6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65

Cambridge University Press 0521822211 - In the Shadow of the Rising Sun: Shanghai under Japanese Occupation Edited by Christian Henriot and Wen-hsin Yeh Index More information

Index

abortion,310 Association for Worker Welfare Academia Sinica (Zhongyang yanjiu (Fuyihui),215–16,219,221 yuan),76–77 Association of Shanghai Industrialists advertising: false,291; medical,83–84, (Shanghai gongye tongzhihui),27n37 291,291n54; radio,11,280,282, Association of Shanghai Pharmaceutical 290–91; in Shanghai funü,306 Manufacturers (Shanghaishi zhiyao Alcott,Carroll,287,287n32 changye tongye gonghui),72 Alliance fran¸caise,265 Aurore University,271 Alliance of the New Medicine Trade and the Pharmaceutical Industry (Xinyaoye Badlands,224n37,234. See also zhiyaoye lianhehui),72n11 extrasettlement road area Allies,strategy of,200 Bai Wei,343 All-Shanghai Federation for the Support Baillie,Paul,270,270n27 of Armed Resistance,283–84,287, Bangkok,70 298 Bankers’ Guild,163 alum,129 banking,47,68,74,194,203 Archives of the Self-Defense Research Banking Study Society (Yinhang Institute (Tokyo),157n1 xuehui),40n111 Arnhold,Harry,231,252 Bank of China,54,74,203 Asano Kazuwo,292–93,294,296 Bank of Communications,203 Asia Development Board,30,34n79,246 Banyue (Half Moon bi-weekly),334 assassination: attempts on British Baoding Military Academy,161 officials,244; of collaborators,197, Baodong,131 235; of communist targets,97; of Lu baojia system: instituted by Great Way Bohong,52; of Mao Liying,99–100; Government,179; in model peace reported on radio,287n32; of Shao zones,141–42; mentioned,250; and Shubai,211; threats of,to Great Way rice supplies,121n24,127; in the Government personnel,178–79; wars, Western District,173n30 98,116,142 Baoshan: counterinsurgency activities in, Associated American Industries,Ltd.,53 142n129; and Great Way Government Association for the Chinese Labor jurisdiction,170; pacification teams in, Movement (Zhongguo gongren 160,160n2,174; self-government yundong xiehui),219 committees,174

363

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521822211 - In the Shadow of the Rising Sun: Shanghai under Japanese Occupation Edited by Christian Henriot and Wen-hsin Yeh Index More information

Index

Baowei Zhongguo datongmeng (Protect Bougon,266 China Alliance),107 boundary zones,128–130 Ba qian li lu yun he yue (Eight thousand Bourdieu,Pierre,110n38 miles of clouds and moon; Shi Bourne,K. M.,241,247 Dongshan),346,348 bowing,119 Barnett,Robert,18 bribery,29,84,104–5,130 Barrett,E. I. M.,233n6 Bridge House,252 Basic Treaty,197 Brionval,Henri,269 Bataillon mixte d’infanterie coloniale de British businesses: and collaboration,9, Chinese,265 242; engaged in black market trade, Bataillon Supplétif Tonkinois,265,271 253–54; taken over by Japanese,246; Battle for Shanghai (1937),119,193, transnationals,230,240; after the war, 205,257,318 253–54 Battle of the Muddy Flat,234 British diplomats,229,231–32 BAT tobacco union,220,220n26,220n27 British Foreign Office,232,238–39,246, Baudez,Marcel,262 251,253 Bayer,76n20 British intelligence,238 beans,126 British land forces,198 Beijing,70,158–59,263 British settlers. See Shanghailanders Beiping-Suiyuan Railway,132 broadcasting industry. See radio Beiqiao,170 Broadcast Radio Supervisory Office Benton,Gregor,110–11 (Guangbo wuxiandian jiandu chu),292 Bernez Cambot caserne,265 Brook,Timothy,262 Bian Qini,334n14 brothels,250 Bing Xin,332,342,343 Buddhism,162 birth control,314 building materials,30n59 black market: British businessmen and, Bureau of Military Statistics. See Juntong 253–54; and food shortages,11; for Bureau of Social Affairs,24,210; gold,stocks,bonds,and cotton futures, puppet,123,181,220 120; in grain,121,122; used by small Bureau of Statistics and Investigation workshops,42; in supply of goods to (Zhongtong),100,194 Communist base areas,102; under business barometer,26 Wang Jingwei regime,37. See also Butterfield and Swire,242 smuggling blockade: American-led,of 1941,245; of cafés,124 Fujian and Zhejiang,29n51,35; as Cai Chusheng,346,348 literary metaphor,326; mentioned,2, Cai Hongtian,189,190,199 27,34,41,92 Cai Lian,24n31 Blue Shirts,179,224 calendar,169–70 boat captains,93,94,101. See also Calico Printers’ Association,235n17 shipping Cameron,George,252 de Boissézon,267 Canidrome,265n12,271 bombing: of Great World Theater, 2, 3;of Canton,French concession in,264 Japan,118n7; of Pudong, 303;of Cao Da,101n20,102,108 Shenxin mills,50; in Zhabei,21 Cao Mengjun,309n16 bookstores,85,92 Caojin District Maintenance Committee, Borneo,38n98 173n30

364

Index

capital,4,29,41. See also Chinese 332; Leo Lee on,327n4; media capitalists promotion of,337; “Qi duan qing cartoons,83,83n44,86,280–81, 281 chang” by,325–26; roundable talks, Catalogue of Superior Medicines from 342,342n30,342n32; and Su Qing, Star Brand,80n33 340–41,342–44; and Zhou Shoujuan, Cattand,George,267 332,332n13 CC Clique: defections to Wang Jingwei, Changshu county,141 189–90,198–99; and the Guomindang charitable institutions fund,265, underground,188–190,212; and labor, 265n12 210,220,220–21n27,222,226; chemical industry,22,39,121 protected New Asia’s distribution Chen Baohua,200 network,73,74; and the Shanghai Chen Bulei,200 United Committee,207 Chen Cunren,149 censorship: in the International Chen Diexian (Tianxu Wosheng),83 Settlement,3,237; of newspapers and Chen Dieyi,329,330,330n9,331,333, periodicals,13,306–7; of radio 337n21 broadcasts,282,292,297 Chen Fanwo,280n2 Central Bank,134,203 Chen Gongbo: as mayor of Shanghai,7, Central China Area Army (CCAA; Naka 184,197,257–58,267; mentioned, Shina h¯omengun),158,159–61,183 188,219,220 Central China Base (Huazhong genjudi), Chen Gongshu,198 92,96,111–12; defined,90–91n2,95. Chen Guofu,189,200 See also New Fourth Army Chen Lifu,189,190,200,201 Central China Commission for Control of Chen Liting,346,347 Medicine (Huazhong yiyaopin tongzhi Chen Peide,220,220n27 lianhehui),72 Chen Xiaodi,223n34 Central China Development Company, Chen Xingsheng,102–3 30n58 Chen Xishun,173n30 Central China Liaison Bureau,30n58 Chen Xiupu,218 Central Institute for Medical Testing,76 Chen Yi,106,107 Central News Agency,285 Cheng Helin,102–3 Central Plains Bureau (Communist),106 Cheng Jihua,360n14 Central Relief Commission Cheng Muyi,76 (Guomindang),193 Cheng Xiaoqing,330,332 Central Savings Bank,194 Cheng Yuzhen,332,333 Cercle Sportif,265,267 Chesneaux,Jean,227,227n45 cereals,126 Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi): and the CFTE (Compagnie Fran¸caisedes cross-zone cotton trade,205; and Dai Tramways et de l’électricité): Li,135–36; and the Guomindang employees of,222n32,225n41; 1940 underground in Shanghai,190; and strike,209,222–23,227; after 1945, labor,219–20; mentioned,107,141, 272–73 158,261; ordered execution of Feng Chamber of Commerce,163,184 Ti,133; sought defections from Wang Chang she,219 Jingwei regime,195,196; and T. V. Chang,Eileen (Zhang Ailing): and the Soong,133n86; and Wang Jingwei, feminization of print culture,12; 188,192,200,201 “Fengsuo” by,326; first short story, “China Incident,” 158

365

Index

China Industrial Bank (Zhongguo gongye used social relations in operations, yinhang),74 106; writers and playwrights in,305n4, China Industry and Commerce Trust 347. See also Central China Base Company (Zhonghua shiye xintuo Area; New Fourth Army gongsi),202 Chinese medicine,79 China Maritime Customs,131 Chizhi College,161 China Mutual Aid Association,162, Chongming,160n2,170 162n11 Chongqing: as center of journalism and China Printing and Finishing Company culture,86,347; government,187–88, (CPF): after the Japanese defeat,254; 200,202; New Asia Pharmaceutical 1939 strike at,216,236–37,245; Company offices in,69–70; and relations with the Japanese,235, Shanghai economy,4,5. See also 245; relations with Pudong puppets, Guomindang 242; taken over by Japanese,246 Chu Minyi,57–58,72–73,77n25,267 China Vegetable Oil Company,74 Chuansha county: and Great Way China Vocational Education Society Government jurisdiction,170; guerrilla (Zhonghua zhiye jiaoyu she), attacks on,179; merchant strikes in, 194 180; pacification team in,159n2; China Weekly Review,27n36, representatives of fishing population 30n58 in,175; self-government committee in, Chinese capitalists: adaptability of,65; 176; town councils in,173n31 business organization,48,55; Chun’an: entrepôt for cotton trade,203, collaboration with Japan,9,31,60; 204; headquarters for Loyal and denounced in People’s Republic of Patriotic National Salvation Army China,68n4; financial and investment inspection group,206 companies,40,40n111; “idle capital,” Chunqiu yuekan (Spring and autumn 29,40,40n112; before 1941,47–48; monthly),332 relocation to foreign concessions,47; cigarettes,119,122 relocation to Hong Kong,29,31; civil war,7,13 retreat to interior,47; and the Shanghai Clarke,W. G.,233n6 United Committee,193. See also Rong Classic of Rites (Li ji),166–67,169 family; Xu Guanqun clerical workers,91n4 Chinese Communist Party: development clothing,128n58 of wartime rural base,91; economic coal,38,38n98,121,123,129,235 role assigned to Shanghai after 1949, Coble,Parks M.,32,282 149; fund-raising for New Fourth Cochran,Sherman,37n95 Army,97,99; in Hong Kong,73; collaboration: by British businessmen,9, Jiangsu Provincial Committee,95; and 242; in France,6,7; ideology of,169; labor,212,215,219,219n25; public versus resistance,6–7,350,359; by activity in Shanghai,97; purchase of Rong family,10,32,51–53,60,63,65; controlled commodities,5; and and Shanghai capitalists,9–10,31; and relations between Chongqing and Western colonialism,8; and women’s puppets,207; recruitment by,91n4, pursuit of daily life,322–23; workers’ 106; and Shanghai funü,304–5; lack of support for,8–9. See also Shanghai underground,91,96–97, collaborators; Great Way Government; 100–101,106,304–5; strategy of Reformed Government; Wang Jingwei caution during occupation,307n12; regime

