FSD1195

EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994

Codebook

FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018.

This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (7.8.2018) of the data.

Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere

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$ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2018-08-14 11:42:38.790000 $ To the reader

This codebook is part of the data FSD1195 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:

Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) & Sänkiaho, Risto (University of Tam- pere): EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018- 08-07). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T- FSD1195

The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication informa- tion received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis- tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a re- spondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

Contents

1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles ...... 1 1.2 Subject description ...... 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data ...... 3 1.4 Use of data ...... 3

2 Variables 7

3 Indexes 131 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence ...... 131 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order ...... 143

A Questionnaire in Finnish 155

B Questionnaire in English 183

i

Chapter 1

Study description

1.1 Titles

Titles and data version: EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 Titles and data version in Finnish: Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994 This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (7.8.2018) of the data.

1.2 Subject description

Authoring entity

Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) Sänkiaho, Risto (University of Tampere)

Copyright statement for the data

According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor.

Depositor

Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere)

Date of deposit

29.1.2002

1 1. Study description

Keywords

Europe; integration; political action; political behaviour; political participation; referendum; voting; voting behaviour

Topic Classification

Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: international politics and organisations; media; political behaviour and attitudes

Series description

The data belong to the series:

Individual datasets

Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.

Abstract

The survey studied Finnish political participation and attitudes to the EU membership referen- dum pre- and post-referendum. Other questions examined what respondents thought of refer- endums on the whole, what were their political leanings and attitudes to different groups (e.g. refugees, police, certain nationalities). Respondents stated their views on e.g. exercising influence by voting, decision-makers’ attitudes to voters, the need to supervise industry and commerce, immigration, equality between men and women and income disparity. They were asked about maintaining the traditional Finnish values, scaling down the public sector, restricting women’s right to abortion and increasing the price of alcoholic beverages. Some questions dealt with the level of confidence in politicians, the position of Finnish parties on the left-right axis and the most important objectives of political activity. The survey queried how often respondents read about political and foreign affairs in the newspa- per, watched news or current affairs programmes on the television or listened to Finnish Broad- casting Company’s (YLE) radio news. Respondents were asked whether the media had affected their opinion of Finland’s EU membership, how important the membership was to them and would they have preferred to leave the decision to the government and parliament. The opinions of the respondents’ friends and relatives on EU membership were examined. Respondents were asked how interested and how well informed they were of EU issues, what was their stand on Finland’s membership and did they intend to vote in the referendum. Respondents’ views on the consequences of EU membership on various matters, e.g. Finland’s environment, economic life, employment, agriculture, social security, equality, military secu- rity, national independence and living conditions were also surveyed. The final themes explored

2 1.3. Structure and collection of the data opinions about Finland’s foreign policy, policy of neutrality, armed defence, armed forces fi- nancing and EU’s effect on Finland’s security situation. Background variables included knowl- edge of foreign languages, income, education, gender and region of residence.

1.3 Structure and collection of the data

Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Finns born before 1976, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: September 1994 – November 1994 Data collector(s): Gallup Finland Data producer(s): University of Tampere Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview, Telephone interview, Self-administered ques- tionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1994 Time method of the data collection: Cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 257 variables and 1559 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Multistage The stratified sampling design was three-staged. Firstly the number of subjects required by the survey was divided regionally by province. In the second stage the number of subjects was divided within each province into municipality subgroups, depending on the municipality type. City municipalities were grouped into big and small cities and rural municipalities into three different subgroups based on the occupational structure of the population. The third stage consisted of sampling starting points from the sample municipalities according to their popu- lation size. The interviews were conducted with the random-walk method. Six interviews were made starting from the randomly selected starting points. One member corresponding to the age and gender eligibility criteria was chosen for the interview from every sample household. 1568 persons were interviewed. Nine interviews were excluded because the respondent did not have the right to vote, so the data contain 1559 subjects. Of these 1316 participated in the post-referendum survey, which was conducted over the telephone or in some cases by mailed questionnaire.

1.4 Use of data

Data appraisal

The data contain both pre-referendum questions (q1-q97) and post-referendum questions (p1- p22). The variables connected to open-ended questions are excluded: respondent’s occupation

3 1. Study description

(q3, q4), spouse’s occupation (q8), which newspapers the respondent reads (q40), reasons for opposing or supporting EU membership (q59), reasons why Finland should join or not join the EU (q61a, q61b, q62a, q62b), best debaters on television (p2), most convincing public figures (p4), main reasons for voting for or against the EU (p9, p10) and the reason for not voting at all (p12).

Related publications

Becker, Julia: The Permanent Blues? Comparing Participation and Vote Choice in EU Referen- dums between 1972 and 2016. Master thesis, University of Konstanz. 2017. Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teok- sessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 115-127. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Kaczmarek, Krzysztof (2017). The Process of Europeanization of Finland With a Particular Purpose of Lapland. Politiikantutkimuksen väitöskirja. Moen, Kathrine L. & Øyangen, Irene & Jenssen, Anders Todal (1996). The 1994 Nordic EU Referendums Study: Study description and codebook. Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Department of Sociology and Political Science. ISS-Rapport; 44. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 128 - 153. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Politiikkatietämyksen ajallinen vaihtelu Suomessa. Politiikka, 52(2), 133- 139. Rapeli, Lauri & Borg, Sami (2016). Kiinnostavaa mutta monimutkaista. Tiedot, osallistuminen ja suhtautuminen vaikuttamiseen. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskun- tavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), 358-378. Helsinki: Oikeusmin- isteriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/2016. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-259-517-1 Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusmin- isteriön julkaisu 2006:1. Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994: raportti äänestäjien kannanotoista (1994). Toim. Pesonen, Pertti. Helsinki: Ulkoasiainministeriö, eurooppatiedotus. To join or not to join: three Nordic referendums on membership in the European Union (1998). Toim. Anders Todal Jenssen & Pertti Pesonen & Mikael Gilljam. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. Valentini, Chiara (2008). Promoting the European Union. Comparative analysis of EU com- munication strategies in Finland and in Italy. Germany, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. Valentini, Chiara (2008). Promoting the European Union. Comparative analysis of EU com- munication strategies in Finland and in Italy. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä. Jyväskylä University Printing House. Updated list of publications in the study description at

https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD1195?lang=en&study_language=en

4 1.4. Use of data

Location of the data collection

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Weighting

There are no weight variables in the data.

Restrictions

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

5

Chapter 2

Variables

[FSD_NO] FSD study number

Question

FSD study number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 1195.00 maximum 1195.00 mean 1195.00 standard deviation 0.00

[FSD_VR] FSD edition number

Question

FSD edition number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 2.00 maximum 2.00 mean 2.00 standard deviation 0.00

7 2. Variables

[FSD_ID] FSD case id

Question

FSD case id

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 1.00 maximum 1559.00 mean 780.00 standard deviation 450.19

[Q1] Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity?

Question

Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Employee 1 580 37.2 37.2 Farmer, self-employed, entrepreneur 2 162 10.4 10.4 Unemployed 3 207 13.3 13.3 In military service 4 6 0.4 0.4 Student 5 184 11.8 11.8 On old age pension 6 227 14.6 14.6 On early retirement 7 113 7.2 7.2 Homemaker 8 59 3.8 3.8 Something else 9 21 1.3 1.3 Can’t say 10 0 0.0 0.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q2] How many employees do you have?

Question

How many employees do you have?

Frequencies

8 Q6

label value n % v. % No employees 1 100 6.4 61.3 1-9 employees 2 43 2.8 26.4 10 employees or more 3 6 0.4 3.7 Irrelevant 4 4 0.3 2.5 Can’t say 5 10 0.6 6.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1396 89.5 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q5] In which branch do you/did you work?

Question

In which branch do you/did you work?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Agriculture, forestry, fishing 1 154 9.9 11.9 Industry, handicraft, mining 2 239 15.3 18.4 Construction 3 93 6.0 7.2 Commerce 4 111 7.1 8.6 Banking, insurance and real estate 5 39 2.5 3.0 Private services (hotels, restaurants, hairdressers) 6 96 6.2 7.4 Transportation, mail and telecommunication 7 79 5.1 6.1 Municipal and state administration 8 129 8.3 9.9 Teaching and research 9 90 5.8 6.9 Public services (police, defence, health care, church) 10 141 9.0 10.9 Other branch 11 98 6.3 7.6 Irrelevant/not in employment 12 21 1.3 1.6 Can’t say 13 7 0.4 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 262 16.8 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q6] Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer?

Question

Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer?

Frequencies

9 2. Variables

label value n % v. % The state 1 147 9.4 11.3 Municipality, federation of municipalities, parish 2 292 18.7 22.5 State-owned company 3 48 3.1 3.7 Private manufacturing company 4 215 13.8 16.6 Private service company 5 223 14.3 17.2 Other private enterprise 6 141 9.0 10.9 Own farm 7 91 5.8 7.0 Own business 8 64 4.1 4.9 Something else 9 35 2.2 2.7 Is not/not in employment 10 24 1.5 1.9 Can’t say 11 17 1.1 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 262 16.8 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q7] Respondent’s marital status

Question

Respondent’s marital status

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Married 1 780 50.0 50.1 Cohabiting 2 193 12.4 12.4 Single 3 351 22.5 22.5 Widowed 4 104 6.7 6.7 Divorced 5 129 8.3 8.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 2 0.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q9] Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization?

Question

Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization?

Frequencies

10 Q11_1

label value n % v. % SAK Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions 1 328 21.0 21.0 AKAVA Confederation of Unions for Academic Pro- 2 158 10.1 10.1 fessionals STTK Finnish Confederation of Salaried Employees 3 158 10.1 10.1 MTK Central Union of Agricultural Producers and 4 79 5.1 5.1 Forest Owners SYKL Confederation of Finnish Entrepreneurs 5 12 0.8 0.8 Other organization, which? 6 195 12.5 12.5 Not a member 7 610 39.1 39.1 Can’t say 8 19 1.2 1.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q10] (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a mem- ber?

Question

(IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Active member 1 92 5.9 9.7 Non-active member 2 803 51.5 84.8 Can’t say 3 52 3.3 5.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 612 39.3 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q11_1] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization

Question

Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organiza- tion

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not a member 1 1355 86.9 86.9 Non-active member 2 119 7.6 7.6

(continued on next page)

11 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Active member 3 57 3.7 3.7 Can’t say 4 28 1.8 1.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q11_2] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization

Question

Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not a member 1 1304 83.6 83.6 Non-active member 2 163 10.5 10.5 Active member 3 55 3.5 3.5 Can’t say 4 37 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q11_3] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club

Question

Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not a member 1 1197 76.8 76.8 Non-active member 2 190 12.2 12.2 Active member 3 145 9.3 9.3 Can’t say 4 27 1.7 1.7 1559 100.0 100.0

12 Q11_6

[Q11_4] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women’s organization

Question

Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women’s organization

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not a member 1 1437 92.2 92.2 Non-active member 2 42 2.7 2.7 Active member 3 38 2.4 2.4 Can’t say 4 42 2.7 2.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q11_5] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization

Question

Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not a member 1 1315 84.3 84.3 Non-active member 2 132 8.5 8.5 Active member 3 76 4.9 4.9 Can’t say 4 36 2.3 2.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q11_6] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist organization

Question

Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist or- ganization

Frequencies

13 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not a member 1 1402 89.9 89.9 Non-active member 2 91 5.8 5.8 Active member 3 32 2.1 2.1 Can’t say 4 34 2.2 2.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q11_7] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cultural organization

Question

Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cul- tural organization

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not a member 1 1358 87.1 87.1 Non-active member 2 71 4.6 4.6 Active member 3 95 6.1 6.1 Can’t say 4 35 2.2 2.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q12_1] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: No

Question

Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: No

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 415 26.6 26.6 Mentioned 1 1144 73.4 73.4 1559 100.0 100.0

14 Q12_4

[Q12_2] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member

Question

Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1315 84.3 84.3 Mentioned 1 244 15.7 15.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q12_3] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member

Question

Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/non- active member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1434 92.0 92.0 Mentioned 1 125 8.0 8.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q12_4] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Can’t say

Question

Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: Can’t say

Frequencies

15 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1551 99.5 99.5 Mentioned 1 8 0.5 0.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q13] How interested are you in politics?

Question

How interested are you in politics?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very interested 1 211 13.5 13.5 Rather interested 2 617 39.6 39.6 Not very interested 3 565 36.2 36.2 Not at all interested 4 158 10.1 10.1 Can’t say 5 8 0.5 0.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q14] When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you?

Question

When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 98 6.3 6.3 Sometimes 2 524 33.6 33.6 Never 3 912 58.5 58.5 Can’t say 4 25 1.6 1.6 1559 100.0 100.0

16 Q15_3

[Q15_1] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent?

Question

Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 413 26.5 26.5 Could do 2 504 32.3 32.3 Would not do 3 589 37.8 37.8 Can’t say 4 53 3.4 3.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q15_2] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstra- tion?

Question

Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 117 7.5 7.5 Could do 2 423 27.1 27.1 Would not do 3 972 62.3 62.3 Can’t say 4 47 3.0 3.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q15_3] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper?

Question

Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper?

17 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 61 3.9 3.9 Could do 2 343 22.0 22.0 Would not do 3 1109 71.1 71.1 Can’t say 4 46 3.0 3.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q15_4] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician?

Question

Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 277 17.8 17.8 Could do 2 562 36.0 36.0 Would not do 3 683 43.8 43.8 Can’t say 4 37 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q15_5] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button?

Question

Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 120 7.7 7.7 Could do 2 179 11.5 11.5 Would not do 3 1212 77.7 77.7

(continued on next page)

18 Q16

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Can’t say 4 48 3.1 3.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q15_6] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event?

Question

Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 415 26.6 26.6 Could do 2 474 30.4 30.4 Would not do 3 635 40.7 40.7 Can’t say 4 35 2.2 2.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q16] Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular politi- cal party?

Question

Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 787 50.5 50.5 No 2 726 46.6 46.6 Can’t say 3 45 2.9 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1 0.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

19 2. Variables

[Q17] What party do you support?

Question

What party do you support?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Centre Party (KESK) 1 165 10.6 20.9 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 2 208 13.3 26.4 National Coalition Party (KOK) 3 170 10.9 21.5 Left Alliance (VAS) 4 52 3.3 6.6 Green League (VIHR) 5 40 2.6 5.1 Swedish People’s Party (RKP) 6 31 2.0 3.9 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 7 11 0.7 1.4 Christian League (SKL) 8 22 1.4 2.8 Liberal Party (LKP) 9 3 0.2 0.4 Other party 10 6 0.4 0.8 Refused to say 11 80 5.1 10.1 Irrelevant 12 1 0.1 0.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 770 49.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_1] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 34 2.2 2.2 -4 2 28 1.8 1.8 -3 3 32 2.1 2.1 -2 4 39 2.5 2.5 -1 5 24 1.5 1.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 285 18.3 18.4 +1 7 155 9.9 10.0 +2 8 241 15.5 15.5

(continued on next page)

20 Q18_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % +3 9 335 21.5 21.6 +4 10 177 11.4 11.4 +5 (very positive) 11 190 12.2 12.3 Can’t say 12 10 0.6 0.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 9 0.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_2] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 86 5.5 5.5 -4 2 54 3.5 3.5 -3 3 79 5.1 5.1 -2 4 116 7.4 7.5 -1 5 123 7.9 7.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 313 20.1 20.1 +1 7 222 14.2 14.3 +2 8 243 15.6 15.6 +3 9 179 11.5 11.5 +4 10 69 4.4 4.4 +5 (very positive) 11 58 3.7 3.7 Can’t say 12 12 0.8 0.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 5 0.3 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_3] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs

21 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 8 0.5 0.5 -4 2 5 0.3 0.3 -3 3 6 0.4 0.4 -2 4 14 0.9 0.9 -1 5 8 0.5 0.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 100 6.4 6.4 +1 7 81 5.2 5.2 +2 8 193 12.4 12.4 +3 9 374 24.0 24.0 +4 10 352 22.6 22.6 +5 (very positive) 11 405 26.0 26.0 Can’t say 12 13 0.8 0.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_4] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 141 9.0 9.1 -4 2 47 3.0 3.0 -3 3 73 4.7 4.7 -2 4 69 4.4 4.4 -1 5 106 6.8 6.8 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 409 26.2 26.3 +1 7 196 12.6 12.6 +2 8 204 13.1 13.1 +3 9 182 11.7 11.7 +4 10 76 4.9 4.9 +5 (very positive) 11 45 2.9 2.9 Can’t say 12 6 0.4 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 5 0.3 – 1559 100.0 100.0

22 Q18_6

[Q18_5] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 63 4.0 4.1 -4 2 38 2.4 2.5 -3 3 61 3.9 3.9 -2 4 72 4.6 4.7 -1 5 92 5.9 6.0 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 504 32.3 32.6 +1 7 189 12.1 12.2 +2 8 175 11.2 11.3 +3 9 166 10.6 10.7 +4 10 90 5.8 5.8 +5 (very positive) 11 73 4.7 4.7 Can’t say 12 22 1.4 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 14 0.9 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_6] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 11 0.7 0.7 -4 2 10 0.6 0.6 -3 3 20 1.3 1.3 -2 4 11 0.7 0.7 -1 5 15 1.0 1.0

(continued on next page)

23 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 125 8.0 8.0 +1 7 108 6.9 6.9 +2 8 251 16.1 16.1 +3 9 361 23.2 23.2 +4 10 331 21.2 21.3 +5 (very positive) 11 306 19.6 19.7 Can’t say 12 7 0.4 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 3 0.2 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_7] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 113 7.2 7.3 -4 2 65 4.2 4.2 -3 3 83 5.3 5.4 -2 4 105 6.7 6.8 -1 5 154 9.9 10.0 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 520 33.4 33.7 +1 7 152 9.7 9.9 +2 8 163 10.5 10.6 +3 9 104 6.7 6.7 +4 10 39 2.5 2.5 +5 (very positive) 11 37 2.4 2.4 Can’t say 12 8 0.5 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 16 1.0 – 1559 100.0 100.0

24 Q18_9

[Q18_8] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 110 7.1 7.1 -4 2 41 2.6 2.7 -3 3 56 3.6 3.6 -2 4 60 3.8 3.9 -1 5 54 3.5 3.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 545 35.0 35.3 +1 7 132 8.5 8.6 +2 8 154 9.9 10.0 +3 9 157 10.1 10.2 +4 10 93 6.0 6.0 +5 (very positive) 11 99 6.4 6.4 Can’t say 12 41 2.6 2.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 17 1.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_9] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 97 6.2 6.3 -4 2 45 2.9 2.9 -3 3 81 5.2 5.3 -2 4 79 5.1 5.1 -1 5 100 6.4 6.5

(continued on next page)

25 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 576 36.9 37.5 +1 7 129 8.3 8.4 +2 8 119 7.6 7.7 +3 9 96 6.2 6.2 +4 10 46 3.0 3.0 +5 (very positive) 11 127 8.1 8.3 Can’t say 12 42 2.7 2.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 22 1.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_10] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 113 7.2 7.3 -4 2 68 4.4 4.4 -3 3 122 7.8 7.9 -2 4 127 8.1 8.2 -1 5 112 7.2 7.2 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 397 25.5 25.6 +1 7 170 10.9 10.9 +2 8 163 10.5 10.5 +3 9 115 7.4 7.4 +4 10 69 4.4 4.4 +5 (very positive) 11 54 3.5 3.5 Can’t say 12 43 2.8 2.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 6 0.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

26 Q18_12

[Q18_11] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 57 3.7 3.7 -4 2 53 3.4 3.4 -3 3 85 5.5 5.5 -2 4 94 6.0 6.1 -1 5 138 8.9 8.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 409 26.2 26.4 +1 7 200 12.8 12.9 +2 8 195 12.5 12.6 +3 9 140 9.0 9.0 +4 10 69 4.4 4.5 +5 (very positive) 11 62 4.0 4.0 Can’t say 12 45 2.9 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 12 0.8 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_12] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 72 4.6 4.6 -4 2 59 3.8 3.8 -3 3 102 6.5 6.6 -2 4 120 7.7 7.7 -1 5 120 7.7 7.7

(continued on next page)

27 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 417 26.7 26.9 +1 7 203 13.0 13.1 +2 8 175 11.2 11.3 +3 9 127 8.1 8.2 +4 10 62 4.0 4.0 +5 (very positive) 11 43 2.8 2.8 Can’t say 12 52 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 7 0.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_13] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 190 12.2 12.3 -4 2 95 6.1 6.1 -3 3 139 8.9 9.0 -2 4 149 9.6 9.6 -1 5 159 10.2 10.3 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 456 29.2 29.4 +1 7 137 8.8 8.8 +2 8 85 5.5 5.5 +3 9 41 2.6 2.6 +4 10 23 1.5 1.5 +5 (very positive) 11 25 1.6 1.6 Can’t say 12 52 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.5 – 1559 100.0 100.0

28 Q18_15

[Q18_14] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 63 4.0 4.1 -4 2 38 2.4 2.5 -3 3 62 4.0 4.0 -2 4 73 4.7 4.7 -1 5 109 7.0 7.0 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 453 29.1 29.2 +1 7 260 16.7 16.8 +2 8 197 12.6 12.7 +3 9 135 8.7 8.7 +4 10 79 5.1 5.1 +5 (very positive) 11 27 1.7 1.7 Can’t say 12 54 3.5 3.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 9 0.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_15] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People’s Party

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People’s Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 90 5.8 5.8 -4 2 44 2.8 2.8 -3 3 75 4.8 4.9 -2 4 72 4.6 4.7 -1 5 119 7.6 7.7

(continued on next page)

29 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 587 37.7 38.0 +1 7 204 13.1 13.2 +2 8 155 9.9 10.0 +3 9 80 5.1 5.2 +4 10 43 2.8 2.8 +5 (very positive) 11 18 1.2 1.2 Can’t say 12 58 3.7 3.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 14 0.9 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_16] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 150 9.6 9.7 -4 2 70 4.5 4.5 -3 3 118 7.6 7.6 -2 4 137 8.8 8.9 -1 5 165 10.6 10.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 544 34.9 35.3 +1 7 157 10.1 10.2 +2 8 74 4.7 4.8 +3 9 50 3.2 3.2 +4 10 12 0.8 0.8 +5 (very positive) 11 14 0.9 0.9 Can’t say 12 52 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 16 1.0 – 1559 100.0 100.0

30 Q18_18

[Q18_17] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 113 7.2 7.3 -4 2 80 5.1 5.2 -3 3 103 6.6 6.7 -2 4 103 6.6 6.7 -1 5 137 8.8 8.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 554 35.5 35.9 +1 7 173 11.1 11.2 +2 8 102 6.5 6.6 +3 9 77 4.9 5.0 +4 10 27 1.7 1.7 +5 (very positive) 11 29 1.9 1.9 Can’t say 12 47 3.0 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 14 0.9 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_18] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 68 4.4 4.4 -4 2 42 2.7 2.7 -3 3 69 4.4 4.5 -2 4 65 4.2 4.2 -1 5 111 7.1 7.2

(continued on next page)

31 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 778 49.9 50.4 +1 7 180 11.5 11.7 +2 8 100 6.4 6.5 +3 9 50 3.2 3.2 +4 10 12 0.8 0.8 +5 (very positive) 11 6 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 12 62 4.0 4.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 16 1.0 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_19] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK)

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 45 2.9 2.9 -4 2 45 2.9 2.9 -3 3 58 3.7 3.7 -2 4 78 5.0 5.0 -1 5 88 5.6 5.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 358 23.0 23.1 +1 7 224 14.4 14.4 +2 8 224 14.4 14.4 +3 9 180 11.5 11.6 +4 10 94 6.0 6.1 +5 (very positive) 11 104 6.7 6.7 Can’t say 12 53 3.4 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.5 – 1559 100.0 100.0

32 Q18_21

[Q18_20] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 27 1.7 1.8 -4 2 15 1.0 1.0 -3 3 41 2.6 2.7 -2 4 78 5.0 5.1 -1 5 89 5.7 5.8 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 550 35.3 35.8 +1 7 253 16.2 16.5 +2 8 213 13.7 13.9 +3 9 114 7.3 7.4 +4 10 50 3.2 3.3 +5 (very positive) 11 34 2.2 2.2 Can’t say 12 73 4.7 4.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 22 1.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_21] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK)

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 111 7.1 7.2 -4 2 73 4.7 4.7 -3 3 82 5.3 5.3 -2 4 136 8.7 8.8

(continued on next page)

