March 2018 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Contents
Foreword Events and Case studies: References and 03 07 achievements 21 Helping Great Britain Work Well 51 further reading
HSE Science has hosted a Tackling ill health: These case studies HSE scientists produce over number of important visitors illustrate how our science is contributing to 100 publications a year. We The vital this year. Also, the value of our action to improve health outcomes. are committed to making 04 interface science expertise has been research findings ‘open between recognised by others and staff Keeping pace with change: A selection of case studies access’ – accessible online at HSE science have been presented with which show how our science is being used to anticipate no cost to the user. We ensure and policy various awards and honours. and tackle new health and safety challenges. open access to research papers in peer-reviewed Acting together: A series of case studies which journals and journal-like demonstrate how our science and evidence conference proceedings HSE’s shared Meet the staff is being used to promote broader ownership (provided the publisher 05 research 13 of health and safety in Great Britain. gives this option) describing programme research led by our scientists. We employ over 850 scientists, Managing risk well: Our science is being used to engineers, analysts and simplify risk management and help businesses to medical staff, many hold PhDs grow: the case studies in this section show how. The HSE or Masters level qualifications 06 Science and and Chartered status within Supporting small employers: These case studies Evidence Cycle their professional bodies. demonstrate how we are supporting simple advice in action: This section introduces some for SMEs so they know what they have to do. Hydrogen of our specialist staff. Sharing our success: The case studies in this strategy theme show how our specialists are using science to promote the benefits of Great Britain’s world-class health and safety system.
02 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Foreword
WELCOME TO OUR third Annual for the work that I have taken forward this review we describe some of the Science Review, which this year has with Clive Fleming, our Head of Policy Shared Research now in progress. a focus on our work in the field of Profession in HSE. It is critical that the In addition, the value of our new energy. It complements our new interface between the policymakers approach is demonstrated by the Foresight Review1, which has the same and the scientists, engineers and pipeline of ideas which includes the theme. When our research facility analysts works well, and that evidence handling of metal powder waste from was originally established in 1911 and the uncertainty around it is additive manufacturing, the health by Winston Churchill, its remit was effectively communicated: our and safety opportunities resulting from exclusively based on the health and joint work has helped share best wearable technologies and issues safety risks resulting from a carbon practice around the organisation. around flammable mists from high based economy - specifically coal. flash-point fluids. (Further details can It’s interesting to note that today We can’t develop all of our evidence be found at www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/ our work in the energy sector is needs on our own, and therefore it shared-research-programme.htm). increasingly about understanding is essential that we build effective and effectively managing the risks and long-lasting partnership with Our review provides case studies arising in a de-carbonised economy: other organisations. This year saw the of work we have delivered for both wind turbines, batteries, nuclear, signing of the formal agreement to HSE and external organisations and the development of a hydrogen establish the Thomas Ashton Institute supporting the delivery of the Helping gas grid. I’m particularly proud of for Risk and Regulatory Research Great Britain Work Well4 strategy. our work on the hydrogen economy between ourselves and the University None of this work would be possible where we anticipated the need to of Manchester3. Work is already without our science, engineering understand this area in more detail being delivered which draws on our and evidence experts. Their outputs, over 12 years ago. This has enabled combined knowledge and experience their knowledge and their impact us to remain at the cutting edge of to deliver research, teaching and on the global scale is evidenced this topic, providing practical advice regulatory insights to address by the record of achievements and in advance of the use of hydrogen- complex interdisciplinary problems. accolades highlighted in the review. based technologies to enable their Their knowledge is not only being healthy and safe deployment. We also Last year, we introduced the idea of used to help Great Britain work demonstrate how this work exemplifies ‘Shared Research’, where our intention well, but increasingly through our the science and evidence cycle within was to open up themes within our international work, they are enabling our Science and Evidence Strategy2. Science Hub programmes where other a healthier and safer working world. bodies could work with us to fund Evidence and how it is applied to and develop solutions to problems Professor Andrew Curran underpin our regulatory and policy shared by HSE (as the regulator) Chief Scientific Adviser and interventions has been a key driver and industry. I am pleased that in Director of Research
03 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
The vital interface between HSE science and policy
THIS ANNUAL SCIENCE Review showcases The challenge is to ensure we understand how best to influence duty the high quality of science, evidence bring these components together holder behaviors in the changing and analysis that underpins HSE’s to best effect to respond to new world of work; to inform possible risk-based regulatory regime. To be risk management and regulatory legislative changes to allow different an effective regulator, HSE has to issues with effective, innovative modes of safe gas transmission; to balance its approaches to informing, and proportionate approaches. change administrative processes for directing, advising, and enforcing Appointed Doctors; and to support our through a variety of activities. For Many of the articles in this Review position as a model modern regulator this we need capacity to advance relate to new and emerging by further focusing our inspection knowledge; to develop and use robust technologies and the changing activity where it matters most. evidence and analysis; to challenge world of work, and it is important to thinking; and to review effectiveness. understand the risks these may pose We work well together and and how they can be effectively it is important we maintain In simple terms, policy provides the controlled, or how they themselves this engagement as a route map to tackling issues. HSE is can contribute to improved health conscious collaboration. particularly well placed in terms of and safety in the workplace. Good the three components of effective policy development can support Clive Fleming policy - “politics”, “evidence” and approaches to change that are Head of HSE Policy Profession “delivery”. Unlike most regulators and proportionate, relevant, persuasive, arms-length bodies, HSE leads on and effective. For example, work policy development, which draws described in these pages is: to help directly on front line delivery expertise understand changing workplace and intelligence; and we are also exposures; to provide robust evidence unusual in having our own world class to those negotiating alternatives to science and insight capabilities. unduly prescriptive standards; to
04 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
HSE’s Shared Research programme
MANY OF THE research questions that Shared Research sponsors act as However, there is a need to understand This Shared Research programme HSE needs to answer address issues our partners: providing their insights; the long-term integrity of composite was developed through consultative that are equally important for industry helping to scope and shape the focus repairs and their performance under workshops with stakeholders from and other regulators both nationally of the research activity; and gaining conditions such as fire impingement. offshore and onshore industry as well and internationally. This means that ongoing access to emerging findings. as installers of composite repairs. we do not always have to act alone Ultimately the aim is to generate These workshops agreed the key to identify and take forward the key knowledge to better manage scientific and engineering research research questions. In addition, we health and safety challenges. questions - both technological, such as believe that the impacts on health and experimental mechanical engineering safety of our research will be increased We will be further developing this and fire research needs, and human if we have worked in partnership to approach in the coming year and and organisational performance. develop the key research questions. opening up new Shared Research Therefore, we have developed a opportunities. For more details A key aim is to develop agreed good new model which enables others to see www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/ practice for use of engineered composite invest in solving these problems with shared-research-programme.htm repairs for safety-related equipment us. This ‘Shared Research’ approach in order to support improvements in is enabling us to work with others safe, reliable and efficient operations. to develop and sponsor significant Integrity of Engineered Carlos Sanchez, a member of the programmes of work that are led by Composite Repairs research team (pictured) says, ‘It is a our researchers. For example, we have privilege to work with world leading Shared Research Programmes on: Composite materials, ‘composites’ companies on key industrial challenges. combine component materials with It is rewarding to know that the work we ›› the integrity of engineered different properties. Composites can are doing will inform decision making composite repairs (see deliver significant improvements over to enable the reliable and safe use details opposite); traditional materials in properties of new composite technologies.’ ›› improving public safety when using such as strength, weight, and cost. escalators by studying human Examples are glass fibre or carbon behaviour and coordination in fibre reinforced epoxy. Composite HSE’s Shared Research project sponsors combination with design features; repairs are increasingly used on ›› evaluating the effectiveness offshore oil rigs and onshore chemical The Integrity of Engineered Composite Repairs project has 11 industry of slip resistant footwear to plant, for instance composite wrap sponsors: Shell UK, National Grid, Conoco Phillips, Sellafield, TAQA, SGN, protect healthcare workers. repairs to offshore pipework. These Nexen, EDF Energy, Total, Marathon Oil, Centrica. Additionally, the project repairs offer the benefit of significant has in-kind support from Belzona, Clock Spring, Henkel, ICR Integrity, IMG reductions in associated downtime. Composites, Metalyte Pipeworks Ltd, Neptune Research and Team Furmanite.
05 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
The HSE science and evidence cycle in action2: Enabling the ‘hydrogen economy’ for effective use of renewable energy sources
We catalyse engagement by others We anticipate new challenges through We catalyse engagement We anticipate new and improve performance by others and improve challenges through foresight foresight and synthesis of existing evidence: performance and synthesis of Significant engagement by scientists with existing evidence Through collaborative research and stakeholders eg: evidence synthesis our scientists have ›› Support to IGEM (Institution of Gas actively shared and shaped new knowledge Engineers and Managers) committees into UK and international standards on decarbonising, reutilising and feeding We protect workers and safeguard the public We provide evidence to hydrogen into the UK gas grid. ensure risks resulting We provide evidence to ensure risks from from work activities ›› Adviser to the ‘Professional Engineering Group are effectively controlled work activities are effectively controlled on Hydrogen’ comprising the Institutions of ›› HSE scientists use unique experimental facilities Mechanical, Chemical and Electrical Engineers, and expertise, working closely with industry We underpin operational IGEM and a representative from BEIS (Department and policy activities and other research institutes, to produce for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy). evidence for new and developing hydrogen ›› Advisory role to Engineering and Physical technologies. They have authored or co- Sciences Research Council’s Hydrogen authored over 60 peer reviewed journal and and Fuel Cells ‘Supergen’ project. conference papers on hydrogen safety. ›› Strategic partner in the International Association ›› Breakthrough project to understand complex of Hydrogen Safety and founding member behaviour of liquid hydrogen spills interacting of the HySafe Network of Evidence shaping ›› Bespoke training for commercial organisations, with condensed phase air/oxygen. thinking around hydrogen safety. Subtask academia and international summer school ›› Lead international effort through HYSAFE to leader in the International Energy Agency’s activities. understand spontaneous ignition of hydrogen – Hydrogen Safety Task Group. Members of an unexplained phenomena for many years. International Standards Committees. We underpin policy and operational activities ›› Key roles in major international projects on HSE scientists engage with our policymakers permitting guidance for small stationary We protect workers and safeguard the public and inspectors to ensure that regulatory applications; refuelling stations; indoor refuelling ›› Advice to industry to introduce hydrogen decisions on enabling the safe development of forklift trucks; packaged refuelling etc. vehicle refuelling stations – eg Advanced of the hydrogen economy are informed by Manufacturing Centre, Sheffield and best available evidence. For instance: Transport for London Buses, Lea Green. ›› Played a key role in developing national Further Information ›› Leading role in OFGEM ‘HYDEPLOY‘ project. and international safety standards for See case study on page 22. hydrogen vehicle refuelling stations. See case study on page 22 and on p19 of ›› Key review on ‘Injecting hydrogen into the ›› Produced influential position paper the 2016 Science Review5. Examples of our gas network’. on hazards of liquid hydrogen. scientific publications are references6–13. ›› Partner in OFGEM-funded ‘H21 Leeds City Gate’ Additionally, HSE scientists are supporting the BEIS project. Heat Strategy and the Office of Low Emission Vehicles.
06 / 63 Events and achievements HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Events and Achievements
Visitors Events
HSE Science has hosted a number of important visitors and events in 2017:
›› Early in the year, health and safety ›› The Chief Executive and managers from the HS2 project Directors of INERIS (France’s national visited HSE’s laboratory at Buxton competence centre for industrial for a day of talks and tours that safety and environmental protection) demonstrated the laboratory’s breadth visited HSE’s Buxton laboratory of expertise in health and safety in in April. HSE and INERIS signed a the construction and rail industries. Memorandum of Understanding on scientific collaboration between our ›› Dr Kazunobu Kojima, from the organisations which will focus on World Health Organization’s health science, knowledge sharing, and emergency and preparedness staff training and development. programme, visited Buxton to meet with HSE’s microbiology specialist inspectors and microbiology team. Karen Bufton, David Fishwick, Martin Temple CBE and Dame Judith Hackitt He was particularly interested in HSE’s guidance on management, design ›› In April, HSE’s Chief Medical various government departments, and operation of microbiological Adviser, David Fishwick, joined Karen including the Ministry of Defence, the containment laboratories, and Bufton (President of BOHS), Martin Defence, Science and Technology thoughts on a new strategy for the Temple CBE (Chair of HSE), and Laboratory (DSTL), HM Treasury and WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual. Dame Judith Hackitt (Chair of EEF) HM Revenues & Customs, attended to launch the next phase of the British the event. The team also delivered a Occupational Hygiene Society (BOHS) series of workshops on behalf of the ‘Breathe freely campaign’ aimed at ‘Civil Service Live’ event to help teams the prevention of occupational lung and departments anticipate and disease in the manufacturing sector. keep pace with future challenges.