366

Index

collaborators: assassinations of,4,52, cotton: futures,120; imports of,34n81, 197,235; denounced by Communists, 235; Japanese policy on,34; from 68n4,305n4; in Liren xing,349,355, occupied China,121,129; price of,30, 356; on radio,288n36; on Shanghai 63,143; shortage of,203; trade Municipal Council,71; terrorist between Shanghai and Chongqing, activites by,4; took bribes from 203–5. See also cotton mills communists,104–5; women as,321 Cotton Control Commission (puppet),60, colonialism,Western,8. See also treaty 63,64 port system cotton mills: British,235–36; economic comedy,289–90,299 recovery in,26,27,28,30; Japanese, Commerce Control Commission 23,23n21,177; under Japanese (Quanguo shangye tongzhi zonghui), military control,32,32n66; raw 63,64 materials for,34,60,62–63,130,235; Commercial Bank of China,199 war damage to,21,22–23,22–23n20, Commercial Press (Shangwu 25. See also China Printing and yinshuguan),23,144 Finishing Company; textile industry commercials (radio),290–91 Cotton Yarn and Cloth Regulation Committee for Popular Movements,221 Bureau (Shabu guanliju),203,204 communications: between Chongqing counterfeiting,134 and Shanghai,199; under Guomindang CPF. See China Printing and Finishing Military Affairs Commission,137; Company under Japanese occupation,118; cultural organizations,Nationalist,347 between New Fourth Army and Cultural Revolution,347,350 Shanghai,92 culture,ruralization of,68,85–86 Communications Inspection Bureau currency: and foreign exchange,35n82, (Jiaotong jiancha ju),133 241; instability of,30–31,36,36n87; communists. See Chinese Communist military scrip,30; puppet,35n82,55, Party 124–25; reform of March 9,1942,125; Compagnie Fran¸caisedes Tramways et Shanghai United Committee and,195 de l’électricité. See CFTE conductors. See CFTE Dachang,170 confiscation: of Chinese flour mills, Dadao government. See Great Way 51–52; of factories,46; from Shanghai Government enterprises,31,31n65; of U.S. and Da gong bao,284; home supplements to, British firms,36–37,37n89 335 controlled economy,6,11,37,217 Dai Li: agents of,211n6; and cross-zone cooking oil,121 trade,202; and defections from Wang cooperative industrial movement,321 Jingwei regime,195; and Du Cornet,Christine,230 Yuesheng,193; and the Freight Cosme,Henri: and French municipal Transport Regulation Office,203,204; employees,268,270,272; and French and guerrilla fighters recruited from policy toward China,262,263,264; the Green Gang,138; and Kong mentioned,267; and Russian Xiangxi,134n91,135; and the Loyal employees in French Concession, and Patriotic National Salvation Army, 265n15; viewed as supporter of Vichy 205–6; and SACO,206; and the policy,268 Shanghai United Committee,191; cost of living,39–40,211–12 and smuggling prevention,132–37,

367

Index

DaiLi(cont.) the cotton industry,203–4; and 134n91,202; threat to Great Way cross-zone trade,202; and defections Government,179; and the Tongji from Wang Jingwei regime,195–96; Company,203; U.S. view of,136; and exile in Hong Kong,71,187; influence Wu Kaixian,201 of,193; and labor,190,210,217,220, Dajia yuekan (Everybody monthly), 223n34; and leadership of Shanghai 337n21 Guomindang branch,189; and the Da Mei wanbao (Shanghai Evening Post Loyal and Patriotic National Salvation and Mercury),32n66,325,325n1 Army,205–6; and narcotics trafficking, Daminhui (Great People’s Association), 202; and peace discussions,200; radio 216,218,236,244 speech by,285; and Shanghai banks, Dangde shenghuo (Party Life),215 74; and the Shanghai United Daoism,162 Committee,191,192,193,199,201, Dauphiné,269n22 208; Xu Guanqun’s association with, defections: of aides to Wang Jingwei, 71. See also Green Gang 195–96; of Chongqing agents in Duan Hongguang,204 Shanghai,198; to puppet forces,206; Duan Qirui,204 Shanghai United Committee and,207; Duban Shanghai shi gongshu (Shanghai to Wang Jingwei regime,189–90 Municipal Commission),183 department stores,31 dyeing industry: destroyed plants,22,23; Des Courtils,Louis,269,270 economic recovery in,27,28; growth Ding Fubao,79,334n15 in,29n51; index of industrial Ding Ling,305n4,342 production,28; in New Asia Enterprise Ding Mocun: and the Committee for Group,68; smuggling in,129,131 Popular Movements,222; and labor, 211; offered reward for Shanghai East Asian Anti-Communist League, United Committee members,195, 179n48 195n25; and the Social Movement Eastman,Lloyd,85,104n27,201 Steering Committee,123,220,221 economy: command,5,34n80; Ding Song,83 controlled,6,11,37,217; decline of Ding Xishan,206 1941 to 1945,35–41; in the foreign “divided city,” 46 concessions,5; monopolistic policies Doctrine of the Mean,165 of Japan,5,18,34,37,40,41,42; Doihara Kenji,211 regional,17; revival of 1938–1939,4, Domestic Bliss (Xingfu),336 11,26–27,28–29,34–35,212n9, domesticity: and the public identity of Su 235–36; wartime,4–5 Qing,344; during wartime,12,337; Eden,Anthony,246 and women’s print culture,328,333, eggs,123 344; and women’s role in society, Eighth Army (Guomindang),135 308n14. See also home journals Eighth Route Army,110,111 Donghai (Jiangsu),124 Eighth Route Army Office (Shanghai), Dongshan (Jiangsu),124 97,305 Dongwu University,333 electrical power,36–38,38n99,123 dramatists,86,347 Eli Lilly,76n20 Du Yuesheng: association with the embezzlement,287,287n34 Guomindang,187; British businesses Emile Bertin,274 and,242; and the CC Clique,190; and Employees’ Circle,225,225n41

368

Index

Endurance Club (Hengshe),190,193, famine relief,319n51 199,202,203,219; Chun’an branch, Fan Caizong,210 206 Fan Jugao,340n27 epidemics,314 Fan Yanqiao,83n42 escort trips,to New Fourth Army base Fan Yifeng,220,222 areas,101 Fan Yuzhang,224 European war,35,198,237,240,242 Fang Guofeng,101 Executive Yuan,191,192 Fano,Pierre,269n22 extrasettlement road area (International Farmers’ Bank,203 Settlement): ambiguous status of, Faure,David,48 32–33n71; Badlands situation,234; Feng Jiao,291n54 conflict over sovereignty,50,233; Feng Shaobai,106–7 factories in,27,32–34; policing of, Feng Ti,133 198 Feng Xuefeng,106 extraterritoriality: abolition of,229,251, Fengxian,159n2,170 258; and British and American Fengyu tan (Chats of winds and rains), neutrality,2; and Chinese-French 339,339n24 treaty of 1946,274; French and,257, Ferguson,Dorothy,252 258,268; and Japanese invasion,240; ferry tax,180 renunciation of,in 1943,263 fertilizer,143,146 Fessenden,Sterling,232–33,233n6 fabi. See currency Fiction Monthly (Xiaoshuo yuebao), factories: Chinese-owned,24–25; 332 confiscation of,31–32,31n61,46,64; filial piety,80–81 and cooperative industrial movement, film actors,338n22,347 321; decrease in,from 1937 to 1942, films,299,346. See also Liren xing 38–39; distribution of,21–22; during financial companies,40–41 economic recovery 27–28; in the firewood,123 International Settlement,21,22,36, five Lius,212,212n11 64; Japanese,27,27n37,31n65; fixers (lulutong),66–67,68,85,86–87; migration of,from surrounding defined,66 provinces,41; moved to inland fleeing Shanghai, 117 provinces,25; in North China,30n56; floods,146 opened in February 1939,33n73; in flour mills: economic recovery and,26, operation in 1943 and 1944,39; raw 29; and export of flour from Shanghai, materials for,34–35; replaced by small 126n46; in Jiangsu prewar,124; lack of workshops,42; war damage to,22–25, electricity for,123; number of flour 25n32,64; in western Shanghai, grinders in Rong mills,50n7; 32–34,42; in Yangshupu,21 production of,28; sources of wheat, factory workers,28,313. See also textile 59; war damage to,21,22,23,49–50. workers See also Fuxin flour mills; Maoxin Fain,Baron G.,272 flour mills Family Annual (Jiating niankan),334, flour stores,120n18 334n15 flu,128 family firms,48–49,59,65 food shortages,11,39n105,116,316, family ties,107,108n35 318; in film Liren xing,350; and famine,in Indochina,126 surpluses,146–48

369

Index

foreign concessions: abolition of,229, Chinese personnel of,265; Chinese 251,257,258,273–74; access by sea, radio stations in,292; Chinese 2; banks in,74; building activity in, residents of,260–61; employees of, 30n59; communist activity in,97–98; 259,265–68,269–72; employers in, economy of,5,35,212n9; labor unrest 261; French state properties in,265; in,215–16,221; and Japanese Green Gang in,179; handover to Wang occupation,5,8,117–18,261–62, Jingwei regime,258,264,267–68; 245–47; movement of plants to,32; Japanese access to,2–3; and Japanese Nationalists and,14,129; “neutrality” occupation,261–62; lease of land, in,2,215,276; puppet currency in, 269n24; loyalty oath to Pétain,268; 124; refugees in,52; relocation of neutrality of,276; reemployment of Chinese capitalists to,47; as solitary municipal employees in,269–72,275; islands,46,53,60,64,97; war residents of,260–61; search of damages in,20–21. See also French Chinese soldier entering, 67; social Concession; International Settlement order in,263; soldiers of,270–71; foreign exchange,35n82,241 stance toward Japan,8; transfer to Foreign Ministry Archives (Tokyo), Chinese Nationalists,274; under Vichy 157n1 control,198. See also French foreign registration,53–54,59,60–61 community; French Concession police Foucault,Michel,110n38 French Concession police: employees of, Four Great Families,135 262,265,266,269; Vietnamese France,collaboration in,6,7 officers, 259 France Libre movement,268,271 French consulate,269–70,270n25, France Quand Même,268 275–76 Franklin,Cornell S.,294–95 French diplomacy,objectives of,259,262 free clinics,84 French Expeditionary Corps (COC), Freemasons,268 271 freight transport. See transportation French Municipal Council,230,260, Freight Transportation Bureau,137 261 Freight Transport Regulation Office French radio station,272,275 (Huoyun guanliju),203,204 Frugality Campaign,316–18,318n47, French businesses,262,263,272. See 320 also CFTE Fu,Poshek,299n103,319n51,330n11 French Center,265 Fu Xiao’an: assassination of,184,197; French community: considered mayoralty of,7,117,184,218 themselves Shanghaiens,258; Fujian: blockade of,29n51,35; food divisions in,between Gaullists and supplies in,147; goods from occupied pro-Vichy,259,268; divisions in,over China,121 reemployment status,266; repatriation Fulihui,218 of,266,270; and the return of the fund-raising for the war effort,316–18, concession,264,274,275; and the 319 surrender of Japan,272 Funüribao (Women’s daily),334 French Company of Electricity and Funüshenghuo (Women’s lives),309–10, Streetcars. See CFTE 309n16 French Concession: abolition of,257, Funüzazhi (Women’s magazine),334 258,273–74; autonomy of,261; furniture industry,22,39 Chinese administration of,270,271; Fuxin flour mills,49,52,55,56,59–60