33 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % -1 5 134 8.6 8.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 465 29.8 30.1 +1 7 163 10.5 10.5 +2 8 132 8.5 8.5 +3 9 91 5.8 5.9 +4 10 57 3.7 3.7 +5 (very positive) 11 38 2.4 2.5 Can’t say 12 65 4.2 4.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 12 0.8 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_22] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 3 0.2 0.2 -4 2 3 0.2 0.2 -3 3 13 0.8 0.8 -2 4 9 0.6 0.6 -1 5 10 0.6 0.6 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 205 13.1 13.2 +1 7 164 10.5 10.5 +2 8 274 17.6 17.6 +3 9 359 23.0 23.1 +4 10 283 18.2 18.2 +5 (very positive) 11 215 13.8 13.8 Can’t say 12 17 1.1 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 4 0.3 – 1559 100.0 100.0

34 Q18_24

[Q18_23] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 20 1.3 1.3 -4 2 13 0.8 0.8 -3 3 14 0.9 0.9 -2 4 43 2.8 2.8 -1 5 54 3.5 3.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 246 15.8 15.8 +1 7 240 15.4 15.4 +2 8 291 18.7 18.7 +3 9 290 18.6 18.6 +4 10 211 13.5 13.6 +5 (very positive) 11 119 7.6 7.7 Can’t say 12 14 0.9 0.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 4 0.3 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_24] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 24 1.5 1.5 -4 2 18 1.2 1.2 -3 3 32 2.1 2.1 -2 4 39 2.5 2.5 -1 5 95 6.1 6.1 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 326 20.9 21.0

(continued on next page)

35 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % +1 7 278 17.8 17.9 +2 8 257 16.5 16.6 +3 9 232 14.9 14.9 +4 10 162 10.4 10.4 +5 (very positive) 11 73 4.7 4.7 Can’t say 12 16 1.0 1.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 7 0.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_25] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 10 0.6 0.6 -4 2 8 0.5 0.5 -3 3 9 0.6 0.6 -2 4 26 1.7 1.7 -1 5 57 3.7 3.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 383 24.6 24.7 +1 7 271 17.4 17.5 +2 8 288 18.5 18.6 +3 9 216 13.9 13.9 +4 10 154 9.9 9.9 +5 (very positive) 11 93 6.0 6.0 Can’t say 12 34 2.2 2.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 10 0.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_26] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians

36 Q18_27

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 30 1.9 1.9 -4 2 13 0.8 0.8 -3 3 30 1.9 1.9 -2 4 57 3.7 3.7 -1 5 72 4.6 4.6 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 338 21.7 21.8 +1 7 240 15.4 15.5 +2 8 255 16.4 16.4 +3 9 253 16.2 16.3 +4 10 130 8.3 8.4 +5 (very positive) 11 111 7.1 7.1 Can’t say 12 24 1.5 1.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 6 0.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_27] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 17 1.1 1.1 -4 2 18 1.2 1.2 -3 3 21 1.3 1.4 -2 4 41 2.6 2.7 -1 5 91 5.8 5.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 558 35.8 36.2 +1 7 237 15.2 15.4 +2 8 227 14.6 14.7 +3 9 154 9.9 10.0 +4 10 88 5.6 5.7 +5 (very positive) 11 51 3.3 3.3 Can’t say 12 39 2.5 2.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 17 1.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

37 2. Variables

[Q18_28] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 101 6.5 6.5 -4 2 48 3.1 3.1 -3 3 112 7.2 7.3 -2 4 138 8.9 8.9 -1 5 165 10.6 10.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 424 27.2 27.5 +1 7 183 11.7 11.9 +2 8 169 10.8 10.9 +3 9 93 6.0 6.0 +4 10 53 3.4 3.4 +5 (very positive) 11 36 2.3 2.3 Can’t say 12 22 1.4 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 15 1.0 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q18_29] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans

Question

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans

Frequencies

label value n % v. % -5 (very negative) 1 14 0.9 0.9 -4 2 6 0.4 0.4 -3 3 24 1.5 1.5 -2 4 46 3.0 3.0 -1 5 84 5.4 5.4

(continued on next page)

38 Q19_2

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 364 23.3 23.5 +1 7 288 18.5 18.6 +2 8 276 17.7 17.8 +3 9 234 15.0 15.1 +4 10 118 7.6 7.6 +5 (very positive) 11 73 4.7 4.7 Can’t say 12 22 1.4 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 10 0.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_1] Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don’t much care what ordinary people think

Question

Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don’t much care what ordinary people think

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 468 30.0 30.0 Agree to some extent 2 701 45.0 45.0 Disagree to some extent 3 286 18.3 18.3 Strongly disagree 4 66 4.2 4.2 Both agree and disagree 5 30 1.9 1.9 Can’t say 6 8 0.5 0.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_2] Political parties are only intrested in people’s votes, not in their opinions

Question

Political parties are only intrested in people’s votes, not in their opinions

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 530 34.0 34.0

(continued on next page)

39 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Agree to some extent 2 686 44.0 44.0 Disagree to some extent 3 257 16.5 16.5 Strongly disagree 4 53 3.4 3.4 Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can’t say 6 15 1.0 1.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_3] By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country

Question

By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 356 22.8 22.8 Agree to some extent 2 591 37.9 37.9 Disagree to some extent 3 377 24.2 24.2 Strongly disagree 4 187 12.0 12.0 Both agree and disagree 5 21 1.3 1.3 Can’t say 6 27 1.7 1.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_4] In Finland’s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands

Question

In Finland’s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 200 12.8 12.8 Agree to some extent 2 466 29.9 29.9 Disagree to some extent 3 414 26.6 26.6 Strongly disagree 4 406 26.0 26.0

(continued on next page)

40 Q19_6

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can’t say 6 55 3.5 3.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_5] Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential

Question

Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 636 40.8 40.8 Agree to some extent 2 600 38.5 38.5 Disagree to some extent 3 184 11.8 11.8 Strongly disagree 4 54 3.5 3.5 Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can’t say 6 67 4.3 4.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_6] People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics

Question

People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 440 28.2 28.2 Agree to some extent 2 417 26.7 26.7 Disagree to some extent 3 439 28.2 28.2 Strongly disagree 4 232 14.9 14.9 Both agree and disagree 5 13 0.8 0.8 Can’t say 6 18 1.2 1.2 1559 100.0 100.0

41 2. Variables

[Q19_7] Finland’s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration

Question

Finland’s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 205 13.1 13.1 Agree to some extent 2 348 22.3 22.3 Disagree to some extent 3 458 29.4 29.4 Strongly disagree 4 485 31.1 31.1 Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can’t say 6 45 2.9 2.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_8] Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other coun- tries

Question

Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 797 51.1 51.1 Agree to some extent 2 444 28.5 28.5 Disagree to some extent 3 220 14.1 14.1 Strongly disagree 4 51 3.3 3.3 Both agree and disagree 5 9 0.6 0.6 Can’t say 6 38 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_9] Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite un- derstand what is going on

Question

Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on

Frequencies

42 Q19_11

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 601 38.6 38.6 Agree to some extent 2 611 39.2 39.2 Disagree to some extent 3 201 12.9 12.9 Strongly disagree 4 109 7.0 7.0 Both agree and disagree 5 14 0.9 0.9 Can’t say 6 23 1.5 1.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_10] In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else

Question

In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 397 25.5 25.5 Agree to some extent 2 792 50.8 50.8 Disagree to some extent 3 213 13.7 13.7 Strongly disagree 4 69 4.4 4.4 Both agree and disagree 5 15 1.0 1.0 Can’t say 6 73 4.7 4.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_11] In order to enhance people’s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences

Question

In order to enhance people’s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 138 8.9 8.9 Agree to some extent 2 363 23.3 23.3 Disagree to some extent 3 454 29.1 29.1

(continued on next page)

43 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Strongly disagree 4 525 33.7 33.7 Both agree and disagree 5 27 1.7 1.7 Can’t say 6 52 3.3 3.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_12] Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters

Question

Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 596 38.2 38.2 Agree to some extent 2 713 45.7 45.7 Disagree to some extent 3 177 11.4 11.4 Strongly disagree 4 25 1.6 1.6 Both agree and disagree 5 21 1.3 1.3 Can’t say 6 27 1.7 1.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q19_13] When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns

Question

When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 1092 70.0 70.0 Agree to some extent 2 374 24.0 24.0 Disagree to some extent 3 63 4.0 4.0 Strongly disagree 4 13 0.8 0.8 Both agree and disagree 5 3 0.2 0.2 Can’t say 6 14 0.9 0.9 1559 100.0 100.0

44 Q21_1

[Q19_14] Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country

Question

Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly agree 1 750 48.1 48.1 Agree to some extent 2 459 29.4 29.4 Disagree to some extent 3 212 13.6 13.6 Strongly disagree 4 86 5.5 5.5 Both agree and disagree 5 12 0.8 0.8 Can’t say 6 40 2.6 2.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q20] Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far?

Question

Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Must be developed further 1 911 58.4 58.4 Has been developed far enough 2 417 26.7 26.7 Has gone too far 3 123 7.9 7.9 No opinion 4 82 5.3 5.3 Can’t say 5 26 1.7 1.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_1] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values

45 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 467 30.0 30.0 Rather good 2 684 43.9 43.9 Neither good nor bad 3 272 17.4 17.4 Rather bad 4 103 6.6 6.6 Very bad 5 9 0.6 0.6 Can’t say 6 24 1.5 1.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_2] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 388 24.9 24.9 Rather good 2 576 36.9 36.9 Neither good nor bad 3 266 17.1 17.1 Rather bad 4 211 13.5 13.5 Very bad 5 66 4.2 4.2 Can’t say 6 52 3.3 3.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_3] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth

Frequencies

(continued on next page)

46 Q21_5

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. %

label value n % v. % Very good 1 355 22.8 22.8 Rather good 2 644 41.3 41.3 Neither good nor bad 3 314 20.1 20.1 Rather bad 4 167 10.7 10.7 Very bad 5 28 1.8 1.8 Can’t say 6 51 3.3 3.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_4] What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abor- tion must be restricted

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 167 10.7 10.7 Rather good 2 197 12.6 12.6 Neither good nor bad 3 257 16.5 16.5 Rather bad 4 433 27.8 27.8 Very bad 5 425 27.3 27.3 Can’t say 6 80 5.1 5.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_5] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it

Frequencies

47 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Very good 1 149 9.6 9.6 Rather good 2 168 10.8 10.8 Neither good nor bad 3 257 16.5 16.5 Rather bad 4 490 31.4 31.4 Very bad 5 464 29.8 29.8 Can’t say 6 31 2.0 2.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_6] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 225 14.4 14.4 Rather good 2 546 35.0 35.0 Neither good nor bad 3 356 22.8 22.8 Rather bad 4 284 18.2 18.2 Very bad 5 89 5.7 5.7 Can’t say 6 59 3.8 3.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_7] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing countries

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing coun- tries

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 142 9.1 9.1 Rather good 2 258 16.5 16.5 Neither good nor bad 3 415 26.6 26.6

(continued on next page)

48 Q22

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Rather bad 4 505 32.4 32.4 Very bad 5 189 12.1 12.1 Can’t say 6 50 3.2 3.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q21_8] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated

Question

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 352 22.6 22.6 Rather good 2 552 35.4 35.4 Neither good nor bad 3 335 21.5 21.5 Rather bad 4 193 12.4 12.4 Very bad 5 68 4.4 4.4 Can’t say 6 59 3.8 3.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q22] In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians?

Question

In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 15 1.0 1.0 Quite a lot 2 288 18.5 18.5 Not very much 3 814 52.2 52.2 Not at all 4 414 26.6 26.6

(continued on next page)

49 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Can’t say 5 28 1.8 1.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q23A_1] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party

Question

Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Left 0 2 0.1 0.1 1 1 4 0.3 0.3 2 2 18 1.2 1.2 3 3 33 2.1 2.1 4 4 83 5.3 5.3 5 Neither lef nor right 5 352 22.6 22.6 6 6 308 19.8 19.8 7 7 329 21.1 21.1 8 8 213 13.7 13.7 9 9 80 5.1 5.1 Right 10 71 4.6 4.6 Can’t say 11 66 4.2 4.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q23A_2] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party

Question

Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Left 0 28 1.8 1.8 1 1 79 5.1 5.1

(continued on next page)

50 Q23A_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 2 2 196 12.6 12.6 3 3 413 26.5 26.5 4 4 398 25.5 25.5 5 Neither lef nor right 5 194 12.4 12.4 6 6 96 6.2 6.2 7 7 49 3.1 3.1 8 8 23 1.5 1.5 9 9 10 0.6 0.6 Right 10 7 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 11 66 4.2 4.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q23A_3] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party

Question

Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Left 0 5 0.3 0.3 1 1 4 0.3 0.3 2 2 13 0.8 0.8 3 3 22 1.4 1.4 4 4 26 1.7 1.7 5 Neither lef nor right 5 101 6.5 6.5 6 6 112 7.2 7.2 7 7 172 11.0 11.0 8 8 333 21.4 21.4 9 9 347 22.3 22.3 Right 10 349 22.4 22.4 Can’t say 11 75 4.8 4.8 1559 100.0 100.0

51 2. Variables

[Q23A_4] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Left Alliance

Question

Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Left Alliance

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Left 0 372 23.9 23.9 1 1 504 32.3 32.3 2 2 324 20.8 20.8 3 3 154 9.9 9.9 4 4 63 4.0 4.0 5 Neither lef nor right 5 54 3.5 3.5 6 6 12 0.8 0.8 7 7 5 0.3 0.3 8 8 0 0.0 0.0 9 9 3 0.2 0.2 Right 10 0 0.0 0.0 Can’t say 11 68 4.4 4.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q23A_5] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Green League

Question

Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Green League

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Left 0 10 0.6 0.6 1 1 31 2.0 2.0 2 2 69 4.4 4.4 3 3 138 8.9 8.9 4 4 278 17.8 17.8 5 Neither lef nor right 5 585 37.5 37.5 6 6 205 13.1 13.1 7 7 89 5.7 5.7

(continued on next page)

52 Q24

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 8 8 43 2.8 2.8 9 9 3 0.2 0.2 Right 10 14 0.9 0.9 Can’t say 11 94 6.0 6.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q23B] And where would you place yourself on the left-right scale?

Question

And where would you place yourself on the left-right scale?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Left 0 15 1.0 1.0 1 1 24 1.5 1.5 2 2 50 3.2 3.2 3 3 88 5.6 5.6 4 4 134 8.6 8.6 5 Neither lef nor right 5 510 32.7 32.7 6 6 210 13.5 13.5 7 7 196 12.6 12.6 8 8 133 8.5 8.5 9 9 48 3.1 3.1 Right 10 57 3.7 3.7 Can’t say 11 94 6.0 6.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q24] Did you vote in the last parliamentary elections in 1991?

Question

Did you vote in the last parliamentary elections in 1991?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 1297 83.2 83.2

(continued on next page)

53 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % I’m not sure, but probably voted 2 31 2.0 2.0 No, I did not vote 3 155 9.9 9.9 Don’t know, doesn’t want to answer 4 4 0.3 0.3 Did not have the right to vote 5 72 4.6 4.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q25] Which party did you vote for?

Question

Which party did you vote for?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Centre Party 1 232 14.9 17.5 Social Democratic Party 2 316 20.3 23.8 National Coalition Party 3 261 16.7 19.7 Left Alliance 4 66 4.2 5.0 Green League 5 97 6.2 7.3 Swedish People’s Party 6 63 4.0 4.7 Finnish Rural Party 7 23 1.5 1.7 Christian League 8 40 2.6 3.0 Liberal Party 9 10 0.6 0.8 Women’s Movement 10 1 0.1 0.1 Finnish Pensioniers’ Party 11 2 0.1 0.2 Constitutional Party 12 1 0.1 0.1 Other party 13 7 0.4 0.5 Does not remember 14 93 6.0 7.0 Does not want to say 15 110 7.1 8.3 Can’t say 16 6 0.4 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 231 14.8 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q26A] Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections last January?

Question

Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections last January?

Frequencies

54 Q27A

label value n % v. % Yes, I voted 1 1423 91.3 91.3 Don’t remember for sure, but probably voted 2 1 0.1 0.1 I did not vote 3 130 8.3 8.3 Can’t say, no answer 4 5 0.3 0.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q26B] Whom did you vote for?

Question

Whom did you vote for?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Elisabeth Rehn 2 389 25.0 27.3 Pekka Tiainen 3 12 0.8 0.8 Claes Andersson 4 50 3.2 3.5 Sulo Aittoniemi 5 5 0.3 0.4 Raimo Ilaskivi 6 141 9.0 9.9 Toimi Kankaanniemi 7 14 0.9 1.0 Paavo Väyrynen 8 166 10.6 11.7 Martti Ahtisaari 9 390 25.0 27.4 Pertti Virtanen 10 54 3.5 3.8 Eeva Kuuskoski 11 39 2.5 2.7 Keijo Korhonen 12 53 3.4 3.7 Did not vote 13 0 0.0 0.0 Does not remember 14 21 1.3 1.5 Does not want to say 15 89 5.7 6.3 Can’t say 16 1 0.1 0.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 135 8.7 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q27A] Did you vote in the second round of the presidential elections last February?

Question

Did you vote in the second round of the presidential elections last February?

Frequencies

55 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Yes, I voted 1 1369 87.8 87.8 I probably voted 2 5 0.3 0.3 I did not vote 3 172 11.0 11.0 Can’t say 4 13 0.8 0.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q27B] Which candidate did you then vote for?

Question

Which candidate did you then vote for?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Ahtisaari 1 683 43.8 49.7 Rehn 2 621 39.8 45.2 Did not vote 3 1 0.1 0.1 Does not remember 4 4 0.3 0.3 Does not want to say 5 65 4.2 4.7 Can’t say 6 0 0.0 0.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 185 11.9 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q28] If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you vote for?

Question

If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you vote for?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Centre Party 1 213 13.7 13.7 Social Democratic Party 2 368 23.6 23.6 National Coalition Party 3 221 14.2 14.2 Left Alliance 4 71 4.6 4.6 Green League 5 152 9.7 9.7 Swedish People’s Party 6 59 3.8 3.8 Finnish Rural Party 7 15 1.0 1.0

(continued on next page)

56 Q30A

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Christian League 8 41 2.6 2.6 Liberal Party 9 18 1.2 1.2 Women’s Movement 10 21 1.3 1.3 Finnish Pensioniers’ Party 11 11 0.7 0.7 Constitutional Party 12 4 0.3 0.3 Alliance for Free Finland 13 6 0.4 0.4 Other party 14 21 1.3 1.3 Would not vote 15 74 4.7 4.7 Does not want to say 16 94 6.0 6.0 Can’t say 17 170 10.9 10.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q29] How sure are you that you support the party you chose in the previ- ous question, or are you not very sure?

Question

How sure are you that you support the party you chose in the previous question, or are you not very sure?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Sure 1 647 41.5 52.9 Not very sure 2 551 35.3 45.0 Can’t say 3 19 1.2 1.6 Irrelevant 4 7 0.4 0.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 335 21.5 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q30A] This card lists four different goals for political activity. Which goal seems the most important to you?

Question

This card lists four different goals for political activity. Which goal seems the most important to you?

Frequencies

57 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Maintain law and order 1 428 27.5 27.5 Give people more say in decision-making 2 747 47.9 47.9 Fight rising prices 3 145 9.3 9.3 Protect freedom of speech 4 220 14.1 14.1 Can’t say 5 19 1.2 1.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q30B] Which goal do you regard as the second most important?

Question

Which goal do you regard as the second most important?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Maintain law and order 1 408 26.2 26.2 Give people more say in decision-making 2 292 18.7 18.7 Fight rising prices 3 306 19.6 19.6 Protect freedom of speech 4 524 33.6 33.6 Can’t say 5 29 1.9 1.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q30C] Which goal do you regard as the third most important?

Question

Which goal do you regard as the third most important?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Maintain law and order 1 441 28.3 28.3 Give people more say in decision-making 2 292 18.7 18.7 Fight rising prices 3 400 25.7 25.7 Protect freedom of speech 4 369 23.7 23.7 Can’t say 5 57 3.7 3.7 1559 100.0 100.0

58 Q32

[Q31A] Which of these geographic areas would you say you most belong to?

Question

Which of these geographic areas would you say you most belong to?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Home town/municipality 1 695 44.6 44.6 District or province 2 126 8.1 8.1 Finland 3 525 33.7 33.7 Nordic countries 4 93 6.0 6.0 Western Europe 5 54 3.5 3.5 The whole world 6 65 4.2 4.2 Can’t say 7 1 0.1 0.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q31B] And to which one do you belong second most?

Question

And to which one do you belong second most?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Home town/municipality 1 322 20.7 20.7 District or province 2 329 21.1 21.1 Finland 3 531 34.1 34.1 Nordic countries 4 212 13.6 13.6 Western Europe 5 110 7.1 7.1 The whole world 6 44 2.8 2.8 Can’t say 7 11 0.7 0.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q32] How proud are you to be Finnish?

Question

How proud are you to be Finnish?

Frequencies

59 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Very proud 1 672 43.1 43.1 Fairly proud 2 668 42.8 42.8 Not very proud 3 165 10.6 10.6 Not proud at all 4 40 2.6 2.6 Can’t say 5 14 0.9 0.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q33] If you compare your own financial situation with what it was two or three years ago, are you now better off, about the same or worse off?

Question

If you compare your own financial situation with what it was two or three years ago, are you now better off, about the same or worse off?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Better off 1 191 12.3 12.3 The same 2 603 38.7 38.7 Worse off 3 757 48.6 48.6 Can’t say 4 8 0.5 0.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q34] In your opinion, in what way has the economy of Finland changed during the past two or three years?

Question

In your opinion, in what way has the economy of Finland changed during the past two or three years?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Has improved 1 78 5.0 5.0 Is the same 2 156 10.0 10.0 Has got worse 3 1309 84.0 84.0 Can’t say 4 16 1.0 1.0 1559 100.0 100.0

60 Q37

[Q35] Looking ahead, how do you think your own financial situation will develop over the next two or three years?

Question

Looking ahead, how do you think your own financial situation will develop over the next two or three years?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Will become better 1 351 22.5 22.5 Will be the same 2 770 49.4 49.4 Will get worse 3 370 23.7 23.7 Can’t say 4 68 4.4 4.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q36] How would you say Finland’s economy will change over the next two or three years?

Question

How would you say Finland’s economy will change over the next two or three years?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Will improve 1 680 43.6 43.6 Will be the same 2 461 29.6 29.6 Will get worse 3 354 22.7 22.7 Can’t say 4 64 4.1 4.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q37] How would you say the economy will change in the European Union member countries over the next two or three years?

Question

How would you say the economy will change in the European Union member countries over the next two or three years?

Frequencies

61 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Will improve 1 381 24.4 24.4 Will be the same 2 661 42.4 42.4 Will get worse 3 316 20.3 20.3 Can’t say 4 201 12.9 12.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q38] If Finland joined the EU, would you say that your own financial sit- uation would get better or worse compared to the situation where Finland did not join?

Question

If Finland joined the EU, would you say that your own financial situation would get better or worse compared to the situation where Finland did not join?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would get better 1 202 13.0 13.0 No influence 2 920 59.0 59.0 would get worse 3 278 17.8 17.8 Can’t say 4 159 10.2 10.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q39A] How often do you read articles and news about politics in the news- papers?

Question

How often do you read articles and news about politics in the newspapers?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Never 1 68 4.4 4.4 Now and then 2 413 26.5 26.5 1-2 days a week 3 173 11.1 11.1 3-5 days a week 4 259 16.6 16.6 6-7 days a week 5 642 41.2 41.2 Can’t say 6 4 0.3 0.3 1559 100.0 100.0

62 Q42

[Q39B] And how often do you read foreign news?

Question

And how often do you read foreign news?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Never 1 69 4.4 4.4 Now and then 2 320 20.5 20.5 1-2 days a week 3 183 11.7 11.7 3-5 days a week 4 290 18.6 18.6 6-7 days a week 5 693 44.5 44.5 Can’t say 6 4 0.3 0.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q41] How many days a week do you usually watch television news broad- casted by YLE (Finnish Broadcasting Company)?

Question

How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by YLE (Finnish Broadcasting Company)?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Never 1 63 4.0 4.0 Now and then 2 192 12.3 12.3 1-2 days a week 3 130 8.3 8.3 3-5 days a week 4 384 24.6 24.6 6-7 days a week 5 790 50.7 50.7 Can’t say 6 0 0.0 0.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q42] How many days a week do you usually watch television news broad- casted by MTV?

Question

How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by MTV?