›› HSE’s Foresight Team hosted the The HSE Foresight Team’s Stephen cross-government Community of Kinghorn-Perry attended all of HSE’s Practice for Knowledge Management Helping Great Britain Work Well summer conference. Knowledge (HGBWW)4 events. He spoke about management specialists from the future world of work focusing on
08 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
›› The Thomas Ashton Institute for Risk and Regulatory Research3, a collaborative partnership between HSE and The University of Manchester was formally launched in November by Dame Nancy Rothwell (President and Vice Chancellor of the University) and Richard Judge (HSE Chief Executive). It will act as a hub for risk and regulatory excellence, for health and safety practitioners globally, through its educational activities and acting as an authoritative source of health and safety knowledge and expertise. It builds on existing collaborative work, such as a joint project for Cabinet Stephen Kinghorn-Perry speaking Office to understand and increase at an HSE HGBWW event citizen behaviour change through government initiatives such new the trends and drivers, demographics pension and welfare processes. and new technologies that could impact on the workplace of the future. The Institute aims to take the lessons learned from four decades of ›› PEROSH, The Partnership for incident investigations and research European Research in Occupational and make them accessible to Health and Safety Biennial Research industry, helping new technologies Top row left to right: Luke Georghiou (Deputy President & Deputy Vice-Chancellor), Exchange Event was held in Germany. and industries to fruition safely Andrew Curran (HSE Chief Scientific Adviser and co-director of Thomas Ashton institute), Three sessions on respiratory health and more quickly by addressing Neil K Bourne (co-director of Thomas Ashton institute), Martin Schröder (Vice-President and on musculoskeletal disorders safety, health and regulatory and Dean). Bottom row left to right: Dame Nancy Rothwell (President and Vice- were chaired by the HSE deputy barriers before they emerge. Chancellor of the University of Manchester) and Richard Judge (HSE Chief Executive) Chief Medical Adviser, the HSE Hub Lead for ‘The Right Evidence for the Future’ and the HSE Head of Science Impact and Quality. For highlights of the event see14.
09 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
›› HSE’s Workplace Healthy Lungs Awards, honours and achievements Summit 2017 was held in London in November. Workplace lung The value of our scientific expertise has been recognised by others who have disease is one of the key topics in presented staff with various awards and honours. HSE’s Health and Work Strategy16. The Summit described what industry and stakeholders can do to tackle workplace lung disease, what HSE is doing about it, and what science and evidence can tell us. Delegates included: employers, health and safety professionals, occupational health advisors and consultants, trade and sector bodies, unions, HSE nurse Lisa Bradshaw demonstrates academics and professionals spirometry at the Go Home Healthy event working on workplace lung disease and manufacturers of respiratory ›› HSE scientists together with the risk solutions and services. Key Chief Medical Adviser and Chief industry sectors were represented. John Cocker Scientific Adviser participated in the launch of HSE’s Go Home Healthy ›› HSE fellow John Cocker has been Campaign15 in November. Our awarded the 2017 Herbert E Stokinger Kate Jones scientists engaged with delegates from award by the American Conference industry, unions, occupational health of Governmental Industrial Hygienist ›› The BOHS Trevor Ogden Award providers and other stakeholders, for his ‘significant contribution in (named after an eminent HSE to show how HSE science is helping the broad field of industrial and colleague) honours exceptional workers to Go Home Healthy‑. environmental toxicology’. voluntary contribution to the Society. The 2017 award was presented to ›› Specialist Inspector Robert Kate Jones, biological monitoring HSE’s Deputy Chief Medical Adviser Williams has been named as specialist, in recognition of the Chris Barber speaking at the HSE’s Young Occupational Hygienist key role she plays as Chair of the Workplace Healthy Lungs Summit of the Year by the BOHS. BOHS Conference Committee.
10 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
›› David Fishwick, Penny Barker, ›› HSE’s Statistics and Epidemiology Vibration Exposure Evaluation19 has David Fox, Steve Naylor and Alison Team was shortlisted for the Royal been selected by Springer-Nature for Codling, occupational health Statistical Society’s ‘Excellence in their ‘Change the World’ collection specialists, have been awarded Official Statistics’ award (see page 31). of ‘ground-breaking scientific the Esso Prize for their 2016 paper in findings that could help humanity’. Occupational Medicine on Health ›› The paper by Paul Pitts, noise Surveillance for Occupational and vibration specialist, and Paul ›› Julie Bell, human factors specialist, Asthma in the UK17. (See case study Brereton, specialist inspector, on has been made a Fellow of the on page 26 of 2016 Review5) The Development and Use of Tools Chartered Institute of Ergonomics to Support Workplace Hand-Arm and Human Factors, CIEHF. ›› HSE’s Statutory and Commercial Land Use Planning Team was short-listed in the ‘Stakeholder Engagement in Planning’ category of The Planning Awards 2017. The team was recognised for its development of HSE’s online Land-Use Planning Zoe Chaplin Tool and accompanying Pre- application Consultancy Service. ›› Zoe Chaplin, risk assessment specialist, won the poster prize at ›› Laurence Cusco, chemical the Hazards 27 conference for her engineering expert, chaired the annual work on ‘Modelling flammable IChemE ‘Hazards 27 conference’ having chemical major hazards using been elected chair for a 3-year term. DRIFT3 dispersion model18’.
›› Stuart Hawksworth, Head of HSE’s Centre for Energy and Major Hazards, has received an Appreciation Award from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme, ‘In recognition of your valuable technical contributions to the success of IEA hydrogen task 37 safety holder Laurence Cusco workshop’ hosted at HSE Buxton. Paul Pitts (left) and Paul Brereton
11 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
›› Jackie Morton, biological ›› Ju Lynne Saw, process safety ›› The Energy and Major Hazards monitoring specialist, has specialist, has been invited team has been short listed for been made a Fellow of the by IChemE to join the editorial the Safety Category in the 2017 Royal Society of Chemistry. board of the Process Safety and Energy Institute Awards for their Environmental Protection journal, Energy Technologies Institute ›› HSE’s Chief Medical Adviser, representing the topic area of incident High Hydrogen project, looking David Fishwick, has been made investigations and case histories. at safe use of hydrogen rich fuels Honorary Professor in Population in gas turbines and engines. Health, Health Services Research ›› Nicola Stacey, foresight and Primary Care within the specialist, has been invited to ›› Jonathan Buston, Hazardous University of Manchester. join the editorial board of the Materials Specialist, and Mike Safety and Reliability journal Wardman, Risk Assessment and ›› Peter Baldwin, occupational Process Safety, have been awarded hygiene practitioner, has been ›› Phoebe Smith, a psychologist a certificate by the editor in chief of elected Chair of the Workplace Health and human factors specialist, the Journal of Loss Prevention in the Without Borders charity in the UK. has been awarded an Honorary Process Industries, for their co-authored Professorship by Sheffield Hallam 2013 paper with Bologna University on ›› Liz Leese (see page 17) has been University in recognition of joint a systematic HAZID tool for atypical awarded a PhD from Sheffield Hallam work in patient safety training major hazards scenarios20 - one of the University. Her examiners noted that Liz for healthcare professionals. journal’s 5th most highly cited papers had 5 peer reviewed published papers in subsequent years (see page 34). which they considered ‘outstanding’. Phoebe Smith
12 / 63 Meet the staff HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Meet the staff
Jim Stancliffe Jonathan Buston chemist
JIM IS CURRENTLY JONATHAN IS A member of the on electrical storage, which helps to acting head of the Hazardous Materials and Explosives keep him up to date with research Energy Division’s Team at HSE’s Buxton laboratory he developments, the scale of energy Governance, Strategy leads our battery safety research storage deployment within the UK and Divisional work. He is a Chartered Chemist and and to understand the challenges Support Unit. After joined HSE in 2010 to carry out reactive facing the industry (see page 24). postgraduate research chemistry and risk assessment work. He works closely with European Union in atmospheric physics, He was previously a chemist for a colleagues and was on the Institute he joined HSE 20 years commercial research company. of Engineering and Technology ago as a scientist committee that developed the current to carry out aerosol Batteries are all around us in energy energy storage code of practice. monitoring research. storage installations, electric vehicles, He worked closely phones, tablets and laptops. Under He enjoys his job, as he says, “I with HSE inspectors normal working conditions these get to destroy batteries!” and and took up the opportunity to In his current role Jim worked closely batteries are stable. However, if his children are impressed with train as an inspector subsequently with HSE scientists on the carbon subjected to some form of abnormal his tablet destroying skills. working in the services, engineering capture and storage portfolio (see abuse such as an impact, falling and construction sectors. page 28). His scientific background from a height, extreme environment enabled him to work directly with the changes or overcharging, these He then moved to major hazards work scientists and engineers, developing devices may be rendered unstable, joining the gas and pipelines unit in a good working relationship, and can change rapidly and, in the worst an operational policy role where he mutual understanding, essential cases, vent violently with flame. took responsibility for re-writing part of for getting the evidential outcome HSE’s onshore pipeline risk reduction that HSE needed to make sound, Jonathan designed and operates strategy. This involved commissioning defensible policy decisions. HSE’s bespoke battery testing facility science and engineering research at our Buxton laboratory. In the battery and analysing and evaluating the Jim says, ‘My science background abuse testing facility lithium ion cells evidence to help formulate policy. has enabled me to move around HSE and modules are taken outside their and experience different facets of normal operating conditions to enable Jim says that throughout his career HSE’s work. What I really enjoy about us to understand the consequences. his scientific background has helped working in Energy Division is the in his ability to analyse and evaluate constantly changing technological Interaction with a wide range of cross- evidence and develop regulatory and policy landscape and the government and industry stakeholders and policy options that preserve HSE’s challenges and opportunities that is an important part of Jonathan’s reputation for regulatory excellence. creates for me, my team and HSE’. job. He is the primary point of contact
14 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Meet the staff
Ruth Wiggins Jim Stewart Physician Computational Fluid Dynamicist
RUTH JOINED HSE in February 2014. JIM JOINED THE Fluid Dynamics Team Jim’s recent work includes CFD modelling Her background is in respiratory at HSE’s Buxton laboratory in 2015. of fires in mechanically-ventilated medicine, and after graduating Before joining HSE, Jim worked as a compartments, aimed at improving from the University of Edinburgh Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) understanding of complex fire behaviour medical school in 2008 she spent consultant in London. He has a degree for scenarios relevant to fire safety in five years working as a junior in Mathematics from the University nuclear power plants. He presented the doctor in Greater Manchester. of Leeds and an MSc in Theoretical work at an international conference21. and Applied Fluid Dynamics from Jim has been involved in assessing Ruth splits her time between the University of Manchester. the capabilities and performance research in HSE’s Centre for of models for simulating vented Workplace Health and seeing Jim’s role at HSE involves the hydrogen deflagrations (a type of patients in clinic at the Northern provision of mathematical modelling explosion) in collaboration with other General Hospital in Sheffield. Her expertise for a range of projects. institutions which has resulted in a research has taken her all over His work feeds into HSE incident number of publications22. Currently, Great Britain collecting respiratory investigation work on Major Jim is working on developing an symptom and lung function data She has presented her research Hazard installations, and scientific outflow model for HSE use in risk from volunteer woodworkers, foundry at international meetings and is research and support for HSE, other assessments and reviewing hazardous workers, and laboratory workers (see currently involved in updating the new regulators and industry. Jim is also substance consent applications. These page 40). At hospital she regularly national guidelines on occupational responsible for mathematical model projects highlight the variety of the work treats patients with occupational asthma. Ruth has recently been development and model reviews. undertaken in HSE’s Fluid Dynamics Team. respiratory conditions including elected to the British Thoracic occupational asthma, silicosis, Society Specialist Advisory Group. Jim says, ‘I enjoy asbestos-related lung disease, extrinsic the diverse nature allergic alveolitis, and lung cancer. Ruth says, ‘Working for HSE has shown of the work I do. me the importance of protecting One piece of work Whilst working for HSE Ruth has all aspects of health at work, and can contribute undertaken a PhD, which focusses on the vital role clinical staff have in to understanding identifying and reducing risk factors doing that. I am very lucky to work issues affecting for occupational asthma and has with a fantastic team of doctors, safety at work; had opportunities to collaborate nurses, occupational health another can lead to with research institutes such as the scientists, hygienists, statisticians, and the publication of National Lung Institute at the Royal psychologists from across HSE and scientific research. Brompton Hospital and with the beyond. I am proud to contribute Every project presents National Centre for Research and to research that protects respiratory a different challenge’ Working Environment in Copenhagen. health at work, now and in the future’.