370

Index

Fuyihui (Association for Worker Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Welfare),215–16,219,221 61 Fuzhou,121 Great Way (dadao),165,166–67 Great Way Government (Dadao zhengfu): Gander,Owen,246,247 article on regime’s achievements, gangsters: and divisions of jurisdiction in 168–69; collapse of,183–85; dating Shanghai,3; portrayed in film Liren system used by,169–70; documentary xing,350; relied on in smuggling materials on,157n1,164; emphasis on goods to Communist bases,93–94, nation-building,165; establishment of, 109 7,157,162; financing of,30,164, Gao Guanwu,142 180–83; first appointments of,160; Gao Xinbao,190 ideology of,163,164–70,185; Gao Zongwu,195–96 Japanese and Chinese role in Gaoqiao,174 establishing,163–64,165–66,168–69; Garde Indigène of Indochina,265 and the Japanese army,157,158, Garden Bridge, 19 176–77,183; jurisdiction of,164, Gascogne,269n22 170–77; and labor,216,218; manifesto gasoline,36,121,132,140 of,165–66; name of,165,166–67, de Gaulle,General Charles,273 169,185; obscurity of,157–58,164; Gaullists,268 personnel of,185; petitioners to, Ge Sen,138 175–76; police of,160,164,177–79; gender inequality,theme in Liren xing, propaganda booklet published in 355 Tokyo,168; recruitment by,179, General Hospital (French Concession), 179n50; relations with Wang Jingwei, 271 220; requested to reopen waterways, General Labor Union of Shanghai West, 183; set up Society for the Economic 209 Reconstruction of Shanghai,33; and General Labor Union of the Shanghai Shanghai Citizens Action,52; slogans Special Municipality,217–18 of,185; Social Affairs Bureau,181; Geng Jiaji,190 Special Service unit attached to,167; Geng Jizhi,145,145n147 weakness of,185. See also Su Xiwen glass factories,22,23–24 Great Way Self-Government Committee Glosser,Susan,86 (Pudong),160n5,171,173 gold,120,125 Great Way spirit (dadao jingshen),161, Golden Twin Horses brand,54 168 Gong Zhifang,337n21 Great World Theater,bombing of, 2, 3 gongshu (offices),183n63 Green Gang: and the Guomindang,187, government bonds,283 212; and labor,210,226; members, grain-boring worms,144–45,148, 202; Nationalist guerrillas recruited 289–90. See also profiteering from,138; representative at Grain Bureau (Liangshi ju),144,145 Guangcheng pharmacy school,77n25; Grain Control Commission (Japanese), and the Shanghai United Committee, 116n2 207; threat to pro-Japanese personnel, Grain Guild (Miye gonghui),144 179; Xu Guanqun’s contacts in,71 Gray,Adeline,140n117 Gu Jiatang,202 Great Britain,economic relations with Gu Jinrong,225,225n39,225n41 Japan,36,42 Gu Jiwu,224

371

Index

Gu Kemin,71,77n25 Guomindang underground,73,187–89, Gu Mingdao,83n42 194,206–7,212. See also Shanghai Gu Shutong,138 United Committee Gu Zhutong,205 Guzhen (Chuansha county),173n31 Guan Lu,305,305n4,334n15,335, 342n30 Han Qitong,survey of China’s war losses, Guandong Army,158 20n7 Guangcheng Professional School for Hangzhou Bay,140 Advanced Pharmacy (Guangcheng hanjian (traitors),71,116,118n7,221 gaoji yaoxue zhiye xuexiao),77–78 Hankou,49,53,70,73,264 Guangxi provincial government,253 Happy Home Monthly (Jiating yuekan), Guangzhou,70 334,334n15,335 guanxi. See social connections Hart,Sir Robert,249 guanxixue (art of social relations), Haruke Yoshitane (Lieutenant Colonel), 108n35 141 Guanyu brotherhood,226 Hata Shunroku (General),141–42 guard posts,118–19 Hayashi Yukichi,239 gudao era literary production,327–28. He Jiayou,179n50 See also Island Shanghai thesis He-Umezu Agreement,130 guerrillas,Nationalist,138–39 health,terms for,80–81,80n34 Gui Fang,318–19 Healthy Home (Jiankang jiating),80–83, Guo Lanxin,193 83n42 Guofang zuigao weiyuanhui (Supreme Healthy Home Monthly (Jiankang jiating Defense Council),193 yuekan),334n 334n15,335 Guohua Electrical Appliances Store, Helpful Friend Society (Yiyoushe),91, 280n1 91n4,93,103 Guohua Radio Station,280n1 Hengshe. See Endurance Club Guomindang: anti-Chiang elements,224; Hengyang (Hunan),202 collusion with puppet police,133; Henriot,Christian,143n137,144n139, corruption of,162; criticized in Great 319n51 Way manifesto,165; defections to Hill,Charles,252 Wang Jingwei,189; dependence on Hinder,Eleanor,237 Shanghai,17,85,187; disillusionment hinterland,connections to,4–6,17,30, of leftist artists with,348; and the 148n158 Green Gang,187; Hu Hanmin faction, hoarding,31,37,120,121,289 161; and labor,209–11,222,223, home journals,333–37,334n14,334n15, 224–25; military intelligence,132; 344; housekeeping columns,307–8; movement of capital,69; national and marketing of household products, salvation propaganda,194; 335 negotiations with Wang Jingwei Hong bang. See Red Gang regime,200–201; on population Hong Kong: branch of New Asia growth,314n34; profiteering by,132; Pharmaceutical Company,70; British Shanghai party branch,188–89; policy and,240,251; capital shifted to, smuggling apparatus,134–38,202; 4,29,40n112; flight to,52,71,84–85, taxation by,175; terrorism by,4,52, 244; foreign registration of Chinese 98; and U.S. imperialism,359–60. See firms in,54; headquarters of the also Guomindang underground Shanghai United Committee,192;

372

Index

Japanese occupation of,198,248; Hung,Chang-tai,68,85–86 Juntong operations in,195–96, Hu-Ning Railroad,104 195n26; and shipping of goods to Huxi. See Western District inland China,29,30,236 Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank,230, Ichigo offensive,203 242 “idle capital,”29,40,40n112 Hong Shen,347 imperialism,U.S.,359 Hongjin jiujia,124 India,34,38n98 Hongkou,20,21,22,23,234 Indochina: famine in,126; French Hongqiao,175 employment in,271; French policy in, Hongye guanggao tushu gongsi (Hongye 259,262,273,276; French radio Advertising and Printing Company), station of,275; French repatriation to, 334n15,335 275; retreat of Chinese troops from, Honig,Emily,289n41 274; rice from,144,237; source of Hou Dachun,144–46,144n141 coal,38n98; supplied rice to the housewives. See domesticity; home Japanese,126 journals industrial production,index of,27,28. housing crisis,321 See also factories Hsü Shuhsi,21 inflation,122–24,125,202,252; benefit Hu Hanmin,161 of,to Rong family,54–55; and Hu Linge,215n13 workers’ protests,223 Hu Menglin,210 insurance enterprises,68 Hu Shaochen,217 International Settlement: abolition of, Hu Zheng,144,145 251; boom economy of 1938–1939, Hu Ziying,309n16 235–36; British businesses in,235; Hu Zongnan,199 British policy on,234–35,238–42; Hua Mulan Joins the Army,299n103 censorship of newspapers in,306–7; Huainan district,92 Chinese factories in,33,36; Chinese Huaiyin (Jiangsu),124 jurisdiction of,240; Chinese residents Huang Aidi,109 of,242; factories operating in,27–28, Huang Jinrong,193 27n40; Japanese occupation of,9,18, Huang Juyin,287 36,124–25,149,198,243–47, Huang Renzhi,193 247–50; Japanese policy on,234–35; Huang Ronghua,137 Japanese seizure of firms in,32n66, Huang Suchu,195–96 36–37; killing and kidnapping in,117, Huang Xianggu,189,190 235; Land Regulations of,239; morale Huang Yanpei,191 of residents in,245; parks in,232; Huang Zongying,347,349 public order under Japanese,149; radio Huangpi,217 stations in,292–97,294n79; refugees Huangpu Clique,191 in, 19,315; under Wang Jingwei Huangpu West Fellow Residents’ regime,263; war damage in,21,22, Association,172 234. See also extrasettlement road Huazhong genjudi. See Central China area; foreign concessions; Base Shanghailanders; Shanghai Municipal Huazhong yiyaopin tongzhi lianhehui Council; Shanghai Municipal Police (Central China Commission for international trade,42 Control of Medicine),72 internment,8,251n91,252,253