63 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Never 1 54 3.5 3.5 Now and then 2 167 10.7 10.7 1-2 days a week 3 175 11.2 11.2 3-5 days a week 4 479 30.7 30.7 6-7 days a week 5 683 43.8 43.8 Can’t say 6 1 0.1 0.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q43] How many days a week do you usually watch A-studio or other cur- rent affairs program on television?

Question

How many days a week do you usually watch A-studio or other current affairs program on television?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Never 1 73 4.7 4.7 Now and then 2 481 30.9 30.9 1-2 days a week 3 438 28.1 28.1 3-5 days a week 4 381 24.4 24.4 6-7 days a week 5 184 11.8 11.8 Can’t say 6 2 0.1 0.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q44] How many days a week do you usually listen to YLE radio news?

Question

How many days a week do you usually listen to YLE radio news?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Never 1 197 12.6 12.6 Now and then 2 497 31.9 31.9 1-2 days a week 3 116 7.4 7.4

(continued on next page)

64 Q46

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 3-5 days a week 4 196 12.6 12.6 6-7 days a week 5 549 35.2 35.2 Can’t say 6 4 0.3 0.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q45] How often do you discuss politics with other people?

Question

How often do you discuss politics with other people?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very often 1 107 6.9 6.9 Fairly often 2 455 29.2 29.2 Fairly seldom 3 725 46.5 46.5 Hardly ever 4 267 17.1 17.1 Can’t say 5 5 0.3 0.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q46] Has the information on EU issues provided by the media helped you to make up your own mind?

Question

Has the information on EU issues provided by the media helped you to make up your own mind?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very well 1 67 4.3 4.3 Fairly well 2 688 44.1 44.1 Not very well 3 489 31.4 31.4 Not at all 4 240 15.4 15.4 Can’t say 5 75 4.8 4.8 1559 100.0 100.0

65 2. Variables

[Q47] How important a decision is it to Finland to decide whether to join the European Union or not?

Question

How important a decision is it to Finland to decide whether to join the European Union or not?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The most important decision 1 819 52.5 52.5 One of the important decisions 2 561 36.0 36.0 Not very important 3 141 9.0 9.0 Can’t say 4 38 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q48] Would it have been better if the Government and Parliament had made the decision about Finland’s EU membership, or was it the right thing to hold a referendum?

Question

Would it have been better if the Government and Parliament had made the decision about Fin- land’s EU membership, or was it the right thing to hold a referendum?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Government and Parliament should have decided 1 211 13.5 13.5 Referendum was the right thing 2 1310 84.0 84.0 Can’t say 3 38 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q49] In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the ref- erendum, or would you let Parliament decide the other way?

Question

In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum, or would you let Parliament decide the other way?

Frequencies

66 Q51

label value n % v. % Abide by the outcome 1 1219 78.2 78.2 Parliament can decide 2 284 18.2 18.2 Can’t say 3 56 3.6 3.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q50] When thinking about your family and closest friends, are they gen- erally for or against EU membership?

Question

When thinking about your family and closest friends, are they generally for or against EU membership?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % For membership 1 388 24.9 24.9 Against membership 2 351 22.5 22.5 Equally for or against 3 495 31.8 31.8 No opinion 4 233 14.9 14.9 Can’t say 5 92 5.9 5.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q51] How often have you discussed the EU membership issue with your family and friends?

Question

How often have you discussed the EU membership issue with your family and friends?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very often 1 199 12.8 12.8 Fairly often 2 669 42.9 42.9 Seldom 3 549 35.2 35.2 Hardly ever 4 123 7.9 7.9 Can’t say 5 19 1.2 1.2 1559 100.0 100.0

67 2. Variables

[Q52] And what is the general opinion at your work, school etc, are people for or against the EU membership?

Question

And what is the general opinion at your work, school etc, are people for or against the EU membership?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Mostly for 1 356 22.8 22.8 Mostly against 2 274 17.6 17.6 Equally for or against 3 350 22.5 22.5 No definite opinion 4 359 23.0 23.0 Can’t say 5 220 14.1 14.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q53] How often have you discussed the EU issue with your colleagues or fellow students?

Question

How often have you discussed the EU issue with your colleagues or fellow students?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very often 1 110 7.1 7.1 Fairly often 2 473 30.3 30.3 Seldom 3 585 37.5 37.5 Hardly ever 4 230 14.8 14.8 Don’t meet other people 5 91 5.8 5.8 Can’t say 6 70 4.5 4.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q54] When you talked about the EU membership issue with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion?

Question

When you talked about the EU membership issue with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion?

68 Q56

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 118 7.6 7.6 Sometimes 2 419 26.9 26.9 Never 3 970 62.2 62.2 Can’t say 4 52 3.3 3.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q55] How much does the EU issue interest you?

Question

How much does the EU issue interest you?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very interested 1 449 28.8 28.8 Rather interested 2 760 48.7 48.7 Not very interested 3 283 18.2 18.2 Not at all interested 4 53 3.4 3.4 Can’t say 5 14 0.9 0.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q56] How well informed do you consider yourself to be about issues re- lated to the EU membership?

Question

How well informed do you consider yourself to be about issues related to the EU membership?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very well 1 60 3.8 3.8 Fairly well 2 510 32.7 32.7 Not very well 3 749 48.0 48.0 Not at all well 4 218 14.0 14.0 Can’t say 5 22 1.4 1.4 1559 100.0 100.0

69 2. Variables

[Q57] Are you in favour of or against Finland’s membership in the EU?

Question

Are you in favour of or against Finland’s membership in the EU?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % In favour 1 604 38.7 38.7 Against 2 462 29.6 29.6 Have not made up my mind yet 3 447 28.7 28.7 Can’t say 4 46 3.0 3.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q58] Do you have a sure opinion on the membership issue or are you un- certain?

Question

Do you have a sure opinion on the membership issue or are you uncertain?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Sure opinion 1 863 55.4 80.9 Uncertain 2 169 10.8 15.8 Can’t say 3 35 2.2 3.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 492 31.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q60] Do you think that there are also good arguments for the opposite opinion, or do you think there are no grounds for counter-arguments?

Question

Do you think that there are also good arguments for the opposite opinion, or do you think there are no grounds for counter-arguments?

Frequencies

70 Q63_2

label value n % v. % Good arguments for opposite opinion also 1 568 36.4 53.3 No important counter-arguments 2 341 21.9 32.0 Can’t say 3 157 10.1 14.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 493 31.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_1] How big an impact the following persons and institutions have had on your opinion on the EU membership: Your family

Question

How big an impact the following persons and institutions have had on your opinion on the EU membership: Your family

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 95 6.1 6.1 Fairly big 2 275 17.6 17.6 Not very big 3 606 38.9 38.9 No impact at all 4 563 36.1 36.1 Can’t say 5 20 1.3 1.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_2] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Close friends

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Close friends

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 31 2.0 2.0 Fairly big 2 238 15.3 15.3 Not very big 3 692 44.4 44.4 No impact at all 4 579 37.1 37.1 Can’t say 5 19 1.2 1.2 1559 100.0 100.0

71 2. Variables

[Q63_3] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Work colleagues/fellow students

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Work colleagues/fellow students

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 28 1.8 1.8 Fairly big 2 145 9.3 9.3 Not very big 3 564 36.2 36.2 No impact at all 4 736 47.2 47.2 Can’t say 5 86 5.5 5.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_4] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The political party you support

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The political party you support

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 49 3.1 3.1 Fairly big 2 210 13.5 13.5 Not very big 3 496 31.8 31.8 No impact at all 4 735 47.1 47.1 Can’t say 5 69 4.4 4.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_5] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The newspaper you read

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The newspaper you read

72 Q63_7

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 38 2.4 2.4 Fairly big 2 441 28.3 28.3 Not very big 3 600 38.5 38.5 No impact at all 4 441 28.3 28.3 Can’t say 5 39 2.5 2.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_6] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Television

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Television

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 54 3.5 3.5 Fairly big 2 583 37.4 37.4 Not very big 3 550 35.3 35.3 No impact at all 4 335 21.5 21.5 Can’t say 5 37 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_7] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign for EU membership

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign for EU membership

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 27 1.7 1.7 Fairly big 2 197 12.6 12.6

(continued on next page)

73 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Not very big 3 614 39.4 39.4 No impact at all 4 670 43.0 43.0 Can’t say 5 51 3.3 3.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_8] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign against EU membership

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign against EU membership

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 36 2.3 2.3 Fairly big 2 203 13.0 13.0 Not very big 3 580 37.2 37.2 No impact at all 4 688 44.1 44.1 Can’t say 5 52 3.3 3.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_9] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: General information about the EU

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: General information about the EU

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 76 4.9 4.9 Fairly big 2 448 28.7 28.7 Not very big 3 575 36.9 36.9 No impact at all 4 399 25.6 25.6

(continued on next page)

74 Q63_11

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Can’t say 5 61 3.9 3.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_10] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of SAK (Central Orga- nization of Trade Unions)

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of SAK (Central Organization of Trade Unions)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 12 0.8 0.8 Fairly big 2 116 7.4 7.4 Not very big 3 415 26.6 26.6 No impact at all 4 957 61.4 61.4 Can’t say 5 59 3.8 3.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q63_11] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of MTK (Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners)

Question

How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of MTK (Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very big 1 40 2.6 2.6 Fairly big 2 149 9.6 9.6 Not very big 3 388 24.9 24.9 No impact at all 4 932 59.8 59.8

(continued on next page)

75 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Can’t say 5 50 3.2 3.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q64_1] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU hampers our ability to control the economy of our country

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU hampers our ability to control the economy of our country

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 239 15.3 15.3 Good 2 444 28.5 28.5 Neither good nor bad 3 291 18.7 18.7 Bad 4 436 28.0 28.0 Very bad 5 101 6.5 6.5 Can’t say 6 48 3.1 3.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q64_2] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Promoting equality between men and women becomes more difficult if we join the EU

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Promoting equality between men and women becomes more difficult if we join the EU

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 75 4.8 4.8 Good 2 229 14.7 14.7 Neither good nor bad 3 421 27.0 27.0 Bad 4 555 35.6 35.6 Very bad 5 189 12.1 12.1 Can’t say 6 90 5.8 5.8

(continued on next page)

76 Q64_4

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q64_3] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Enterprises want the membership in order to get rid of political guidance and control

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Enterprises want the membership in order to get rid of political guidance and control

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 118 7.6 7.6 Good 2 384 24.6 24.6 Neither good nor bad 3 489 31.4 31.4 Bad 4 343 22.0 22.0 Very bad 5 83 5.3 5.3 Can’t say 6 142 9.1 9.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q64_4] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means giving up our national independence

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means giving up our national independence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 213 13.7 13.7 Good 2 309 19.8 19.8 Neither good nor bad 3 283 18.2 18.2 Bad 4 489 31.4 31.4 Very bad 5 193 12.4 12.4 Can’t say 6 72 4.6 4.6 1559 100.0 100.0

77 2. Variables

[Q64_5] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: The only way to solve environmental problems is cooperation between EU member states

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: The only way to solve environmental prob- lems is cooperation between EU member states

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 140 9.0 9.0 Good 2 513 32.9 32.9 Neither good nor bad 3 321 20.6 20.6 Bad 4 386 24.8 24.8 Very bad 5 117 7.5 7.5 Can’t say 6 82 5.3 5.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q64_6] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU helps strengthen our national defence

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU helps strengthen our national defence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 169 10.8 10.8 Good 2 497 31.9 31.9 Neither good nor bad 3 388 24.9 24.9 Bad 4 290 18.6 18.6 Very bad 5 112 7.2 7.2 Can’t say 6 103 6.6 6.6 1559 100.0 100.0

78 Q64_8

[Q64_7] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: We must join the EU in order to secure our place in Western world

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: We must join the EU in order to secure our place in Western world

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 239 15.3 15.3 Good 2 440 28.2 28.2 Neither good nor bad 3 314 20.1 20.1 Bad 4 343 22.0 22.0 Very bad 5 150 9.6 9.6 Can’t say 6 73 4.7 4.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q64_8] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: If we join the EU, ordinary Finns will no longer have the possibility to influence things, as Brussels and the power will be so far away

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: If we join the EU, ordinary Finns will no longer have the possibility to influence things, as Brussels and the power will be so far away

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 320 20.5 20.5 Good 2 399 25.6 25.6 Neither good nor bad 3 312 20.0 20.0 Bad 4 361 23.2 23.2 Very bad 5 110 7.1 7.1 Can’t say 6 57 3.7 3.7 1559 100.0 100.0

79 2. Variables

[Q64_9] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: As an EU member state, we have more influence on our own future than we would have by staying outside the Union

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: As an EU member state, we have more influence on our own future than we would have by staying outside the Union

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 112 7.2 7.2 Good 2 512 32.8 32.8 Neither good nor bad 3 401 25.7 25.7 Bad 4 306 19.6 19.6 Very bad 5 123 7.9 7.9 Can’t say 6 105 6.7 6.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q64_10] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means hard times for our country but life outside the Union would be even harder

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means hard times for our country but life outside the Union would be even harder

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 149 9.6 9.6 Good 2 431 27.6 27.6 Neither good nor bad 3 446 28.6 28.6 Bad 4 312 20.0 20.0 Very bad 5 95 6.1 6.1 Can’t say 6 126 8.1 8.1 1559 100.0 100.0

80 Q65_1

[Q64_11] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: It is of no use to oppose the EU membership as Finland will join anyway

Question

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: It is of no use to oppose the EU membership as Finland will join anyway

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very good 1 137 8.8 8.8 Good 2 275 17.6 17.6 Neither good nor bad 3 337 21.6 21.6 Bad 4 441 28.3 28.3 Very bad 5 259 16.6 16.6 Can’t say 6 110 7.1 7.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q65_1] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: The environment

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: The environment

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 99 6.4 6.4 Would improve somewhat 2 559 35.9 35.9 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 600 38.5 38.5 Would make a bit worse 4 194 12.4 12.4 Would make much worse 5 39 2.5 2.5 Can’t say 6 68 4.4 4.4 1559 100.0 100.0

81 2. Variables

[Q65_2] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: The economy

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: The economy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 254 16.3 16.3 Would improve somewhat 2 724 46.4 46.4 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 286 18.3 18.3 Would make a bit worse 4 180 11.5 11.5 Would make much worse 5 43 2.8 2.8 Can’t say 6 72 4.6 4.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q65_3] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Employment

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Employment

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 72 4.6 4.6 Would improve somewhat 2 600 38.5 38.5 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 507 32.5 32.5 Would make a bit worse 4 237 15.2 15.2 Would make much worse 5 86 5.5 5.5 Can’t say 6 57 3.7 3.7 1559 100.0 100.0

82 Q65_5

[Q65_4] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Agriculture

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Agriculture

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 30 1.9 1.9 Would improve somewhat 2 109 7.0 7.0 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 328 21.0 21.0 Would make a bit worse 4 694 44.5 44.5 Would make much worse 5 348 22.3 22.3 Can’t say 6 50 3.2 3.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q65_5] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Social security

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Social security

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 9 0.6 0.6 Would improve somewhat 2 49 3.1 3.1 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 658 42.2 42.2 Would make a bit worse 4 562 36.0 36.0 Would make much worse 5 207 13.3 13.3 Can’t say 6 74 4.7 4.7 1559 100.0 100.0

83 2. Variables

[Q65_6] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Equality between men and women

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Equality between men and women

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 12 0.8 0.8 Would improve somewhat 2 103 6.6 6.6 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 1008 64.7 64.7 Would make a bit worse 4 279 17.9 17.9 Would make much worse 5 70 4.5 4.5 Can’t say 6 87 5.6 5.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q65_7] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Military security

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Military security

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 131 8.4 8.4 Would improve somewhat 2 556 35.7 35.7 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 559 35.9 35.9 Would make a bit worse 4 153 9.8 9.8 Would make much worse 5 66 4.2 4.2 Can’t say 6 94 6.0 6.0 1559 100.0 100.0

84 Q65_9

[Q65_8] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: National independence

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: National independence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 17 1.1 1.1 Would improve somewhat 2 68 4.4 4.4 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 640 41.1 41.1 Would make a bit worse 4 499 32.0 32.0 Would make much worse 5 291 18.7 18.7 Can’t say 6 44 2.8 2.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q65_9] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Possibility to influence the development of the EU

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Possibility to influence the development of the EU

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 93 6.0 6.0 Would improve somewhat 2 708 45.4 45.4 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 463 29.7 29.7 Would make a bit worse 4 127 8.1 8.1 Would make much worse 5 86 5.5 5.5 Can’t say 6 82 5.3 5.3 1559 100.0 100.0

85 2. Variables

[Q65_10] How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Conditions of life in Finland as a whole

Question

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our country: Conditions of life in Finland as a whole

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would improve much 1 46 3.0 3.0 Would improve somewhat 2 479 30.7 30.7 Would neither improve nor make worse 3 541 34.7 34.7 Would make a bit worse 4 328 21.0 21.0 Would make much worse 5 91 5.8 5.8 Can’t say 6 74 4.7 4.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q66_1] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can travel freely within the EU

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can travel freely within the EU

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 270 17.3 17.3 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 575 36.9 36.9 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 575 36.9 36.9 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 75 4.8 4.8 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 29 1.9 1.9 Can’t say 6 35 2.2 2.2 1559 100.0 100.0

86 Q66_3

[Q66_2] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can choose their place of residence freely within the EU

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can choose their place of residence freely within the EU

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 192 12.3 12.3 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 545 35.0 35.0 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 620 39.8 39.8 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 115 7.4 7.4 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 47 3.0 3.0 Can’t say 6 40 2.6 2.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q66_3] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states have better possibilities to study in other EU countries

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states have better possibilities to study in other EU countries

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 357 22.9 22.9 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 735 47.1 47.1 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 394 25.3 25.3 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 20 1.3 1.3 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 10 0.6 0.6 Can’t say 6 43 2.8 2.8 1559 100.0 100.0

87 2. Variables

[Q66_4] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for export industry

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for export industry

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 486 31.2 31.2 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 695 44.6 44.6 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 279 17.9 17.9 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 36 2.3 2.3 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 13 0.8 0.8 Can’t say 6 50 3.2 3.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q66_5] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for our agriculture

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for our agriculture

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 24 1.5 1.5 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 139 8.9 8.9 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 559 35.9 35.9 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 517 33.2 33.2 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 268 17.2 17.2 Can’t say 6 52 3.3 3.3 1559 100.0 100.0

88 Q66_7

[Q66_6] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Food quality and prices

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Food quality and prices

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 94 6.0 6.0 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 476 30.5 30.5 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 540 34.6 34.6 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 277 17.8 17.8 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 135 8.7 8.7 Can’t say 6 37 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q66_7] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Quality and prices of household appliances and vehicles, durable goods in general

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Quality and prices of household appliances and vehicles, durable goods in general

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 73 4.7 4.7 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 418 26.8 26.8 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 802 51.4 51.4 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 155 9.9 9.9 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 44 2.8 2.8 Can’t say 6 67 4.3 4.3 1559 100.0 100.0

89 2. Variables

[Q66_8] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Employment situation in Finland

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Employment situation in Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 89 5.7 5.7 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 542 34.8 34.8 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 577 37.0 37.0 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 221 14.2 14.2 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 84 5.4 5.4 Can’t say 6 46 3.0 3.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q66_9] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Internal safety and security, general order in Finland

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Internal safety and security, general order in Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 81 5.2 5.2 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 276 17.7 17.7 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 704 45.2 45.2 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 326 20.9 20.9 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 119 7.6 7.6 Can’t say 6 53 3.4 3.4 1559 100.0 100.0

90 Q66_11

[Q66_10] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Safety and security of Finland

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Safety and security of Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 203 13.0 13.0 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 544 34.9 34.9 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 509 32.6 32.6 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 175 11.2 11.2 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 69 4.4 4.4 Can’t say 6 59 3.8 3.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q66_11] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: EU’s common foreign and security policy

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: EU’s common foreign and security policy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 118 7.6 7.6 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 430 27.6 27.6 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 554 35.5 35.6 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 271 17.4 17.4 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 90 5.8 5.8 Can’t say 6 95 6.1 6.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1 0.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

91 2. Variables

[Q66_12] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The aim of the EU to develop common defence policy, and common defence

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The aim of the EU to develop common defence policy, and common defence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 114 7.3 7.3 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 395 25.3 25.4 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 525 33.7 33.7 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 304 19.5 19.5 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 130 8.3 8.3 Can’t say 6 90 5.8 5.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1 0.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q66_13] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Finland can participate in decisions and formulation of directives

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Finland can participate in decisions and formulation of directives

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 146 9.4 9.4 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 554 35.5 35.6 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 491 31.5 31.5 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 193 12.4 12.4 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 104 6.7 6.7 Can’t say 6 70 4.5 4.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1 0.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

92 Q67

[Q66_14] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The impact EU decisions and directives would have on Finland

Question

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The impact EU decisions and directives would have on Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Significantly increases my support for membership 1 38 2.4 2.4 Increases my support for membership somewhat 2 254 16.3 16.3 Neither increases nor decreases my support 3 568 36.4 36.5 Decreases my support for membership somewhat 4 463 29.7 29.7 Significantly decreases my support for membership 5 137 8.8 8.8 Can’t say 6 97 6.2 6.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 2 0.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q67] Which of the following suggestions is closest to your own views?

Question

Which of the following suggestions is closest to your own views?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Finland doesn’t join the EU, and EEA treaty is nulli- 1 33 2.1 2.1 fied Finland doesn’t join the EU but EEA treaty is kept in 2 397 25.5 25.5 force F joins EU, abstains from common defence and single 3 347 22.3 22.3 currency Finland joins the EU, agrees to accept Maastricht 4 535 34.3 34.3 treaty Finland joins the EU, and works towards European 5 83 5.3 5.3 integration Something else 6 7 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 7 157 10.1 10.1 1559 100.0 100.0

93 2. Variables

[Q68_1] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Centre Party

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Centre Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 58 3.7 3.7 1 97 6.2 6.2 2 130 8.3 8.3 3 187 12.0 12.0 4 147 9.4 9.4 Neither for nor against 5 218 14.0 14.0 6 198 12.7 12.7 7 157 10.1 10.1 8 131 8.4 8.4 9 48 3.1 3.1 Strictly for EU membership 10 47 3.0 3.0 Can’t say 11 141 9.0 9.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q68_2] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Social Democratic Party of Finland

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Social Democratic Party of Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 2 0.1 0.1 1 7 0.4 0.4 2 21 1.3 1.3 3 50 3.2 3.2 4 68 4.4 4.4 Neither for nor against 5 113 7.2 7.2

(continued on next page)

94 Q68_4

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 6 179 11.5 11.5 7 246 15.8 15.8 8 328 21.0 21.0 9 218 14.0 14.0 Strictly for EU membership 10 176 11.3 11.3 Can’t say 11 151 9.7 9.7 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q68_3] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: National Coalition Party

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: National Coalition Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 2 0.1 0.1 1 4 0.3 0.3 2 7 0.4 0.4 3 6 0.4 0.4 4 14 0.9 0.9 Neither for nor against 5 52 3.3 3.3 6 82 5.3 5.3 7 129 8.3 8.3 8 315 20.2 20.2 9 388 24.9 24.9 Strictly for EU membership 10 417 26.7 26.7 Can’t say 11 143 9.2 9.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q68_4] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Left Alliance

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Left Alliance

95 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 125 8.0 8.0 1 190 12.2 12.2 2 274 17.6 17.6 3 229 14.7 14.7 4 171 11.0 11.0 Neither for nor against 5 194 12.4 12.4 6 75 4.8 4.8 7 45 2.9 2.9 8 34 2.2 2.2 9 10 0.6 0.6 Strictly for EU membership 10 19 1.2 1.2 Can’t say 11 193 12.4 12.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q68_5] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Green League

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Green League

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 35 2.2 2.2 1 66 4.2 4.2 2 113 7.2 7.2 3 179 11.5 11.5 4 229 14.7 14.7 Neither for nor against 5 411 26.4 26.4 6 195 12.5 12.5 7 78 5.0 5.0 8 29 1.9 1.9 9 12 0.8 0.8 Strictly for EU membership 10 7 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 11 205 13.1 13.1 1559 100.0 100.0

96 Q68_7

[Q68_6] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Swedish People’s Party

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Swedish People’s Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 9 0.6 0.6 1 17 1.1 1.1 2 19 1.2 1.2 3 27 1.7 1.7 4 44 2.8 2.8 Neither for nor against 5 162 10.4 10.4 6 147 9.4 9.4 7 255 16.4 16.4 8 314 20.1 20.1 9 226 14.5 14.5 Strictly for EU membership 10 137 8.8 8.8 Can’t say 11 202 13.0 13.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q68_7] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Finnish Rural Party

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Finnish Rural Party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 144 9.2 9.2 1 256 16.4 16.4 2 304 19.5 19.5 3 237 15.2 15.2 4 154 9.9 9.9 Neither for nor against 5 178 11.4 11.4

(continued on next page)

97 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 6 45 2.9 2.9 7 24 1.5 1.5 8 15 1.0 1.0 9 6 0.4 0.4 Strictly for EU membership 10 5 0.3 0.3 Can’t say 11 191 12.3 12.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q68_8] Do you think the following political party is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Christian League

Question

Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Christian League

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 219 14.0 14.0 1 264 16.9 16.9 2 206 13.2 13.2 3 159 10.2 10.2 4 159 10.2 10.2 Neither for nor against 5 230 14.8 14.8 6 70 4.5 4.5 7 31 2.0 2.0 8 14 0.9 0.9 9 4 0.3 0.3 Strictly for EU membership 10 6 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 11 197 12.6 12.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q69_1] Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organization of Industry and Employers

Question

Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organization of Industry and Employers

98 Q69_2

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 3 0.2 0.2 1 2 0.1 0.1 2 9 0.6 0.6 3 11 0.7 0.7 4 16 1.0 1.0 Neither for nor against 5 86 5.5 5.5 6 106 6.8 6.8 7 159 10.2 10.2 8 253 16.2 16.2 9 310 19.9 19.9 Strictly for EU membership 10 429 27.5 27.5 Can’t say 11 175 11.2 11.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q69_2] Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK)

Question

Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 4 0.3 0.3 1 8 0.5 0.5 2 12 0.8 0.8 3 43 2.8 2.8 4 76 4.9 4.9 Neither for nor against 5 161 10.3 10.3 6 237 15.2 15.2 7 249 16.0 16.0 8 288 18.5 18.5 9 184 11.8 11.8 Strictly for EU membership 10 124 8.0 8.0 Can’t say 11 173 11.1 11.1 1559 100.0 100.0

99 2. Variables

[Q69_3] Do you think the following organization is for or against Fin- land’s EU membership: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and For- est Owners (MTK)

Question

Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 287 18.4 18.4 1 287 18.4 18.4 2 246 15.8 15.8 3 200 12.8 12.8 4 139 8.9 8.9 Neither for nor against 5 132 8.5 8.5 6 69 4.4 4.4 7 28 1.8 1.8 8 19 1.2 1.2 9 13 0.8 0.8 Strictly for EU membership 10 12 0.8 0.8 Can’t say 11 127 8.1 8.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q70] Where on this scale would you place yourself?