15 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Meet the staff
Anton Gordon / Trystan Lang Interactive media specialist / Multi-media editor
ANTON AND TRYSTAN ARE members what can be technically complicated of the Advanced Imaging Solutions cases. The type of data that Trystan (AIS) team at HSE’s Buxton laboratory. gathers from incident scenes include CCTV images, other video evidence, Anton joined HSE in 2009 straight photographic images and laser from university where he completed scans which can be used to produce his degree in Design and Visual Arts. a 3D image of an incident site. His current work involves graphic design, video-editing, virtual reality Trystan, Anton and the team have (VR) and editing 3D animations. access to state of the art technology including high-speed and thermal Much of Anton’s time at HSE has been cameras. These are currently used spent on developing interactive 3D to capture images as part of HSE’s packages in support of our incident research on propane releases, ethanol investigation work using data pool fires and in some of our work for generated by colleagues (including industry, including manufacturers, Trystan) and manufacturers. Anton on fires in the aircraft industry. has supported major incident investigations such as the Buncefield Trystan’s work is very varied and fire and Gleision Colliery mining can take him to any part of GB at a fatalities. He is also responsible moment’s notice, he comments ‘As for developing resources and Trystan Lang (left) and Anton Gordon (right) the job is very reactive, when you materials for HSE’s training courses arrive at the start of the day you never (www.hsl.gov.uk/training.aspx). with realistic workplace conditions Drawing on his university degree know where you will be by the end. in advance of a first visit offshore. training in digital film and 3D You could still be right at your desk, The use of VR as a tool for delivering animation, Trystan’s major role is in on the wider laboratory site or at regulatory inspector training has been Anton says ‘It’s great being able to call the collection of data that is used to an incident anywhere across GB’. explored by Anton and colleagues upon the latest multimedia technologies produce 3D animations for regulatory in the AIS team over the last year. and use them to help make complex inspectors to use in court following For HSE 3D graphics of the Smiler Anton is currently evaluating the topics more understandable’. incidents including fatalities. These ride, see https://www.youtube. technical aspects of an offshore animations are very often a key com/watch?v=KPFjJxqYJ3I training package for operational Trystan has worked in HSE since 2013. Prior part of the evidence at inquest colleagues in HSE’s Energy Division; this to HSE he was responsible for camera or prosecution and the use of this uses VR headsets to allow trainees to operation, vision mixing and directing technology has allowed courts to experience and familiarise themselves at an independent television channel. more easily understand the facts in
16 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Meet the staff
Liz Leese Ian Burley Analytical scientist Specialist electrical engineer
LIZ IS PART OF THE Biological Monitoring Liz has just completed her PhD, IAN JOINED HSE in 1998 as a specialist Team at HSE’s Buxton laboratory. which focused on the development electrical engineer following a She joined HSE in October 2005 after of new analytical techniques for career in electrical power systems completing a forensic science degree. elements and metals of carcinogenic control and protection with an She specialises in the determination of occupational concern (such as equipment manufacturer and trace elements and metals in a variety arsenic, chromium and silica). latterly with National Grid of biological samples to help monitor and control occupational exposure to Liz’s current research projects For HSE, Ian has applied his knowledge chemical substances in the workplace. are varied - one project involves and experience to a range of work investigating a worker’s exhaled places ranging from maggot farms breath (in the form of a liquid and the Olympic Stadium to the condensate (water) sample) to Houses of Parliament. He has also determine workplace exposure been involved in several of HSE’s to respirable crystalline silica. This high profile cases including the exposure is associated with lung recent ‘Hague’ case that resulted disease and biological monitoring is in a Court of Appeal judgement currently unavailable. Liz is developing which affirmed and cemented the a new and challenging analytical legal powers of HSE’s inspectors. method to detect possible particles of crystalline silica in breath samples. Ian is based in Leeds and is HSE’s Ian’s career in HSE has exposed him Liz has presented this research at lead specialist inspector on electrical to the work of standards committees, several national and international energy issues. This includes renewable in particular those for distribution conferences and published her energy and electrical energy storage. equipment and electrical energy findings in the scientific literature. He is also the lead inspector contact storage. Ian says, ‘The energy storage for electrical safety issues with the market is a rapidly developing Liz says, ‘The variety of work and Energy Networks Association, the trade area. Storage, in the many different projects with novel research makes body for the electricity distribution and forms proposed, can provide my work at HSE interesting and transmission industry, with whom Ian considerable flexibility and security enjoyable as is knowing how important has collaborated on the development for electricity supply to consumers. biological monitoring is and my of a seminar on ‘Asset Management Safety is a critical aspect of all contribution in helping to reduce Safety’ for 100 employees from these changes and one which has the risk of ill health to workers’. across the energy industry. to embrace new working practice risks and find sensible solutions to deliver efficiency for consumers’.
17 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Meet the staff
Charlotte Aitchison Nikki Bell Regulatory scientist Occupational psychologist
CHARLOTTE JOINED HSE 2 years ago legislation. As part of the UK competent NIKKI IS A CHARTERED occupational as a regulatory scientist in HSE’s authority for biocides, Charlotte psychologist and technical team Chemicals Regulation Division. contributes to UK authorisation dossiers lead for work psychologists at HSE’s She conducts environmental fate, for biocidal active substances and Buxton laboratory. Before joining HSE exposure and risk assessments of products from an environmental in 2008, she worked for the Ministry chemicals so that HSE can meet fate and behaviour perspective. of Defence and was involved in its obligations under EU and UK occupational health and employee Before joining HSE, Charlotte worked in motivation research projects. HM Courts and Tribunals Service and although she enjoyed her work in this Since joining HSE, Nikki has led part of the civil service, she was keen to research projects covering a broad use and expand her existing scientific range of industries. Her main areas Whilst most of her work focusses on knowledge and joined HSE as an of work are behaviour change, health and safety improvements, opportunity ‘to get back into science’. safety culture, leadership and Nikki is also applying her expertise worker engagement. Her research in behaviour change to wider As part of her professional projects have provided an evidence- government matters. Through the development Charlotte is undertaking based understanding of the factors Thomas Ashton Institute of Risk and a part time Master’s degree. A influencing health and safety practices Regulatory Research in collaboration module with significant relevance and behaviours. For example, the with the University of Manchester, to her current role is chemical risk factors influencing dutyholders’ Nikki recently completed a project assessment, which has helped her to decisions about noise controls and looking at mitigating behavioural develop knowledge in the scientific assessing workplace respiratory risks during transformation. Nikki principles behind hazard and risk protective equipment programmes. disseminated the findings at cross- assessments. This has allowed her Nikki led the development and government transformation events to get a better understanding of the evaluation of the Leadership and and is collaborating with different work she conducts every day in a Worker Involvement Toolkit hosted on government departments as they practical environment. Charlotte HSE’s Website23 – this is designed to help use the key output from this work says, ‘I am fortunate to have the small and medium-sized construction - a tool to proactively identify and support of my team and HSE enabling enterprises learn how to improve their mitigate behavioural risks. me to both successfully complete health and safety performance. my Master’s degree as well as Nikki says, ‘I enjoy the diverse and continue to develop as a member Nikki also works with companies multidisciplinary nature of my of the Environmental Fate Team’. to improve health and safety work and feel proud that I have performance with a focus on helped to make a difference culture change (see page 35) to peoples’ working lives’.
18 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Meet the staff
Dane Woolford Sam Hall Mechanical engineer Physicist
DANE HAS WORKED PRIOR TO COMING to in the mechanical HSE, Sam was a physics engineering team at teacher in a secondary HSE’s Buxton laboratory school. After 3 years of for 5 years. Before teaching, Sam realised joining HSE he worked it was not the career for as a contract joiner her and she joined HSE in the maintenance in 2014 as a member of operative team at the Measurement and the laboratory. His Control Team at HSE’s current engineering Buxton laboratory. role involves assisting in investigations where Sam’s role within the his work ranges from team is to undertake examining small tools research on the assessment and on assessing the effectiveness of like bottle jacks to control of inhalation and dermal PPE ensembles when assessing heavy plant vehicles exposures to chemical and biological patients with suspected highly and roller-coasters. hazards in both traditional and infectious diseases (see page 37). Dane has always new and emerging technologies. been interested in how machines and release applicant and has recently The work involves investigating and Sam has no regrets at all about components within a machine should started a Higher National Diploma evaluating the control measures her career change. She loves the work, and whilst working within HSE his (HND) to increase his knowledge of used to protect workers from variety, challenges and opportunities interests have grown to include why mathematics, mechanical principles exposures in different work scenarios, the work at HSE brings, especially they have failed. He is interested in why and computer-aided design. With including laboratory-based research the fact that the work is not done in and how engineering principles have his increased knowledge and and worksite-based studies. isolation but in close collaboration an impact on the everyday objects we experience Dane is now managing with industry, and that the industry use and how engineering can have a some investigation work and Sam’s recent work has included the base is broad and varied and not just huge impact on keeping us safe and associated reporting, including assessment of exposure to metal limited to one particular sector. But healthy whilst using these objects. incidents involving scaffolding and powders in additive manufacturing Sam has not completely forgotten uncontrolled loads falling from height. (see page 26). Her work in this new her previous occupation and plays Dane has been keen to expand technological area has also included an active role in encouraging young on his professional development Dane says he is determined exposure risks to polymer-based people into science as a career whilst in HSE. He has completed a to work hard to progress his materials when using desk-top 3D through the STEM Ambassadors National Diploma in engineering career through the educational printers. Sam has also been involved Programme (www.stem.org. at Stockport College as a day opportunities that HSE can provide. in collaborative work with the NHS uk/stem-ambassadors).
19 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Meet the staff
The Explosive Atmospheres Team Helping industry innovate safely
THE EXPLOSIVES ATMOSPHERES Team Explosive Atmospheres can trace its provenance back to Team from left to right: the very earliest years of the Safety in (back) Paul Holbrow, Phil Mines Research Board, the precursor Hooker, Louise O’Sullivan; to HSE’s present day Buxton laboratory. (middle) Darrell Bennett, Many of GB’s major industrial accidents Edwina de Lewandowicz, have involved explosions due to the Rhiannon Williams; (front) ignition of an explosive atmosphere David Hedley, Jonathan and it is important, therefore, to Hall, Wayne Rattigan understand the factors leading to explosions and what practical means using the supply, and can be applied to prevent or mitigate how the potential fire and against them. Thankfully, incident explosion hazards might be investigation now forms only a changed both in the domestic fraction of the team’s workload, setting and the wider industrial though terrible recent incidents such network (See Hydeploy on page 22). as the four fatalities at Bosley Mill wood treatment factory (2015) and two Understanding how adding hydrogen fatalities in a spraying booth at Harford into the gas supply to gas turbines for Attachments (2015) demonstrate the power generation might introduce continuing need for the skills and additional safety requirements. expertise of this team in understanding the causes of such explosions. Closing the knowledge gaps on the potential hazards associated Some 60-70 % of the team’s work is done with the use of liquid hydrogen for, or in collaboration with, industry. In Work is both experimental and The team are actively engaged on in the energy sector. the words of Phil Hooker, the team lead, consultancy based and can several pieces of work associated they see their role now as ‘‘helping involve one industrial customer, for with enabling the hydrogen economy The team also represent HSE on industry innovate safely’’. The ten team example testing the effectiveness and de-carbonising heat energy UK and European Standards members come from different scientific of flange guards at avoiding the usage in the UK, including: Committees related to the disciplines, including chemists and formation of flammable mists in the Dangerous Substances and Explosive mechanical, electronics and chemical event of high pressure liquid leaks, Understanding how to put hydrogen Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR engineers. Some hold higher degrees through to large scale experimental safely into the UK gas system, the effect see page 33), such as test methods and all bring a wide range of skills, work with energy sector consortia this could have on components within for flammability characteristics expertise and experience to the team. on the hydrogen economy. the supply system and the appliances of gases, vapours and dusts.
20 / 63 Case studies
Keeping Acting Managing Supporting Tackling Sharing our pace with together risk well small ill health success change employers HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Keeping pace with change
Supporting the safe introduction of blended hydrogen in the National Gas grid
THE UK GOVERNMENT has committed the new health and safety challenges Before any changes can be made to to reducing carbon dioxide emissions of this technology. The objective of existing Regulations that govern duties What were the benefits? that contribute to climate change. HyDeploy is to demonstrate that on the safe conveyance of gas, policy Hydrogen is a “vector” that can be natural gas containing significant development by HSE needs scientific The first stage of the project used to store energy produced in levels of hydrogen can be distributed assurance that changes in source provided robust evidence to low carbon ways. One option for and utilised safely and efficiently of supply will not reduce standards the Office of Gas and Electricity transporting hydrogen to energy in a representative section of the of safety. HSE scientists therefore Markets (OFGEM) to enable the users is to use the existing UK gas grid UK network (at Keele University). have a key role in establishing a project to progress. The project as its use for natural gas declines. As This is the first time hydrogen has scientific evidence base to support will provide comprehensive data part of the HyDeploy Consortium HSE been injected into the UK live gas the safety case for carrying out the for all stakeholders planning scientists are anticipating and tackling distribution system. live trial. Work is being done on: to deliver or utilise hydrogen / appliance safety and performance; natural gas blends using the engineering materials; gas analysis gas grid to do so safely. and detection; changes in leakage, fire and explosion behaviour. ‘This is an extremely exciting time for the energy industry’, said Martin In addition, HSE scientists have Alderson, Asset Management provided input to the design of the Director for Northern Gas hydrogen injection system, and helped Distribution Networks. ‘We believe the site hosts and gas distribution this project will prove blended networks to evaluate their procedures hydrogen gas can be distributed to ensure safety during the trial. Our and used safely and efficiently analysts are examining the potential in the existing gas network, an financial impacts that may follow essential pre-requisite for the wider from a change in the Regulations. deployment of clean, cost-effective hydrogen in the UK gas grid.”
For more information about HyDeploy see Gas NIC submission: National Grid Gas Distribution – HyDeploy24.
External funding source Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (OFGEM)
22 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Keeping pace with change
Ensuring that siting of liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities is informed by robust scientific models
What were the benefits?
The updated LNG Model Evaluation Protocol (MEP) and accompanying validation database helps to ensure that LNG vapour dispersion models are evaluated using robust data. The work assists PHMSA, the US regulator, in verifying that hazard assessments for LNG siting studies are based on robust scientific evidence.
