Knowledge Organiser – Year 8 Topic One: The Stuarts and The Civil War Timeline Of Key Events Key Words

1603 King James I becomes King of Stuarts The royal dynasty that ruled from 1603 to 1714. England Gunpowder Plot An attempt, led by Catholics, to assassinate King James I and blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605. The Plot 1605 The Gunpowder Plot takes place was discovered and put down before it was able to take place.

1611 King James I publishes his bible Divine Right of Kings The theory that a monarch is appointed by God and should have absolute power.

1625 King Charles I becomes King of Catholics The Catholic Church is the branch of the Christian Church that accepts the Pope as its leader. England Protestants A Protestant is a Christian who belongs to the branch of the Christian church which separated from 1629 Charles I dissolves parliament and the Catholic church in the sixteenth century. doesn’t call another one for 11 years, this is known as the Puritans A group of radical Protestants who wore plain clothing and tried to live without sin ‘Personal Rule’ Familiar A demon supposedly attending and obeying a witch, often said to assume the form of an animal. 1640 Charles I is forced to recall parliament to help pay for a war Witch Trial An investigation carried out to work out if a person was a witch. against . Royalist Those who are loyal to the king, often during a dispute with Parliament 1642 The English Civil War breaks out Parliamentarian Those who are loyal to Parliament, often during a dispute with the king 1642 The Battle of Edgehill Roundheads The nickname for Parliamentarian soldiers during the English Civil War 1644 The Battle of Marston Moor Cavaliers The nickname for Royalist cavalrymen during the English Civil War 1645 The Battle of Naseby New Model Army Created in 1645 by Parliament as it felt that a professional army would be more successful against the king's army. 1646 Charles I surrenders to the Scots Civil War A series of civil wars between Parliamentarians and Royalists over who governed England. 1648 Parliament wins the Civil War Presbyterianism A strong form of Protestantism that took root in Scotland following the Reformation 1649 The trial and execution of King Charles I Long Parliament A Parliament which met, on and off, from 1640–1660

Key People/Groups King James I The first Stuart King of England. Was also King James VI of Scotland. A devout Protestant, he was the intended victim of the Gunpowder Plot.

Guy Fawkes A soldier and explosives expert. Caught in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament preparing to blow up the Houses of Parliament. Was hung, drawn and quartered. Robert Catesby The leader of the Gunpowder Plot. Led 12 Catholic men in a plot to kill King James I.

Matthew Hopkins The Witchfinder General. He was responsible for the execution of nearly 300 apparent witches in East Anglia between 1644-46

Parliament Fell out with Charles I over the way he ran the country, eventually this led the outbreak of the English Civil War between the two.

King Charles I The second Stuart King of England. His actions and beliefs led to the outbreak of the English Civil War against Parliament.

Prince Rupert Nephew of Charles I, was a successful soldier for the Royalists/Cavaliers. Knowledge Organiser – Year 8 Topic Two: Changes to British rule Timeline Of Key Events Key People/Groups Key Words

1649 England is declared a Oliver A member of Parliament who set up the Republic The name given to a country without a monarch. Commonwealth, led by Oliver Cromwell New Model Army. He then became Lord England’s republic was called the Commonwealth. Cromwell. Protector of England until his death in 1658. Also famous for banning Lord Protector The head of state during the Commonwealth. 1649 Cromwell invades Ireland and is Christmas. responsible for the death of The Merry The nickname given to King Charles II. thousands of people. General An English soldier, who was a key figure Monarch Monck in the Restoration of Charles II. 1653 Cromwell is named Lord Protector of The Restoration The return of a monarch to the throne. England. King The King of England after the Great Plague A disease that affects humans and other mammals. Charles II Restoration. Was known as the Merry 1658 Oliver Cromwell dies. He is replaced Monarch. Miasma The belief that bad air made people ill. by his son, Richard. Samuel Famously kept a diary between 1660- Bubonic The most common form of plague in humans, 1660 Charles II signs the Declaration of Pepys 1669 recording key events such as the characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation Breda, a series of promises he will Great Plague and the Great Fire of of buboes. follow as king. London. Glorious The overthrow of the Catholic king James II, who was 1660 Charles II is crowned King, beginning King James Brother of Charles II. A Catholic Revolution replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her the Restoration. II monarch who was removed from the Dutch husband, William of Orange in 1688. 1665 The Great Plague arrives in London, throne during the Glorious Revolution Great Seal A unique seal pressed onto wax used to show it kills around a fifth of the by William III and Mary II. documents from a monarch. population. William III A prince from the Netherlands, from Bill of Rights The Bill limits the powers of the king and queen. 1666 The Great Fire of London occurs the House of Orange. Replaced James II as part of the Glorious Revolution. Act of A law passed in 1701 ensuring that a Protestant 1685 James II is named the new King of Married to Mary II. Settlement would succeed Queen Anne. England Mary II Daughter of James II. Replaced her Act of Union A law which united England and Scotland in 1707, 1688 The Glorious Revolution. William III father in the Glorious Revolution. creating . and Mary II replace James II as king. Married to William III. The nickname for the flag of Great Britain. 1689 The Bill of Rights is signed. Robert The first British Prime Minister. Had Walpole been the MP for King’s Lynn Hanoverians Royal family that ruled England from 1714-1837. 1701 Parliament passes the Act of beforehand. Succession. House of The ‘lower house’ in Parliament, where seats go to Bonnie The last Stuart claimant to the throne, Commons MPs elected by the people. 1707 Parliament passes the Act of Union Prince and leader of a failed rebellion in 1745. The ‘upper house’ in Parliament, where seats are 1721 Robert Walpole becomes the first Charlie inherited by peerage. ‘Prime Minister’ of Great Britain. George I The first Hanoverian King of England, a Prime Minister The most senior post in the British government. 1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie leads the first former minor German prince. Jacobite uprising. Jacobites Supporters of the Stuart claim to the Uprisings An act of rebellion or revolt. throne. 1746 The Battle of Culloden. The Clans Ancient family from the Highlands of Scotland. Jacobite's are defeated