Question

Where on this scale would you place yourself?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strictly against EU membership 0 144 9.2 9.2 1 117 7.5 7.5 2 71 4.6 4.6 3 74 4.7 4.7 4 90 5.8 5.8 Neither for nor against 5 286 18.3 18.3 6 143 9.2 9.2

(continued on next page)

100 Q72_1

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 7 162 10.4 10.4 8 200 12.8 12.8 9 104 6.7 6.7 Strictly for EU membership 10 101 6.5 6.5 Can’t say 11 67 4.3 4.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q71] Are you going to participate in the referendum on Finland’s EU membership?

Question

Are you going to participate in the referendum on Finland’s EU membership?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 1357 87.0 87.0 Possibly 2 106 6.8 6.8 Not going to vote 3 51 3.3 3.3 Can’t say 4 45 2.9 2.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q72_1] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Sign a petition or equivalent?

Question

In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Sign a petition or equivalent?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 74 4.7 4.7 Could do 2 599 38.4 38.4 Would not do 3 850 54.5 54.5 Can’t say 4 36 2.3 2.3 1559 100.0 100.0

101 2. Variables

[Q72_2] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a demonstration?

Question

In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a demonstration?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 11 0.7 0.7 Could do 2 303 19.4 19.4 Would not do 3 1216 78.0 78.0 Can’t say 4 29 1.9 1.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q72_3] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Write to a newspaper

Question

In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Write to a newspaper

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 18 1.2 1.2 Could do 2 341 21.9 21.9 Would not do 3 1163 74.6 74.6 Can’t say 4 37 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q72_4] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Contact a MP, municipal coun- cillor or other politician?

Question

In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Contact a MP, municipal councillor or other politician?

102 Q72_6

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 68 4.4 4.4 Could do 2 497 31.9 31.9 Would not do 3 961 61.6 61.6 Can’t say 4 33 2.1 2.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q72_5] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Use a campaign badge or button?

Question

In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Use a campaign badge or button?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 53 3.4 3.4 Could do 2 279 17.9 17.9 Would not do 3 1195 76.7 76.7 Can’t say 4 32 2.1 2.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q72_6] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a campaign event or meeting?

Question

In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a campaign event or meeting?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Have done 1 160 10.3 10.3 Could do 2 735 47.1 47.1 Would not do 3 632 40.5 40.5

(continued on next page)

103 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Can’t say 4 32 2.1 2.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q73] Do you happen to remember whether the EU has 6, 9, 12 or 15 mem- ber states at present?

Question

Do you happen to remember whether the EU has 6, 9, 12 or 15 member states at present?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 6 member states 1 87 5.6 5.6 9 member states 2 289 18.5 18.5 12 member states 3 761 48.8 48.8 15 member states 4 109 7.0 7.0 Can’t say 5 313 20.1 20.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q74] Do you know in which city the EU commission is located: is it in Paris, Strassbourg, Bonn or Brussels?

Question

Do you know in which city the EU commission is located: is it in Paris, Strassbourg, Bonn or Brussels?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Paris 1 11 0.7 0.7 Strassbourg 2 77 4.9 4.9 Bonn 3 10 0.6 0.6 Brussels 4 1369 87.8 87.8 Can’t say 5 92 5.9 5.9 1559 100.0 100.0

104 Q76_2

[Q75] Do you remember how many representatives Finland will have in the European Parliament if our country joins the EU: 12, 16, 20 or 24 repre- sentatives?

Question

Do you remember how many representatives Finland will have in the European Parliament if our country joins the EU: 12, 16, 20 or 24 representatives?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 12 representatives 1 718 46.1 46.1 16 representatives 2 339 21.7 21.7 20 representatives 3 47 3.0 3.0 24 representatives 4 40 2.6 2.6 Can’t say 5 415 26.6 26.6 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q76_1] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Sweden.

Question

Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Sweden.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 80 5.1 5.1 Mentioned 1 1479 94.9 94.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q76_2] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Norway.

Question

Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Norway.

Frequencies

105 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 142 9.1 9.1 Mentioned 1 1417 90.9 90.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q76_3] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Austria.

Question

Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Austria.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 806 51.7 51.7 Mentioned 1 753 48.3 48.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q76_4] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Some other country.

Question

Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Some other country.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1204 77.2 77.2 Mentioned 1 355 22.8 22.8 1559 100.0 100.0

106 Q77

[Q76_5] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Two other countries.

Question

Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Two other countries.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1511 96.9 96.9 Mentioned 1 48 3.1 3.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q76_6] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Respondent could’t say.

Question

Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Respondent could’t say.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1463 93.8 93.8 Mentioned 1 96 6.2 6.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q77] Austrians voted on their country’s EU membership in June. As far as you remember, which side won the Austrian referendum?

Question

Austrians voted on their country’s EU membership in June. As far as you remember, which side won the Austrian referendum?

Frequencies

107 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Yes (supporters of membership) won 1 875 56.1 56.1 No (opponents of membership) won 2 234 15.0 15.0 Can’t say 3 450 28.9 28.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q78] What do you predict will be the outcome of the referendum in Fin- land? How many people will vote Yes (in percentages)?

Question

What do you predict will be the outcome of the referendum in Finland? How many people will vote Yes (in percentages)?

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1558 minimum 0.00 maximum 98.00 mean 49.03 standard deviation 15.36

[Q79] Do you think that, over the next five years, Finns will live in a more or less secure world

Question

Do you think that, over the next five years, Finns will live in a more or less secure world

Frequencies

label value n % v. % In a more secure world 1 361 23.2 23.2 In a less secure workd 2 691 44.3 44.3 No change from the present 3 425 27.3 27.3 Can’t say 4 82 5.3 5.3 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q80_1] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: European integration

Question

Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: European integration

108 Q80_3

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Increases security significantly 1 205 13.1 13.1 Increases security to some extent 2 578 37.1 37.1 Neither increases nor reduces 3 436 28.0 28.0 Reduces security to some extent 4 232 14.9 14.9 Reduces security significantly 5 62 4.0 4.0 Can’t say 6 46 3.0 3.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q80_2] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union

Question

Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Increases security significantly 1 6 0.4 0.4 Increases security to some extent 2 41 2.6 2.6 Neither increases nor reduces 3 266 17.1 17.1 Reduces security to some extent 4 657 42.1 42.1 Reduces security significantly 5 541 34.7 34.7 Can’t say 6 48 3.1 3.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q80_3] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Finland

Question

Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Increases security significantly 1 27 1.7 1.7 Increases security to some extent 2 86 5.5 5.5

(continued on next page)

109 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Neither increases nor reduces 3 720 46.2 46.2 Reduces security to some extent 4 556 35.7 35.7 Reduces security significantly 5 121 7.8 7.8 Can’t say 6 49 3.1 3.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q80_4] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Increasing Russian armed forces near Finland, transferred from Central Europe and the Baltic states

Question

Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Increasing Russian armed forces near Finland, transferred from Central Europe and the Baltic states

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Increases security significantly 1 5 0.3 0.3 Increases security to some extent 2 27 1.7 1.7 Neither increases nor reduces 3 455 29.2 29.2 Reduces security to some extent 4 754 48.4 48.4 Reduces security significantly 5 264 16.9 16.9 Can’t say 6 54 3.5 3.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q80_5] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Unemployment in Finland

Question

Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Unemployment in Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Increases security significantly 1 9 0.6 0.6 Increases security to some extent 2 47 3.0 3.0 Neither increases nor reduces 3 447 28.7 28.7

(continued on next page)

110 Q82

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Reduces security to some extent 4 766 49.1 49.1 Reduces security significantly 5 251 16.1 16.1 Can’t say 6 39 2.5 2.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q81] In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years?

Question

In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very well 1 117 7.5 7.5 Rather well 2 1103 70.8 70.8 Rather poorly 3 236 15.1 15.1 Very poorly 4 41 2.6 2.6 Can’t say 5 62 4.0 4.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q82] What do you think about Finland’s policy of neutrality?

Question

What do you think about Finland’s policy of neutrality?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Importance of neutrality has decreased 1 602 38.6 38.6 Importance of neutrality has remained the same 2 675 43.3 43.3 Importance of neutrality has increased 3 189 12.1 12.1 Can’t say 4 93 6.0 6.0 1559 100.0 100.0

111 2. Variables

[Q83A] Which of the following basic defence policies is best for Finland?

Question

Which of the following basic defence policies is best for Finland?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Remain outside military alliances 1 577 37.0 37.0 Defence alliance and common defence with Sweden 2 122 7.8 7.8 During war common defence with Western armies 3 621 39.8 39.8 Participation in Western defence at peacetime also 4 134 8.6 8.6 During war, common defence with Russia 5 8 0.5 0.5 Can’t say 6 97 6.2 6.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q83B] And which is the second best alternative?

Question

And which is the second best alternative?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Remain outside military alliances 1 212 13.6 13.6 Defence alliance and common defence with Sweden 2 462 29.6 29.6 During war common defence with Western armies 3 411 26.4 26.4 Participation in Western defence at peacetime also 4 260 16.7 16.7 During war, common defence with Russia 5 40 2.6 2.6 Can’t say 6 174 11.2 11.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q83C] And which is the worst alternative?

Question

And which is the worst alternative?

Frequencies

112 Q84

label value n % v. % Remain outside military alliances 1 182 11.7 11.7 Defence alliance and common defence with Sweden 2 95 6.1 6.1 During war common defence with Western armies 3 59 3.8 3.8 Participation in Western defence at peacetime also 4 275 17.6 17.6 During war, common defence with Russia 5 775 49.7 49.7 Can’t say 6 173 11.1 11.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q83D] And which is the second worst alternative?

Question

And which is the second worst alternative?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Remain outside military alliances 1 261 16.7 16.7 Defence alliance and common defence with Sweden 2 247 15.8 15.8 During war common defence with Western armies 3 74 4.7 4.7 Participation in Western defence at peacetime also 4 415 26.6 26.6 During war, common defence with Russia 5 321 20.6 20.6 Can’t say 6 241 15.5 15.5 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q84] If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circum- stances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain?

Question

If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 1198 76.8 76.8 No 2 258 16.5 16.5 Can’t say 3 103 6.6 6.6 1559 100.0 100.0

113 2. Variables

[Q85] What is your opinion on the defence forces funding?

Question

What is your opinion on the defence forces funding?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Funding should be increased considerably 1 107 6.9 6.9 Funding should be increased to some extent 2 377 24.2 24.2 Funding should be kept at present level 3 816 52.3 52.3 Funding should be decreased to some extent 4 164 10.5 10.5 Funding should be decreased considerably 5 60 3.8 3.8 Can’t say 6 35 2.2 2.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q86] Should we have more referendums in the future?

Question

Should we have more referendums in the future?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % More referendums 1 694 44.5 44.5 Referendums should be held only rarely 2 750 48.1 48.1 Referendums not needed 3 81 5.2 5.2 Can’t say 4 34 2.2 2.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q87] If referendums are held in the future, should they be advisory or binding on Parliament?

Question

If referendums are held in the future, should they be advisory or binding on Parliament?

Frequencies

114 Q89_1

label value n % v. % Binding 1 836 53.6 53.6 Advisory 2 660 42.3 42.3 Can’t say 3 63 4.0 4.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q88] Your mother tongue?

Question

Your mother tongue?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Finnish 1 1472 94.4 94.6 Swedish 2 79 5.1 5.1 Other 3 5 0.3 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 3 0.2 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q89_1] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Finnish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS FINNISH)

Question

Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Finnish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS FINNISH)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Fluently 1 58 3.7 66.7 Somehow 2 16 1.0 18.4 No 3 11 0.7 12.6 Can’t say 4 2 0.1 2.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1472 94.4 – 1559 100.0 100.0

115 2. Variables

[Q89_2] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Swedish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS SWEDISH)

Question

Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Swedish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS SWEDISH)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Fluently 1 286 18.3 19.3 Somehow 2 553 35.5 37.4 No 3 624 40.0 42.2 Can’t say 4 17 1.1 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 79 5.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q89_3] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: English?

Question

Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: English?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Fluently 1 404 25.9 25.9 Somehow 2 537 34.4 34.4 No 3 602 38.6 38.6 Can’t say 4 16 1.0 1.0 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q89_4] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: German?

Question

Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: German?

Frequencies

116 Q89_6

label value n % v. % Fluently 1 76 4.9 4.9 Somehow 2 368 23.6 23.6 No 3 1085 69.6 69.6 Can’t say 4 30 1.9 1.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q89_5] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: French?

Question

Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: French?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Fluently 1 15 1.0 1.0 Somehow 2 103 6.6 6.6 No 3 1408 90.3 90.3 Can’t say 4 33 2.1 2.1 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q89_6] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Spanish?

Question

Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Spanish?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Fluently 1 6 0.4 0.4 Somehow 2 45 2.9 2.9 No 3 1471 94.4 94.4 Can’t say 4 37 2.4 2.4 1559 100.0 100.0

117 2. Variables

[Q89_7] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Some other language

Question

Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Some other lan- guage

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Fluently 1 33 2.1 2.1 Somehow 2 94 6.0 6.0 No 3 821 52.7 52.7 Can’t say 4 611 39.2 39.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q90] Respondent’s and the spouse’s gross annual income (in Finnish marks)

Question

Respondent’s and the spouse’s gross annual income (in Finnish marks)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Under 60.000/year (below 5.000/month) 1 313 20.1 20.1 60.001-90.000/year (5.001-7.500/month) 2 224 14.4 14.4 90.001-120.00/year (7.501-10.000/month) 3 180 11.5 11.5 120.001-150.00/year (10.001-12.500/month) 4 190 12.2 12.2 150.001-180.000/year (12.501-15.000/month) 5 143 9.2 9.2 180.001-210.000/year (15.001-17.500/month) 6 129 8.3 8.3 210.001-240.000/year (17.501-20.000/month) 7 101 6.5 6.5 240.001-270.00/year (20.001-22.500/month) 8 70 4.5 4.5 270.001-300.000/year (22.501-25.000/month) 9 40 2.6 2.6 Over 300.000/year (over 25.000/month) 10 63 4.0 4.0 No answer 11 106 6.8 6.8 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q91] Respondent’s basic education

Question

Respondent’s basic education

118 Q93

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Unfinished or completed primary education 1 522 33.5 33.5 Unfinished lower secondary education 2 130 8.3 8.3 Completed lower secondary education 3 332 21.3 21.3 Unfinished or completed higher secondary education 4 74 4.7 4.7 Matriculation examination (completed higher sec- 5 496 31.8 31.8 ondary) Other education 6 4 0.3 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1 0.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q92] Respondent’s vocational education

Question

Respondent’s vocational education

Frequencies

label value n % v. % No vocational education 1 316 20.3 20.3 Short vocational training, vocational course 2 313 20.1 20.1 Vocational school 3 363 23.3 23.3 Vocational college 4 319 20.5 20.5 University education 5 224 14.4 14.4 Something else 6 21 1.3 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 3 0.2 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q93] In what kind of family did you live when you were 10-18 years old?

Question

In what kind of family did you live when you were 10-18 years old?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Worker family 1 660 42.3 42.3 Civil servant/public official family 2 202 13.0 13.0

(continued on next page)

119 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Academically educated family 3 88 5.6 5.6 Farming family 4 432 27.7 27.7 Fisherman family 5 2 0.1 0.1 Own account worker, self-employed family 6 81 5.2 5.2 Entrepreneur family 7 87 5.6 5.6 Can’t say 8 4 0.3 0.3 Irrelevant question 9 3 0.2 0.2 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q94] Respondent’s year of birth

Question

Respondent’s year of birth

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 1904.00 maximum 1975.00 mean 1950.88 standard deviation 16.40

[Q95] Respondent’s gender

Question

Respondent’s gender

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Male 1 788 50.5 50.5 Female 2 771 49.5 49.5 1559 100.0 100.0

120 Q97

[Q96] Respondent’s province of residence

Question

Respondent’s province of residence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Uusimaa 1 394 25.3 25.3 Turku and Pori 2 220 14.1 14.1 Häme 3 212 13.6 13.6 Kymi 4 107 6.9 6.9 Mikkeli 5 63 4.0 4.0 Kuopio 6 83 5.3 5.3 Keski-Suomi (Central Finland) 7 72 4.6 4.6 Vaasa 8 145 9.3 9.3 Pohjois-Karjala (North Karelia) 9 74 4.7 4.7 Oulu 10 128 8.2 8.2 Lappi (Lapland) 11 61 3.9 3.9 1559 100.0 100.0

[Q97] Are you willing to consent to a brief telephone interview which would take place after the referendum?

Question

Are you willing to consent to a brief telephone interview which would take place after the referendum?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 1401 89.9 90.3 No 2 150 9.6 9.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.5 – 1559 100.0 100.0

121 2. Variables

[P1] Did you watch the television programme ’Third Round’ on channel MTV3, or the debate in the programme ’A-Studio’ broadcasted by YLE? (Both were broadcasted just before the referendum date)

Question

Did you watch the television programme ’Third Round’ on channel MTV3, or the debate in the programme ’A-Studio’ broadcasted by YLE? (Both were broadcasted just before the referendum date)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Watched both 1 325 20.8 24.7 MTV on Wednesday 2 80 5.1 6.1 A-Studio on Thursday 3 94 6.0 7.1 Neither one 4 742 47.6 56.4 Can’t say 5 75 4.8 5.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P3] Can you think of any persons who publicly commented on the EU membership and were especially convincing?

Question

Can you think of any persons who publicly commented on the EU membership and were espe- cially convincing?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 501 32.1 38.1 No 2 632 40.5 48.0 Can’t say 3 183 11.7 13.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P5] Did you vote in advance or on the actual voting day, or did you not vote this time?

Question

Did you vote in advance or on the actual voting day, or did you not vote this time?

122 P7

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Voted in advance 1 528 33.9 40.1 Voted on voting day (16 October) 2 661 42.4 50.2 Did not vote 3 123 7.9 9.3 No answer 4 4 0.3 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P6] Did you vote Yes or No as to joining the EU?

Question

Did you vote Yes or No as to joining the EU?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Voted Yes 1 695 44.6 58.5 Voted No 2 459 29.4 38.6 Left a blank ballot 3 2 0.1 0.2 Does not want to say 4 33 2.1 2.8 Can’t say 5 0 0.0 0.0 Did not vote 6 0 0.0 0.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 370 23.7 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P7] How easy or difficult was it for you to choose whether to vote Yes or No?

Question

How easy or difficult was it for you to choose whether to vote Yes or No?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very easy 1 509 32.6 44.1 Rather easy 2 386 24.8 33.4 Rather difficult 3 178 11.4 15.4 Very difficult 4 80 5.1 6.9

(continued on next page)

123 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Can’t say 5 1 0.1 0.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 405 26.0 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P8] When did you decide how you would vote?

Question

When did you decide how you would vote?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % On the day of voting 1 75 4.8 6.5 The week before 2 178 11.4 15.4 A month earlier 3 182 11.7 15.8 During the summer 4 204 13.1 17.7 Long ago 5 510 32.7 44.2 Can’t say 6 5 0.3 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 405 26.0 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P11] Supposing that you had voted, which side would you probably have voted for?

Question

Supposing that you had voted, which side would you probably have voted for?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Would have voted Yes 1 45 2.9 36.6 would have voted No 2 46 3.0 37.4 Can’t say 3 32 2.1 26.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 1436 92.1 – 1559 100.0 100.0

124 P15

[P13] How often did you discuss the referendum with other people?

Question

How often did you discuss the referendum with other people?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 680 43.6 51.7 Seldom 2 518 33.2 39.4 Hardly at all 3 114 7.3 8.7 Can’t say 4 4 0.3 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P14] When you talked about the EU membership with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion?

Question

When you talked about the EU membership with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Often 1 94 6.0 7.1 Sometimes 2 344 22.1 26.1 Never 3 859 55.1 65.3 Can’t say 4 19 1.2 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P15] Prior to the referendum, how important did you yourself take it to be which side would win and which would lose?

Question

Prior to the referendum, how important did you yourself take it to be which side would win and which would lose?

Frequencies

125 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Very important 1 334 21.4 25.4 Rather important 2 498 31.9 37.8 Important to some extent 3 284 18.2 21.6 Not very important 4 107 6.9 8.1 Not important at all 5 69 4.4 5.2 Can’t say 6 24 1.5 1.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P16] In your opinion, was the campaign clear enough on what were the differences between the two alternatives?

Question

In your opinion, was the campaign clear enough on what were the differences between the two alternatives?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes, the campaign brought out differences 1 601 38.6 45.7 No, the campaign did not bring out differences 2 610 39.1 46.4 Can’t say 3 105 6.7 8.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P17] In your opinion, did the media favour supporters or opponents of the EU membership, or were they treated equally?

Question

In your opinion, did the media favour supporters or opponents of the EU membership, or were they treated equally?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Favoured supporters 1 828 53.1 62.9 Favoured opponents 2 17 1.1 1.3 Treated equally 3 421 27.0 32.0 Can’t say 4 50 3.2 3.8

(continued on next page)

126 P19

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P18] On the whole, would you say that Finland’s EU referendum was con- ducted fairly, or were perhaps either supporters or opponents of the mem- bership favoured too much?

Question

On the whole, would you say that Finland’s EU referendum was conducted fairly, or were perhaps either supporters or opponents of the membership favoured too much?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Fair 1 835 53.6 63.4 Supporters were favoured 2 373 23.9 28.3 Opponents were favoured 3 9 0.6 0.7 Can’t say 4 99 6.4 7.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P19] In general, how much do you trust the Finnish politicians?

Question

In general, how much do you trust the Finnish politicians?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very much 1 19 1.2 1.4 Rather a lot 2 341 21.9 25.9 Not very much 3 665 42.7 50.5 Hardly at all 4 270 17.3 20.5 Can’t say 5 21 1.3 1.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

127 2. Variables

[P20] Would it have been better, after all, if the Government and Parlia- ment had decided on Finland’s EU membership, without the referendum?