For further details see Review of IN THE USA, as part of the permissioning HSE specialists produced the original This work is just one element of recent LNG research at HSL and process for siting of LNG facilities, the version of the LNG MEP under contract a wider programme of research possible future R&D topics25, regulator, US Pipelines and Hazardous to the US Fire Protection Research on LNG hazards, anticipating the research reports Evaluating Materials Safety Administration Foundation. PHMSA commissioned and tackling the new health and vapor dispersion models for (PHMSA), requires the dutyholder to HSE specialists to update the LNG safety challenges that come with safety analysis of LNG facilities26 assess the hazards posed by various MEP and its database to provide technological change, which has and Guide to the LNG model accident scenarios involving spills more comprehensive guidance been ongoing at HSE for several years. validation database version 1227. of LNG. The extent of the flammable and updated data. The work was Other related work to improve risk The information was presented vapour cloud resulting from these disseminated at a PHMSA public management and safety includes: at a workshop and conference accident scenarios is predicted workshop and at an educational Vapor Dispersion Model Evaluation using dispersion models. Before training session run by the National ›› Assessment of severe vapour Protocol (MEP) Update28, and LNG use, the models must be deemed Fire Protection Association. cloud explosion incidents; Model Evaluation Protocol (MEP) acceptable following the LNG ›› Modelling of the ‘Phoenix’ large- and Validation Database Update29. Model Evaluation Protocol (MEP). scale LNG pool fire tests and related experiments at HSE, under contract to Shell Research Ltd.; ›› Experimental and modelling External funding source work on small-scale LNG spills. US Pipelines and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
23 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Keeping pace with change
Enabling safe implementation of new battery energy storage applications
REVOLUTIONIZING ENERGY storage HSE scientists are working to enable Our scientists are engaging with is a key challenge to harnessing safe and healthy implementation industry and the public sector – the What were the benefits? the UK’s growing renewable energy of new battery energy storage Department for Business, Energy and generation. Energy generated applications across their lifecycle: Industrial Strategy (BEIS), the Ministry The engagement by our scientists during windy or sunny days needs for instance, use includes normal, for Housing, Construction and Local with the energy industry, to be stored to make it available maintenance and ‘abuse’ such as Government, the Fire and Rescue regulators, Innovate UK and when needed. New battery energy off-design modification and arson. Service, Innovate UK and HSE - to raise first responders is identifying storage applications are coming Robust scientific analysis of potential the profile of these scientific evidence the scientific evidence needed on-line such as the storage plant hazards and risks is essential. Worst- needs. For instance, our specialists to enable the safe and healthy near Sheffield. Battery storage is also credible event risk assessment and facilitated a cross-government implementation of new battery important for decarbonising transport, effective mitigation is needed by workshop hosted with BEIS on safety storage technologies. both on board vehicles and to give industry including fire suppression aspects of electrical energy storage, fast turnaround at vehicle charging and emergency responsery systems En to and have presented at events by For more information about stations. The importance of battery protect the public. tEqually,e industrye r Renewables UK, The Energy Institute, battery energy storage challenges storage has been underscored by needs to implementt effective g The Electricity Storage Network, The see ‘The Faraday Challenge’ a the launch of the Government’s occupational health control_ + y International Flow Battery Forum, https://innovateuk.blog.gov. B ‘Faraday Challenge’ as a key part measures. Regulators need to ensure and The Lloyds Foundation and uk/2017/07/24/the-faraday- of the UK Industrial Strategy. that regulatory frameworks keep to the HSE Board. Our specialists challenge-part-of-the-industrial- pace with technologicalS change. have also undertaken analysis and strategy-challenge-fund/ t o le experimental research for a range of r yc sectors including power, aerospace ery Ene age fec and automotive industries. tt rg Li a _ + y B Design & Transport & USE: Normal END-LIFE: Manufacturing Sale Maintenance Decomissioning Testing Installation & Abuse Recycling & S Repurposing t o le rag cyc e Life External funding source HSE and Industry
USE: Normal END-LIFE: Design & Transport & Decomissioning Manufacturing Sale 24 / 63 Maintenance Recycling & Testing Installation & Abuse Repurposing HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Keeping pace with change
Enhancing the safety of liquified natural gas (LNG) terminals
WE NEED TO anticipate and tackle the The US National Fire Protection The study was completed using new health and safety challenges Association (NFPA) safety standard NFPA the ‘Bow Tie Technique’; this is a What were the benefits? that come with social, economic and 59A covers the production, storage and tool commonly used in the major technological change. The growth in handling of liquid natural gas (LNG). hazards industry to identify the The novel application of the Bow the production of natural gas in the safety barriers in place against Tie Technique was successfully US has led to the construction of new HSE Scientists conducted a study to specific hazard scenarios and any used to review the requirements LNG export terminals. The predicted determine if LNG export terminals additional barriers required. prescribed by the NFPA 59A increase of these installations has complying with the requirements safety standard, reducing the raised concern of the possibility in NFPA 59A would have enough This is a novel application of the Bow risk of vapour cloud explosions. of vapour cloud explosions, due safety measures in place to Tie Technique, which allows an easy to the presence of flammable prevent the occurrence of very understanding of the standard’s For more information see Novel materials in the refrigerant system. large vapour cloud explosions. strengths and weaknesses from a application of the bow tie barrier-based perspective and, technique for the analysis of consequently, a quick identification of the NFPA 59A standard30. any areas that may need additional effort for future editions of the standard.
The study identified that the standard requires plant areas involving LNG to have more safeguards in place than other plant areas involving refrigerant products.
External funding source US Pipelines and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
25 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Keeping pace with change
Improving the safe use of metal powders in additive manufacturing
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) refers to processes used to create three- What were the benefits? dimensional objects. Layers are added to the object one at a time The results of this multi-disciplinary, through fusion of the metal powder multi-organisation research will beads using a laser of electron help to guide the industry to select beam under the control of computer appropriate control measures. aided design software. Additive This will reduce dependency on metal manufacturing is commonly respiratory protective equipment referred to as 3-D metal printing. as a pre-cautionary control measure. The findings are to There is evidence that occupational be included in a good practice exposure to some metals causes guidance being prepared by cancers, respiratory disease and other the Manufacturing Technology organ toxicities. However, the risk to Centre and its partners, to health from metal powders in AM is share this knowledge across the not known as this is new technology. Additive Manufacturing industry. HSE scientists are collaborating with the Manufacturing Technology Centre For further details see An (MTC) (whose role is to investigate assessment of occupational the effective and safe use of new exposure to metal powders used manufacturing technologies) and for additive manufacturing (AM)31. its engineering industry partners. Three different AM sites were visited metal powder during operation of the and airborne and surface exposure 3D printers was low but some manual to metals was assessed. This included handling and cleaning tasks could be biological monitoring in urine to assess modified to further minimise the risk of internal exposure to these metals. operator exposure. The industry has Overall good systems were in place to developed containment equipment minimise exposure and no operators to reduce the need for manual were exposed internally to metals processing of metal powders and above concentrations in the general further refinement of some equipment population. The risk for emission of will also help to reduce this risk. External funding source The Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC) Coventry
26 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Keeping pace with change
Understanding health and extended working lives in the transport sector
To improve our understanding about health and extended working lives, HSE What were the benefits? undertook a collaborative project with Manchester Institute for Collaborative The new knowledge from this Research on Ageing and the Centre work is being disseminated to key for Ageing Better. In consultation industry stakeholders in order to with relevant Unions and Trade inform interventions and guidelines Associations, a study was designed that reduce health risks for older and carried out to explore views about workers, and enable them to work and health as drivers continue remain working into older age. to work into older age. Heavy Goods Vehicle drivers aged fifty or over, and The economic and Social those who manage older drivers, were Research Council has confirmed interviewed. They provided accounts funding to extend this work and of their work involving high mental and improve our understanding physical demands. Long unsociable, of the health implications of and often irregular hours were working into older age. identified as a particular problem. They reported musculoskeletal disorders, For further information see Live and issues with stress, tiredness, long at work and prosper: facts fatigue, and increase in body about an ageing workforce32, weight. It was also acknowledged Occupational Health and Extended that loneliness might be an issue. Working Lives in the Transport Sector33 and Working beyond 65: Participants reported that some the health and safety impact34. aspects of work had improved for OVER THIRTY PERCENT of the UK UK is relatively scarce. One sector example vehicles becoming easier workforce is now aged over fifty in which the average age of the to drive. However, other aspects and the proportion of older workers workforce is increasing is Logistics and had deteriorated, longer hours External funding source in the workplace is continuing to Transport; stakeholders are keen to and increased volumes of traffic on HSE and Alliance increase. Evidence on the health of understand more about supporting the roads, which can contribute to Manchester Business those working into older age in the the health of these older workers. stress and fatigue for some drivers. School, Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, and Centre for Ageing Better
27 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Acting together
Carbon capture and storage (CCS): research to enable safe introduction
CCS IS A TECHNOLOGY that is being developed to help reduce carbon What were the benefits? dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil- fuels in order to tackle climate This scientific work has produced change. CCS involves the capture of valuable insights into how
CO2 produced by burning fossil fuels, releases of CO2 from CCS and its transportation by pipeline pipelines would behave. to storage in secure geological formations deep underground. It has produced a base of robust To enable safe introduction of scientific evidence that has resulted this innovative technology, it is in good practice guidelines and necessary to understand the decision support tools that can potential health and safety risks and assist risk assessment and effective how to effectively control them. risk management by industry. This scientific evidence will help enable Over the past decade, HSE’s specialists the safe introduction of this new have worked in collaboration with technology. It will also help reduce industry and other researchers, both the costs of any future development nationally and internationally, to of industrial-scale CCS by identify the potential risks relating to contributing to the assessment and CCS. Work has focused, in particular, control of risks early in the design on the risks associated with the and deployment of the technology. transportation of compressed (“dense- This means that the UK is now phase”) CO2 by pipeline from its much better placed to proceed point of capture to the place where with health and safety included as it is stored. The research involved –100 –90 –80 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 an integral part of the deployment a combination of laboratory- temperature (ºC) of innovative CCS technology. scale and field-scale experiments, modelling and other analyses. For more information see the HSE research report Overview of Carbon Capture and External funding source Storage (CCS) Projects at HSE’s HSE, Industry and the EU Buxton Laboratory35 and HSE: Innovation in Regulation36.
28 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Acting together
Safety of a new wind turbine manufacturing facility
SIEMENS PLC HAVE A wind turbine blade manufacturing facility in Denmark and What were the benefits? are opening one in the UK. A priority for Siemens is to ensure that any potential The work identified simple health and safety issues are identified procedures to reduce static and addressed in advance. Concerns build-up and improvements had been raised about static shocks to the existing dust control. and potential exposures to dust and solvents in the manufacturing Siemens used the information processes at their facility in Denmark. to inform their risk assessments HSE specialists were approached and risk profiling in the UK and to identify improvements that could other international manufacturing be implemented at the UK facility. facilities. This assisted Siemens to develop their health and safety Two HSE specialists visited the Danish plan, particularly dust control, for facility to observe the production the new UK manufacturing facility. processes and controls in place. They surveyed electrostatic hazards For further information on the and exposures to dust and solvents. control of dust in the workplace Based on the measurement results see Control of Substances control improvements were identified. Hazardous to Health (6th edition); The Control of Substances Static Investigation: The discharges Hazardous to Health Regulations measured could produce unpleasant Dust Control: Local Exhaust Ventilation The respiratory protective equipment 200237 and Dust in the workplace - static shocks, but existing procedures (LEV) was fitted to most tools and a in use would protect against the dust. general principles of protection38. precluded life-threatening shocks. spray booth. Workers were being However, under the Control of Substances Some good practices to avoid protected from dust, however, whilst Hazardous to Health, improved electrostatic shock hazards the spray booth cleared rapidly, engineering controls, such as LEV or were in place but also some the on-tool LEV was not effective enclosing the process is preferable. production areas were identified at capturing dust. Reasons for where static could be reduced. the poor control were identified The findings were presented to and improvements suggested. Siemens health and safety managers in the UK and internationally. External funding source Siemens plc
29 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Acting together
Enabling safety excellence in energy: the future of gas
THE UK ENERGY SECTOR is rapidly presentations by HSE’s technical There were over 150 delegates changing as technologies across the specialists who shared their expertise at the event including: energy What were the benefits? power, heat and transport sectors gained from working with industry sector specialists responsible evolve to reduce carbon emissions. on: managing risks related to energy for technological innovation; Through bringing together Enabling the safe introduction of storage, integrating renewables, risk management professionals; industry, researchers, standards these new technologies is important hydrogen, bio-syngas production process safety engineers, directors makers and regulators, this to meet emission reduction targets. from biomass, and the safety of gas suppliers and distributors; HSE event has strengthened In February 2018, HSE hosted the aspects of introducing alternative equipment manufacturers; knowledge and awareness of inaugural ‘Safety Excellence in Energy: gasses into the UK’s gas grid. and senior gas engineers. the technical challenges needed The Future of Gas’ event to bring to enable the safe introduction together industry, researchers and of innovative energy supplies standards makers to focus on meeting that reduce carbon emissions. the technical and scientific challenges - ensuring that safety scenarios For more information see are understood and potential www.hsl.gov.uk/safety- risks are effectively controlled. excellence-in-energy.