373

Index

investment companies,40 305. See also Great Way Government; Island Shanghai thesis,6–7,18,67–68, International Settlement,Japanese 85–86,112,252 occupation of Japanese Residents’ Association,239 Japan: food control by,143–44,143n137; Japanese soldiers,rape committed by, invasions of north China,158; 310–11,348,350–51,358 monopoly policies,18,34,37,40,41, Jessfield Park Strike,222–25 42; peace initiatives of,188; return of Jessfield Road No. 76. See Number 76 concessions by,263; sought Jessfield Road collaboration by Chinese capitalists, Jews,268 60–61; surrender of,206,267,272; use Ji Zhangjian,137 of local resources by,10–11,18. Jiading,160n2,170 See also Japanese army; Japanese Jiang Baiqi,106–7 navy; Japanese occupation Jiang Bocheng: arrest of,201; effort to Japanese army: barred Chinese get Yu Xiaqing to leave Shanghai,196; industrialists from their plants,31; and the Shanghai United Committee, bought up military materials in 191n12,192,198,201 Shanghai,92; Central China Area Jiang Dawei,107 Army,158,159–61,183; and the Great Jiang Dongrong,106–7 Way Government,157,158,176–77, Jiang Jianzhong,103 183; and local administration,177; Jiang Jieshi. See Chiang Kai-shek North China Area Army,158–59,160; Jiang Junhui,60,63–64 rivalry with Japanese navy,183; Jiang Shangda,60–61 Special Service Section,33; taxation Jiang Yixiao,305 by,27n36 Jiang Zhaoxiang,224,224n35 Japanese community,7n8,10–11 Jiang Zhongfang,93n7 Japanese companies,10–11 Jiangbei: considered unpatriotic,217, Japanese concessions,47,263 289n41; counterinsurgency activities Japanese Military Police (Kempeitai), in,142n129; laborers from,217,223, 104,118–19,178,189,198,252 224,225; stereotype perpetuated on Japanese navy: docks of,93–94; and the radio,289 Great Way Government,7; and labor, Jiangsu,29,146,147 215–16; occupied Shenxin #7,161; Jiangwan,170 regulation of coastal trade,140n120; Jiangxi,20,131–32 rivalry with Japanese army,184; Jiangyin county,141 and shipments to New Fourth Army, Jiankang jiating yuekan (Healthy home 103 monthly),334,334n15,335 Japanese occupation: attitudes toward,7; Jiankang jiating (Healthy Home),80–83, and the broadcasting industry,280; of 83n42 the foreign concessions,8,117–18, Jiaotong jiancha ju (Communications 261–62,245–47; march into Shanghai, Inspection Bureau),133 47; in November 1937,158; phases in, Jiating niankan (Family annual),334, 117; and public order,149; seizure of 334n15 northern districts,243; treatment of,in Jiating yuekan (Happy home monthly), film Liren xing,346–47,350; women’s 334,334n15,335 lives during,302,322–23,341; Jieshou,203 women’s magazines during,303–4, Jiezhou,130

374

Index

Jin Guangmei,189 knitting plants,22,23 Jin Runsheng,135 Kokyogun (Imperial Cooperation Army), Jin Tingsun,193 118 Jin Xiongbai,194,204 Kong,David,135 Jin Yan,215 Kong Xiangxi (H. H. Kung): appointed Jincheng yinhang (Kincheng Banking minister of ﬁnance,133n86; and the Corporation),25 Cotton Yarn and Cloth Regulation Jingdezhen,132 Bureau,203; and Dai Li,134n91, Jinmei (heroine of Liren xing),348–49, 135–36; and peace negotiations with 350–52,358,360n14 Wang Jingwei,200; and the Shanghai Jiuguo hui (Save the Nation Society), United Committee,193 305n4 Konoe Cabinet,158 Jiuwang ribao,285 Kuaile jiating (Happy home),334n15 Jobez,Roland,268 Kung Dah Cotton Mill,177 Jourdan,266 Kung,H. H. See Kong Xiangxi Journal of New Medicine (Xin yiyao Kunlun Film Studio,348 kan),80n33 Kunshan,141,159n2 journals. See home journals; periodicals Juntong (Bureau of Military Statistics): labor: CC Clique and,210,220, assassination squads,197; full name 220–21n27,222,226; communists of,210n4; Hong Kong operations, and,212,215,219,219n25; Du 195–96,195n26; and labor,210; loans Yuesheng and,190; Japanese and, to,from Du Yuesheng,202–3; revenue 215–18,236; native-place associations from smuggling,133–34,202; and and,123,222,223,226,227; unions, SACO,206; and the Shanghai United 217,220–21,220n26; and Wang Committee,207. See also Dai Li Jingwei regime,9,123,189,220–22. See also Shanghai General Labor Kagesa Sadaaki (Major General), Union; strikes; workers 141 Lan Ma,347,355 Kanegafuchi Company,51 Land Regulations,231,239 Kang Xinru,202 Laval,Pierre,263 Kangli yuekan (Happy couple monthly), League of Left-wing Writers,305n4 337n21 leather industry,39,121 Kaufman,Judge,268 Lee,Leo,327n4 Ke Ling,328n5,330–31,330n11 Li Linshu,224 Kempeitai,104,118–19,178,189,198, Li Lisan,219n25 252 Li Ming,242 Keswick,W. J. “Tony,”235,237,239, Li Shengwu,144 242,244 Li Shiqun,100,141–42,142n129,144, kidnapping,34,117,136 211 Killery,Valentine St John,242 Li Ziqiong,217 Kincheng Banking Corporation Lian Yuanxiu,332 (Jincheng yinhang),25 Liang Desuo,336n20 Kinloch,Jock,244 Liangshi ju (Grain Bureau),144 Kipnis,Andrew,110n38 Liangyou huabao (Good companion Kirby,William,48 pictorial),336n20 Kitaoka Tatsuo,173n30 Lianyihui,195

375

Index

Lianyishe,224,225,225n41 used social connections in sensitive Li ji (Classic of rites),166–67,169 operations,105 Lin Huaibu,197 Liu Yusheng,339n24 Lin Huiyin,332 liumang (loafers),159n4,173n30 Lin Kanghou,71,77n25,193,204 livestock,129 Lin Saiwen,221 loafers,recruited for pacification teams, Lin Shiliang,136 159n4,173n30 Lin Zijiong,215,216 “lone island.” See Island Shanghai thesis Ling Shuhua,332 Longcao,173n30,175 Link,Perry,82–83 Longtan,94 Liquidation Commission,253 Lou Guowei,133n87 Liren xing (Women side by side; Chen Lou Jingguan,220 Liting): banned as reactionary,361; Loyal and Patriotic Army,134,138–39, conversion to film,347–48; ending of 140,142 film,358,360; original title of,348; Loyal and Patriotic National Salvation politics of,356,359–60; portrayal of Army (Zhongyi jiuguo jun),205–6 men in,351,353,354–55. 356–57; Lu Bohong,52 portrayal of proletariat in,350,360, Lu Boyu,334n15 360n14; prison scenes,353–54; Lu Jingshi,193,202,210,219 rehabilitated in 1979,361; setting of, Lu Wei,321n59 348,348n5; as source on social Lu Xun,355 conditions during wartime,349–50; Lu Yan,330 stage play,358,360; stage production lulutong (fixers),66–67,68,85,86–87; of,347,348; stereotypical treatment of defined,66 women in,357–58; about women who Lunchang mill. See China Printing and remained in Shanghai,346,348–49 Finishing Company literature: boudoir style,332,336; by Luo Qinghua,202 female college students,332; gudao era,327–28; Mandarin Ducks and Ma Bosheng,206 Butterflies,330,328–29; new-style, MacDonald,R. G.,247 329,330; popularized,332; post-1945 machine industry,21–22,27,28,29,39 fiction,336; resistance,328; serious machinery,imports of,121,143 and popular,331,333; Shanghai magazines. See periodicals school,329; women writers,337–38, Mains,Joan,244,252 340–42,343–44. See also theater Manchuria,17,131,158,240 Liu Buqing,77 Manchurian Railway Incident,130 Liu Changsheng,212,215n13 Mandarin Duck and Butterfly school, Liu Degong,224,225,225n41 82–83,83n42,328–29,330n9; Liu Fan,137 Butterflies journals,329–30,332,333, Liu Hangshen,202 334,344 Liu Ningyi,212,215n13 Manila,70 Liu Qingyang,309n16 Mantetsu (South Manchurian Railway Liu Shaoqi,106,212n11 Company),159 Liu Shaowen,212 Mao Dun,285 Liu Xiao,212 Mao Liying,99–100,99n16,349 Liu Yanru: memoirs of,90–91; shipments Mao Zedong,110,149,212 to New Fourth Army,91–95,103,109; Maoxin flour mills,49,56

376

Index

de Margerie,Roland,198,262,263,265, Ministry of National Defense Security 265n15,266–67 Bureau (Guofangbu baomiju),205 Martin,Brian,85 Ministry of Social Affairs (Wang Martyrs Cemetery,99n16 Jingwei),220 May 15 Incident (Tokyo),61 Miscellany Monthly: promotion of May Fourth Movement: feminism of, women writers,340–41,340n27, 355,357; performances in support of, 342n32; roundtable talks in,342, 319n51; politics of,in Liren xing,352, 342n32; special issues of,341–42, 356–57 341n29 May 30 movement,212,212n10,232, Mitonghui (Grain Control Commission), 261 116n2 media,coastal and inland,86 Mitsui Bussan Kaisha,242 medical publications,79–83,80n33,86 Miye gonghui (Grain Guild),144 medical workers,102 model peace zones,141–42,143 medicine: advertising of,291,291n54; “Model Settlement,” 232, 241 Chinese and Western,80; distribution Modern Therapeutics,80n33 of,72; factories and enterprises,39,68; modernization,and health,80 for the New Fourth Army,107; from monopoly policies,18,34,37,40,41,42 occupied China,129; pharmaceutical mop-up operations,101,141 industry,72,75; smuggling of,131; municipal employees: Chinese employees traded by Tongji and Minhua of the French Concession,265; French, companies,203n55,205. See also New 259,268,269–72,275; and the Great Asia Pharmaceutical Company Way Government,163 Mei Fu,334n15 Municipal Orchestra,244,249 Mei Siping,61,72 Murphey,Rhoads,17 memoir sources,68,68n4,90–91 merchant vessels,licensing of,140, Nakajima Seiichi,72 140n120 Nanhui,107–8,160n2,170 Merck and Company,76n20 Nanjing,flour mills in,124 metal industry,22,37,39 Nanjing-Shanghai Railroad,138 metal imports,121 Nanshi (South City): chamber of Meyrier,Jean,269 commerce,181; destruction of plants Mikyo flour company,59 in,21; dyeing plants in,23; economy Miles,Milton E.,137–38,206 of,181; Great Way Government Military Affairs Commission jurisdiction over,170; pacification (Guomindang),134,137. See also team in,159,159n2,159n3; refugees Dai Li from,52; self-government committee military uniforms,51 of,175,181–82 milk industry,86 Nanshi Electric Company,52 minerals,131 Nantong,flour mills in,124 Mingxing ribao (Star daily),330n9 Nanxiang,170 Minhua Company,203–4,205,208 Nanyang Enterprise Company (Nanyang Ministry of Colonies (French),265, qiye gongsi),74 272 narcotics trade,129,130–31,132n84,202 Ministry of Finance (Guomindang), National Commission for the Control of 133n86,134,137. See also Smuggling Commerce (Quanguo shangye tongzhi Prevention Office lianhehui),72