Question

Would it have been better, after all, if the Government and Parliament had decided on Finland’s EU membership, without the referendum?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Government and Parliament should have decided 1 197 12.6 15.0 Holding the referendum was the right thing 2 1069 68.6 81.2 Can’t say 3 50 3.2 3.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P21] In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the ref- erendum or would you be willing to let Parliament decide against the out- come?

Question

In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum or would you be willing to let Parliament decide against the outcome?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Abide by the outcome 1 979 62.8 74.4 Parliament can decide 2 271 17.4 20.6 Can’t say 3 66 4.2 5.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

[P22] If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you probably vote for?

Question

If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you probably vote for?

Frequencies

128 P22 label value n % v. % Centre Party (KESK) 1 163 10.5 12.4 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 2 284 18.2 21.6 National Coalition Party (KOK) 3 186 11.9 14.1 Left Alliance (VAS) 4 57 3.7 4.3 Green League (VIHR) 5 97 6.2 7.4 Swedish People’s Party (RKP) 6 38 2.4 2.9 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 7 5 0.3 0.4 Christian League (SKL) 8 28 1.8 2.1 Liberal Party (LKP) 9 9 0.6 0.7 Other party 10 53 3.4 4.0 No response 11 61 3.9 4.6 Can’t say 12 294 18.9 22.3 Would not vote 13 41 2.6 3.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 243 15.6 – 1559 100.0 100.0

129

Chapter 3

Indexes

3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence

FSD study number [FSD_NO] ...... 7 FSD edition number [FSD_VR] ...... 7 FSD case id [FSD_ID] ...... 8 Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity? [Q1] ...... 8 How many employees do you have? [Q2] ...... 8 In which branch do you/did you work? [Q5] ...... 9 Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer? [Q6] . . . . 9 Respondent’s marital status [Q7] ...... 10 Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization? [Q9] 10 (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member? [Q10] ...... 11 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization [Q11_1] ...... 11 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization [Q11_2] ...... 12 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club [Q11_3] . . 12 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women’s organization [Q11_4] ...... 13 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization [Q11_5] 13 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist orga- nization [Q11_6] ...... 13 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cul- tural organization [Q11_7] ...... 14

131 3. Indexes

Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: No [Q12_1] ...... 14 Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member [Q12_2] ...... 15 Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member [Q12_3] ...... 15 Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: Can’t say [Q12_4] ...... 15 How interested are you in politics? [Q13] ...... 16 When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you? [Q14] ...... 16 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent? [Q15_1] ...... 17 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration? [Q15_2] ...... 17 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper? [Q15_3] ...... 17 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? [Q15_4] ...... 18 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button? [Q15_5] ...... 18 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event? [Q15_6] ...... 19 Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party? [Q16] ...... 19 What party do you support? [Q17] ...... 20 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church [Q18_1] ...... 20 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament [Q18_2] ...... 21 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs [Q18_3] ...... 21 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees [Q18_4] ...... 22 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement [Q18_5] ...... 23 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police [Q18_6] ...... 23 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies [Q18_7] ...... 24

132 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership [Q18_8] ...... 25 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership [Q18_9] ...... 25 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party [Q18_10] ...... 26 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland [Q18_11] ...... 27 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party [Q18_12] ...... 27 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance [Q18_13] ...... 28 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League [Q18_14] ...... 29 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People’s Party [Q18_15] ...... 29 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party [Q18_16] ...... 30 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland [Q18_17] ...... 31 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party [Q18_18] ...... 31 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) [Q18_19] ...... 32 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers [Q18_20] ...... 33 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) [Q18_21] ...... 33 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians [Q18_22] ...... 34 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes [Q18_23] ...... 35 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans [Q18_24] ...... 35 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen [Q18_25] ...... 36 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians [Q18_26] ...... 36 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles [Q18_27] ...... 37

133 3. Indexes

On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians [Q18_28] ...... 38 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans [Q18_29] ...... 38 Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don’t much care what ordinary people think [Q19_1] ...... 39 Political parties are only intrested in people’s votes, not in their opinions [Q19_2] ...... 39 By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country [Q19_3] . . . 40 In Finland’s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands [Q19_4] ...... 40 Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential [Q19_5] ...... 41 People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics [Q19_6] 41 Finland’s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration [Q19_7] ...... 42 Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries [Q19_8] ...... 42 Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on [Q19_9] ...... 42 In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else [Q19_10] ...... 43 In order to enhance people’s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences [Q19_11] ...... 43 Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters [Q19_12] ...... 44 When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns [Q19_13] ...... 44 Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country [Q19_14] ...... 45 Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far? [Q20] . . . . 45 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values [Q21_1] ...... 45 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector [Q21_2] 46 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth [Q21_3] ...... 46 What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted [Q21_4] ...... 47 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it [Q21_5] ...... 47 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity [Q21_6] ...... 48

134 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing coun- tries [Q21_7] ...... 48 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated [Q21_8] ...... 49 In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians? [Q22] ...... 49 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party [Q23A_1] 50 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party [Q23A_2] ...... 50 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party [Q23A_3] ...... 51 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Left Alliance [Q23A_4] 52 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Green League [Q23A_5] 52 And where would you place yourself on the left-right scale? [Q23B] ...... 53 Did you vote in the last parliamentary elections in 1991? [Q24] ...... 53 Which party did you vote for? [Q25] ...... 54 Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections last January? [Q26A] ...... 54 Whom did you vote for? [Q26B] ...... 55 Did you vote in the second round of the presidential elections last February? [Q27A] ...... 55 Which candidate did you then vote for? [Q27B] ...... 56 If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you vote for? [Q28] .56 How sure are you that you support the party you chose in the previous question, or are you not very sure? [Q29] ...... 57 This card lists four different goals for political activity. Which goal seems the most important to you? [Q30A] ...... 57 Which goal do you regard as the second most important? [Q30B] ...... 58 Which goal do you regard as the third most important? [Q30C] ...... 58 Which of these geographic areas would you say you most belong to? [Q31A] ...... 59 And to which one do you belong second most? [Q31B] ...... 59 How proud are you to be Finnish? [Q32] ...... 59 If you compare your own financial situation with what it was two or three years ago, are you now better off, about the same or worse off? [Q33] ...... 60 In your opinion, in what way has the economy of Finland changed during the past two or three years? [Q34] ...... 60 Looking ahead, how do you think your own financial situation will develop over the next two

135 3. Indexes or three years? [Q35] ...... 61 How would you say Finland’s economy will change over the next two or three years? [Q36] 61 How would you say the economy will change in the European Union member countries over the next two or three years? [Q37] ...... 61 If Finland joined the EU, would you say that your own financial situation would get better or worse compared to the situation where Finland did not join? [Q38] ...... 62 How often do you read articles and news about politics in the newspapers? [Q39A] ...... 62 And how often do you read foreign news? [Q39B] ...... 63 How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by YLE (Finnish Broadcasting Company)? [Q41] ...... 63 How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by MTV? [Q42] 63 How many days a week do you usually watch A-studio or other current affairs program on television? [Q43] ...... 64 How many days a week do you usually listen to YLE radio news? [Q44] ...... 64 How often do you discuss politics with other people? [Q45] ...... 65 Has the information on EU issues provided by the media helped you to make up your own mind? [Q46] ...... 65 How important a decision is it to Finland to decide whether to join the European Union or not? [Q47] ...... 66 Would it have been better if the Government and Parliament had made the decision about Fin- land’s EU membership, or was it the right thing to hold a referendum? [Q48] ...... 66 In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum, or would you let Parliament decide the other way? [Q49] ...... 66 When thinking about your family and closest friends, are they generally for or against EU membership? [Q50] ...... 67 How often have you discussed the EU membership issue with your family and friends? [Q51] 67 And what is the general opinion at your work, school etc, are people for or against the EU membership? [Q52] ...... 68 How often have you discussed the EU issue with your colleagues or fellow students? [Q53] 68 When you talked about the EU membership issue with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion? [Q54] ...... 68 How much does the EU issue interest you? [Q55] ...... 69 How well informed do you consider yourself to be about issues related to the EU membership? [Q56] ...... 69 Are you in favour of or against Finland’s membership in the EU? [Q57] ...... 70 Do you have a sure opinion on the membership issue or are you uncertain? [Q58] ...... 70 Do you think that there are also good arguments for the opposite opinion, or do you think there

136 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence are no grounds for counter-arguments? [Q60] ...... 70 How big an impact the following persons and institutions have had on your opinion on the EU membership: Your family [Q63_1] ...... 71 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Close friends [Q63_2] ...... 71 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Work colleagues/fellow students [Q63_3] ...... 72 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The political party you support [Q63_4] ...... 72 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The newspaper you read [Q63_5] ...... 72 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Television [Q63_6] ...... 73 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign for EU membership [Q63_7] ...... 73 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign against EU membership [Q63_8] ...... 74 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: General information about the EU [Q63_9] ...... 74 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of SAK (Central Organization of Trade Unions) [Q63_10] ...... 75 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of MTK (Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners) [Q63_11] ...... 75 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU hampers our ability to control the economy of our country [Q64_1] ...... 76 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Promoting equality between men and women becomes more difficult if we join the EU [Q64_2] ...... 76 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Enterprises want the membership in order to get rid of political guidance and control [Q64_3] ...... 77 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means giving up our national independence [Q64_4] ...... 77 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: The only way to solve environmental prob- lems is cooperation between EU member states [Q64_5] ...... 78 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU helps strengthen our national defence [Q64_6] ...... 78 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: We must join the EU in order to secure our place in Western world [Q64_7] ...... 79 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: If we join the EU, ordinary Finns will no longer have the possibility to influence things, as Brussels and the power will be so far away

137 3. Indexes

[Q64_8] ...... 79 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: As an EU member state, we have more influence on our own future than we would have by staying outside the Union [Q64_9] . . . . 80 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means hard times for our country but life outside the Union would be even harder [Q64_10] ...... 80 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: It is of no use to oppose the EU membership as Finland will join anyway [Q64_11] ...... 81 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: The environment [Q65_1] ...... 81 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: The economy [Q65_2] ...... 82 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Employment [Q65_3] ...... 82 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Agriculture [Q65_4] ...... 83 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Social security [Q65_5] ...... 83 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Equality between men and women [Q65_6] ...... 84 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Military security [Q65_7] ...... 84 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: National independence [Q65_8] ...... 85 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Possibility to influence the development of the EU [Q65_9] ...... 85 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Conditions of life in Finland as a whole [Q65_10] ...... 86 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can travel freely within the EU [Q66_1] ...... 86 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can choose their place of residence freely within the EU [Q66_2] ...... 87 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states have better possibilities to study in other EU countries [Q66_3] ...... 87 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for export industry [Q66_4] ...... 88 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for our agriculture [Q66_5] ...... 88 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Food quality and prices [Q66_6] ...... 89 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Quality and

138 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence prices of household appliances and vehicles, durable goods in general [Q66_7] ...... 89 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Employment situation in Finland [Q66_8] ...... 90 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Internal safety and security, general order in Finland [Q66_9] ...... 90 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Safety and security of Finland [Q66_10] ...... 91 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: EU’s common foreign and security policy [Q66_11] ...... 91 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The aim of the EU to develop common defence policy, and common defence [Q66_12] ...... 92 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Finland can participate in decisions and formulation of directives [Q66_13] ...... 92 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The impact EU decisions and directives would have on Finland [Q66_14] ...... 93 Which of the following suggestions is closest to your own views? [Q67] ...... 93 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Centre Party [Q68_1] ...... 94 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Social Democratic Party of Finland [Q68_2] ...... 94 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: National Coalition Party [Q68_3] ...... 95 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Left Alliance [Q68_4] ...... 95 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Green League [Q68_5] ...... 96 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Swedish People’s Party [Q68_6] ...... 97 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Finnish Rural Party [Q68_7] ...... 97 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Christian League [Q68_8] ...... 98 Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organization of Industry and Employers [Q69_1] ...... 98 Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) [Q69_2] ...... 99 Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) [Q69_3] ...... 100 Where on this scale would you place yourself? [Q70] ...... 100

139 3. Indexes

Are you going to participate in the referendum on Finland’s EU membership? [Q71] . . . . . 101 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Sign a petition or equivalent? [Q72_1] ...... 101 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a demonstration? [Q72_2] ...... 102 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Write to a newspaper [Q72_3] ...... 102 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Contact a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? [Q72_4] ...... 102 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Use a campaign badge or button? [Q72_5] ...... 103 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a campaign event or meeting? [Q72_6] ...... 103 Do you happen to remember whether the EU has 6, 9, 12 or 15 member states at present? [Q73] 104 Do you know in which city the EU commission is located: is it in Paris, Strassbourg, Bonn or Brussels? [Q74] ...... 104 Do you remember how many representatives Finland will have in the European Parliament if our country joins the EU: 12, 16, 20 or 24 representatives? [Q75] ...... 105 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Sweden. [Q76_1] ...... 105 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Norway. [Q76_2] ...... 105 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Austria. [Q76_3] ...... 106 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Some other country. [Q76_4] ...... 106 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Two other countries. [Q76_5] ...... 107 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Respondent could’t say. [Q76_6] ...... 107 Austrians voted on their country’s EU membership in June. As far as you remember, which side won the Austrian referendum? [Q77] ...... 107 What do you predict will be the outcome of the referendum in Finland? How many people will vote Yes (in percentages)? [Q78] ...... 108 Do you think that, over the next five years, Finns will live in a more or less secure world [Q79] 108 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: European integration [Q80_1] ...... 108 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union [Q80_2] ...... 109

140 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Finland [Q80_3] . . . 109 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Increasing Russian armed forces near Finland, transferred from Central Europe and the Baltic states [Q80_4] ...... 110 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Unemployment in Finland [Q80_5] ...... 110 In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years? [Q81] 111 What do you think about Finland’s policy of neutrality? [Q82] ...... 111 Which of the following basic defence policies is best for Finland? [Q83A] ...... 112 And which is the second best alternative? [Q83B] ...... 112 And which is the worst alternative? [Q83C] ...... 112 And which is the second worst alternative? [Q83D] ...... 113 If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain? [Q84] ...... 113 What is your opinion on the defence forces funding? [Q85] ...... 114 Should we have more referendums in the future? [Q86] ...... 114 If referendums are held in the future, should they be advisory or binding on Parliament? [Q87] 114 Your mother tongue? [Q88] ...... 115 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Finnish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS FINNISH) [Q89_1] . . . . 115 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Swedish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS SWEDISH) [Q89_2] . . . 116 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: English? [Q89_3] 116 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: German? [Q89_4] 116 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: French? [Q89_5] 117 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Spanish? [Q89_6] 117 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Some other language [Q89_7] ...... 118 Respondent’s and the spouse’s gross annual income (in Finnish marks) [Q90] ...... 118 Respondent’s basic education [Q91] ...... 118 Respondent’s vocational education [Q92] ...... 119 In what kind of family did you live when you were 10-18 years old? [Q93] ...... 119 Respondent’s year of birth [Q94] ...... 120

141 3. Indexes

Respondent’s gender [Q95] ...... 120 Respondent’s province of residence [Q96] ...... 121 Are you willing to consent to a brief telephone interview which would take place after the referendum? [Q97] ...... 121 Did you watch the television programme ’Third Round’ on channel MTV3, or the debate in the programme ’A-Studio’ broadcasted by YLE? (Both were broadcasted just before the referen- dum date) [P1] ...... 122 Can you think of any persons who publicly commented on the EU membership and were espe- cially convincing? [P3] ...... 122 Did you vote in advance or on the actual voting day, or did you not vote this time? [P5] . . .122 Did you vote Yes or No as to joining the EU? [P6] ...... 123 How easy or difficult was it for you to choose whether to vote Yes or No? [P7] ...... 123 When did you decide how you would vote? [P8] ...... 124 Supposing that you had voted, which side would you probably have voted for? [P11] . . . . . 124 How often did you discuss the referendum with other people? [P13] ...... 125 When you talked about the EU membership with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion? [P14] ...... 125 Prior to the referendum, how important did you yourself take it to be which side would win and which would lose? [P15] ...... 125 In your opinion, was the campaign clear enough on what were the differences between the two alternatives? [P16] ...... 126 In your opinion, did the media favour supporters or opponents of the EU membership, or were they treated equally? [P17] ...... 126 On the whole, would you say that Finland’s EU referendum was conducted fairly, or were perhaps either supporters or opponents of the membership favoured too much? [P18] . . . . . 127 In general, how much do you trust the Finnish politicians? [P19] ...... 127 Would it have been better, after all, if the Government and Parliament had decided on Finland’s EU membership, without the referendum? [P20] ...... 128 In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum or would you be willing to let Parliament decide against the outcome? [P21] ...... 128 If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you probably vote for? [P22] ...... 128

142 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

3.2 Variables in alphabetical order

And how often do you read foreign news? ...... 63 And to which one do you belong second most? ...... 59 And what is the general opinion at your work, school etc, are people for or against the EU membership? ...... 68 And where would you place yourself on the left-right scale? ...... 53 And which is the second best alternative? ...... 112 And which is the second worst alternative? ...... 113 And which is the worst alternative? ...... 112 Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: Can’t say ...... 15 Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: No ...... 14 Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non- active member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member ...... 15 Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member ...... 15 Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization? . 10 Are you going to participate in the referendum on Finland’s EU membership? ...... 101 Are you in favour of or against Finland’s membership in the EU? ...... 70 Are you willing to consent to a brief telephone interview which would take place after the referendum? ...... 121 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: As an EU member state, we have more influence on our own future than we would have by staying outside the Union ...... 80 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Enterprises want the membership in order to get rid of political guidance and control ...... 77 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: If we join the EU, ordinary Finns will no longer have the possibility to influence things, as Brussels and the power will be so far away 79 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: It is of no use to oppose the EU membership as Finland will join anyway ...... 81 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU hampers our ability to control the economy of our country ...... 76 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU helps strengthen our national defence ...... 78 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means giving up our national independence ...... 77 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means hard times for our country but life outside the Union would be even harder ...... 80

143 3. Indexes

Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Promoting equality between men and women becomes more difficult if we join the EU ...... 76 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: The only way to solve environmental prob- lems is cooperation between EU member states ...... 78 Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: We must join the EU in order to secure our place in Western world ...... 79 Austrians voted on their country’s EU membership in June. As far as you remember, which side won the Austrian referendum? ...... 107 By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country ...... 40 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: English? ...... 116 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Finnish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS FINNISH) ...... 115 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: French? ...... 117 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: German? . . . . . 116 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Some other language 118 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Spanish? . . . . . 117 Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Swedish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS SWEDISH) ...... 116 Can you think of any persons who publicly commented on the EU membership and were espe- cially convincing? ...... 122 Did you vote in advance or on the actual voting day, or did you not vote this time? ...... 122 Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections last January? ...... 54 Did you vote in the last parliamentary elections in 1991? ...... 53 Did you vote in the second round of the presidential elections last February? ...... 55 Did you vote Yes or No as to joining the EU? ...... 123 Did you watch the television programme ’Third Round’ on channel MTV3, or the debate in the programme ’A-Studio’ broadcasted by YLE? (Both were broadcasted just before the referen- dum date) ...... 122 Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party? ...... 19 Do you happen to remember whether the EU has 6, 9, 12 or 15 member states at present? .104 Do you have a sure opinion on the membership issue or are you uncertain? ...... 70 Do you know in which city the EU commission is located: is it in Paris, Strassbourg, Bonn or Brussels? ...... 104 Do you remember how many representatives Finland will have in the European Parliament if our country joins the EU: 12, 16, 20 or 24 representatives? ...... 105 Do you think that, over the next five years, Finns will live in a more or less secure world . .108 Do you think that there are also good arguments for the opposite opinion, or do you think there

144 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order are no grounds for counter-arguments? ...... 70 Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) ...... 99 Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Organization of Industry and Employers ...... 98 Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) ...... 100 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Centre Party ...... 94 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Christian League ...... 98 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Finnish Rural Party ...... 97 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Green League ...... 96 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Left Alliance ...... 95 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: National Coalition Party ...... 95 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Social Democratic Party of Finland ...... 94 Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland’s EU membership: Swedish People’s Party ...... 97 Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far? ...... 45 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Austria...... 106 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Norway...... 105 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Respondent could’t say...... 107 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Some other country...... 106 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Sweden...... 105 Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Two other countries...... 107 Finland’s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration ...... 42 Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries ...... 42

145 3. Indexes

FSDcaseid ...... 8 FSD edition number ...... 7 FSD study number ...... 7 Has the information on EU issues provided by the media helped you to make up your own mind? ...... 65 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event? ...... 19 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? ...... 18 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration? ...... 17 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent? ...... 17 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button? ...... 18 Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper? ...... 17 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Close friends ...... 71 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: General information about the EU ...... 74 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Television ...... 73 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign against EU membership ...... 74 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign for EU membership ...... 73 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The newspaper you read ...... 72 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The political party you support ...... 72 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of MTK (Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners) 75 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of SAK (Central Organization of Trade Unions) ...... 75 How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Work colleagues/fellow students ...... 72 How big an impact the following persons and institutions have had on your opinion on the EU membership: Your family ...... 71

146 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can choose their place of residence freely within the EU ...... 87 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can travel freely within the EU ...... 86 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Citizens of EU member states have better possibilities to study in other EU countries ...... 87 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Employment situation in Finland ...... 90 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: EU’s common foreign and security policy ...... 91 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Finland can participate in decisions and formulation of directives ...... 92 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Food quality and prices ...... 89 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Internal safety and security, general order in Finland ...... 90 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for export industry ...... 88 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Opportunities for our agriculture ...... 88 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Quality and prices of household appliances and vehicles, durable goods in general ...... 89 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: Safety and security of Finland ...... 91 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The aim of the EU to develop common defence policy, and common defence ...... 92 How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland’s EU membership: The impact EU decisions and directives would have on Finland ...... 93 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Agriculture ...... 83 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Conditions of life in Finland as a whole ...... 86 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Employment ...... 82 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Equality between men and women ...... 84 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Military security ...... 84 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: National independence ...... 85

147 3. Indexes

How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Possibility to influence the development of the EU ...... 85 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: Social security ...... 83 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: The economy ...... 82 How do you suppose Finland’s EU membership would influence the development of our coun- try: The environment ...... 81 How easy or difficult was it for you to choose whether to vote Yes or No? ...... 123 How important a decision is it to Finland to decide whether to join the European Union or not? 66 How interested are you in politics? ...... 16 How many days a week do you usually listen to YLE radio news? ...... 64 How many days a week do you usually watch A-studio or other current affairs program on television? ...... 64 How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by MTV? ...... 63 How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by YLE (Finnish Broadcasting Company)? ...... 63 How many employees do you have? ...... 8 How much does the EU issue interest you? ...... 69 How often did you discuss the referendum with other people? ...... 125 How often do you discuss politics with other people? ...... 65 How often do you read articles and news about politics in the newspapers? ...... 62 How often have you discussed the EU issue with your colleagues or fellow students? ...... 68 How often have you discussed the EU membership issue with your family and friends? . . . . 67 How proud are you to be Finnish? ...... 59 How sure are you that you support the party you chose in the previous question, or are you not verysure?...... 57 How well informed do you consider yourself to be about issues related to the EU membership? 69 How would you say Finland’s economy will change over the next two or three years? . . . . . 61 How would you say the economy will change in the European Union member countries over the next two or three years? ...... 61 (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member? ...... 11 If Finland joined the EU, would you say that your own financial situation would get better or worse compared to the situation where Finland did not join? ...... 62 If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain? ...... 113

148 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

If referendums are held in the future, should they be advisory or binding on Parliament? . . 114 If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you probably vote for? 128 If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you vote for? ...... 56 If you compare your own financial situation with what it was two or three years ago, are you now better off, about the same or worse off? ...... 60 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: European integration ...... 108 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Increasing Russian armed forces near Finland, transferred from Central Europe and the Baltic states ...... 110 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union 109 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Unemployment in Finland ...... 110 Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Finland ...... 109 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Contact a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? ...... 102 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a campaign event or meeting? ...... 103 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a demonstration? ...... 102 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Sign a petition or equivalent? ...... 101 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Use a campaign badge or button? ...... 103 In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Write to a newspaper ...... 102 In Finland’s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands 40 In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians? ...... 49 In general, how much do you trust the Finnish politicians? ...... 127 In order to enhance people’s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences ...... 43 In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else ...... 43 In what kind of family did you live when you were 10-18 years old? ...... 119 In which branch do you/did you work? ...... 9 In your opinion, did the media favour supporters or opponents of the EU membership, or were they treated equally? ...... 126 In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years? 111 In your opinion, in what way has the economy of Finland changed during the past two or three