Whilst the future of gas in the emerging low carbon energy system is starting to become clear but complex, three key technological themes that the UK needs to address are: transitioning to low carbon and decarbonised gas; asset management and operability during the transition and beyond; and the importance of ‘power to gas’ technologies. This event combined key note speakers who gave the latest thinking within industry and government, and
Stuart Hawksworth, Head of HSE’s Centre for Energy and Major Hazards
30 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Acting together
Communicating health and safety statistics for Great Britain
HIGH QUALITY SCIENCE, evidence and The HSE team used new behavioural and at a glance. These sat alongside analysis underpin HSE’s risk-based, insight from the wider government an improved graphical style that What were the benefits? goal setting regime for regulating statistics profession to redesign the supported statistical storytelling while health and safety at work. HSE’s annual Health and Safety Statistics also making technical elements, such The statistics release was official statistics are an important release to better serve stakeholders and as uncertainty around estimates, more shortlisted for the Royal Statistical part of the overall evidence base decision makers and increase its impact. understandable to a broader audience. Society’s ‘Excellence in Official on health and safety at work, for Statistics’ award, the judges noting instance informing HSE’s recently The summary booklet incorporated a In addition, enhancements to that it was “a good example launched Health and Work Strategy number of improvements that made the supporting tables promoted of improved dissemination with its priorities of occupational it more accessible. It organised exploration of HSE data through and communication, making lung disease, musculoskeletal information by topic area rather than tools which allow users to pick the robust statistics accessible disorders and work-related stress. data source, which allowed multiple elements that are of interest to them. for a wide range of decision sources to work together and tell more For instance our new interactive makers. The summary document In 2016 HSE statisticians re-designed complete statistical stories. Figure- maps of mesothelioma cases in GB was very clear, with a good their main publications to bring them led ‘headlines’ meant that the key shows geographical shifts in cases mix of graphics and text.” up to date with the very best practice statistics were communicated clearly which HSE is now explaining. for communicating statistics to The summary booklet is stakeholders and the wider public. published at www.hse.gov.uk/ statistics/overall/hssh1617.pdf
Our new interactive maps of mesothelioma cases in GB are available at https://arcg.is/PLzSj
To view all the statistics HSE publish, please see: www. hse.gov.uk/statistics/
31 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Acting together
Understanding the dangers to workers’ health from exposures to low levels of benzene
IT IS IMPORTANT internationally to Printers, rubber workers, shoe HSE specialists were commissioned have a robust scientific evidence makers, laboratory technicians to scrutinise this suggestion. We What were the benefits? base to understand the risk of and firefighters can also be reanalysed the dataset used in exposure to chemicals. occupationally exposed to benzene. proposing the new metabolic The work has highlighted issues Exposure can also occur through the pathway. There were a number of with the appropriateness of the Human exposure to benzene has environment (primarily via petroleum features of the data that made it, in our dataset for commenting on low been associated with a range of products and tobacco smoke). opinion, unsuitable for the purposes dose exposures to benzene and the acute and long-term adverse health of proposing such a pathway: use of a purely statistical approach effects and diseases, including It has been suggested in the scientific to the analysis without considering cancer and aplastic anaemia. literature that low level benzene ›› the pooling of data from the biological plausibility. Exposure can occur occupationally exposure could be more harmful factories with very different for instance at chemical and than previously thought due to a new, exposures was inappropriate; Our work has been published and petrochemical plants and foundries. unidentified, metabolic pathway. ›› the very wide range of benzene submitted to the International exposures encountered (up Agency for Research on Cancer to 90 ppm, compared to a GB and was considered in its review exposure limit of 1 ppm); of benzene (October 2017). ›› at low benzene exposure levels the measurement of non-specific For more information see metabolites, that could have been Evidence for non-linear metabolism produced from sources other than at low benzene exposures? benzene, cannot be used reliably; a reanalysis of data39. ›› the relative proportion of each metabolite in the post shift urine was constant over the exposure range 0.1 to 10 ppm (benzene in air), in contrast to the previously reported work.
External funding source Concawe (the scientific division of the European Petroleum Refiners Association)
32 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Acting together
Improving control of the risks from explosive atmospheres
What were the benefits?
Our scientists’ research has For more information please see the produced robust methods for HSE publication Area classification Hazardous Area Classification for secondary releases from low that are enabling industry to pressure natural gas systems40, better control the risks from and the journal publication41. flammable atmospheres. Our This work was presented at scientists also support industry Hazards XXIII New Methods for through commercial services: Hazardous Area Classification for training courses, risk assessment Explosive Gas Atmospheres42. advice, and the ‘Quadvent’ tool for flammable gas area classification. DSEAR Assessment Support and Training information is available A video of HSE experimental at www.hsl.gov.uk/dsear- research to support a fatal incident assessment-support-and-training investigation involving acetylene transport in a van is at: www. youtube.com/watch?v=N-Qp2Lvrliw EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES IN the Robust HAC for explosive atmospheres workplace can be caused by is important so that employers flammable gases, mists or vapours or focus their resources on areas of by combustible dusts. Explosions can significant risk. Over the last decade, against the associated standard scientists provide specialist support cause fatalities and serious injuries. HSE scientists have played a lead (BS EN 60079-10-1). The new approach for our investigation of incidents Under the UK Dangerous Substances role in enabling this for flammable developed by HSE scientists provides involving explosive atmospheres. and Explosive Regulations (DSEAR), atmospheres. Initial research formed a scientifically based alternative. employers must assess and eliminate the basis for changes to two key risks or, where this is not possible, industry area classification codes: HSE scientists also provide a control and mitigate them. Hazardous EI15 4th Edition (2015) and IGEM/ commercial service for industry: advice Area Classification (HAC) must SR/25 Edition 2(2010). Subsequent on how to do DSEAR risk assessments; External funding source be done to decide where ignition research addressed the lack of training courses on HAC and DSEAR Research: Industry sources must be avoided, suitable scientifically-based advice or compliance; and the ‘Quadvent’ HSE Training, Advice equipment and systems installed, and standards on HAC for explosive gas software tool version of HSE’s approach and the Quadvent tool: suitable work clothing provided. atmospheres: the UK recently voted for gas atmospheres. Additionally, HSE Commercial Service
33 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Managing risk well
Development of a ‘creeping change’ hazard identification methodology: CCHAZID
CREEPING CHANGES ARE a safety risk aircraft, that took place over 23 years, As the UK’s industrial assets age, that has only relatively recently been became accepted as ‘the norm’, the threat from creeping changes What were the benefits? highlighted as a significant contributor leading to devastating consequences is likely to increase. One of the to major incidents. Creeping change (The Nimrod Review43). Creeping recommendations from HSE’s The innovative CCHAZID tool is the accumulation of small changes change, or “the normalisation of “Key Programme 4 (KP4)”, on has been shared with industry to which often go unnoticed, but can deviance”, also played a part in Ageing and Life Extension in the support them in managing the risks add up to a significant change. the tragic Space Shuttle Columbia offshore oil and gas industry, to workers, public, environment They are gradual, unseen and not and Kings Cross Fire disasters. was to use audits to identify and and business, from unidentified planned, and because manage creeping change. creeping changes that may have of this can be difficult to developed within their ageing monitor. For example HSE’ specialists developed plant. It is applicable not only this was highlighted the Creeping Change Hazard to the high hazard industries, in the enquiry into the Identification (CCHAZID) which uses but to anywhere where there is a RAF Nimrod Aircraft a similar approach to that used in a reliance on ageing equipment. that exploded over conventional Hazard Identification Industry Guidance prepared by Afghanistan in 2006. The (HAZID) study. Keywords are used with HSE scientists has been published increase in the number a team of people from a wide range by the Energy Institute. of fuel leaks on the of appropriate disciplines (including operations and maintenance For further information on personnel) to trigger discussions creeping change see What to and brainstorm any potential issues do about creeping change?44, with a “fresh pair of eyes”. The Guidance on applying a creeping ultimate aim of the CCHAZID is to change hazard identification identify weak or overlooked areas, (CCHAZID) methodology45 and which can then be addressed. Development of a creeping change HAZID methodology46. This new technique was piloted at three CCHAZID workshops hosted by Centrica.
External funding source Energy Institute
34 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Managing risk well
Enhancing EDF energy’s health and safety culture in coal and gas operations
AS PART OF ITS zero harm programme, EDF Energy commissioned HSE What were the benefits? psychologists to assess the safety culture in a way that is objective, “The process applied and the repeatable, allows internal and level of professionalism in doing external benchmarking and provides so made the culture survey a a plan for continuous improvement. positive engagement for the business, it has established a HSE’s psychologists provided expert benchmark for the business and support to assess the current health helped to define priority areas and safety culture and to identify for action, which have been priority areas for improvement. The incorporated into site 2017 health assessment was based on the HSE’s and safety improvement plans….. model of safety culture excellence, Furthermore, the engagement which ranges from ‘Adhoc’ through with the workforce in this process to ‘Excellence’. This was an evidence- has helped to secure their buy driven assessment following the in to the improvement actions.” HSE Achieving Safety Culture [Doug Smart, EDF Energy] Excellence Now and Tomorrow (ASCENT) process. This involved: For further information on our Safety Climate Tool see www. ›› Surveying staff perceptions ›› Facilitating nine engagement ›› Producing an evidence-based hsl.gov.uk/products/safety- using the HSE Safety Climate workshops to explore priority assessment of the current health climate-tool, www.hsl.gov.uk/ Tool (SCT) and providing expert areas (from the SCT) in depth, and and safety culture, including what-we-do/safety-culture- interpretation of the results to encourage staff involvement priority actions for improvement. stages, The development of HSL’s to identify priority areas. in improvement actions. ›› Facilitating workshops to develop Safety Climate Tool: a revision ›› A review of a sample of key ›› Interviewing five senior managers targeted actions to improve the of the Health and Safety Climate health and safety documents and seven members operating health and safety culture. Survey Tool47 and Developing across the coal and gas sites. in a health and safety/quality a benchmarking service for assurance role and training/ The sites have embedded these HSL Safety Climate Tool48. competence role to learn about actions into their health and safety how the current health and plans and will monitor progress. safety systems work in practice. External funding source EDF Energy
35 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Managing risk well
Scientific investigation into the double fatality at the balcony rail collapse in Cadogan Square, London
TWO WORKMEN WERE killed and first floor balcony. As the 115kg sofa HSE engineers, metallurgists and six others injured when a balcony was being lifted onto the balcony, imaging specialists gathered What were the benefits? rail collapsed during delivery of a the balcony rail collapsed. evidence at the incident site and large sofa to a property in Cadogan undertook forensic analysis at HSE’s HSE imaging specialists Square, London. According to witness The incident investigation was laboratory facilities in Buxton. The provided high quality evidence statements, during the delivery, the led by the Metropolitan Police main areas of their investigation to the investigation teams sofa was hoisted using ropes to the Service, working alongside HSE. included the determination of the for presentation at court. balcony rail material composition and the identification of weld This investigation resulted in a repairs and cracks. The age of prosecution with the company the balcony and whether it was fit Director being jailed for 14 months for purpose were considered. and the company fined £1.2m.
The imaging specialists created For HSE 3D graphics of the scene, a 3D animation of the incident, see www.youtube.com/ based upon laser scans taken of the watch?v=vPBIrRHaeLE&feature= scene. This demonstrated how easily youtu.be available specialist lifting equipment could have been used to safely hoist For more information see the HSE the sofa within the limited space. Lifting Operations and Lifting The company Director had earlier Equipment Regulations (LOLER)49 declined the supply of the correct lifting equipment on cost grounds.
36 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Managing risk well
Protecting healthcare workers from Ebola and other serious infectious diseases
DURING THE 2014-15 West Africa Optimised Light for Education and Ebola disease crisis, four UK hospital Training, to emit simulated body fluids What were the benefits? infectious disease units (IDU) prepared typical of HCID symptoms - cough, to receive patients with Ebola and sweat, diarrhoea, vomit - each tagged This novel collaborative research with For further information see our other high consequence infectious with a different colour fluorescent Sheffield Teaching Hospitals provided publications: Use of UV fluorescence diseases (HCID). To protect healthcare tracer. We developed a scenario to an evidence base to support changes based simulation in evaluation of staff from infection, personal protective simulate patient clinical examination to PPE. The unified PPE, including personal protective equipment equipment (PPE) ensembles and in which PPE-trained volunteer doctors the newly developed hood, also worn for first assessment and care safe removal procedures were and nurses from all four IDUs became protects against airborne infection, of a patient with suspected high established. However, there was heavily contaminated. Under UV light, increasing effectiveness in reducing consequence infectious disease50, some variation in PPE and procedures contamination was body-mapped risk of serious illness for workers. Evidence based evaluation of between IDUs, and the evidence before and after PPE removal. The category 4 PPE protection for IDU base to assess efficacy was limited. results provided evidence to assess The training system we developed staff. “Don’t panic!”51, and Practical different PPE ensembles and agree will help healthcare workers aspects of infection control: Use of We collaborated with Sheffield Teaching a unified ensemble and procedure adopt safe working practices UV fluorescence-based simulation Hospitals (STH), one of the IDUs, to adopted by all IDUs. We recognised and increase staff confidence in for PPE assessment and training undertake research to test PPE. We that no hood available was suitable, so using and safely removing PPE. for high risk pathogens52. modified a clinical training mannequin, we developed a bespoke one with a ‘Violet’ - Visualising Infection with local company (KIT Design, Sheffield).
External funding source HSE/NHS
37 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Managing risk well
Supporting the safe deployment of new power engineering technologies
What were the benefits?
This pilot study showed that two hazard identification techniques developed in the process industries worked credibly in power engineering applications. The findings were shared through an article in ‘Loss Prevention Bulletin’ Hazard identification – can power engineers learn from the process industries53 highlighting the potential for such techniques to help power engineers deploy new power technologies safely and efficiently.
