-seed and morphological characteristics means a plant having the descent or the pod-bulk technique. physiological and morphological characteristics, except for the characteristics derived from the converted gene. The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at Regeneration. Regeneration refers to the development of a harvest. It is considerably faster to thresh panicles with a plant from tissue culture. machine than to remove one seed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seed procedure also DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds of a population each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are Oat cultivar Romar-07 is a high yielding, shorter plant harvested to make up for those plants that did not germinate or 20 height oat variety that was evaluated from 2007-2010. produce seed. The cultivar has shown uniformity and stability, as Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish described in the following variety description information. It the level of superiority or improvement over current cultivars.
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