149 3. Indexes years? ...... 60 In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum or would you be willing to let Parliament decide against the outcome? ...... 128 In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum, or would you let Parliament decide the other way? ...... 66 In your opinion, was the campaign clear enough on what were the differences between the two alternatives? ...... 126 Looking ahead, how do you think your own financial situation will develop over the next two or three years? ...... 61 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs ...... 21 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans ...... 38 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) ...... 32 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers ...... 33 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) ...... 33 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party ...... 26 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland ...... 31 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership ...... 25 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership ...... 25 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians ...... 36 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement ...... 23 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party ...... 30 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen ...... 36 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans ...... 35 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League ...... 29 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards:

150 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

Gypsies ...... 24 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance ...... 28 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party ...... 31 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party ...... 27 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians ...... 34 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament ...... 21 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles 37 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees ...... 22 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians ...... 38 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland ...... 27 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes 35 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People’s Party ...... 29 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church ...... 20 On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police ...... 23 On the whole, would you say that Finland’s EU referendum was conducted fairly, or were perhaps either supporters or opponents of the membership favoured too much? ...... 127 People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics ...... 41 Political parties are only intrested in people’s votes, not in their opinions ...... 39 Prior to the referendum, how important did you yourself take it to be which side would win and which would lose? ...... 125 Respondent’s and the spouse’s gross annual income (in Finnish marks) ...... 118 Respondent’s basic education ...... 118 Respondent’s gender ...... 120 Respondent’s marital status ...... 10 Respondent’s province of residence ...... 121 Respondent’s vocational education ...... 119

151 3. Indexes

Respondent’s year of birth ...... 120 Should we have more referendums in the future? ...... 114 Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential . 41 Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on . . 42 Supposing that you had voted, which side would you probably have voted for? ...... 124 This card lists four different goals for political activity. Which goal seems the most important toyou? ...... 57 Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters ...... 44 Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don’t much care what ordinary people think .39 What do you predict will be the outcome of the referendum in Finland? How many people will vote Yes (in percentages)? ...... 108 What do you think about Finland’s policy of neutrality? ...... 111 What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted . . 47 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity ...... 48 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values ...... 45 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector ...... 46 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth ...... 46 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it ...... 47 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing coun- tries ...... 48 What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated ...... 49 What is your opinion on the defence forces funding? ...... 114 What party do you support? ...... 20 When did you decide how you would vote? ...... 124 When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree withyou? ...... 16 When thinking about your family and closest friends, are they generally for or against EU membership? ...... 67 When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns . .44 When you talked about the EU membership issue with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion? ...... 68 When you talked about the EU membership with people who did not agree with you, did you

152 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order try to influence their opinion? ...... 125 Where on this scale would you place yourself? ...... 100 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party ...... 50 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Green League . . . . . 52 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Left Alliance ...... 52 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party 51 Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party 50 Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country ...... 45 Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity? ...... 8 Which candidate did you then vote for? ...... 56 Which goal do you regard as the second most important? ...... 58 Which goal do you regard as the third most important? ...... 58 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization . . 13 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization 11 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization 12 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cul- tural organization ...... 14 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club ...... 12 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist orga- nization ...... 13 Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women’s organization 13 Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer? ...... 9 Which of the following basic defence policies is best for Finland? ...... 112 Which of the following suggestions is closest to your own views? ...... 93 Which of these geographic areas would you say you most belong to? ...... 59 Which party did you vote for? ...... 54 Whom did you vote for? ...... 55 Would it have been better, after all, if the Government and Parliament had decided on Finland’s EU membership, without the referendum? ...... 128 Would it have been better if the Government and Parliament had made the decision about Fin- land’s EU membership, or was it the right thing to hold a referendum? ...... 66 Your mother tongue? ...... 115

153

Appendix A

Questionnaire in Finnish

155 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa

FSD1195 Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994

Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/

QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive:

FSD1195 EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994

If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/ ______

EU-KANSANÄÄNESTYS 1994:1

______Luotettavaa tietoa - Suomen Gallup Oy, Itätuulenkuja 10 A, 02100 Espoo, puh. 90-613 500 ¦EU-KANSANÄÄNESTYS 1994:1 T-141100/94¦ ______LNO ______1

Suomen Gallup haastattelee 1500 suomalaista. Teemme nämä haastattelut Suomen Akatemian tutkimusta varten. Aiheena on suomalaisten yhteiskunnallinen osallistuminen ja suhtautuminen kansanäänestykseen. Vastaukset tarvitaan tilastollista tarkastelua varten ja ne pysyvät ehdottomasti nimettöminä.

1. Mikä tämän kortin vaihtoehdoista parhaiten kuvaa pääasiallista toimintaanne tällä hetkellä? (KORTTI 1)

palkansaaja………………………………………………………………………. 2 1 Æ Kys. 3 yrittäjä maatilalla, liike- tai muussa yrityksessä, ammatinharjoittaja……………. 2 Æ Kys. 2 työtön…………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Æ Kys. 4 varusmies……………………………………………………………………….… 4 Æ Kys. 4 opiskelija…………………………………………………………………………. 5 Æ Kys. 7 vanhuuseläkkeellä………………………………………………………………... 6 Æ Kys. 4 varhaiseläkkeellä…………………………………………………………………. 7 Æ Kys. 4 hoidatte omaa kotitaloutta……………………………………………………….. 8 Æ Kys. 7 teette muuta, mitä?______9 Æ Kys. 7 ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………… 10

(VAIN YRITTÄJÄASEMASSA TOIMIVILTA)

2. Paljonko Teillä on palkattua henkilöstöä?

Ei työntekijöitä…………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 1 1-9 työntekijää………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 10 työntekijää tai enemmän…………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Ei koske vastaajaa………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5

3. Mikä on ammattinne tällä hetkellä? ______4 1 4. Mikä oli ammattinne työssä ollessanne? ______5 1 5. Minkä elinkeinon tai toimialan piirissä työskentelette/työskentelitte (KORTTI 5)

Maatalous, metsätalous, kalastus……………………………………………………………………… 6 1 Teollisuus, käsityö, kaivostoiminta ……………………………………………………………………. 2 Rakennustoiminta……………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Kauppa.………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Pankki-, vakuutus- ja kiinteistötoiminta……………………………………………………………….. 5 Yksityiset palvelut, esim. hotellit, ravintolat, kampaamot…………………………………………….. 6 Kuljetukset, posti ja tietoliikenne……………………………………………………………………… 7 Kuntien ja valtion julkinen hallinto……………………………………………………………………. 8 Opetus ja tutkimus……………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Julkiset palvelukset (poliisi, puolustus, terveys, kirkko)………………………………………………. 10

Muu toimiala, mikä? ______11 Ei koske vastaajaa/ei ole ollut työelämässä……………………………………………………………. 12 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13

6. Mikä tämän kortin vaihtoehdoista kuvaa nykyistä tai viimeistä työnantajaanne? (KORTTI 6)

valtio…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 1 kunta, kuntainliitto, seurakunta………………………………………………………………………… 2 valtioenemmistöinen osakeyhtiö………………………………………………………………………... 3 yksityinen teollisuuden alan yritys……………………………………………………………………... 4 yksityinen palvelualan yritys………………………………………………………………………….… 5 muu yksityinen yritys……………………………………………………………………………………. 6 oma maatila……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 oma yritys………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

jokin muu, mikä? ______9 ei ole/ei ole ollut työelämässä…………………………………………………………………………… 10 ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 1 7. Oletteko:

avioliitossa?………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 1 —> Kys. 8 avoliitossa?…………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 —> Kys. 8 naimaton?…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 —> Kys. 9 leski?…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 —> Kys. 9 eronnut?……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 —> Kys. 9

8. Mikä on avio/avopuolisonne ammatti tai työn laatu? (JOS ON ELÄKKEELLÄ, MIKA ON ENTINEN AMMATTI) ______9 1 9. Kuulutteko johonkin etu- tai ammattijärjestöön? (KORTTI 9)

SAK Suomen Ammattiliittojen Keskusjärjestö…………………………………………………………………… 10 1 AKAVA…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2 Toimihenkilöjärjestö – STTK……………………………………………………………………………………. 3 MTK Maa- ja metsätaloustuottajain Keskusliitto………………………………………………………………… 4 SYKL Suomen Yrittäjäin Keskusliitto……………………………………………………………………………. 5

Muu ammatillinen etujärjestö, mikä? …………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Ei kuulu mihinkään etujärjestöön…………………………………………………………………………………. 7 Ei osaa sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

JOS KUULUU

10. Toimitteko siinä tällä hetkellä vai oletteko vain jäsen?

Toimii……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 1 vain jäsen…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

11. Seuraavalla kortilla on eräitä muita yhdistyksiä. Mihin niistä kuulutte? (KORTTI 11}

Ei Vain Toimiva Ei osaa kuulu jäsen jäsen sanoa

Puoluepoliittinen yhdistys 12 1 2 3 4 Uskonnollinen järjestö 13 1 2 3 4 Urheiluseura 14 1 2 3 4 Naisjärjestö 15 1 2 3 4 Hyväntekeväisyysjärjestö 16 1 2 3 4 Sotaveteraani- ja reserviläisjärjestö 17 1 2 3 4 Laulu, musiikki tai muu kulttuuriyhdistys 18 1 2 3 4

12. Onko joitakin vielä mainitsemattomia yhdistyksiä, joissa olette jäsen tai toimiva jäsen?

ei ole……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 1, on muita, joissa jäsen……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2, on muita, joissa toimii…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3, ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4, 13. Kuinka paljon politiikka kiinnostaa Teitä? Oletteko hyvin kiinnostunut, melko kiinnostunut, ei kovinkaan kiinnostunut vai ette ollenkaan kiinnostunut?

hyvin kiinnostunut………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 1 melko kiinnostunut………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ei kovinkaan kiinnostunut…………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 ei ollenkaan kiinnostunut………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 14. Kun olette keskustellut politiikasta eri mieltä olevien henkilöiden kanssa, oletteko yrittänyt taivutella heitä omalle kannallenne usein, ehkä joskus, vai ette koskaan?

usein……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 1 joskus………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 ei koskaan………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

2 15. Jos ajattelette yleisesti poliittista toimintaanne, joka kuitenkaan ei liity Euroopan unionin jäsenyyteen, niin oletteko neljän viime vuoden aikana tehnyt jotain seuraavista asioista ja jos ette ole niin voisitteko tehdä niin jos asia on tärkeä? (KORTTI 15)

LUETTELE ASIAT: On Voisi Ei Ei osaa tehnyt tehdä tekisi sanoa Allekirjoittanut jonkin julkilausuman, toimintalistan, nimienkeruukampanja 22 1 2 3 4

Osallistunut mielenosoitukseen 23 1 2 3 4 Kirjoittanut politiikasta sanomalehteen 24 1 2 3 4

Kääntynyt kansanedustajan, kunnanvaltuutetun tai muun poliitikon puoleen 25 1 2 3 4

Käyttänyt poliittista rintamerkkiä 26 1 2 3 4

Osallistunut vaalitilaisuuteen tai muuhun poliittiseen kokoukseen 27 1 2 3 4

16. Monet kannattavat jotakin puoluetta. Pidättekö Te yleensä itseänne jonkin puolueen kannattajana?

KYLLÄ, KANNATTAJA…………………………………………………………….. 28 1 Æ Kys. 17 EI KANNATTAJA…………………………………………………………………….. 2 Æ Kys. 18 EI OSAA SANOA…………………………………………………………………….. 3 Æ Kys. 18 17. Minkä puolueen kannattaja Te olette? (PUOLUEIDEN NIMIÄ EI LUETA)

Suomen Keskusta………………………………………………………………………………………... 29 1 SDP……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Kokoomus……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Vasemmistoliitto………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Vihreä liitto……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue……………………………………………………………………………… 6 SMP……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Kristillinen liitto…………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 LKP……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9

Muu, mikä?______10 Ei vastaa………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Ei koske vastaajaa……………………………………………………………………………………….. 12

18. Tällä kortilla on eräänlainen myötämielisyyden mittari. Aion mainita yksitellen erilaisia ryhmiä. Jos Teillä on ryhmää kohtaan myönteisiä tunteita, siis jos pidätte siitä, niin valitkaa sopiva luku yhden ja plus 5:n väliltä. Jos tunnette vastenmielisyyttä ryhmää kohtaan, käyttäkää mittarin lukemia miinus yhdestä miinus 5:een. Jos tunteenne eivät ole se enempää myönteiset kuin kielteisetkään, valitsette luvun 0. (NÄYTÄ KORTTI 18) (HAASTATTELIJA, KIRJAA JOKAISEN KYSYMYKSEN KOHDALLE VASTAUSTA VASTAAVA KOODINUMERO)

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5

KOODI 123456789101112 Erittäin En pidä Pidän Ei vasten- eikä ole erittäin osaa mielinen vastenmielinen paljon sanoa

Ensin erilaisia kotimaan kohteita:

Kirkko……………………………………………………………………………………………. __ __ Eduskunta…………………………………………………………………………………………__ __ Pienyrittäjät………………………………………………………………………………………. __ __ Pakolaiset………………………………………………………………………………………… __ __ Naisasialiike……………………………………………………………………………………… __ __ Poliisi…………………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __ Mustalaiset……………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __ EU-jäsenyyttä puoltavat kansalaisliikkeet……………………………………………………….. __ __ EU-jäsenyyttä vastustavat kansalaisliikkeet…………………………………………………….. __ __ 5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5

KOODI 123456789101112 Erittäin En pidä Pidän Ei vasten- eikä ole erittäin osaa mielinen vastenmielinen paljon sanoa

Sitten eduskuntapuolueet suuruusjärjestyksessä:

Suomen Keskusta……………………………………………………………………………….. __ __

Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue…………………………………………………………. __ __

Kansallinen Kokoomus………………………………………………………………………… __ __

Vasemmistoliitto………………………………………………………………………………… __ __

Vihreä Liitto…………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __

Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue…………………………………………………………………….. __ __

Suomen Maaseudun Puolue…………………………………………………………………….. __ __

Suomen Kristillinen Liitto………………………………………………………………………. __ __

Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue …………………………………………………………………….. __ __

Vielä kolme järjestöä:

SAK (Suomen Ammattijärjestöjen Keskusliitto)…………………………………………………__ __ Teollisuuden ja Työnantajain keskusjärjestö……………………………………………………. __ __ MTK (Maa- ja metsätaloustuottajain Keskusliitto)……………………………………………… __ __

Ja lopuksi tunteet eräitä ulkomaalaisia kohtaan:

Norjalaiset………………………………………………………………………………………. __ __

Ruotsinruotsalaiset………………………………………………………………………………. __ __

Saksalaiset………………………………………………………………………………………. __ __

Ranskalaiset……………………………………………………………………………………… __ __

Virolaiset …………………………………………………………………………………………__ __

Puolalaiset……………………………………………………………………………………… . __ __

Venäläiset ……………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __

Amerikkalaiset…………………………………………………………………………………… __ __ 19. Luen nyt joitakin mielipiteitä, joita joskus kuulee esitettävän. Sanokaa joka väittämän kohdalla, oletteko täysin samaa mieltä, osittain samaa mieltä, osittain eri mieltä, vai täysin eri mieltä. (KORTTI 19)

täysin osittain täysin LUETTELE VÄITTÄMÄT samaa samaa osittain eri eri sekä ei osaa mieltä mieltä mieltä mieltä että sanoa Ne, jotka istuvat eduskunnassa ja tekevät päätöksiä., eivät paljonkaan ota huomioon, mitä mieltä tavalliset ihmiset ovat asioista 59 1 2 3 4 5 6 Puolueet ovat kiinnostuneita vain ihmisten antamista äänistä, eivät heidän mielipiteistään 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 Äänestämällä voi todella vaikuttaa maan asioiden hoitoon 61 1 2 3 4 5 6 Suomen nykyisessä taloudellisessa tilanteessa on osattava tinkiä ympäristövaatimuksista 62 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yhteiskunnan tulee valvoa yksityistä elinkeinoelämää, jotta pankkien ja teollisuuden vaikutusvalta ei kasva liian suureksi 63 1 2 3 4 5 6 Minunkaltaiseni ihmiset voivat kyllä äänestää, mutta millään muulla tavalla me emme voi politiikkaan vaikuttaa 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 Maahanmuutto uhkaa vakavasti Suomen kansallista erikoislaatua 65 1 2 3 4 5 6 Suomen kulttuuri kestää joka alalla vertailun muiden maiden kulttuurin kanssa 66 1 2 3 4 5 6 Joskus politiikka vaikuttaa niin monimutkaiselta, että en oikein ymmärrä, mitä on tekeillä 67 1 2 3 4 5 6 Todellista valtaa käytetään tässä maassa muualla kuin eduskunnassa ja hallituksessa 68 1 2 3 4 5 6 Innostaaksemme ihmisten aloitekykyä meidän on hyväksyttävä nykyistä suuremmat tuloerot 69 1 2 3 4 5 6 Valitut kansanedustajat menettävät yleensä pian kosketukset äänestäjiin 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vaikeina aikoina pitää ennen kaikkea kantaa huolta suomalaisten työllisyydestä 71 1 2 3 4 5 6 Toimikoon Suomi viisaasti tai harkitsemattomasti, minä seison aina oman maani puolella 72 1 2 3 4 5 6

20. Viime vuosina on korostettu naisten ja miesten tasa-arvoa. Sanoisitteko että tasa-arvoa on kehitettävä edelleen, että sitä on kehitetty tarpeeksi, että se on viety jo liian pitkälle, vai eikö Teillä ole tästä asiasta mielipidettä? (KORTTI 20)

Kehitettävä edelleen……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73 1 Kehitetty tarpeeksi………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Viety liian pitkälle………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Ei mielipidettä…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 21. Luen seuraavaksi joukon ehdotuksia, joiden toteuttamista on Suomessa esitetty. Sanokaa jokaisen kohdalla miten Te suhtaudutte siihen? (KORTTI 21)

LUETTELE EHDOTUKSET: Ei hyvä Erit- Erittäin Melko eikä Melko täin Ei osaa hyvä hyvä huono huono huono sanoa On kehitettävä yhteiskuntaa, jossa vaalitaan perinteisiä suomalaisia arvoja 74 1 2 3 4 5 6

Julkista sektoria on karsittava 75 1 2 3 4 5 6

On panostettava ympäristöystävälliseen yhteiskuntaan siinäkin tapauksessa, että se. merkitsee hidasta talouskasvua tai kasvun 76 1 2 3 4 5 6

Oikeutta vapaaseen aborttiin on rajoitettava 77 1 2 3 4 5 6

Alkoholijuomien hintoja on korotettava voimakkaasti, jotta yhteiskunnassa rajoitettaisiin alkoholin väärinkäyttöä ja alkoholivaurioita 78 1 2 3 4 5 6

On panostettava yhteiskuntaan, jossa talouskasvu on nopeaa ja tuottavuus korkea 79 1 2 3 4 5 6

Kehitysapua on vähennettävä 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 On kehitettävä monikulttuurista yhteiskuntaa, jossa suvaitaan hyvin myös muista maista tulevia ihmisiä sekä muita uskontoja ja muita elämäntapoja 81 1 2 3 4 5 6

22. Kuinka paljon yleensä luotatte suomalaisiin poliitikkoihin? Luotatteko poliitikkoihin hyvin paljon, melko paljon, melko vähän vai erittäin vähän?

hyvin paljon……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 82 1 melko paljon…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 melko vähän……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 erittäin vähän…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5

23. Yleisesti ajatellaan, että puolueet voidaan asettaa järjestykseen vasemmalta oikealle a) Tällä kortilla on eräänlainen vasemmisto-oikeisto -mittari. Pyydän Teitä sijoittamaan eri puolueita tälle asteikolle. Mitä enemmän vasemmalla puolue on Teidän mielestänne, sitä enemmän vasemmalla olevan numeron valitsette. Ja mitä enemmän oikealla puolue tuntuu olevan, sitä enemmän oikealla olevan numeron valitsette. (NÄYTÄ KORTTI 23) 01234567891011 VASEN EI VASEN OIKEA EI OSAA EIKÄ OIKEA SANOA

Aloitamme Suomen keskustasta. Mille kohdalle asteikolla asettaisitte Suomen Keskustan?

Suomen Keskustan …………………………………………………………………………………………. __ __ Suomen Sosialidemokraattisen Puolueen…………………………………………………………………… __ __ Kansallisen Kokoomuksen………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __ Vasemmistoliiton …………………………………………………………………………………………… __ __ Vihreän liiton……………………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __

b) Entä mihin mittarin kohtaan sijoittaisitte itsenne?

Vastaaja itse………………………………………………………………………………………………… __ __

6 24. Eduskuntavaalit toimitettiin viimeksi vuonna 1991. Äänestittekö silloin?

Kyllä……………………………………………………………………………… 89 1 En muista varmasti, mutta luultavasti…………………………………………….. 2 Ei, en äänestänyt………………………………………………………………….. 3 —> kys. 26 Ei osaa sanoa, ei halua vastata……………………………………………………. 4 —> kys. 26 Ei ollut äänioikeutta………………………………………………………………. 5—> kys. 26

25. Mitä puoluetta äänestitte silloin? Sanokaa vain numero tältä kortilta. (KORTTI 25) Suomen Keskusta………………………………………………………………………………….. 90 1 Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue…………………………………………………………… 2 Kansallinen Kokoomus……………………………………………………………………………. 3 Vasemmistoliitto……………………………………………………………………….………….. 4 Vihreä Liitto……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue ………………………………………………………………………. 6 Suomen Maaseudun Puolue ………………………………………………………………………. 7 Suomen Kristillinen Liitto………………………………………………………………………… 8 Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue……………………………………………………………………….. 9 Naisliike……………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Suomen eläkeläisten puolue……………………………………………………………………….. 11 Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue…………………………………………………………………… 12

Muu, mikä? ______13 Ei muista…………………………………………………………………………………………... 14 Ei halua sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………... 15 Ei osaa sanoa …………………………………………………………………………….……….. 16

26. Viime tammikuussa ja helmikuussa toimitettiin tasavallan presidentin vaali a) Äänestittekö vaalin ensimmäisellä kierroksella tammikuussa? Kyllä äänestin……………………………………………………………………………… 91 1 —> kys. b En muista varmasti, luultavasti äänestin…………………………………………………… 2 —> kys. b En äänestänyt………………………………………………………………………………. 3 —> kys. 27 Ei osaa sanoa, ei halua vastata……………………………………………………………… 4 —> kys. 27 b) Vaalissa oli nämä yksitoista ehdokasta (KORTTI 26). Kenelle heistä annoitte äänenne? Elisabeth Rehn………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Pekka Tiainen………………………………………………………………………………………... 3 Claes Andersson……………………………………………………………………………………… 4

Sulo Aittoniemi………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Raimo Ilaskivi……………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Toimi Kankaanniemi………………………………………………………………………………… 7

Paavo Väyrynen……………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Martti Ahtisaari………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Pertti Virtanen……………………………………………………………………………………….. 10

Eeva Kuuskoski……………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Keijo Korhonen……………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Ei äänestänyt………………………………………………………………………………………… 13

Ei muista…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14 Ei halua sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………….. 15 Ei osaa sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 27. a) Entä äänestittekö toisella kierroksella helmikuussa? Äänesti…………………………………………………………………………………. 93 1 —> kys. b Luultavasti äänesti……………………………………………………………………… 2 —> kys. b Ei äänestänyt……………………………………………………………………………. 3 —> kys. 28 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………….. 4 —> kys. 28 b) Kumpaa ehdokasta äänestitte silloin: Martti Ahtisaarta vai Elisabeth Rehniä? Ahtisaari…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 94 1 Rehn…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2

Ei äänestänyt……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Ei muista……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Ei halua sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Ei osaa sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 7 28. Entä jos eduskuntavaalit toimitettaisiin huomenna. Mille puolueelle luultavasti antaisitte äänenne? Sanokaa vain numero tältä kortilta. (KORTTI 28

Suomen Keskusta…………………………………………………………………………………95 1 Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue…………………………………………………………… 2 Kansallinen Kokoomus……………………………………………………………………………. 3 Vasemmistoliitto…………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Vihreä Liitto……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue ……………………………………………………………………….. 6 Suomen Maaseudun Puolue………………………………………………………………………… 7 Suomen Kristillinen Liitto…………………………………………………………………………. 8 Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue………………………………………………………………………… 9 Naisliike…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 Suomen eläkeläisten puolue………………………………………………………………………… 11 Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue…………………………………………………………………… 12 Vapaan Suomen Liitto……………………………………………………………………………… 13