377

Index

Nationalists. See Guomindang New Engineering and Shipbuilding National Salvation Movement,“seven Works (Ruirong),216,217 gentlemen of,” 58, 58n24 New Fourth Army: compared with Eighth native place associations: and labor,123, Route Army,110,111; connections 223,224,226,227; organizing used by,109–10; donations for,97,99; transportation to the village, 117; and Gregor Benton on,110–11; illicit strikes,222 dealings with Japanese,103; in native-place connections: and the Great Japanese model peace zone,142; Way Government,163n11; and members of,93; motivations for recruitment at New Asia,77; used by helping,102–4; movement of goods New Fourth Army agents,93, and people to,92,94,98–99,100–102, 107–8 103,107–8,109; purchasing agents in neutrality: of film character Wang Shanghai,98; recruitment of Zhongyuan,355; of foreign intellectuals,108; relationship with concessions,2,276; of Shanghai,95–96; rural bases of,90n2; Shanghailanders,215,240,245–46 territory designated in United Front New Asia Biological Research Institute, negotiations,95; urban recruits of, 76 111; used social connections to build New Asia Chemical and Pharmaceutical rural bases,106–7; winter clothes for, Research Institute,76 96,97 New Asia Enterprise Group (Xinya qiye New Fourth Army Incident,98,98n14 jituan),68 New Fourth Army Office (Shanghai), New Asia Free Clinics,84 98–99 New Asia Medical Materials Plant, New Home (Xin jiating),334 76 newspapers: censorship of,306–7; New Asia Pharmaceutical Company closing of,118; columns on everyday (Xinya zhiyao chang): advertising life,325–26; home supplements to, department of,83; Beijing branch,72; 334,334n14,335; after the war,85; capital and sales revenue,69; women’s,333–34 Chongqing branch,70,73; distribution New Voice of Chinese Medicine (Guoyao network of,73,74,77–79; financing xinsheng),79 of,73–75; identified with Chinese new woman,302–3,353,360 values,84; inspection teams,79; left in 1911 revolution,261 hands of Gu Kemin,71; Ningbo,126n46,126n49,132,148n158 medicine-making factories of,70,77; Ningxia,78 popularization of science at,75; Ninth Brigade Theater Troupe (Yan ju jiu promotional publications of,79–83; dui),347 owned Healthy Home Monthly, Nishimura Tenzo,167–68,169,182 335–36; records of,68; recruitment at, North China Area Army (Kita Shina 77; research scientists at,75–77; sales h¯omengun),158,160 organization of,78–79; wartime NorthChinaDaily News ,31n61 expansion of,70,73 North China Provisional Government, New Asia Reconstruction Company 72 (Xinya jianye gongsi),74 Northern Expedition,212 New Asia Serum Plant,76 Northern Sichuan Road bridge,119 New Asia Southwest China Company, North Pudong Garrison Command, 70 176

378

Index

Number 76 Jessfield Road: and the People’s Political Council (Canzhenghui), assassination of Mao Liying,99–100; 201 censorship by,325n1; founders of, periodicals: Butterflies journals,329–30, 123; interrogation of Wu Kaixian at, 332,333,334; columns in,332; 198; mentioned,4,142,149,220; and editorial strategies during wartime, rice brokers,145 336–37; letters from readers,332; and Nüsheng yuekan (Women’s voices marketing of household products,335; monthly),334–35,334n15 mentioned,309n16; patriotism and, Nüzi shijie (Women’s world),333 12,304; pictorial style,336,336n20; readership of,335; women’s,12, Office of Strategic Services,206 303–4,309–10,328,333–34. See also Okawa¯ Sh¯umei,60–61 home journals; Shanghai funü Okazaki,K.,247 permit system,34,34n79 Okuba (Japanese yakuza),215 Perry,Elizabeth,226,227,227n45 One Day in Shanghai,288 Pétain,Marshall,8 Operation Remorse,253–54 pharmaceutical industry,72,75; female opium,129,132n84. See also narcotics employees,313. See also New Asia trade Pharmaceutical Company; Xu Organization Department (Guomindang), Guanqun 189,190 pharmaceutical research,75–76, overseas Chinese,market for Chinese 76n20 goods,54 Phenomena Monthly,330–31,332 Philco Sales Corporation,286 pacification teams (senbuhan),159–60, Phillips,Godfrey,239,248; assassination 159n4 attempt on,197–98,244 padded coats,128,128n58 pirates,132n84,140n120 Pan Gongzhan,285 playwrights. See Tian Han Pan Hannian,106 police: anticommunist activities by,235; Pan Jinsheng,281n5 of Great Way Government,161,174, Pan Liudai,335,342n30 177–79; puppet,53,53n13,133,198, Pan Yangyao,334n15 244; and rice lines,127; surveillance Pan-Asianism,61 by Japanese in the International paper industry,28,39,68,121, Settlement,3. See also French 129 concession police; Kempeitai; Paris,radio broadcasting in,297–98 Shanghai Municipal Police Pasteur Institute,265,271 Political Study Clique (Zhengxue xi), patriotism: in films and broadcasts,12, 73–75 299,356; Jiangbei people and,217, population,growth rate of,314n34 289n41; in magazines and periodicals, Postal and Aviation Inspection Office 12,304; motivation of civilians helping (Youhang jiancha chu),137 New Fourth Army,102; of ordinary postal employees union,210,219 people,359; and profits,65,70 Post Office Savings Bank,203 peace maintenance committees,159,167, poverty,123–24 170,171–72,175,176 print culture,12–13. See also periodicals; Peach River Dancing Society,312 women,and wartime print culture Pearl Harbor,117 printing industry,22,39,68 Pechkoff,General Z.,273 printing presses,92,103,134

379

Index

prisoner-of-war camps,139 Qingdao,51 professional associations,Sino-Japanese, Qinghai,78 10 Qingpu,159n2 profiteering: by fixers,66; by qingxiang yundong (clearing the villages Guomindang officials,132; radio movement),141,142n129 comedy on,289–90; rice,126n49, Quanguo shangye tongzhi lianhehui 144–45,148,289–90; by the Rong (National Commission for the Control family,64–65. See also Chinese of Commerce),72 capitalists Quanguo shangye tongzhi zonghui propaganda: national salvation,194; on (Commerce Control Commission),63, radio,280,281,281n5,283–87,295, 64 297 “Quarrelling Couple from Jiangbei,” 289, prostitution,250,352,358 299 Protect China Alliance (Baowei Zhongguo datongmeng),107 radio: broadcasts of political propaganda, Provisional Council Agreement (1941), 280,281,281n5,283–87,295,297; 239,247 categories in program guides,288n37; Pu Shuxiu,289,291,291n54, comedy on,289–90,299; 291n56 commercials,290–91; dominated by public intellectuals,women writers as, advertising and entertainment,11,280, 344 282,288,298; donations to war effort Public Security Bureau,235 solicited on,286,287; under Japanese publishers,92,329,338–39 control,12,292–99; in Moscow and Pudong: chamber of commerce,173; Paris,297–98; before 1937,282; destruction of plants in,21; fate of patriotism and call for resistance on, Shenxin textile mill in,51; Great Way 12; programming under Propaganda Government in,157,170; Great Way Committee plan,283–85; salaries of Self-Government Committee in, performers,288,288n39; speeches by 160n5,171,173; Japanese bombing of, prominent individuals,284–85; 303; Japanese control of,139,139n11; storytellers on,279–80,285,299; labor incidents in,216,236–37; suppression of patriotic broadcasting, pacification team in,159,159n2; 282; tool for adult education,287n33. police,53,53n13,139; refugees from, See also radios; radio stations 52; rice prices in,181; smuggling in, radio communications,194 139; trade unions in,220. See also Radio Moscow,297 Great Way Government Radio-Paris,298 puppet government. See collaborators; radios,118,118n7,286,286n29,286n30, Great Way Government; Number 76 287 Jessfield Road; Reformed radio stations: Chinese-operated,282; Government; Wang Jingwei regime closed by Guomindang,291n55; puppet troops,142 closed by Shanghai Municipal Council on Japanese request,296; number of, Qian Xinzhi,193,200,202 282,291; pro-Japanese,288n36; Qiantang River,140 operated by Westerners,282n7; Qibao,175 registration of,292–97,298; XHHG, Qin Shou’ou,83n42 297; XHHH,284; XHTM,281n5; Qing bang. See Green Gang XOJB,288n36

380

Index

rape,304,304n3,310–11; in film Liren 142,181,223; production,126; puppet xing,348,350–51,358; of Shen brokers,144–45; purchased by Chong,359 Japanese military,196; rationing of, rationing: of coal,38n98; of rice,127–28, 127–28,146,146n152; restrictions on 146,146n152 sales of,120,120n18,122; riots,211; real estate companies,41,42,68 Shanghai imports and exports of,126; recipes,318 smuggling of,140,143,145,148; from reconstruction,30n59 Southeast Asia,125,144,196,237; in Red Cross,84 South City,181; stores,120,120n18, Red Gang,220n27,226 122,181; supplies of,146–48; taxation Reformed Government (Weixin zhengfu): of,27n36. See also hoarding; Central China Area Army and,160; profiteering; rice-boring worms dating system of,170n24; and demise rice-boring worms,144–45,148,289–90. of Great Way Government,183–84; See also profiteering lacked legitimacy,188; taxation rice guild,120 by,30 Rice Management Bureau,121 refugees: crossing the Garden Bridge into rickshaws,119 the International Settlement, 19; and roads,94,118; “road money,”130. demand for flour,59; and demand for See also extrasettlement road area radio,282,286; donations to,317,319, Romance of the Three Smiles (San xiao 320; experiences of,broadcast by Yan yin yuan),288 Xueting,279–80,288; and food Rong Bing’gen,53n13 supplies,120; in the foreign Rong Desheng: and collaboration with concessions,237,258; as smugglers, the Japanese,53,63–64; difficulty 129; as source of cheap labor and controlling firms after death of Rong demand,47; in South City,159n3, Zongjing,49; founder of textile and 181; women, 303,310–11,311–13; flour mills,49; and management of from Zhejiang and Jiangsu,29 Rong firms,55–56; plans for Tianyuan refugee shelters,311,313,319 Industrial Company,58–59; relations Relief for Refugees ( jiuji nanmin), with Chongqing,64; and 97 reorganization of Shenxin #2 and #5, Ren Baoan,179n50 57; returned from Hankou to Shanghai, repatriation: of French community, 53 274–75; of population to the Rong Er’ren,,53,53n13,56–58,64 countryside,39n105 Rong family: and collaboration,10,32, repatriation fund (French Concession), 51–53,60,63,65; dissension in, 266,269,270,272 56–59; as illustration of conditions of resistance,13–14. See also collaboration, Shanghai businessmen,49,64–65; versus resistance organizational structure of enterprises, restaurants,124 48,55–59; relations within,49,55–56, rice: amount to feed population,119; 58; wartime profits of,54. See also black market in,121,122; exported Fuxin flour mills; Maoxin flour mills; from free to occupied China,129; Rong Desheng; Rong Er’ren; Rong exported to Japan,126,143–44; Hongyuan; Rong Zongjing; Shenxin imported by Yu Xiaqing,196; imported textile mills into Fuzhou,12; from Jiangxi,131; Rong Hongqing,56 lines,350; price of,119,120–21,123, Rong Hongsan,56