EXCITING NEW POWER network One approach to help power HSE specialists carried out a pilot both techniques worked credibly, technologies are emerging as the engineers introduce and deploy study to trial the application of two Bow-Tie was more efficient and UK energy landscape changes. new power technologies safely techniques to electricity power participants valued the way it could Traditionally, power generation was and efficiently is the use of the networks: Hazard and Operability visualise ‘hidden’ barriers to unsafe centralised at power plants with hazard identification techniques (HAZOP) study and ‘Bow Tie’ operation and make linkages to electricity flowing to transmission and developed in the process industries. analysis. Our specialists worked with management systems delivering distribution. Today, energy storage These techniques are successfully a distribution network operator’s or maintaining their integrity. technologies are beginning to be applied to process plant for which engineers and managers considered deployed in the distribution system to mature standards exist, but add existing low voltage assets. The balance supply and demand for solar, greater value when considering pilot yielded relatively few safety wind and biomass energy. Distribution innovative designs needing actions as the existing designs meet of electricity generated at commercial assessment from first principles. established industry standards. While External funding source and residential sites means power An electricity distribution flows are dynamic, not one way. network operator
38 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Supporting small employers
Assessing risks for farmers from toxic gases associated with animal slurries
STORED ANIMAL MANURES – slurries – generate toxic gases including What were the benefits? hydrogen sulphide (H2S). In confined spaces near to slurry stores, or The combination of laboratory when mixing slurry ahead of scale experiments and follow- field application, farmers can be up farm visits has provided HSE exposed to a build-up of H2S. This policymakers with the robust has a rapid effect on breathing, evidence needed to advise and can be fatal. Incidents occur farmers of the dangers of handling regularly on farms in Great Britain. slurries, and circumstances where enhanced precautions In laboratory scale experiments, our are needed. Based on this scientists measured H2S in the head evidence HSE Guidance is being space above slurry in tubs before and updated to support farmers in after stirring, and with and without managing the risks effectively. added gypsum powder. Gypsum can enter slurry with animal bedding and For more information see Gypsum provide nutrients for H2S-generating in animal slurry systems enhances bacteria. Before stirring, H2S levels were generations of hydrogen sulphide minimal. After stirring, levels reached and increases occupational 1618 and 330 ppm with and without exposure hazard54, Preventing gypsum respectively. The lower value asphyxiation of farm workers55, can cause serious respiratory effects Workplace risks from bacterially and the higher level is potentially fatal. derived toxic gases56 and the HSE research report The
We conducted farm visits to assess H2S influence of gypsum in animal levels during slurry mixing. In some slurry systems on the generation situations, very high levels (>1000ppm) of hydrogen sulphide57. of H2S were detected during mixing, in particular in underground stores with slatted floors, inside buildings.
39 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Supporting small employers
Engaging small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in research to understand asthma risk in British woodworkers
THE BRITISH WOODWORKING industry other occupational lung diseases. HSE’s Health Strategic Research has changed over recent decades, Evidence has suggested that work- Programme has provided What were the benefits? with a shift towards working in small related respiratory symptoms, opportunities to engage SMEs in or medium sized enterprises (SMEs). asthma, and abnormal lung function research into respiratory disease. This research with SMEs has Wood dust is one of the leading can occur at levels of wood dust described respiratory symptoms, causes of occupational asthma in exposure lower than the current HSE specialists did a systematic review asthma, and lung function in the the UK, and has been associated with UK workplace exposure limit. of the existing evidence. Building British wood and boat building on the knowledge gaps identified industry for the first time in 40 our specialists undertook a study years. This evidence is being looking at the risk of respiratory used by HSE and European policy symptoms, asthma, and abnormal makers to review the occupational lung function in British woodworkers. exposure limits for wood dust. Working with industry representatives This scientific evidence base is including the British Woodworking enabling HSE to work alongside Federation, we recruited SMEs SMEs in the woodworking from the furniture, manufacturing, industry to support reducing and boat building industries. the risks to workers health.
Questionnaire data, lung function For further information see measurements, and blood tests were Asthma in furniture and wood taken from over 250 workers across processing workers: a systematic 14 different sites. Individual workers reviewr58 and the HSE research received detailed health feedback, report Pilot project to research educating them on respiratory the need to update HSE on the symptoms and asthma and alerting occupational health risks in them early to existing respiratory the woodworking industry59. disease. Feedback from occupational hygienists encouraged improvement in health and safety practices.
40 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Supporting small employers
How much occupational ill health is caused by long-term pesticide use?
THERE ARE CONCERNS that some Working closely with HSE policymakers, exposure to specific products used pesticides may have levels of human our researchers established a second and potential confounding factors What were the benefits? toxicity that cause health problems long-term health study in 2013: the such as smoking and diet. Our in workers who apply pesticides. Prospective Investigation of Pesticide researchers, working continually Volunteer studies with registered Health specialists at HSE’s laboratory Applicators’ Health - ‘PIPAH’. This with trade bodies, have recruited pesticide workers are essential are carrying out long-term volunteer study is collecting more detailed over 5,700 volunteers, 52% of to develop the evidence base studies to understand the potential information such as pesticide whom are self-employed. on potential chronic health for chronic health problems. problems. This evidence is being used to ensure that The Pesticide User’s Health Study any risks are understood and (PUHS) has been underway since can be effectively controlled. the 1990’s. In 2013, HSE’s researchers Additionally, the engagement reported that certified pesticide between HSE’s researchers and workers who were often exposed pesticides workers, including to pesticide concentrate were four at Trade Shows and through times more likely to report ‘ill health’ regular ‘PIPAH’ newsletters, is associated with pesticide use than helping raise awareness of the those exposed to diluted products; importance of adopting good additionally, workers exposed for practice to reduce exposure. over 15 years were more likely to report ‘ill health’ than those in jobs For further information on lasting less than 5 years. This research the PIPAH and PUHS studies is ongoing and the volunteers’ NHS including our newsletters, records will be used to build evidence see HSE’s webpages60, 61. on long-term health outcomes. For scientific details see our reports and papers62–68.
External funding source HSE and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
41 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Supporting small employers
Reducing exposure to allergens in bakeries by modifying dough-improver constituents
OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA is a significant health issue in the bakery industry What were the benefits? and is caused by inhalation of allergens in wheat flour dust and This research showed the potential ingredients like fungal and bacterial to reduce baker’s exposure to enzymes and soya flour added to allergens by simple alterations improve the properties of dough. in the composition of a dough- improver. It demonstrated that Reducing employee exposure to flour cost effective control measures dust requires control measures and can be developed to help small small bakeries particularly require bakeries: these need to be part simple measures to address this of a wider solution in conjunction problem. To this end, HSE scientists with measures such as engineering worked with the Association of controls, staff training, and the Bakery Ingredient Manufacturers provision of health surveillance. (ABIM) to investigate altering the ingredient mixture in a dough- For further information on this improver, to reduce flour dustiness and research see Reducing dust and allergen levels at source. To quantify allergen exposure in bakeries69 dustiness, HSE’s researchers used an and for a review of bakery EU standardised ‘rotating drum’ test asthma by HSE’s Workplace and quantified three different size Health Excellence Committee fractions of the dust to assess whether see Risks of Bakery Work70. particles were likely to enter the lung. They also quantified the content of The study found that ‘free flow’ the emission of airborne allergens. specific allergens. AIBM provided the agents such as calcium silicate However, a small increase in the research team with technical advice and emulsifiers as well as inorganic content of organic oil in the improver and with individual components and calcium salts added to the improver significantly reduced dustiness modified mixtures of an improver. significantly increased dustiness and and lowered allergen levels.
42 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Tackling ill health
Identifying the causes of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis lung disease
HSE’S HEALTH AND Work Strategy prioritises tackling occupational What were the benefits? lung disease. An estimated 12,000 deaths each year are linked to This study demonstrated that past occupational exposures. over the last twenty years, exposure to metalworking fluids Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) (MWF) has become the most is a common form of allergic lung frequently reported causative disease. There is clear evidence that agent for cases of occupational health outcomes can be improved if hypersensitivity pneumonitis a cause can be identified, and further reported to the SWORD exposure avoided. Understanding surveillance scheme in the UK. the common sources of workplace exposure is therefore important. To increase awareness of the common occupational causes The aim of this study was to explore of this disease, the research the most commonly suspected causes findings were presented at a of occupational HP (OHP) reported British Thoracic Society Research to the UK Surveillance of Work-related Meeting and published in the and Occupational Respiratory Journal of Occupational and Disease (SWORD) surveillance Environmental Medicine. scheme and to consider whether these had changed over time. For more information see Epidemiology of occupational HSE’s Centre for Workplace hypersensitivity pneumonitis; Health worked with the Centre for reports from the SWORD scheme Occupational and Environmental in the UK 1996-201571. Health at Manchester University. All cases of occupational HP that See HSE’s new 3D lung had been reported to the SWORD into time periods. The estimated Between 1996 and 2015, there animation at www.youtube. scheme between January 1996 and annual incidence was calculated were 202 actual cases of OHP com/watch?v=-BAKbB3pyqo. December 2015 were classified into using the estimated number of reported to SWORD, equating to one of ten categories by suspected reported cases and the working an estimated 818 cases, when cause. Cases were grouped population of the UK at that time. adjusting for the sampling ratio.
43 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Tackling ill health
Understanding and identifying faults with disposable respirators in the marketplace
HSE ESTIMATES THAT there are currently (FFP), also known as a disposable dust HSE scientists carried out market around 12,000 deaths per year in the mask. The highest-performing FFP is surveillance testing of samples of ten What were the benefits? UK from occupational respiratory the FFP3, which is expected to reduce different FFP3 respirator models from disease linked to past occupational workplace exposure by a factor of 20, ten different manufacturers, with the Of the sample respirators exposures. Respiratory Protective if used and fitted correctly. This class aim of determining whether each studied, 50% of the models had Equipment (RPE) is widely used in a of RPE is used in workplaces to protect sample met a range of health and at least one fault on at least wide range of different industries as against a variety of hazards including safety performance requirements. one sample. These findings will control measures to protect workers. asbestos and biological agents such help to direct efforts to improve One of the most commonly used as pandemic flu. It is essential that Twelve samples of each model the effectiveness of respiratory types of RPE is the filtering face piece these respirators perform effectively. were examined and only five of the protective equipment (RPE) in the ten models passed all tests with no workplace. The results have also faults or failures on any of them. reinforced the need for pre-use Two models had an isolated fault checking of RPE, even if it is fresh on a single sample, one of which out of the box. The correct use was very serious, rendering the of effective RPE in the workplace respirator ineffective. One model will reduce the risk of developing had multiple minor faults, and two occupational respiratory disease. models had multiple serious faults. For more information see the HSE research report Market surveillance of FFP3 disposable respirators72.
44 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Tackling ill health
Improving in-cab filtration to protect workers from lung disease
IN-CAB AIR FILTRATION systems are psychologists carried out a study using The team found: penetration of dust installed on plant vehicles used the quarry sector as an example. into vehicle cabs; some vehicle What were the benefits? in a range of industries where Interviews were held with vehicle and cab filters of low efficiency; and drivers can potentially breathe in filter manufacturers and a wide range that staff had variable knowledge This research identified practical hazardous airborne dust, for example of quarry staff, from vehicle drivers to about the effectiveness of in-cab steps that industry can take farming, waste management and site health and safety managers. A filtration and the level of protection to improve protection of quarrying. However, there is a lack of new scientific method was developed it afforded. For instance, cab doors workers from hazardous dust information on the efficacy of these to evaluate filtration system efficiency and windows were frequently opened exposures in industry sectors systems and the level of knowledge whilst a vehicle is driven: measurements by drivers to aid communication, that use plant vehicles. Improved by manufacturers and within the were taken and contextual information removing any exposure protection. understanding of good practice industries using the vehicles. gathered at a number of quarries. for in-cab air filtration systems is needed by vehicle designers To develop this evidence, a team and manufacturers and within of HSE filtration and ventilation the sectors using the vehicles specialists, occupational – including the importance of hygienists, and work filter maintenance and ensuring that drivers are made aware of Dirty air the actions they need to take. Schematic of HSE is using this evidence to cab inlet airflow inform partnership working with industry and unions.
For more information see In- cab filtration as an exposure control measure73. Dirty air
45 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Tackling ill health
Developing our working relationship with Appointed Doctors
HSE RELIES HEAVILY on a national network of doctors to carry out health What were the benefits? assessments of workers under certain regulations. This includes workers This evolving relationship with ADs exposed to asbestos, lead and ionising has benefited the regulator, as it radiation. These doctors, the Appointed has increasingly easy access to Doctors (ADs), are senior primary real world intelligence and advice care or occupational physicians. A about ill health caused by work, smaller number of Approved Medical and some of the barriers that need Examiners of Divers (AMEDS) carry to be overcome in order to prevent out similar health assessments for these conditions. We have also all working divers in Great Britain. been able to offer bespoke training courses for these doctors, allowing The Centre for Workplace health (CWH) the regulator to direct their work has worked hard in the last 18 months to in order to achieve mutually develop our professional relationships agreeable health outcomes. with these doctors, given their important “eyes and ears” function in the real world For further information on how of work. Their experience is invaluable to HSE appoints doctors see www. capture, specifically as HSE is focussing hse.gov.uk/doctors/index.htm. on Health and Work as an important HSE has also recently and successfully, theme within Helping GB Work Well. streamlined the administrative processes required to ensure that ADs In order to increase our engagement are qualified to carry out this work, with these doctors, we have developed and that it is completed professionally. ‘The ‘open-door’ AD/AMED contact with the HSE’s Principal Medical Adviser specific training courses, and now Specifically, for example, HSE has is invaluable in discussing, often complex, health and work related issues. actively invite dialogue relating to now adopted a risk-based approach, Having visited the workplace personally or having been given detailed their HSE work, and also in relation developing an audit tool for ADs to descriptions of work practices or health related issues by employees, greater to the wider health at work agenda. assess their own medical records. insight can be gained particularly in regards to remote or less accessible roles Examples of the latter include asbestos These outputs can be used by ADs to such as those of commercial divers, radiation workers or asbestos operatives.’ and silica exposure related health support their own General Medical issues. Their field intelligence has Council revalidation processes. Helen S Bryden (AD, AMED and Occupational Physician) helped CWH understand better some of the practical barriers to consider when preventing ill health due to work.