Muu, mikä?______14 En äänestäisi………………………………………………………………………………………… 15Æ kys.30 Ei halua sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………. 16Æ kys.30 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………….. 17Æ kys.30

29. Oletteko mainitun puolueen varma kannattaja vai eikö kantanne ole kovinkaan varma? varma………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 96 1 ei kovinkaan varma……………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 ei koske vastaajaa……………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 30. Tällä kortilla luetellaan neljä erilaista poliittisen toiminnan tavoitetta. (KORTTI 30) A. Mitä pidätte tärkeimpänä näistä tavoitteista? B. Mitä pidätte toiseksi tärkeimpänä? (VALITAAN JÄLJELLE JÄÄNEISTÄ YKSI) C. Mitä pidätte kolmanneksi tärkeimpänä? (VALITAAN JÄLJELLE JÄÄNEISTÄ YKSI)

A B C Tärkein Toiseksi Kolmanneksi Järjestyksen ylläpitäminen 97 1 98 1 99 1 Tavallisten ihmisten vaikutuksen lisääminen poliittisessa 2 2 2 päätöksenteossa Hinnankorotusten vastustaminen 3 3 3 Sananvapauden puolustaminen 4 4 4 Ei osaa sanoa 5 5 5 31. A. Mihin näistä maantieteellisestä alueista sanoisitte eniten kuuluvanne? B. Ja mihin sanoisitte toiseksi kuuluvanne? (KORTTI 31)

Ensiksi Toiseksi Kotikaupunki/ kotikunta 100 1 101 1 Lääni tai maakunta 2 2 Suomi kokonaisuudessaan 3 3 Pohjoismaat 4 4 Länsi -Eurooppa 5 5 Koko maailma 6 6

Ei osaa sanoa 7 7

32 Kuinka ylpeä olette siitä, että olette suomalainen? Oletteko erittäin ylpeä, melko ylpeä, ette kovin ylpeä, vai ette lainkaan ylpeä? Erittäin ylpeä…………………………. 102 1 Melko ylpeä…………………………… 2 Ei kovin ylpeä………………………… 3 Ei lainkaan ylpeä……………………… 4

8 33. Jos vertaatte omaa taloudellista tilannettanne siihen, millainen se oli pari-kolme vuotta sitten, onko se parantunut, pysynyt suunnilleen samana vai onko se huonontunut? Parantunut……………………… 103 1 Samanlainen…………………….. 2 Huonontunut…………………….. 3 Ei osaa sanoa……………………. 4

34. Onko teidän käsityksenne mukaan Suomen talous muuttunut parin- kolmen viime vuoden aikana? Onko se parantunut, pysynyt suunnilleen samana vai onko se huonontunut? Parantunut…………………….. 104 1 Samanlainen………………….... 2 Huonontunut…………………… 3 Ei osaa sanoa…………………… 4

35. Kun ajatellaan tästä eteenpäin, miten arvelette oman taloudellisen tilanteenne muuttuvan parin- kolmen lähivuoden aikana? Parantuuko se, pysyykö se suunnilleen samana vai huononeeko se? Parantuu……………………….. 105 1 Samana………………………… 2 Huononee ……………………… 3 Ei osaa sanoa ………………….. 4

36. Kuinka luulette Suomen talouden muuttuvan lähimpien parin- kolmen vuoden kuluessa? Parantuuko se, pysyykö se suunnilleen samana vai huononeeko se? Parantuu………………………… 106 1 Samana…………………………. 2 Huononee………………………. 3 Ei osaa sanoa…………………… 4

37. Kuinka arvelette taloudellisten olojen muuttuvan Euroopan unionin jäsenmaissa lähimpien parin- kolmen vuoden aikana? Parantuuko se, pysyykö se suunnilleen samanlaisena vai huononeeko se? Parantuu………………………… 107 1 Samana………………………….. 2 Huononee ………………………. 3 Ei osaa sanoa…………………… 4

38. Jos meistä tulee EU:n jäsen arveletteko että Teidän henkilökohtainen taloudellinen tilanteenne tulee paremmaksi vai huonommaksi kuin siinä tapauksessa, että pysymme EU:n ulkopuolella, vai eikö sillä ole vaikutusta talouteenne? Paremmaksi……………………… 108 1 Ei vaikutusta………………………. 2 Huonommaksi…………………….. 3 Ei osaa sanoa……………………… 4

39a. Kuinka usein teillä on tapana lukea sanomalehdistä politiikkaa koskevia uutisia ja artikkeleja? (KORTTI 39) Ei koskaan……………………….. 109 1 Satunnaisesti……………………… 2 1-2 päivänä viikossa………………… 3 3-5 päivänä viikossa………………… 4 6-7 päivänä viikossa………………… 5 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………. 6

39b. Entä kuinka usein luette ulkomaan uutisia? (KORTTI 39) Ei koskaan…………………………110 1 Satunnaisesti………………………. 2 1 -2 päivänä viikossa……………… 3 3-5 päivänä viikossa……………… 4 6-7 päivänä viikossa……………… 5 Ei osaa sanoa …………………….. 6 40.Mitä sanomalehtiä luette säännöllisesti? (MERKITSE MUISTIIN ENINTÄÄN 3 LEHTEÄ)

1.lehti______111 1, 2.lehti______2, 3.lehti______3, Ei mitään lehteä______4,

41. Kuinka monena päivänä viikossa tavallisesti katsotte Ylen televisiouutisia, joko kakkoskanavalta klo 18:30 tai ykköskanavalta klo 20:30? (KORTTI 41) En koskaan…………………………….. 112 1 Satunnaisesti…………………………… 2 1-2 kertaa viikossa……………………… 3 3-5 kertaa viikossa……………………… 4 6-7 kertaa viikossa………………………. 5 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………… 6

42. Kuinka monena päivänä viikossa tavallisesti katsotte MTV:n uutisia, siis joko seitsemän uutiset tai kymmenen uutiset? (KORTTI 41)

En koskaan……………………………. 113 1 Satunnaisesti………………………….. 2 1-2 kertaa viikossa……………………. 3 3-5 kertaa viikossa…………………….. 4 6-7 kertaa viikossa…………………….. 5 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………….. 6

43. Kuinka monena päivänä viikossa katsotte television A-studiota tai muuta ajankohtaisohjelmaa? (KORTTI 43)

Ei koskaan…………………………… 114 1 Satunnaisesti………………………… 2 1-2 päivänä viikossa…………………. 3 3-5 päivänä viikossa………………… 4 6-7 päivänä viikossa………………… 5 Ei osaa sanoa………………………… 6

44. Kuinka monena päivänä viikossa tavallisesti kuuntelette Yleisradion uutislähetyksiä radiosta? (KORTTI 43)

Ei koskaan…………………………… 115 1 Satunnaisesti………………………… 2 1-2 päivänä viikossa…………………. 3 3-5 kertana viikossa…………………. 4 6-7 kertana viikossa…………………. 5 Ei osaa sanoa………………………… 6 45. Kuinka usein keskustelette politiikasta muiden ihmisten kanssa: keskusteletteko hyvin usein, melko usein, melko harvoin vai tuskin koskaan? hyvin usein……………………………. 116 1 melko usein……………………………. 2 melko harvoin………………………… 3 tuskin koskaan………………………… 4 ei osaa sanoa………………………….. 5

46. Millaisen pohjan tiedotusvälineiden EU-aineisto on antanut Teille ratkaista oma kantanne EU-kysymyksestä? Ovatko tiedotusvälineet antaneet Teille erittäin hyvän, kohtalaisen, huonon vai erittäin huonon pohjan ratkaista kanta EU-asiasta? erittäin hyvän…………………………. 117 1 kohtalaisen…………………………….. 2 huonon……………………………….… 3 erittäin huonon……………………….… 4 ei osaa sanoa…………………………… 5

47. Kuinka tärkeänä pidätte päätöstä Suomen liittymisestä Euroopan unioniin? Onko se maamme tärkein ratkaisu moniin vuosikymmeniin, onko se yksi tärkeä asia muiden joukossa, vai eikö asialla ole kovinkaan suurta merkitystä? Tärkein ratkaisu………………………. 118 1 Tärkeä muiden joukossa ………………. 2 Ei suurta merkitystä…………………… 3 Ei osaa sanoa………………………….. 4

48 Olisiko ollut parempi, jos hallitus ja eduskunta olisivat päättäneet Suomen EU-jäsenyydestä ilman kansanäänestystä vai onko mielestänne oikein järjestää kansanäänestys tässä tapauksessa? Hallituksen ja eduskunnan olisi pitänyt päättää………………………………… 119 1 On oikein järjestää kansanäänestys …... 2 Ei osaa sanoa………………………….. 3

49 Pitääkö poliitikkojen mielestänne noudattaa kansanäänestyksen tulosta vai antaisitteko eduskunnan päättää myös toisella tavalla? Noudatettava tulosta ...... ……...... ….. 120 1 Eduskunta saa päättää ...... …… 2 Ei osaa sanoa………………………….. 3

50. EU-asiasta ollaan kahta mieltä. Kun ajatellaan Teidän lähimpiä ystäviänne ja perhettänne, ovatko he yleensä jäsenyyden kannalla vai sitä vastaan, vai onko molempia mielipiteitä suunnilleen saman verran vai ollaanko vielä ilman kantaa? Jäsenyyden kannalla ...... 121 1 Vastaan ...... ……. 2 Saman verran molempia mielipiteitä ... 3 Ilman kantaa…...... …….... 4 Ei osaa sanoa………………………… 5

51. Kuinka usein olette keskustellut perheessä tai ystävien kesken EU-kysymyksestä? Sanoisitteko että olette keskustellut hyvin usein, melko usein, harvoin vai tuskin koskaan? hyvin usein ...... …… 122 1 melko usein ...... …... 2 harvoin ...... ……. 3 tuskin koskaan ...... …. 4 ei osaa sanoa ...... ….. 5 52. Ja kun ajatellaan tunnelmia siellä, missä olette päivisin (työpaikalla, koulussa jne.), sanotaanko EU:lle Kyllä vai Ei, kuuleeko kyllä ja ei-kantaa jokseenkin saman verran vai ollaanko asiasta epävarmoja? useimmat Kyllä………………………… 123 1 useimmat Ei……………………………… 2 saman verran…………………………….. 3 epävarmoja………………………………. 4 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………. 5

53. Kuinkahan usein olette keskustellut työtoverien tai opiskelutoverien kanssa EU-kysymyksestä? Sanoisitteko että keskustelua on ollut hyvin usein, melko usein, harvoin vai tuskin koskaan? hyvin usein……………………………………….. 124 1 melko usein………………………………………. 2 harvoin…………………………………….……… 3 tuskin koskaan…………………………………….. 4 en tapaa muita ihmisiä (VAIHTOEHTOA EI LUETA) 5 ei osaa sanoa……………………………………….. 6

54. Kun olette puhunut eri mieltä olevien kanssa EU- kysymyksestä, niin oletteko yrittänyt vaikuttaa heidän mielipiteeseensä usein, joskus vai ette koskaan? usein……………………………………………….. 125 1 joskus……………………………………………… 2 ei koskaan…………………………………………. 3 ei osaa sanoa………………………………………. 4

55 Kuinka paljon EU-kysymys Teitä kiinnostaa? Oletteko hyvin kiinnostunut, melko kiinnostunut, ette kovinkaan kiinnostunut vai ette ollenkaan kiinnostunut? hyvin kiinnostunut……………………………….. 126 1 melko kiinnostunut………………………………. 2 ei kovinkaan kiinnostunut……………………….. 3 ei ollenkaan kiinnostunut………………………… 4 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………… 5

56. Kuinka hyvin mielestänne tunnette EU-jäsenyyteen liittyviä asioita; sangen hyvin, melko hyvin, melko huonosti vai erittäin huonosti?

Sangen hyvin…………………………………….. 127 1 Melko hyvin………………………………………. 2 Melko huonosti……………………………….…… 3 Erittäin huonosti………………………..…………. 4 Ei osaa sanoa………………………………………. 5

57. Oletteko Suomen EU-jäsenyyden kannalla vai sitä vastaan, vai ettekö ole ratkaissut kantaanne?

Kannattaa………………………………….……… 128 1 Vastustaa…………………………………………… 2 Ei ratkaissut kantaansa……………………….…….. 3 Ei osaa sanoa ……………………………….……… 4

58. Onko Teillä asiasta varma kanta vai oletteko epävarma?

Varma kanta………………………………………. 129 1 Epävarma………………………………………….. 2 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………….………. 3

59. Mitkä ovat Teidän EU-kantanne tärkeimmät perustelut? Haluatteko mainita muita syitä? ______130 1 ______2 ______3 60. Onko mielestänne olemassa perusteluja myös vastakkaisen mielipiteen puolesta, vai eikö tärkeitä vastaväitteitä voida esittää?

Myös toisen mielipiteen perusteluja…………………………………………………………. 131 1 ÆKys.61 a ja b Ei tärkeitä vastaväitteitä………………………………………………………………………. 2 ÆKys. 63 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………. 3 ÆKys 63

(Kys. 57 KANNATTAJILLE, JOIDEN MIELESTÄ ON VASTAKKAISIA PERUSTELUJA)

61a. Mitkä ovat mielestänne tärkeimmät syyt, miksi Suomen EI PITÄISI LIITTYÄ EU:N JÄSENEKSI? Haluatteko mainita muita syitä? (SIIRRY TÄMÄN JÄLKEEN KYS. 63) ______132 1, ______2, ______3,

(Kys. 57 VASTUSTAJILLE, JOIDEN MIELESTÄ ON VASTAKKAISIA PERUSTELUJA)

61b. Mitä ovat mielestänne tärkeimmät syyt, miksi Suomen PITÄISI LIITTYÄ EU:N JÄSENEKSI? Haluatteko mainita muita syitä? (SIIRRY TÄMÄN JÄLKEEN KYS. 63) ______133 1, ______2, ______3,

(KYS. 62a. JA 62b. VAIN NIILLE, JOTKA EIVÄT RATKAISSEET KANTAA ELI KYS. 57 KOHTA 3)

62a. Mitkä näkökohdat puhuvat jäsenyyden puolesta? ______134 1, ______2, ______3,

62b. Entä mitkä puhuvat jäsenyyttä vastaan? ______135 1, ______2, ______3,

63. Voitteko katsoa korttia ja sanoa, kuinka tärkeä teidän suhteenne seuraaviin henkilöihin ja instituutioihin on ollut oman EU-mielipiteenne kannalta. Aloitamme perheestä. Onko perheellä ollut teidän EU-kantaanne hyvin suuri vaikutus, melko suuri vaikutus, ei kovinkaan paljon vaikutusta vai ei mitään vaikutusta (LUETTELE HENKILÖT JA INSTITUUTIOT)? (KORTTI 63)

Hyvin Melko Ei Ei Ei osaa LUETTELE HENKILÖT JA INSTITUUTIOT: suuri suuri paljon mitään sanoa Teidän perheellänne 136 1 2 3 4 5 Lähimmillä ystävillä 137 1 2 3 4 5 Työtovereilla/opiskelutovereilla 138 1 2 3 4 5

Puolueella, jota kannatatte 139 1 2 3 4 5 Sanomalehdellä, jota luette 140 1 2 3 4 5 Televisiolla 141 1 2 3 4 5

Kampanjoinnilla EU-jäsenyyden puolesta 142 1 2 3 4 5 Kampanjoinnilla EU-jäsenyyttä vastaan 143 1 2 3 4 5 Euroopan unionia 144 1 2 3 4 5

SAK: n (Suomen Ammattijärjestöjen Keskusliiton) kannalla 145 1 2 3 4 5 MTK:n (Maa- ja metsätaloustuottajain Keskusliiton) kannalla 146 1 2 3 4 5 64. Julkisuudessa on esitetty monia syitä, miksi meidän tulee liittyä EU:hun tai pysyä sen ulkopuolella. Luen nyt esillä olleita perusteluja ja pyydän Teitä sanomaan jokaisen kohdalla, vaikuttaako perustelu erittäin hyvältä, hyvältä, huonolta vai erittäin huonolta, vai eikö kyseinen perustelu ole sen enempää hyvä kuin huonokaan? (KORTTI 64)

Ei hyvä Erit- LUETTELE PERUSTELUT: Erittäin eikä täin Ei osaa hyvä Hyvä huono Huono huono sanoa Jäsenyys EU:ssa heikentää kykyämme itse valvoa oman maamme taloutta 147 1 2 3 4 5 6 Toiminta naisten ja miesten tasa-arvon puolesta vaikeutuu, jos olemme EU:n jäsen 148 1 2 3 4 5 6 Talouselämä toivoo EU- jäsenyyttä päästäkseen irti poliittisesta ohjauksesta ja valvonnasta 149 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jäsenyys EU:ssa merkitsee luopumista kansallisesta riippumattomuudestamme 150 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ympäristöongelmat voidaan ratkaista vain yhteistyöllä EU:ssa 151 1 2 3 4 5 6

Jäsenyys EU:ssa auttaa vahvistamaan maamme puolustusta 152 1 2 3 4 5 6

Meidän pitää tulla EU.n jäseneksi varmistaaksemme kuulumisemme läntiseen maailmaan 153 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallankäyttö on Brysselissä niin kaukana, että tavallinen suomalainen menettää mahdollisuuden vaikuttaa yhteisten asioiden hoitoon, jos meistä tulee osa EU:ta 154 1 2 3 4 5 6 EU:n jäsenenä saamme enemmän todellista vaikutusvaltaa tulevaisuuteemme kuin pysyttelemällä EU:n ulkopuolella 155 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jäsenyys EU:ssa merkitsee maallemme vaikeita aikoja, mutta elämä EU:n ulkopuolella olisi vielä vaikeampaa 156 1 2 3 4 5 6

EU:n jäsenyyttä on turha vastustaa, sillä Suomi liittyy siihen joka tapauksessa 157 1 2 3 4 5 6

65 Kuinka arvelette Suomen jäsenyyden EU:ssa vaikuttavan maamme kehitykseen seuraavilla aloilla/seuraavissa asioissa? (KORTTI 65)

Edistää Ei edistä Huonontaa LUETTELE ASIAT: Edistää jonkin eikä jonkin Huonontaa Ei osaa paljon verran huononna verran paljon sanoa Ympäristö 158 1 2 3 4 5 6 Talouselämä 159 1 2 3 4 5 6 Työllisyys 160 1 2 3 4 5 6 Maatalous 161 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sosiaaliturva 162 1 2 3 4 5 6

Miesten ja naisten tasa-arvo 163 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sotilaallinen turvallisuus 164 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kansallinen itsenäisyys 165 1 2 3 4 5 6

Mahdollisuus vaikuttaa EU:n kehitykseen 166 1 2 3 4 5 6

Suomalaisten elinolot kokonaisuudessaan 167 1 2 3 4 5 6 66. Miten seuraavat asiat vaikuttavat Teidän omaan kantaanne Suomen EU-jäsenyydestä? (KORTTI 66}

1 Lisää merkittävästi jäsenyyden kannattamista 2 Lisää jonkin verran jäsenyyden kannattamista 3 Ei lisää eikä vähennä 4 Vähentää jonkin verran jäsenyyden kannattamista 5 Vähentää merkittävästi jäsenyyden kannattamista 6 Ei osaa sanoa

LUETTELE ASIAT: EU:n jäsenvaltioiden kansalaisten mahdollisuus matkustaa vapaasti EU:n sisällä 168 1 2 3 4 5 6 EU:n jäsenvaltioiden kansalaisten mahdollisuus valita asuinpaikkansa vapaasti EU:n sisällä 169 1 2 3 4 5 6 EU: jäsenvaltioiden kansalaisten paremmat mahdollisuudet opiskella muissa EU-valtioissa 170 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vientiteollisuuden toimintamahdollisuudet 171 1 2 3 4 5 6 Maataloutemme toimintamahdollisuudet 172 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ruuan laatu ja hinta, elintarvikekauppa yleensä 173 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kodinkoneiden ja ajoneuvojen laatu ja hinta, kestokulutustavarakauppa yleensä 174 1 2 3 4 5 6

Suomen työllisyystilanne 175 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sisäinen turvallisuus, yleinen järjestys Suomessa 176 1 2 3 4 5 6 Suomen ulkoinen turvallisuus 177 1 2 3 4 5 6 Euroopan unionissa noudatettava yhteinen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikka 178 1 2 3 4 5 6 Euroopan unionin pyrkimys yhteiseen puolustuspolitiikkaan ja edelleen yhteiseen puolustukseen 179 1 2 3 4 5 6 Suomen mahdollisuudet osallistua päätöksiin ja ohjeiden laatimiseen Euroopan unionissa 180 1 2 3 4 5 6 Euroopan unionin päätösten ja ohjeiden vaikutus Suomeen 181 1 2 3 4 5 6

67. Poliittisessa keskustelussa on ollut esillä erilaisia ehdotuksia Suomen tulevasta suhteesta Euroopan unioniin. Mikä näistä ehdotuksista vastaa lähinnä omaa käsitystänne? (KORTTI 67)

Suomi ei liity EU:hun ja sopimus Euroopan talousalueesta ETA:sta puretaan………………………………………. 182 1

Suomi ei liity EU:hun, mutta ETA-sopimus pidetään voimassa…………………………………………………………… 2

Suomi liittyy EU:hun, mutta pysyy irti sellaisista asioista kuten puolustusyhteistyö ja yhteinen valuutta…………….….. 3

Suomi liittyy EU:hun jäseneksi ja sitoutuu hyväksymään sen sopimat tavoitteet (Maastrichtin sopimus)………………… 4

Suomi liittyy EU:hun ja vaikuttaa siihen suuntaan, että EU:n jäsenmaat yhdistyvät Euroopan yhdysvalloiksi…………… 5

Muu vastaus, mikä? ______6

Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 68. Tälle asteikolle toivomme Teidän sijoittavan puolueet sen mukaan, millä kannalla ne ovat EU-asiassa. (NÄYTÄ KORTTI 68

01234567891011 Tiukasti EU- Ei puolesta Tiukasti EU- Ei jäsenyyttä eikä vastaan jäsenyyden osaa vastaan puolesta sanoa Aloitamme taas Suomen Keskustasta. Mille asteikon kohdalle asettaisitte Suomen Keskustan?

Suomen Keskustan……………………………………………………………………………………………. __ __ Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolueen …………………………………………………………………….. __ __ Kansallisen Kokoomuksen………………………………………………………………………………….. .. __ __ Vasemmistoliiton……………………………………………………………………………………………… __ __ Vihreän liiton …………………………………………………………………………………………………. __ __ Ruotsalaisen Kansanpuolueen………………………………………………………………………………… __ __ Suomen Maaseudun Puolueen…………………………………………………………………………………. __ __ Suomen Kristillisen Liiton…………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __ 69. Puolueiden lisäksi monet muut ovat esiintyneet Suomen EU-jäsenyydestä käydyssä kamppailussa. Pyydämme Teitä asettamaan niitäkin samalle asteikolle.

Teollisuuden ja Työnantajain Keskusliitto…………………………………………………………………. __ __ Suomen Ammatti liittojen Keskusjärjestö (SAK)………………………………………………………….. __ __ Maa- ja metsätaloustuottajain Keskusliitto (MTK)…………………………………………………………. __ __

70. Mihin kohtaan asteikkoa sijoittaisitte itsenne?

Vastaaja itse ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. __ __

______

71. Aiotteko ottaa osaa Suomen EU-jäsenyyttä koskevaan kansanäänestykseen?

Kyllä…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 195 1 Mahdollisesti…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Ei aio äänestää………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 E i osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4 72. Oletteko parhaillaan käynnissä olevan EU-vaalikampanjan yhteydessä tehnyt joitakin seuraavista asioista ja jos ette ole niin voisitteko tehdä niin? (KORTTI 72)

On Voisi Ei Ei osaa tehnyt tehdä tekisi sanoa Allekirjoittanut jonkin julkilausuman ,toimintalistan, nimenkeruukampanjan tms. 196 1 2 3 4 Osallistunut mielenosoitukseen 197 1 2 3 4 Kirjoittanut sanomalehteen 198 1 2 3 4 Kääntynyt kansanedustajan, kunnanvaltuutetun tai muun poliitikon puoleen 199 1 2 3 4 Käyttänyt kampanjatunnusta tai rintamerkkiä 200 1 2 3 4 Osallistunut tiedotustilaisuuteen tai vaalitilaisuuteen 201 1 2 3 4

73. Satutteko muistamaan, onko EU:n jäsenenä nykyään 6, 9, 12 vai 15 maata?

6 maata …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 202 1 9 maata ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2 12 maata…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 15 maata ...... ……………………………………... 4 Ei osaa sanoa ...... ………………………………………………… 5

74. Tiedättekö, missä kaupungissa on EU:n komissio; onko se Pariisissa, Strassbourgissa, ,Bonnissa vai Brysselissä?

Pariisi ...... ………………………………………. 203 1 Strassbourg………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Bonn…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Bryssel……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Ei osaa sanoa ...... …………………………………… . 5

75. Muistatteko, kuinka monta edustajaa Suomi saa EU:n parlamenttiin, jos maastamme tulee EU:n jäsen; saako Suomi 12, 16, 20 vai 24 edustajaa?