381

Index

Rong Hongyuan: and dissension in Rong scientific instruments,39 family,56–58; as general manager of scientific research,75–77 Rong enterprises,56; and negotiation scientists,76–77,84 with Japanese,61,62 second united front,212 Rong Weiren,56 self-government committees (zizhi Rong Zongjing: and collaboration, weiyuanhui): assumed police powers, 52–53; death of,49,53; departure for 173; characterized as hoodlums,172, Hong Kong,52; founded textile and 173n30; designation of,174–75, flour mills,49; and the organization of 175n35; formed from peace Rong firms,55 maintenance committees,159; and Rottmann,Allison,85 Great Way Government jurisdiction, roundtable talks,342,342n30,342n32 170–71; issues on the agenda of,174; Roux,Alain,13–14 and the Japanese army,176–77; rubber industry,22,23,28,29,39; Tongji membership of,174; Pudong,160n5, and Minhua companies,203n55,205 171,173; resilience of,175; taxation Ruirong (New Engineering and by,173,181–82 Shipbuilding Works),216,217 Seven Big Unions,220,220n26 Ruoying (heroine of Liren xing),349, sex industry,311–12 352–56,358 sexuality,women writers on,340,341 ruralization of culture,67–68,85–86 Sha Li,349 Russians: in the French Concession,261, Sha Wenhao,212 265,265n15; White Russians,233,249 Shamian,French concession in,264 Shangguan Yunzhu,347,348 Saigon,French police of,275 Shanghai: as center for culture and Sainte-Marie Hospital,271 commerce,67–68,85–86; as center of Sakurai,Mr.,159n4 film and modern theater,346; flight Salade,263,267 from,315; population of,146n151; San Bei Steam Navigation Company,196 shared victimhood in,148,288 San ge modeng nüxing (Three modern Shanghai Association of the Cultural women; Tian Han),347 Circle,305n4 Sanminzhuyi qingniantuan (Three Shanghai Association of the New People’s Principles Youth Corps),191 Medicine Trade (Shanghai xinyaoye San xiao yin yuan (Romance of the three tongye gonghui),71 smiles),288 Shanghai Bank,54 saodang (mop-up operations),101,141 Shanghai British Residents’ Association, Sarly,Roland,266,270 232 Save for the Distressed ( jieyue jiunan),97 Shanghai chanye yu Shanghai zhigong Save the Nation Society (Jiuguo hui), (Shanghai Industries and Shanghai 305n4 Workers),215,215n13 Savings Society,269n22 Shanghai Citizens Action (Shanghai Sawada Shigeru (Lieutenant General), shimin xiehui),52 141 Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank,74 de Sayve,Olivier,269,270 Shanghai county peace maintenance schools,194 committee,167 school ties,102–3,108,108n35 Shanghaiens. See French community Schoppa,Keith,29 Shanghai Evening Post and Mercury science,popularization of,80–83 (Da Mei wanbao),32n66,325,325n1

382

Index

Shanghai funü (Shanghai women): autonomy of,230–32,239,240–41, advertising in,306; cartoon about radio 250; and the British Foreign Office, broadcasts,281, 281; on childbirth and 232,238–39; and Chinese broadcast birth control,314–15; on child rearing, industry,281,282; and Chinese 315–16; class distinctions and,320; on residents of the settlement,233; housekeeping and marriage,307–8, Chinese staff of,237–38; collaboration 313,317–18,322; circulation and with Japanese,71,295–96; compared readership,306; covers of,305–6; with French Municipal Council,260; edited by Communist Party members, confidential economic report by, 305; as force in the resistance,309–10, 27n36; constitution of,232; count of 319–20,322; on the Frugality factories in the International Campaign,316–17; on moral Settlement,27; and the extrasettlement responsibility,321; on overpopulation, road area,33,50,233; financial affairs 314n34; political activism in,321–22; of,232,241–42; Industrial and Social self-censorship of,307,308; stories Section,237; industrial statistics of, about sex workers,312,313; on 28n49; under Japanese occupation, women’s employment,313; and 247–50,252; Japanese pressure on,3, women’s role in the resistance,304 233,234–35,237; Japanese Shanghai Funü Society,306 representation on,239; personnel of, Shanghai General Chamber of 232,241–42,247,248,250; Police Commerce,20n8 Affairs Division,295,296; relations Shanghai General Labor Union with Chongqing,235; and registration (Shanghai shi zhonggonghui),195, of Chinese radio stations,292–96, 210,218,224. See also West Shanghai 294n79; report on damages to industry, General Labor Union 20,21–22,24; restrictions on sale of Shanghai gonghui zuzhi tongyi rice,120,120n18; sale of public weiyuanhui (Committee for the utilities,241; shift of leadership,232; Unification of Labor Organizations), strategy toward Japanese,8; and 218,218n22 taxation,233 Shanghai gongye tongzhihui (Association Shanghai Municipal Health Department, of Shanghai Industrialists),27n37 314 Shanghai Guild of Private Radio Shanghai Municipal Police: Chinese Broadcasters,283,284,293,295 branch of,250; Chinese staff of, Shanghailanders: British policy toward, 237–38,241–42; under Japanese 240; desire for neutral status,215,240, occupation,247–48; killings of 245–46; disruption of lives during Chinese demonstrators in 1925,232; wartime,243–45,252; and the end of relationship with British diplomats, the treaty port system,251,251n91, 231,238; relationship with Public 254; identity of,230,244; internment Security Bureau,235; sackings of of,251n91,252,253; and the Shanghai Barrett and Clarke,233n6; during Municipal Council,231–32,240–41; wartime,244; White Russians in, strategy for survival,233 249 Shanghai Municipal Archives,157n1 Shanghai Newspaper Censorship Bureau, Shanghai Municipal Commission (Duban 306 Shanghai shi gongshu),183 Shanghai Pharmaceutical Students Shanghai Municipal Council (SMC): Friendship Society (Shanghai Anglo-American conflict,232–33; yaojisheng lianyihui),108

383

Index

Shanghai Postal Workers’ Union,189, Shawozi,94 190 She Aizhen,144 Shanghai Power Company,38 Shehui yundong zhidao weiyuanhui Shanghai Radio,282,289,291 (Social Movement Steering Shanghaishi zhiyao changye tongye Committee),123,220,221,224 gonghui (Association of Shanghai Shen Chong,359 Pharmaceutical Manufacturers),72 Shen Ji,330 Shanghai Special Municipality: Bureau Shen Junsheng,138 of Social Affairs,210; Japanese Shen,Vivian,348,352 occupation of,210 Shen Youchu,107 Shanghai Textile Company (Shanhai Shen Zijiu,309n16 b¯oseki kabushiki kaisha),51,61 Shen bao,194,285,288; “Women’s Shanghai United Committee (Shanghai Garden,” 309n16 shi tongyi weiyuanhui; SUC): and the Shenghuo,320n53 arrest of Wu Kaixian,198–201; and Shenxin textile mills: comprised ten assassinations of collaborators,197; companies,49; conditions in creation of,191; and economic mid-1930s,55; destruction of,in relations between Chongqing and Western Roads section,50; distribution Nanjing,201,208; finances of, of profits,57–58; foreign registration 192–93; headquarters of,192,199; of,53–54; independence of general influence of Du Yuesheng in,193; headquarters,56; in the International instrument of Guomindang resistance Settlement,53,60; under Japanese and vehicle for cooperation with control,60; in Japanese-occupied puppet regime,187–88; objectives of, areas,51; number of spindles and 191–92,206–7; power struggle in,201; looms,50,50n7,53; organizational and secret peace discussions,201; structure of,55–58; plan for Greater sections of,192,194–95; standing Shenxin,58; profits during war,54; committee of,191,191n12 return of,to Chinese owners,61–62; Shanghai Volunteer Corps (SVC),243, after return from Japanese,62–63; 249 “seven gentlemen” of,58,58n24; Shanghai Women. See Shanghai funü stockholder disputes at,56–58,62; Shanghai Women’s Circle,319, unemployment at,58 319n52 Shi Dongshan,346 Shanghai xinyaoye tongye gonghui Shi Jimei,332–33,335,336 (Shanghai Association of the New Shi Jiying,332 Medicine Trade),71 Shi Kaitian,145 Shangqiu,203,204 Shi Liang,309n16 Shangwu yinshuguan (Commercial Shi Quanfu,223n34 Press),23,144 Shidai Publishing House,93,93n7 Shanhai keizai nenkan (Shanghai Shidai Weekly (Shidao zhouke), economic yearbook),40 93n7 Shanhaiguan News,168,183 Shigemitsu Mamoru,263 Shao Shijun,107 shimin,active resistance by,13–14 Shao Shubai,210,211 Shimonoseki treaty,17 Shaonüyuekan (The maiden monthly), shipping: control of,by Japanese,30, 337n21 182–83; and economic recovery,34; Shashi Cotton Mill,203 through Hong Kong,30; of military

384

Index

materials to New Fourth Army,92–95; captains and,92,93. See also rice, by river in South China,5; of wheat, smuggling of; Smuggling Prevention 59; Yangzi river closed to,34 Office shipyards,strikes in,216 smuggling entrepots,128–30 Shishi xinbao,335 Smuggling Prevention Office Shuijing (Tax Police),133,133n86,135, (Guomindang),134,135,136,202 137 social connections: in contemporary and Shuilu jiaotong tongyi jiancha chu (Water wartime China,110n38; relied on by and Land Communications Unified Communists during wartime,91,92, Inspectorate),137 105,109–10; and Shanghai’s economic silk industry,22,23,23n22,24,28, structure,108 29n51,32n66 Social Movement Steering Committee silk unions,218 (Shehui yundong zhidao weiyuanhui), silver,55,131 123,220,221,224 Singapore: branch of New Asia Society for the Economic Reconstruction Pharmaceutical Company in,70; of Shanghai,33 British policy and,240; and Society for the Economic Reconstruction distribution of medical manual, of the Western District of Shanghai,33 80n33 solitary island. See foreign concessions; Sino-American Cooperative Organization Island Shanghai thesis (Zhong-Mei hezuo suo; SACO),134, Song Meiling,135,136 137,206; training camps,206 Song Qingling,107 Sino-American treaty (1943),229 Song Ziwen (T. V.Soong),133,133n86 Sino-British treaty (1943),229,251 Songjiang,182 Sino-French school,265,266 Soong,T. V.(Song Ziwen),133,133n86 Sino-Western Pharmacy,284,294 Sorrow for the Fall of the Ming,299n103 “Sixth National Congress of the South Anhui Incident,98,98n14 Guomindang,” 189 South Asia,35 smuggling: by Chiang Kai-shek’s in-laws, South City. See Nanshi 135–36; control offices and guard Southeast Asia: British colonialism in, posts,134–35; Dai Li’s empire, 252; distribution of medical manual in, 132–35; and economic decline,36; and 80n33; market for Chinese goods,35, equivocal marketing areas,128; of 54; market for New Asia goods and intelligence to Communist Pharmaceutical Company,68; New base areas,92–94,98–99; by Japanese Asia sales agencies in,70,78; and the officials,125; and loss of Shanghai’s rubber industry,29; source of rice, economic role after 1949,149; Loyal 125,126,126n49 and Patriotic Army and,138–39,140; South Manchurian Railway Company by merchants,129; and migration,148; (Mantetsu),159,160 of narcotics,130–31; north China Soviet Commercial Publishing House (Su contraband networks,130–31; between shang chubanshe),93n7 occupied and unoccupied zones,5, Special Action Army (Biedong jun),137 104n27,202; official involvement in, Special Service Department (Tokumubu, 11; puppet forces and,142; by puppet Japanese army),159,160,182 pirates,132n84; of rice,117,122; for Spring and Autumn Monthly (Chunqiu survival and profits,117; types of yuekan),332 smugglers,129–30; Yangzi River boat Squibb,76n20