46 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Sharing our success
Improving regulatory compliance: tools to target HSE risk-based inspection
INITIALLY, UNDER HSE’S “Going to the New work sets out to investigate safety law was identified during Right Places” programme to improve whether routine data held by HSE, the visit. A modeling tool was What were the benefits? regulatory compliance, HSE’s data including data on past inspection developed that assigned assigned analytics specialists have developed a history, past health and safety risk scores to duty-holders indicating The findings of the research tool called Find-It to target inspection performance and contextual business the likelihood they would be suggest that the methodology efforts more explicitly on higher-risk data, could be used to predict observed to be non-compliant developed has the potential to sectors, poor performers and serious the outcome of a subsequent HSE when subsequently inspected. be used in conjunction with HSE’s regulatory breaches. Find-It uses inspection visit in terms of whether existing approaches to targeting innovative techniques to match and a material breach of health and its proactive inspection activities. link disparate data and provide This will ensure HSE is focusing its a combined view of dutyholder activity on those businesses which performance. It helps inspectors need intervention and further target regulatory activity to where it help ensuring that the regulatory is most needed and reduce burdens burden placed on workplaces on compliant businesses. Find-It has that are largely compliant with been successfully used in HSE since health and safety legislation is 2012 and interest in the approach has kept to a minimum. Improving been growing from other UK regulators. overall regulatory compliance.
For further information please see the journal publication: Using novel geographical information systems techniques to address regulatory challenges - from nuclear siting to regulation of major hazards and targeting inspection74, the article Making greater use of data75, and the HSE information on innovation in regulation76.
47 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Sharing our success
Supporting WHO guidelines for protecting workers from potential risks of manufactured nanomaterials
What were the benefits?
We have shared our latest scientific knowledge and thinking on assessment and characterisation of nanoparticles to support the development of the WHO’s new nanomaterial guidelines. These guidelines provide recommendations on protecting workers, especially in low and middle-income countries. WHO has stated that: ‘These guidelines significantly contribute to actions at the workplace … on the Global Plan Action for worker’s health’.
The WHO guidelines on protecting workers from potential risks of NANOTECHNOLOGIES INVOLVE the As with any potential worker exposure manufactured nanomaterials are creation and/or manipulation of to chemicals, it is important to ensure available to download at: http:// materials at the scale of atoms and that any potential health risks are www.who.int/occupational_ molecules. Examples are: nano-silver effectively controlled. Nanomaterial health/publications/ as an anti-microbial in medical and exposure can potentially occur manufactured-nanomaterials/en/ textile applications; and carbon through inhalation, skin contact and selected in 2013 by the World Health nanotubes, which are widely used ingestion during activities such as Organisation, WHO, to provide support For further information on for their mechanical strength and bagging, transferring and mixing and expertise in the development of collaborative nanotechnology lightweight, heat-dissipation and of powders, spraying of liquid, new ‘Guidelines on Protecting Workers research by HSE see: electrical conductivity properties in and machining. There is a growing from Potential Risks of Manufactured Workplace Air Measurements77, applications such as electronics and body of literature indicating a Nanomaterials. Delphine has been Inter-comparison of personal energy storage. New nanotechnologies potential health risk of certain types involved in collaborative European monitors78, and Dustiness of are being developed rapidly of nanomaterials. HSE’s scientific research projects on nanomaterial nanomaterial in powder form79. with potential benefits in a wide expert in nanotechnology health and ultrafine exposure assessments range of applications. protection, Dr Delphine Bard, was and characterisation for over 10 years.
48 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Sharing our success
Shoreham Airshow incident: identifying improvements to future risk management of airshows
THE CIVIL AVIATION Authority The review identified that the risk (CAA) requires all airshows to assessment had not properly What were the benefits? assess the risks from air displays followed CAA guidance, a number in order to ensure public safety. of foreseeable hazards had not The AAIB identified been identified, and that there was recommendations from the review A vintage jet aircraft crashed little evidence that achievable by HSE specialists to improve onto a road killing 11 people and mitigation measures were considered the future risk management of injuring 16 others at the Shoreham and implemented following the airshows to prevent a similar Airshow on 22 August 2015. risk assessment process. incident occurring again.
The Air Accidents Investigation The review identified that additional Our reports were included Branch (AAIB) asked HSE specialists to clarity in guidance could assist as annexes of the final AAIB review the air display risk assessment those carrying out future air Shoreham Investigation report. undertaken prior to the Shoreham display risk assessments. This report is publically available, Airshow to determine whether the which allows lessons to be assessment was fit for purpose. This learned from the incident. review was to help inform the AAIB investigation into the incident. For more information see Aircraft Accident Report AAR1/2017-G- HSE specialists assessed how the BXFI80, and AAIB investigation Shoreham risk assessment compared to Hawker Hunter T7, G-BXFI- to CAA airshow risk management Special Bulletin S1/201681 guidance, HSE guidance on risk assessment good practice, and literature and standards on risk assessment and risk management. We used risk assessments from previous Shoreham Airshows to assess how the risk profiles for the show had developed over time.
External funding source Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB)
49 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018 Case studies | Sharing our success
Nuclear reactors: ageing behaviour of advanced gas-cooled reactor graphite cores
NUCLEAR REACTORS GENERATE over a fifth of the electricity consumed in What were the benefits? the UK. The majority of this capacity is generated from 14 Advanced Through this work the regulator, Gas-cooled Reactors (AGR). The ONR, has an independent and AGR uses a core made of graphite impartial modelling capability bricks cooled by carbon dioxide to for estimating the viable life keep the nuclear reaction needed expectancy of the UK’s nuclear to generate electricity under control. reactors. This allows a robust This design is unique to the UK. challenge to the licensees’ analysis supporting their safety case claims. Over time the graphite bricks, which cannot be repaired or replaced, are The benefit to the public is that they damaged by use. The mechanisms can be confident that the economic of this, shrinkage of the graphite benefits of an important energy creating internal stresses and asset can be maximised whilst eventually leading to cracking, were maintaining safety standards. well understood by the designers. However, better information on How can you ensure the safe team have conducted a broad For more information please see damage progression has been operation of nuclear reactors programme of independent peer Calibration of dimensional change obtained from operating reactors when it is too dangerous to reviewed research covering: in finite element models using AGR and, coupled with the retro-fitting of physically check their cores? moderator brick measurements82, new safety equipment, has allowed ›› the statistical modelling of data A numerical study of internal the reactors to safely operate HSE’s statistical modellers, are obtained from working reactors; brick stresses in AGR moderator beyond their original design life. collaborating with the School of ›› computer simulations based bricks83, A core-monitoring based Metallurgy and Materials, University on engineering models; methodology for predictions The licensee has to produce a of Birmingham and the Nuclear ›› mechanical testing. of graphite weight loss in AGR safety case that demonstrates they Graphite Research Group, University moderator bricks84 and Saving the understand the condition of the of Manchester. The team have Through our research a better world one equation at a time85. graphite core and the damage developed the only independent understanding of damage progression and to demonstrate model for simulating the behaviour mechanisms, the behaviour of that the reactor can operate of the bricks and their structural components in the graphite core safely. The Office for Nuclear integrity, which assists the ONR and ultimately the viable life Funding Regulation (ONR) has the role in fulfilling its vital safeguarding expectancy of the UK’s nuclear Office for Nuclear of assessing this safety case. role. Over the past decade, the reactors has been obtained. Regulation (ONR)
50 / 63 References and publications HSE Annual Science Review 2018
References and publications
References 9 Hawksworth, S. Safety of combined 13 Astbury, G. & Hawksworth, S. 19 Pitts, P. & Brereton, P. The cycle gas turbine and gas engine Spontaneous ignition of hydrogen development and use of tools to 1 HSE Foresight Report 2017-18 systems operating on hydrogen rich leaks: a review of postulated support workplace hand-arm vibration http://www.hse.gov.uk/horizons/ syngas and biogas. 8th International mechanisms. International exposure evaluation. Acoustics Seminar on Fire & Explosion Hazards, Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Australia, 2016, 44(1), 113-120 http:// 2 Science and Evidence Strategy Heifei, China, 25-28 April 2016 http:// 2007, 32(13), 2178-2185 https://doi. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40857-016-0043-x 2016-2020, HSE, 2017 http://www.hse. dx.doi.org/10.20285/c.sklfs.8thISFEH.068 org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.04.005 gov.uk/research/content/science- 20 Paltrinieri, N., et al Dynamic evidence-strategy-1620.pdf 10 Hedley, D. Large scale passive 14 2nd PEROSH Research Exchange Procedure for Atypical Scenarios ventilation trials of hydrogen. Meeting on 14th September 2017 http:// Identification (DyPASI): a new 3 For information about the International Journal of Hydrogen www.perosh.eu/events/event/2nd- systematic HAZID tool. Journal of Loss Thomas Ashton Institute for Risk Energy, 2014, 39(35), 20325- perosh-research-exchange- Prevention in the Process Industries, and Regulatory Research see 20330 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. meeting-on-14th-september-2017/ 2013, 26(4), 683-695 http://dx.doi. www.ashtoninstitute.ac.uk ijhydene.2014.05.120 org/10.1016/j.jlp.2013.01.006 15 Go Home Healthy http://www. 4 Helping Great Britain work well 11 Hall, J., Hooker, P. & Willoughby, D. hse.gov.uk/gohomehealthy/ 21 Stewart, J.R. & Kelsey, A. Numerical http://www.hse.gov.uk/strategy/ Ignited releases of liquid hydrogen: simulations of mechanically- 16 HSE’s Health and Work strategy 5 Annual Science Review 2016 safety considerations of thermal and ventilated multi-compartment fires. http://www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/ www.hse.gov.uk/research/content/ overpressure effects. International 15th International Post-Conference strategiesandplans/health-and-work- science-review-2016.pdf Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, Seminar on Fire Safety in Nuclear strategy/health-and-work-strategy.pdf 39(35), 20547-20553 http://dx.doi. Power Plants and Installations, 6 Hodges, J.P. et al Injecting hydrogen org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.141 17 Fishwick, D., et al Health October 4-5th 2017, Bruges, Belgium. into the gas network - a literature search. surveillance for occupational asthma HSE Books, 2015, RR1047 http://www. 12 Shirvill, L. C. et al Safety studies 22 Tolias, I.C., et al Numerical in the UK. Occupational Medicine, hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr1047.pdf on high-pressure hydrogen vehicle simulations of vented hydrogen 2016, 66(5), 365-370 http://dx.doi. refuelling stations: Releases deflagrations in a medium-scale 7 Pritchard, D., Royle, M. & org/10.1093/occmed/kqw028 into a simulated high-pressure enclosure, Journal of Loss Prevention Willoughby, D. Installation permitting dispensing area. International 18 Chaplin, Z., Modelling flammable in the Process Industries https://doi. guidance for hydrogen and fuel cell Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, chemical major hazards using org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.10.014 (in press) stationary applications: UK version. 37(8), 6949-6964 http://dx.doi. DRIFT 3 dispersion model. IChemE HSE Books, 2009, RR715 http://www. 23 Leadership and worker involvement org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.01.030 Hazards 27, Birmingham, UK, 10- hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr715.pdf toolkit: reducing harm by learning 12 May 2017, Posters 2 http://www. from the best in the construction 8 Pritchard, D. & Rattigan, W. Hazards icheme.org/~/media/Documents/ industry. HSE, http://www.hse.gov. of liquid hydrogen: Position paper. Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_ uk/construction/lwit/index.htm HSE Books, 2010, RR769 http://www. Prevention/Hazards%20Archive/ hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr769.pdf XXVII/XXVII-Poster-02.pdf
52 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