12 edustajaa……………………………………………………………………………………………..… 204 1 16……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 2 20 ...... ……………………………………………………………… 3 24 edustajaa ...... ………………………………...... …….. 4 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5

76. Suomi on yksi neljästä maasta, jotka tekevät tänä vuonna päätöksen jäsenyydestään EU:ssa. Mitkä ovat kolme muuta maata?

Mainitsi Ruotsin ...... ……………………………………...... ….. 205 1, Mainitsi Norjan ...... …………………………………… 2, Mainitsi Itävallan ...... ………………………………...... ………….. 3, Mainitsi jonkin muun ...... ………………………………… 4, Mainitsi kaksi muuta ...... …………………………………. 5, Ei osaa sanoa ...... ……………………………………………………………………. 6,

77. Itävaltalaiset äänestivät maansa jäsenyydestä jo kesäkuussa. Kumpi puoli Teidän muistaaksenne voitti Itävallan kansanäänestyksessä?

Kyllä (EU -jäsenyyden puoltajat) voitti……………………………………………………………………. 206 1 Ei (EU- jäsenyyden vastustajat) voitti ...... …………………………… 2 Ei osaa sanoa ...... ………………………………….. 3

78. Millaiseksi veikkaatte Suomen kansanäänestyksen tulosta? Montako prosenttia arvelette meillä tulevan Kyllä-ääniä?

1 ”Kyllä"-vaihtoehto saa äänistä noin ______prosenttia

2 Ei osaa sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2

______│Esitän vielä muutamia turvallisuuteen liittyviä kysymyksiä│ ______

15 79. Jos ajattelette nykyistä maailmantilaa kokonaisuutena, niin luuletteko Suomen ja suomalaisten elävän seuraavan viiden vuoden kuluessa turvallisemmassa vai turvattomammassa maailmassa kuin nykyään?

Turvallisemmassa…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 209 1 Turvattomammassa……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Ei eroa nykyiseen……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

80. Miten seuraavaksi luettelemani ilmiöt tai tekijät mielestänne vaikuttavat Suomen ja suomalaisten turvallisuuteen (KORTTI 80)

1 Lisää merkittävästi turvallisuutta 2 Lisää jonkin verran turvallisuutta 3 Ei lisää eikä vähennä 4 Vähentää jonkin verran turvallisuutta 5 Vähentää merkittävästi turvallisuutta 6 Ei osaa sanoa

LUETTELE ASIAT: Euroopan yhdentyminen 210 1 2 3 4 5 6 Entisen Neuvostoliiton ydinaseet 211 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ydinvoiman käyttö energiantuotantoon Suomessa 212 1 2 3 4 5 6 Keski -Euroopasta ja Baltiasta siirrettyjen Venäjän asevoimien joukkojen määrän lisääntyminen Suomen lähialueilla 213 1 2 3 4 5 6 Työttömyys Suomessa 214 1 2 3 4 5 6

81. Miten hyvin tai huonosti Suomen ulkopolitiikka on Teidän mielestänne hoidettu? (KORTTI 81}

Erittäin hyvin………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 215 1 Melko hyvin………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2 Melko huonosti……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3 Erittäin huonosti…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5

82. Mitä mieltä olette Suomen puolueettomuuspolitiikasta? Onko puolueettomuuden merkitys Suomelle viime aikoina vähentynyt, pysynyt ennallaan vai lisääntynyt? (KORTTI 82)

Puolueettomuuden merkitys on vähentynyt……………………………………………………………………….. 216 1 Puolueettomuuden merkitys on pysynyt ennallaan………………………………………………………………… 2 Puolueettomuuden merkitys on lisääntynyt………………………………………………………………………… 3 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

83a. Mikä seuraavista puolustuspoliittisista perusratkaisuista on mielestänne Suomelle paras? (KORTTI 83) (VAIN YKSI VAIHTOEHTO)

b) Entä mikä on mielestänne toiseksi paras vaihtoehto? (VALITAAN JÄLJELLE JÄÄNEISTÄ YKSI LISÄÄ) c) Entä mikä on vaihtoehdoista kaikkien huonoin? (VALITAAN JÄLJELLE JÄÄNEISTÄ JÄLLEEN YKSI) d) Entä mikä vaihtoehdoista on toiseksi huonoin? (VALITAAN JÄLJELLE JÄÄNEISTÄ JÄLLEEN YKSI)

a b c d

Pysyminen sotilaallisten liittoutumien ulkopuolella ja puolustautuminen omin voimin 217 1 218 1 219 1 220 1

Puolustusliitto ja yhteinen puolustus Ruotsin kanssa 2 2 2 2 Vain sodan aikana yhteinen puolustus läntisten valtioiden asevoimien kanssa 3 3 3 3

Osanotto läntiseen puolustusyhteistyöhön jo rauhan aikana Suomessa olevine länsi joukkoineen ja tukikohtineen 4 4 4 4

Vain sodan aikana yhteinen puolustus Venäjän kanssa 5 5 5 5 Ei osaa sanoa 6 6 6 6 84. Jos Suomeen hyökätään, niin olisiko suomalaisten mielestänne puolustauduttava aseellisesti kaikissa tilanteissa, vaikka tulos näyttäisi epävarmalta?

Kyllä olisi……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 221 1 Ei olisi…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………………………………………………………………………….… 3

85. Mikä on mielipiteenne puolustusvoimille myönnettävistä varoista? (KORTTI 85)

Korotettava tuntuvasti…………………………………………………………………………………… 222 1 Korotettava jonkin verran……………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Säilytettävä ennallaan…………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Vähennettävä jonkin verran……………………………………………………………………………… 4 Vähennettävä tuntuvasti…………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6

| Palaamme vielä parilla kysymyksellä kansanäänestyksiin yleisemmin. | ______86. Pitäisikö meillä tulevaisuudessa olla enemmän kansanäänestyksiä, onko niitä järjestettävä erittäin harvoin, vai oletteko sitä mieltä että kansanäänestyksiä ei tarvita lainkaan?

Enemmän kansanäänestyksiä ……………………………………………………………………….….. 223 1 Kansanäänestyksiä on järjestettävä harvoin……………………………………………………………….. 2 Kansanäänestyksiä ei tarvita……………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

87. Jos kansanäänestyksiä järjestetään tulevaisuudessa, niin pitäisikö niiden yleensä olla. eduskuntaa sitovia vai neuvoa-antavia?

sitovia………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 224 1 neuvoa-antavia………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3

88. Mikä on äidinkielenne?

Suomi………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 225 1 Ruotsi……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Muu…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

89. Seuraava kysymys koskee kielitaitoa. Osaatteko lukea sanomalehteä muulla kuin omalla äidinkielellänne (KORTTI 89>?

Osaatteko lukea: Sujuvasti Jotenkuten En osaa Ei osaa sanoa suomea? (ÄLÄ KYSY SUOMENKIELISILTÄ) 226 1 2 3 4 ruotsia ? (ÄLÄ KYSY RUOTSINKIELISILTÄ) 227 1 2 3 4 englantia? 228 1 2 3 4 saksaa? 229 1 2 3 4 ranskaa? 230 1 2 3 4 espanjaa? 231 1 2 3 4 muuta kieltä, mitä?______232 1 2 3 4

90. Kuinka suuret ovat Teidän ja puolisonne yhteenlasketut tulot? Tarkoitamme tuloja veroja vähentämättä. Vastatkaa sanomalla vaihtoehdon numero tältä kortilta. (KORTTI 90)

Alle 60.000………………………………...alle 5.000…………………………………………………… 233 1 60.001- 90.000……………………………5.001- 7500……………………………………………………. 2 90.001- 120.000………………………….7.501- 10.000………………………………………………….. 3 120.001- 150.000…………………………10.001- 12.500………………………………………………….. 4 150.001- 180.000…………………………12.501- 15.000………………………………………………….. 5 180.001- 210.000…………………………15.001- 17.500………………………………………………….. 6 210.001- 240.000…………………………17.501- 20.000………………………………………………….. 7 240.001- 270.000…………………………20.001- 22.500………………………………………………….. 8 270.001- 300.000…………………………22.501- 25.000………………………………………………….. 9 Yli 300.000…………………………Yli 25.000………………………………………………….. 10 Ei vastausta………………………………………………………… 11 91. Mikä on peruskoulutuksenne? (KORTTI 91)

osa kansakoulua, kansakoulu, kansalaiskoulu……………………………………………………………………. 234 1 osa keskikoulua tai peruskoulua…………………………………………………………………………………. 2 keskikoulu, peruskoulu…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 lukio tai osa siitä………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 ylioppilas………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 muu, mikä? ______6

92. Ja mikä on ammatillinen koulutuksenne? (KORTTI 92)

ei ammattikoulutusta……………………………………………………………………………………………… 235 1 ammattikurssi, lyhyt ammattikoulutus, koulutus työn ohessa……………………………………………………. 2 koulutasoinen ammattikoulutus…………………………………………………………………………………… 3 opistotasoinen ammattikoulutus………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 yliopisto- tai korkeakoulututkinto………………………………………………………………………………... 5 jokin muu, mikä?______6

93. Millaisessa perheessä Te elitte, kun olitte 10-18 -vuotias? Mikä sanonta tällä kortilla kuvaa perhettä parhaiten? (KORTTI 93)

Työläisperhe…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 236 1 Virkamiesperhe………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Akateemisesti koulutettu perhe………………………………………………………………………………….. 3

Maanviljelijäperhe………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Kalastajaperhe…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Itsenäinen ammatinharjoittajaperhe…………………………………………………………………………….. 6

Yrityksen omistajan perhe………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 En osaa sanoa ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Kysymys ei ole ajankohtainen…………………………………………………………………………………... 9

94. Mikä on syntymävuotenne? __ __ 237 Sukupuoli?

Mies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 238 1 Nainen………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

96. Asuinlääni? (ÄLÄ KYSY)

Uudenmaan lääni……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 239 1 Turun ja Porin lääni…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Hämeen lääni…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Kymen lääni…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Mikkelin lääni…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Kuopion lääni…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Keski-Suomen lääni…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7 Vaasan lääni……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 8 Pohjois-Karjalan lääni…………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Oulun lääni………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Lapin lääni………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11

97. Tähän tutkimukseen kuuluu vielä lyhyt 10 minuutin puhelinhaastattelu lokakuun puolivälin jälkeen. Voinhan ottaa Teihin puhelimitse yhteyttä myös tämän toisen haastattelun merkeissä? (MUISTA MERKITÄ NIMI, OSOITE, PUHELINNUMERO JA LOMAKENUMERO SEURANTALISTAAN)

kyllä………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 240 1 ei…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

JOS EI SUOSTU JATKOHAASTATTELUUN

98. Voisitteko sanoa miksi ette suostu? ______241 1, ______2, ______3, 18 99. Kiitän Teitä yhteistyöstä. Haluaisitteko lopuksi sanoa jotain tästä haastattelusta tai tutkimuksesta yleensä?

______242 1, ______2, ______3,

Haastateltavan asuinpaikkakunnan nimi (MERKITSE KUNNAN NIMI TARKKAAN) ______Haastateltavan asuinpaikkakunnan postinumero ______243

Haastattelu pvm ____/ /1994

Haastattelijan nimi/Valtuuskortin numero -______

Haastattelun kesto__/__ min

______MERKITSE HAASTATELTAVAN NIMI, OSOITE JA PUHELINNUMERO SEURANTALISTALLE. LOMAKKEEN NUMERO ON EHDOTTOMASTI MYÖS SIIRRETTÄVÄ. ______

19 ______Suomen Gallup Oy 1-NOV-94 EU-KANSANÄÄNESTYS 141127 sivu 3 ______

Hyvää iltaa tässä Suomen Gallup Oy:n haastattelija N.N. Ennen EU-kansanäänestystä haastattelimme Teitä %3. Suomen Akatemian äänestystutkimusta varten. Kiitämme Teitä mukanaolosta kansanäänestystutkimuksessa, palaamme nyt asiaan lyhyellä alle kymmenen minuutin haastattelulla. Varmaan muistatte, että sovimme tästä haastattelusta. Voimmeko nyt tehdä muutaman kysymyksen.

kyllä……………………………………………………………………………………….... 100% 1103 1103 ehkä myöhemmin……………………………………………………………………………. 0% 0 ei…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 0% 0 ei ole tehty henkilökohtaista haastattelua……………………………………………………. 0% 0

Ei suostu haastateltavaksi ------Olemme pahoillamme, että häiritsimme Teitä turhaan.

Kiitoksia ja kuulemiin. ------

Ei löydy sopivaa henkilöä ------Olemme pahoillamme, että häiritsimme Teitä turhaan.

Kiitoksia ja kuulemiin. ------

:Viimeisellä viikolla ennen varsinaista äänestyspäivää televisio lähetti keskiviikkona MTV 3:n Kolmannen erän EU:sta ja torstaina A-studion EU-keskustelun. Katselitteko Te MTV:n Kolmatta erää tai A-studion keskustelua?

Katseli molempia…………………………………………………………………………………… 26% 290 1103 Keskiviikkona MTV:tä………………………………………………………………………………. 6% 64 Torstaina A-studiota…………………………………………………………………………………. 7% 78 Ei kumpaakaan………………………………………………………………………………………. 56% 618 Ei osaa sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………….5% 53

(JOS KATSELI)

Ketkä olivat mielestänne parhaat keskustelijat näissä ohjelmissa tai ohjelmassa? Avoin vastaus, mikä? ……………………………………………………………………………. 39% 167 432 Ei osaa sanoa ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 61% 265 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 0% 0 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 0% 0

: Monissa eri yhteyksissä kuultiin poliitikkojen ja muiden tunnettujen henkilöiden ajatuksia Euroopan unionin jäsenyydestä. Onko mielessänne henkilöitä, joiden julkinen esiintyminen oli erityisen vakuuttavaa? Kyllä……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39% 429 1103 Ei ole……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 49% 543 Ei osaa sanoa ………………………………………………………………………………………. 12% 131

Mielessä vakuuttavia henkilöitä Ketkä olivat sellaisia henkilöitä? Vakuuttavat henkilöt, ketkä?………………………………………………………………………… 96% 411 429 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………. 4% 18 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 0% 0 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 0% 0

Kävittekö Te äänestämässä ennakkoon vai varsinaisena äänestyspäivänä vai jätittekö äänestämättä tällä kertaa?

Äänesti ennakkoon……………………………………………………………………………………40% 438 1103 Äänesti äänestyspäivänä (16.10)……………………………………………………………………. 51% 561 Ei äänestänyt………………………………………………………………………………………… 9% 101 Ei vastausta………………………………………………………………………………………….. 0% 3 ______Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______Suomen Gallup Oy 1-NOV-94 EU-KANSANÄÄNESTYS 141127 sivu 4 ______Kävi äänestämässä

ÄÄNESTI>Äänestittekö EU:hun liittymiselle Kyllä vai Ei? Äänestin Kyllä……………………………………………………………………………………….. 59% 590 999 Äänestin Ei……………………………………………………………………………………………38% 378 Jätin tyhjän äänestyslipun……………………………………………………………………………. 0% 2 Ei halua sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3% 29 Ei osaa sanoa …………………………………………………………………………………………0% 0 Ei äänestänyt …………………………………………………………………………………………0% 0

Äänesti puolesta tai vastaan

HELPPOA> Miten helppoa tai vaikeata Teille oli valita, kumpaa puolta äänestitte? Oliko valinta ERITTÄIN HELPPO, MELKO HELPPO, MELKO VAIKEA vai ERITTÄIN VAIKEA? LUETTELE VAIHTOEHDOT 1-4|

Erittäin helppo…………………………………………………………………………………………… 46% 441 968 Melko helppo……………………………………………………………………………………………. 32% 310 Melko vaikea…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15% 146 Erittäin vaikea…………………………………………………………………………………………… 7% 70 Ei osaa sanoa ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 0% 1

MILLOIN PÄÄTTI> Ja missä vaiheessa päätitte kuinka äänestitte? Päätittekö sen vasta äänestyspäivänä, äänestystä edeltäneellä viikolla, noin kuukautta aikaisemmin, joskus kesällä vai oliko kantanne selvä jo kauan sitten?

Äänestyspäivänä …………………………………………………………………………………………7% 63 968 Edeltäneellä viikolla…………………………………………………………………………………….. 16% 152 Kuukautta aikaisemmin…………………………………………………………………………………. 16% 151 Kesällä………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17% 168 Kauan sitten…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45% 431 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………. 0% 3

Äänesti puolesta

Mitkä olivat tärkeimmät syyt, miksi äänestitte EU-jäsenyyden puolesta? Avoin vastaus, mikä? ……………………………………………………………………………….. 97% 573 590 Ei osaa sanoa …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3% 17 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 0% 0 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 0% 0 Äänesti vastaan : Mitkä olivat tärkeimmät syyt, miksi äänestitte EU-jäsenyyttä vastaan? Avoin vastaus, mikä? ………………………………………………………………………………… 96% 363 378 Ei osaa sanoa …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4% 15 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 0% 0 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 0% 0 Ei äänestänyt

Jos kuitenkin olisitte käynyt äänestämässä, kumpi puoli olisi luultavasti saanut äänenne? Kyllä…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41% 41 101 Ei………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36% 36 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………… 24% 24

Miksi ette käynyt äänestämässä? Avoin vastaus, mikä? ……………………………………………………………………………… 96% 97 101 Ei osaa sanoa …………………………………………………………………………………………. 4% 4 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 0% 0 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 0% 0 : Kuinka usein Te keskustelitte kansanäänestyksestä muiden ihmisten kanssa? Keskustelitteko USEIN, HARVOIN, vai TUSKIN OLLENKAAN? Usein ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52% 572 1103 Harvoin ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 39% 432 Tuskin ollenkaan ………………………………………………………………………………………. 9% 95 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………… 0% 4 ______Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______

Suomen Gallup Oy 1-NOV-94 EU-KANSANÄÄNESTYS 141127 Sivu 5 ______

Kun puhuitte eri mieltä olevien henkilöiden kanssa EU-kysymyksestä, niin yritittekö Te vaikuttaa heidän mielipiteisiinsä USEIN, JOSKUS vai ETTE KOSKAAN? Usein…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7% 82 1103 Joskus.....……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25% 279 Ei koskaan……………………………………………………………………………………………… 66% 729 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………… 1% 13 Jos muistellaan tunnelmia ennen kansaäänestystä, niin kuinka tärkeänä itse piditte kumpi puoli voittaa ja kumpi häviää? Oliko se Teille HYVIN TÄRKEÄ ASIA, MELKO TÄRKEÄ ASIA, välitittekö siitä JONKIN VERRAN, VAIN VÄHÄN vai ETTEKÖ OLLENKAAN? Hyvin tärkeä asia……………………………………………………………………………………… 26% 286 1103 Melko tärkeä………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37% 409 Välitti jonkin verran …………………………………………………………………………………. 22% 245 Välitti vähän…………………………………………………………………………………………... 8% 83 Ei ollenkaan…………………………………………………………………………………………... 6% 62 Ei osaa sanoa………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2% 18 Toiko kampanja mielestänne riittävästi esille kahden vaihtoehdon väliset erot? Kampanja toi erot esille………………………………………………………………………………… 46% 510 1103 Erot eivät tulleet esille…………………………………………………………………………………... 46% 506 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………. 8% 87 Suosivatko tiedotusvälineet mielestänne EU-jäsenyyden kannattajia vai sen vastustajia ,vai käsiteltiinkö molempia samanveroisesti? , Kannattajia……………………………………………………………………………………………… 63% 691 1103 Vastustajia………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1% 15 Samanveroisesti………………………………………………………………………………………… 33% 361 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3% 36 Kaiken kaikkiaan oletteko sitä mieltä että Suomen EU-kansanäänestys vietiin läpi oikeudenmukaisesti, vai suosittiinko ehkä liiaksi jäsenyyden kannattajia tai jäsenyyden vastustajia? Oikeudenmukaisesti……………………………………………………………………………………. 66% 732 1103 Suosittiin kannattajia…………………………………………………………………………………… 27% 294 Suosittiin vastustajia……………………………………………………………………………………. 1% 9 Ei osaa sanoa …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6% 68 Kuinka paljon Te yleensä luotatte suomalaisiin poliitikkoihin? Luotatteko heihin HYVIN PALJON, MELKO PALJON, MELKO VÄHÄN vai TUSKIN OLLENKAAN? Hyvin paljon…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2% 17 1103 Melko paljon…………………………………………………………………………………………… 27% 300 Melko vähän……………………………………………………………………………………………. 51% 560 Tuskin ollenkaan………………………………………………………………………………………… 19% 212 Ei osaa sanoa …………………………………………………………………………………………… 1% 1

Olisiko sittenkin ollut parempi, jos hallitus ja eduskunta olisivat päättäneet Suomen EU-jäsenyydestä ilman tätä kansanäänestystä, vai oliko mielestänne oikein järjestää kansanäänestys? Hallituksen ja eduskunnan olisi pitänyt päättää………………………………………………………… 16% 172 1103 Oli oikein järjestää kansanäänestys …………………………………………………………………….. 81% 893 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3% 38 Ja pitääkö poliitikkojen mielestänne noudattaa kansanäänestyksen tulosta vai antaisitteko eduskunnan päättää myös saadun äänestystuloksen vastaisesti? Noudattaa tulosta……………………………………………………………………………………….. 75% 827 110 Eduskunta saa päättää…………………………………………………………………………………... 21% 230 Ei osaa sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4% 46

______Suomen Gallup - Bellview 10 vuotta ______Suomen Gallup Oy 1-NOV-94 EU-KANSANÄÄNESTYS 141127 Sivu 6 ______ Lopuksi vielä puolueita koskeva kysymys. Jos nyt toimitettaisiin eduskuntavaalit, niin mitä puoluetta luultavasti äänestäisitte?

Suomen Keskusta……………………………………………………………………………….. 12% 133 1103 Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue-SDP……………………………………………………. 22% 240 Kansallinen Kokoomus…………………………………………………………………………. 15% 160 Vasemmistoliitto…………………………………………………………………………………. 4% 48 Vihreä Liitto……………………………………………………………………………………… 7% 81 Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue – RKP………………………………………………………………. 3% 33 Suomen Maaseudun Puolue – SMP………………………………………………………………. 0% 4 Suomen Kristillinen Liitto – SKL………………………………………………………………… 2% 20 Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue – LKP………………………………………………………………. 1% 9 Muu, mikä?………………………………………………………………………………………. 5% 51 Ei halua sanoa……………………………………………………………………………………. 4% 46 Ei osaa sanoa…………………………………………………………………………………….. 22% 243 Ei menisi äänestämään…………………………………………………………………………… 3% 35

Haluaisitteko sanoa, jotakin tämän haastattelun tai tämän tutkimuksen johdosta? Kyllä, kommentit………………………………………………………………………………….. 35% 391 1103 Ei kommentoitavaa/ eos……………………………………………………………………………. 65% 712 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 0% 0 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 0% 0

Tässä olivatkin tällä kertaa kaikki kysymyksenasettelut. Jos Suomen Gallup Oy haluaisi vielä joulukuussa haastatella Teitä kerran noin 5-10 minuuttia Suomen turvallisuuspolitiikkaa koskevista mielipiteistä niin suostuisitteko vielä tähän haastatteluun? Kyllä………………………………………………………………………………………………… 89% 977 1103 Ei…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 % 126

HAASTKESTO

+--+--+--+--+ 350 6 1498

------Kiitämme arvokkaasta yhteistyöstä. Minun nimeni on %n ja tämä haastattelu tehtiin Suomen Gallupin haastattelukeskuksesta. Hyvää jatkoa. ------

______Suomen Gallup • Bellview 10 vuotta ______Appendix B

Questionnaire in English

183 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa

FSD1195 Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994

Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/

QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive:

FSD1195 EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994

If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/