385

Index

star system,338n22 for Great Way Government,179n50; Steering Committee of Social Movement name of,161,161n10; photographed (Shehui yundong zhidao weiyuanhui), with Nishimura Tenz¯o,168; target for 123,220,221,224 assassination,179 stock market,125 Su Youxiang,161. See also Su Xiwen storytelling: radio broadcasts of,279–80, Subei. See Jiangbei 285,299; tanci,288–89,288n37, sugar,129 288n38 suicide,349,350,354,358 streetcar workers. See CFTE summer,start time of,38n99 strikes: BAT strike of 1927–28,220; Sun Liren,135 backed by Japanese,123,221,236; at Sun Mingqi,220,221,222 China Printing and Finishing Company Sun Yat-sen,106–7,188 in 1939,236–37; over cost of suppression campaigns,141 necessities,8; in French companies, Supreme Defense Council (Guofang 263; in the foreign concessions,221; zuigao weiyuanhui),193 general,226–27; Jessfield Park, Suzhou,122,176 222–25; of March 1927,226–27; of 1939–42 compared with earlier strikes, Taicang county,141 226–28; of 1939–41,212,212n10, Taixian (Jiangsu),124 213–14; by post office employees in Takeda Chemical Industries,72 1928,219; transportation,123,209, Tamura Toshiko,334n15 222–23; by West Shanghai General Tan Weihan,330 Labor Union,221; of the Workers’ tanci (storytelling genre),288–89, League of the Chinese Republic,216; 288n37,288n38 wildcat,in 1941,222; workdays lost Tang Enbo,134,134n91 to,212n10,213,216 Tang Xiaodan,346 Su Jixiao,162. See also Su Xiwen Tang Yunjing,337n21 Su Junying,162. See also Su Xiwen Tangqiao (Pudong),174,174n31, Su Qing: Drifting Brocade by,338,339; 176–77,182 and Eileen Chang,340–41,342–43; Tao Xisheng,195–96,218 and the feminization of print culture, taxation: of fish,175; of goods from the 12; media coverage of,337,340, interior,27; by Great Way 342n30; Ten Years of Married Life by, Government,180–81; by Japanese 314,314–15n35,338,339; wrote for army,27n36; by Japanese or puppet home journals,335 government of goods brought into Su Songzhi,162. See also Su Xiwen Shanghai,30; of rice,27n36; by Su Xiwen: announced founding of Great self-government committees,181–82; Way Government, 163,163; Shanghai Municipal Council and,233 background of,161–62; connections taxi dancers,312,319,319n51 of,162–63; after demise of Great Way Tax Police (Shuijing) (Nationalist),133, Government,184; and dissolution of 133n86,135,137 peace maintenance committees, tea,129 171–72; effort to control telecommunications,137 self-government committees,174; telephone,118 efforts to raise revenue,180,181; and Ten Thousand Years Bi-weekly (Wansui Great Way ideology,165,167–68,169; banyuekan),332 headed municipal bureau of finances terrorism,4,52,98,144n139,234

386

Index

textile industry: ban of exports,36; Tokumubu (Special Service Department, economic recovery in,30; enterprises Japanese army),159,160,182 of New Asia,68; factories in operation Tong Luqing,60,63–64 in 1943 and 1944,39; lack of Tong Xingbai,180,189 electricity for,123; markets of,30n56; Tongji Company,203–5,203n55,208 raw materials for,130; textile mills, torture,102,353 49–54; war damage to,21–24. See also town offices,175,175n35 cotton mills; Shenxin textile mills Toyoda Textile Company,50,51,62 textile workers,in film Liren xing,347, trade,between free and occupied China, 348–49,350 47,85,121,129,201–2 Thailand,120 training camps,206 theater,346; production of Liren xing, traitors (hanjian),71,116,118n7, 347 221 Thompson,Edward P.,226 tramways union. See CFTE Three Elders of Shanghai,71 transportation: air,137; under Dai Li, Three People’s Principles Youth Corps 133,133n87,137; and economic (Sanminzhuyi qingniantuan),191,207 decline,27,36; goods,132; permits for Tian Han: May Fourth politics of,355, freight shipments,118; between 356–57; political sympathies of,347; Shanghai and New Fourth Army base, portrayal of men in Liren xing,351, 90–91,101–2; of weapons,137–38. 353,354–55,356–57; in See also CFTE postrevolutionary society,360, Transport Control Bureau (Yunshu 360n14; screenplay for San ge modeng tongzhi ju),133,134 nüxing,348; target of Cultural travel restrictions,119 Revolution,347,350,361; treatment treaty port system: abolition of,251,253, of occupied Shanghai,350; wrote play 258; dismantling of,229; draft treaty, and screenplay for Liren xing,347 240; and Shanghailander identity, Tian Ye,347 230 Tiandi chubanshe (Heaven and Earth Tsuda,Admiral,34n79 Publisher),338 tungsten,129 Tiandi yuekan (Heaven and earth monthly),338 underground. See also Chinese Tianjin: British concession,229,236, Communist Party; Guomindang 251; French concession,264; underground mentioned,234; offices of New Asia unemployment,58,123 Pharmaceutical Company,70 unions. See labor; Shanghai General Tiantang chun meng (Heavenly spring Labor Union; West Shanghai General dream; Tang Xiaodan),346 Labor Union Tianyuan Industrial Company,58–59 United Front,95,98n14,212 Tibet,78 United States: bombing of Japan,118n7; timber,129 froze commercial relations with Japan, Tinkler,Richard Maurice,216 36,42; imperialism of,359; Japanese tires,140 fear of confronting,235; landings of, tobacco industry,22,23,37 188,205,206; military strategy of,and tobacco workers,210,220,220n26, Chongqing,207; and repatriation of 220n27 French in Shanghai,275 Tobacco Workers Union,210 Urban Work Bureau (CCP),92

387

Index

U.S. Consulate business barometer,26 International Settlement,263; change “using war to nourish war” (yi zhan yang in Japanese policy toward,221n28; zhan),116n2 contested by Shanghai United Committee,207; economic policies of, Valentin,266 6,11,37,40,40n110; establishment vehicles,22,121 of,218; grain control organs,116n2; Vichy government: challenge to,by introduction of new currency by, provisional government of the French 35n82,36n87; Japanese efforts to Republic,273; control of French strengthen,60; and labor,9,220–21; Concession,198; and Japanese access order to restore prewar guilds and trade to the French Concession,2–3; associations,72n11; and palatability of Japanese pressure on,263; negotiation collaboration,10; after Pearl Harbor, of return of Shanghai,257–58; 117; police of,198; and policing of the objectives of,262,264–65,268; extrasettlement roads,198; relations with Chongqing,262,267; proclamation on return of Chinese relations with Wang Jingwei regime, property,61; recognized by Japan,197; 262–63,267 relations with Vichy regime,262–63; Vietnam,126 and the return of confiscated factories, Vietnamese: community in the French 32; and Sino-French relations,262–63; Concession,265; employees of French sought defection of Yu Xiaqing,196; police, 259,265 threat to Guomindang,188 Violet monthly (Ziluolan),332,332n13 Wang Jiyu,305 Vocational Circles National Salvation Wang Kemin,72 Association (Zhiye jiu jiuguo hui),108 Wang Liling,332,342n30 Vocational Women’s Club (Zhiye funü Wang Manyun,189,190,199,204,220 julebu),99,100 Wang Ming (Shen Shaoyu),212 Wang Shaozhai,193 wages,and inflation,122–23 Wang Tianmu,211 Wakeman,Frederic,41,85,288,289 Wang Tongzhao,330 Wales,Nym,321 Wang Wei,138 Wan Molin,193 Wang Xiaolai,193 Wang Benpu,336n19 Wang Xinheng,195 Wang Bo (Shen Ji),336n19 Wang Yaokui,204 Wang Cuixing,224n35 Wang Yaoshan,212 Wang Fuzhou,133n87 Wang Yuqing,52,56 Wang Jingwei: convened “Sixth National Wang Zhenjiang,175n37 Congress of the Guomindang,” 189; Wang Zhenya,175n37 and crime in the International Wang Zhongyuan (collaborator in Liren Settlement,117; draft treaty with the xing),349,353,354,355–56 Japanese,195–96; and labor,211, Wannan Incident,98,98n14 219–20,222,224,227,228; peace Wansui banyuekan (Ten thousand years movement of,188,206; protests by bi-weekly),332 Shanghai industrialists to,40n110; Wanxian,131 secret police of,219n25,223; special Wanxiang yuekan (Phenomena monthly), service organization of,195 330–31,332 Wang Jingwei regime: assumed war damages,20–25,20n7 administrative control over warlordism,165

388

Index

Wartime Goods Transport Management Women’s Circle to Resist Japan and Save Bureau (Zhanshi huoyun guanli ju), the Nation,305n4 133–34 women’s collective,358,360 wartime Shanghai,depicted in film, women’s magazines. See home journals; 346–47 periodicals,women’s; Shanghai funü Water and Land Communications Unified women’s movement,357 Inspectorate (Shuilu jiaotong tongyi Women’s Voices Monthly (Nüsheng jiancha chu),137 yuekan),334–35,334n15 Wavell,A. P.,252 Wong,Siu-lun,48 weaving industry,27,28,29n51 wood industry,22,39 Weixin zhengfu. See Reformed wool,28,121 Government workers: cost of living of,40,211–12; in Wen Lanting,60,71,77n25,204 industrial firms in 1943 and 1944,39; Wen Yin,337n21 from Jiangbei,217,223,224,225; lack Wen Yutang,108 of support for collaboration,8; protests Wenzhou,132,148n158 of 1940–1941,8; and Shanghai Western District (Huxi): bombing in,50; politics,227. See also labor crime in,238; factories moved to, Workers’ League of the Chinese Republic 32–34; grain sales in,121n24; Great (Zhonghua minguo gongren Way Government jurisdiction over, tongmenghui),216 170; Great Way police bureau in, Workers Loyal and Patriotic National 177–78; pacification team in,160, Salvation Army Training Squad, 160n2,160n4; peace maintenance 206 committee in,172; personnel lists for working class,making of,226 Great Way Government in,185n66; workplace ties,108n35 self-government committee in,175, workshops,42 185n66; Society for the Economic writers: Shanghai school,329; women, Reconstruction of the Western District 337–38,340–42,343–44. See also of Shanghai,33. See also literature extrasettlement road area Wu Chengzhi,340n27 West Shanghai General Labor Union, Wu Haohao,337n21 218,220,221; and the Jessfield Park Wu Jiangfeng,340n27 strike,225,226,227; and the Labor Wu Jingguan,197 Movement Steering Committee,224 Wu Kaixian: arrest of,198–201; disciple wheat,59,126 of Du Yuesheng,193; effort to get Yu White Russians,233,249 Xiaqing to leave Shanghai,196; women: in the communist underground, intelligence work in Shanghai,73; and 349; educated,312–13,349,352–53; labor control,210; meetings with Zhou life during wartime portrayed in Liren Fohai,200; and the reconstruction of xing,348–59; moral responsibility of, the Guomindang underground in 321; new-style,352; proletarian,348; Shanghai,190–91; restored radio role of,in state and society,308n14; communications with Chongqing,193; sustaining ordinary lives during and the Shanghai United Committee, Japanese occupation,302,322–23; and 191,192,194–95,208; and Tong wartime print culture,12,326–27,328, Xingbai,189 344; writers,337–38,340–42,343–44. Wu Kunsheng,56 See also domesticity Wu Liguo,76

389

Index

Wu Mingyi,101 223n34,225,225n39,225n41; murder Wu Qiding,107 of,223; wrote chapter on CFTE Wu Shaoshu,73,195n25,201 strikes,215n14 Wu Tiecheng,196,219 Xu Baiyi,334,334n14,334n15, Wu Yiqing,144 335 Wu Yunqing,144 Xu Caicheng,193,196,199; and Wuhan,51,69 cross-zone trade,202; and the Tongji Wujin (Jiangsu),124 Company,203–4,205 Wusong: businessmen in,46; and Great Xu Guangcheng,77 Way Government jurisdiction,170; Xu Guangping,305,305n4 refugees from,52; self-government Xu Guanqun: campaign for healthy home, committee of,180 81–83; as citizen of People’s Republic Wusong River,180 of China,68n4; commercial empire of, Wuxi,49,102,141,347 78; connections with Nationalists,73; established branch in Chongqing,70; Xian,70 financial institutions of,74; financial Xiandai (Les contemporains),329 transactions of 74–75; flight to Hong Xiaoshuo yuebao (Fiction monthly), Kong,71,84–85; marketing network 332 of,69; memoir of,68,68n4; moved Xiaowan,180 equipment inland while maintaining Xie Baosheng,190 Shanghai business,69–70; opened Xin jiating (New home),334 Guangcheng pharmacy school,77–78; Xin nüxing (New women),348 political alliances of,71–73; and Xin Zhongguo baoshe,340n27 popularization of science,82; positions Xingfu (Domestic bliss),336 in International Settlement,71; Xinhua,175 relations with Japanese-sponsored Xinjiang,78 Chinese officials,72; relationships Xinqun (underground activist in Liren with Communists,73; return to xing),349,353,356,358,360 Shanghai,85; as self-identified fixer,9, Xinwen bao,194 66,68,85,86–87; sold medical Xinya da jiudian,124 products to the Japanese,72. See also Xinya jianye gongsi (New Asia New Asia Pharmaceutical Company Reconstruction Company),74 Xu Jinxian,287n34 Xinyaoye zhiyaoye lianhehui (Alliance of Xu Sheng,215n13 the New Medicine Trade and the Xu Shiying,193 Pharmaceutical Industry),72n11 Xu Zhuodai,83n42 Xinya qiye jituan (New Asia Enterprise Xu Ziwei,205 Group),68 Xuan Tiewu,136 Xinya zhiyao chang. See New Asia Pharmaceutical Company Yan Duhe,285 Xinyi chuxinhui,225n41 Yan Xueting,279,287–88 Xu Amei: association with Communist Yang Hu,193 Party,219n25; collaboration with Yang,Mayfair,108n35 Zhang Kechang,219,219n25; and Yang Wei,193 federation of communication and Yang Xiuzhen,332 utility company employees,219; leader Yang Naiwu (storytelling script), of CFTE union,222–23; mentioned, 280n2

390

Index

Yangshupu: cotton industry in,22n20, Yuetangji,94 51; factories in,21; Japanese closure Y¯uh¯o Textile Company,51,61 of,234; labor in,210,215; unions in, Yuhuatai (Jade Flower Terrace) execution 218,220; war in,20,21 ground,146 Yangzi River,34n78,46,92 Yuliang (husband in Liren xing),352–55, Yangzi steam cabin boys’ union, 356 210 Yunshu tongzhi ju (Transport Control Yan ju jiu dui (Ninth Brigade Theater Bureau),133,134 Troupe),347 Yuyao,140 Yao,Chief Deputy Commissioner of Yuyuan Road Conference (1939),218 Police,250 Yao Huiquan,194 Zaojin,175 Yaoyuan de ai (Faraway love; Chen Zazhi yuekan. See Miscellany Monthly Liting),346 Zeng Guangfang,76,82 Yen bloc,30 Zeng Guofan,141 Yexie Town,182 Zeng Wenqiang,332 Yichang,131 Zeng Xigui,133n86 Yi jiang chun shui xiang dong liu (A Zhabei: businessmen in,46; Great Way spring river ﬂows east; Cai Chusheng; Government jurisdiction over,170; Zheng Junli),346,348 industry in,21,23; refugees from,52; Yinhang xuehui (Banking Study war in,20,21 Society),40n111 Zhang Ailing. See Chang,Eileen Yiqianjie (The World of Banking),24 Zhang Aliu,109 yisen yosen (using war to nourish war), Zhang Desheng,217 116n2 Zhang Fubao,223n34,225 Yiyoushe (Helpful Friend Society),91, Zhang Genfu,93–94 91n4,93,103 Zhang Henshui,83n42 yi zhan yang zhan (using war to nourish Zhang Jia’ao,74 war),116n2 Zhang Jin’gen,102 Yongda Transport Company,91,93 Zhang Jixian,193 Yorke,Reginald,244 Zhang Junliang,139–40,140n117 Youhang jiancha chu (Postal and Aviation Zhang Kechang,189,190,219,220,221 Inspection Ofﬁce),137 Zhang Qi,215n13,215n14,219n25 youji dui (roving strike forces),138n110 Zhang Qun,191 Yousheng (factory worker in Liren xing), Zhang Xiaolin,197 351,352,355 Zhang Yingzeng,189 Youth Corps,178 Zhang Yongkang,225n42 Yu Fengjian,197 Zhang Yongzong,215n13 Yu Guixiang,223n34 Zhangjiabang,182 Yu He,76 Zhanshi huoyun guanli ju (Wartime Yu Hongjun,191n12 Goods Transport Management Yu Qie,330 Bureau),133,134 Yu Shaoming,332 Zhanshi lianhe xunkan (Wartime united Yu Xiaqing,126n49,196 triweekly),309n16 Yu Yaoqiu,220,222 Zhao Dan,347,352 Yuan Lideng,204 Zhao Rudiao,71,76,77 Yuan Ludeng,71,77n25 Zhao Yuan,347

391

Index

Zhaofeng gongyuan da bagong (Jessfield Zhonghua zhiye jiaoyu she (China Park Strike),222–25 Vocational Education Society),194 Zhejiang: blockade of,35; food supplies Zhongtong,100,194 in,147; refugees from,29 Zhongyang yanjiu yuan (Academia Zhen Junli,346 Sinica),76–77 Zheng Dingwen,330 Zhou Bangjun,284,294 Zheng Jiemin,205 Zhou Fohai: established Committee for Zheng Yitong,189 Popular Movements,221–22; meeting Zheng Yuzhi,106 with Wu Kaixian after his arrest,199; Zhengxue xi (Political Study Clique), mentioned,194; and the Minhua 73–75 Company,204; and puppet currency, Zhenjiang (Jiangsu): flour mills in,124; 124; pursued contacts between Wang smuggling of goods to Communist Jingwei and Chongqing regimes,200; bases through,92,93,94 and Wang Jingwei,188 Zhenli (Truth),215 Zhou Guoqiang,225,225n41,226 Zhenru,159n2,170 Zhou Lianxia,332 Zhiye funü julebu (Vocational Women’s Zhou Ling,332 Club),99,100 Zhou Naiwen,144 Zhiye jiu jiuguo hui (Vocational Circles Zhou Shoujuan,83n42,329,332,332n13 National Salvation Association), Zhou Weilong,193 108 Zhou Xuexiang,210 Zhong Biao,124 Zhu Bangxing,215n13 Zhongguo gongren yundong xiehui Zhu Boquan,74 (Association for the Chinese Labor Zhu Huiqing,203 Movement),219 Zhu Lin,347 Zhongguo gongye yinhang (China Zhu Shengyuan,197 Industrial Bank),74 Zhu Wenju,287n34 Zhongguo gongye yuebao, Zhu Wenying,305 34n80 Zhu Xuefan: and Green Gang Zhongguo gongye yuekan,38 organization in French concession, Zhongguo Guomindang zhongyang 179; and the Post Office Employees’ weiyuanhui diaocha ju (Zhongtong), Union,219; and the Shanghai General 100,194 Labor Union,210,220; and the Zhongguo nübao (Chinese women’s Shanghai United Committee,193 newspaper),333 Zhu Yuzhen: difficulty controlling Zhongguo wuxiandian,286n30 self-government committees,174; Zhongguo xin nüjiezazhi (Journal of a established workers’ league,216; and new Chinese women’s world),333 Great Way Government police force, Zhonghua minguo gongren tongmenghui 161,179; and taxation,180 (Workers’ League of the Chinese Zhujiajiao,279 Republic),216 Zilan huapian (Violet petals),334 Zhonghua shiye xintuo gongsi (China Ziluolan (Violet monthly),332 Industry and Commerce Trust Zou Taofen,320n53 Company),202–3 Zuo Junzhi (Tamura Toshiko),334n15

392