24 Gas NIC submission: National 27 Stewart J.R. Guide to the LNG 30 Garcia, M., Wardman, M. & Wilday, 34 Beers, H. Working beyond 65: the Grid Gas Distribution – HyDeploy. model validation database version A. J. Novel application of the bow health and safety impact. Safety and Ofgem, 2016, https://www.ofgem. 12. Final report for the Fire Protection tie technique for the analysis of the Health Practitioner, 2014, 11 https:// gov.uk/publications-and-updates/ Research Foundation, Quincy, NFPA 59A standard. IChemE Hazards www.shponline.co.uk/working-beyond- gas-nic-submission-national- Massachusetts, USA, September 2016 27, Birmingham, UK, 10-12 May 65-the-health-and-safety-impact/ grid-gas-distribution-hydeploy https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/ 2017, Paper 45 http://www.icheme. 35 Gant S.E. Overview of Carbon News-and-Research/Resources/ org/communities/special-interest- 25 Gant, S. Review of recent LNG Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects Research-Foundation/Research- groups/safety%20and%20loss%20 research at HSL and possible at HSE’s Buxton Laboratory. HSE, Foundation-reports/Hazardous- prevention/resources/hazards%20 future R&D topics. PHMSA Pipeline 2017, RR1121 http://www.hse.gov. materials/RFLNGDatabaseGuidev12. archive/hazards%2027.aspx Safety and Research Development uk/research/rrpdf/rr1121.pdf ashx?la=en&hash=A2A845EF2E442 Forum, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, 16- 31 Hall, S. An assessment FC0E6DD6922A7AC60540F4837A8 36 HSE: Innovation in Regulation HSE, 17 November 2016 http://primis. of occupational exposure http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/ phmsa.dot.gov/rd/mtg_111616.htm 28 Gant S.E. Vapor Dispersion Model to metal powders used for innovation-in-regulation.htm Evaluation Protocol (MEP) Update. additive manufacturing (AM). 26 Ivings M.J.et al Evaluating Pipelines and Hazardous Materials OH2017, Harrogate. UK, 24-27 37 Control of Substances Hazardous vapor dispersion models for safety Safety Administration (PHMSA) April 2017 http://www.oh-2018. to Health (6th ed) : The Control of analysis of LNG facilities. Final report Public Workshop on Liquefied com/oh2017-presentations/ Substances Hazardous to Health for the Fire Protection Research Natural Gas (LNG) Regulations, Regulations 2002 (as amended). Foundation, Quincy, Massachusetts, 32 Beers, H. Live long at work and Washington DC, USA, 18-19 May Approved Code of Practice and USA, September 2016 https:// prosper: facts about an ageing 2016 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/ Guidance. HSE Books, 2013, L5, www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/ workforce. The National Food and meetings/FilGet.mtg?fil=782 ISBN 9780717665822. http://www. News-and-Research/Resources/ Drink Manufacturing Conference hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l5.htm Research-Foundation/Research- 29 Gorham D. & Stewart J.R. LNG 2017, Thame, UK, 10th October 2017 Foundation-reports/Hazardous- Model Evaluation Protocol (MEP) and https://www.iosh.co.uk/en/Key%20 38 Dust in the workplace - general materials/RFLNGDispersionModelMEP. Validation Database Update. NFPA IOSH%20events/Food%20and%20 principles of protection . Guidance ashx?la=en&hash=4DD6B6CD4F96 Conference & Expo, Boston, USA, 4-7 drink%20highlights%202017 Note EH44, Fourth edition. HSE D63158BA27C45E1CF12C1BD88E08 June 2017 https://www.nfpa.org/~/ Books, 2013 http://www.hse.gov. 33 Beers, H. Occupational Health and media/BB51173392704BCFA6E106CC uk/pubns/books/eh44.htm Extended Working Lives in the Transport 629B08E3.pdf Sector, HSE, 2018 (in press) http:// 39 McNally, K. et al Evidence for non- www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/ linear metabolism at low benzene exposures? a reanalysis of data. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2017, 278, 256-268 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.002
53 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
40 Ivings, M.J. et al. Area classification 45 Goff, R. & Holroyd, J. Guidance 48 Healey, N. et al Developing 52 Bozena, P. et al . Use of UV for secondary releases from low on applying a creeping change a benchmarking service for HSL fluorescence-based simulation for PPE pressure natural gas systems. HSE hazard identification (CCHAZID) Safety Climate Tool. IChemE assessment and training for high risk Books, 2008, RR630 http://www.hse. methodology. Energy Institute, 2017. Hazards XXIII, Southport, UK, 12-15 pathogens. Federation of Infection gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr630.pdf ISBN 9780852938362 http://publishing. November 2012, 222-229 https:// Societies Conference Birmingham, energyinst.org/topics/process-safety/ www.icheme.org/~/media/ 30th Nov - 2nd Dec 2017. http:// 41 Webber, D.M., Ivings, M.J., & risk-assessment/guidance-on- Documents/Subject%20Groups/ event.federationinfectionsocieties. Santon, R.C. Ventilation Theory and applying-a-creeping-change-hazard- Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20 com/abstracts/ Dispersion Modelling Applied to identification-cchazid-methodology Archive/XXIII/XXIII-Paper-30.pdf Hazardous Area Classification. Journal 53 Clay, M. F. Hazard identification - can of Loss Prevention in the Process 46 Goff, R. & Holroyd, J. Development 49 Lifting Operations and Lifting power engineers learn from the process Industries, 2011, 24(5), 612-621 http:// of a creeping change HAZID Equipment Regulations 1998. Approved industries. Loss Prevention Bulletin, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2011.04.002 methodology. IChemE Hazards 27, Code of Practice and Guidance. L113, 2017, 253 23-26 http://www.icheme. Birmingham, UK, 10-12 May 2017, HSE, 2014, 2nd ed , 978-0717665860 org/lpb/free%20downloads.aspx 42 Santon, R.,et al. New Methods for Paper 61 http://www.icheme.org/~/ http://www.hse.gov.uk/work- Hazardous Area Classification for 54 Crook, B. et al Gypsum in animal media/Documents/Conferences/ equipment-machinery/loler.htm Explosive Gas Atmospheres. IChemE slurry systems enhances generations Hazards%2027/Presentations/ Hazards XXIII, Southport, UK, 12- 50 Hall S, et al Use of UV fluorescence of hydrogen sulphide and increases Friday/1405%20GOFF.pdf 15 Nov. 2012, 339-346. http://www. based simulation in evaluation of occupational exposure hazard. ichemeoncampus.org/~/media/ 47 Sugden, C., et al The development personal protective equipment Science in the Total Environment, Documents/Subject%20Groups/ of HSL’s Safety Climate Tool: a worn for first assessment and care 2017, 609, 1381-1389 https://doi. Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20 revision of the Health and Safety of a patient with suspected high org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.014 Archive/XXIII/XXIII-Paper-44.pdf Climate Survey Tool. Contemporary consequence infectious disease. 55 Health and Safety Laboratory Ergonomics, 2009, 242-252 https:// Journal of Hospital Infection 43 The Nimrod Review. https:// Preventing asphyxiation of farm www.routledge.com/Contemporary- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. www.gov.uk/government/ workers linked to cattle slurry and Ergonomics-2009-Proceedings- jhin.2018.01.002 (in press) publications/the-nimrod-review use of gypsum powder in cattle of-the-International-Conference/ 51 Hall, S. Evidence based evaluation bedding. PEROSH Newsletter, 44 Goff, R. What to do about Bust/p/book/9780415804332 of category 4 PPE protection for 2015, 8-9 http://www.perosh.eu/ creeping change? The Chemical IDU staff. “Don’t panic!” Practical wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ Engineer, 2017, 917 https://www. aspects of infection control, The Newsletter-Perosh-Sept-2015.pdf thechemicalengineer.com/features/ Workstation, Sheffield, UK, 19th- what-to-do-about-creeping-change/ 20th June 2017 https://www.ips. uk.net/event/dont-panic-practical- aspects-infection-control/
54 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
56 Crook B, & Gyte A. Workplace risks 63 Brown, T., Harding, A-H, & Frost, 69 Mason, H., et al Reducing 74 Balmforth, H., et al Using novel from bacterially derived toxic gases. G. The Pesticide Users’ Health Study dust and allergen exposure in geographical information systems Journal of Infectious Disease and – an analysis of mortality (1987-2005) bakeries Allergy and Immunology, techniques to address regulatory Therapy, 2017, 5, 344 http://dx.doi. HSE, 2013, RR958 http://www.hse. 2017, 1(4), 194-206 http://dx.doi. challenges - from nuclear siting to org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000344 gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr958.pdf org/10.3934/Allergy.2017.4.194 regulation of major hazards and targeting inspection. Policy and 57 Smith I, Frost G & Beswick A. 64 Holmes, E. The Pesticide Users’ 70 HSE Workplace Health Expert Practice in Health and Safety, 2015, The influence of gypsum in animal Health Study. Survey of pesticide usage. Committee (WHEC) Risks of bakery 13 (1), 31-46 http://dx.doi.org/10 slurry systems on the generation HSE Books, 2013, RR957 http://www. work: the adverse effects of working .1080/14774003.2015.11667810 of hydrogen sulphide. HSE Books, hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr957.pdf in high temperatures and of 2015, RR1041. http://www.hse.gov. occupational asthma. Evidence 75 Balmforth, H, Making greater use 65 Frost, G., Brown, T. & Harding, A.- uk/research/rrpdf/rr1041.pdf Review Paper. HSE, 2017 https:// of data. Safety and Health Practitioner, H. Mortality and cancer incidence webcommunities.hse.gov.uk/gf2. 2015, 38-40 https://www.shponline. 58 Wiggans, R. et al Asthma in furniture among British agricultural pesticide ti/f/21250/654565.1/PDF/-/WHEC_Risks_ co.uk/making-greater-use-of-data/ and wood processing workers: a users. Occupational Medicine, of_Bakery_work_28th_March_2017.pdf systematic review. Occupational 2011, 61(5), 303-310 http://dx.doi. 76 Health and Safety Executive: Medicine, 2016, 66 (3), 193-201 http:// org/10.1093/occmed/kqr067 71 Barber, C. et al Epidemiology Innovation in regulation. HSE, 2017 dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqv149 of occupational hypersensitivity https://www.gov.uk/government/ 66 Harding, A.-H.et al .Prospective pneumonitis; reports from the uploads/system/uploads/ 59 Simpson A. et al. Pilot project to investigation of pesticide applicators’ SWORD scheme in the UK 1996-2015. attachment_data/file/602832/ research the need to update HSE health (PIPAH) study: a cohort Occupational & Environmental hse-innovation-in-regulation.pdf on the occupational health risks study of professional pesticide Medicine, 2017, 74(7), 528-530 http:// in the woodworking industry. HSE users in Great Britain. BMJ Open, 77 Brouwer, D. et al Workplace dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103838 Books, 2014, RR1011 http://www.hse. 2017, 7 (10), e018212 http://dx.doi. air measurements and likelihood gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr1011.pdf org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018212 72 Mogridge, R & Baxter, N. Market of exposure to manufactured surveillance of FFP3 disposable nano-objects. Journal of 60 PIPAH Study: What is the PIPAH 67 Fox, D., Harding, A-H, & Frost, G. respirators. HSE Books, 2016, Nanoparticle Research, 2013, study? HSL https://www.hsl.gov.uk/ The PIPAH Study – Baseline Cohort RR1087 http://www.hse.gov.uk/ 15(11), UNSP 2090 http://dx.doi. resources/major-projects/pipah Profile 2014. HSE Books, 2018, (in research/rrpdf/rr1087.pdf org/10.1007/s11051-013-2090-7 press) http://www.hse.gov.uk/ 61 Pesticide Users’ Health Study. research/rrhtm/index.htm 73 Cab filtration as an exposure 78 Todea, A-M et al Inter- HSL https://www.hsl.gov.uk/ control measure on vehicles in the comparison of personal monitors resources/major-projects/puhs 68 Fox, D., Harding, A-H, & Frost, quarry industry. HSE (in press) http:// for nanoparticles exposure at G. The PIPAH Study – background, 62 Frost, G. The Pesticides Users Health www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/ workplaces and in the environment. rationale and design. HSE Books, Study. An analysis of cancer incidence. Science in the Total Environment, 2018 (in press) http://www.hse.gov. HSE Books, 2013, RR956 http://www. 2017, 605-606, 929-945 https://doi. uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr956.pdf org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.041
55 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
79 Dazon, C., Dustiness de 83 McNally, K. et al A numerical Publications Publications in peer- nanomateriaux en poudre: proposition study of internal brick stresses in reviewed journals d’un nouvel indice relatif a la metrique AGR moderator bricks. Nuclear HSE scientists are committed to surface (Dustiness of nanomaterial Engineering and Design, 2016, 309, making research findings accessible Andersen, L. et al Job satisfaction in powder form: proposal of a new 277-293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. online at no cost to the user. We is more than a fruit basket, health surface-based dustiness index). nucengdes.2016.09.007 ensure open access to research checks and free exercise: cross- Auteurs (2018) Congres François sur papers in peer-reviewed journals and sectional sectional study among 84 McNally, K. et al A core-monitoring les Aerosols 2018 30-31 http://www. journal-like conference proceedings 10,000 wage earners. Scandinavian based methodology for predictions of asfera.org/fr/textes-scientifiques/ (provided the publisher gives Journal of Public Health, 2017, graphite weight loss in AGR moderator dustiness-of-nanomaterial-in-powder- this option) describing research 45(5), 476-484, http://dx.doi. bricks. Nuclear Engineering and form-proposal-of-a-new-surface- for HSE led by our scientists. org/10.1177/1403494817698891 Design, 2017, 314, 56-66 http://dx.doi. based-dustiness-index/tex_id/26 org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.12.032 2017 publications by our scientists Atkinson, G. Development of 80 Aircraft Accident Report AAR1/2017- 85 Warren, N. Saving the world one are listed below. This covers: heavy vapour clouds in very G-BXFI, 22 August 2015. Air Accidents equation at a time. Civil Service publications in peer-reviewed low wind speeds. Journal of Loss Investigation Branch, 2017 https://www. Quarterly, 2015 https://quarterly. journals; papers in conference Prevention in the Process Industries, gov.uk/aaib-reports/aircraft-accident- blog.gov.uk/2015/09/10/saving-the- proceedings; research reports; 2017, 48, 162-172, http://dx.doi. report-aar-1-2017-g-bxfi-22-august-2015 world-one-equation-at-a-time-2/ conference abstracts; and articles in org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.04.011 81 AAIB investigation to Hawker Hunter trade and professional magazines. T7, G-BXFI- Special Bulletin S1/2016. Atkinson, G. Buncefield: lessons Air Accidents Investigation Branch, For a full list of details from previous learned on emergency preparedness. https://www.gov.uk/aaib-reports/ years see http://www.hsl.gov. Loss Prevention Bulletin, 254, http:// aaib-investigation-to-hawker-hunter- uk/resources/publications. HSE www.icheme.org/~/media/ t7-g-bxfi-special-bulletin-s1-2016 also commissions reports from Documents/LPB/LPB254pg23.pdf researchers in other institutes, for a 82 McNally, K., et al Calibration full list of research reports published Atkinson, G. et al A review of very of dimensional change in finite by HSE see http://www.hse.gov. large vapour cloud explosions: element models using AGR uk/research/rrhtm/index.htm cloud formation and explosion moderator brick measurements. severity. Journal of Loss Prevention Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2014, in the Process Industries, 2017, 451 (1-3), 179-188 http://dx.doi. 48, 367-375, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.03.015 org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.03.021
56 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Barber, C. et al Epidemiology Bowen, J. et al Managing asbestos- Clay, M. F. Hazard identification Crook, B. and Senior, H. Wildlife as of occupational hypersensitivity containing materials in the built - can power engineers learn source of human Escherichia Coli pneumonitis; reports from the environment: report of a Health and from the process industries. Loss O157 infection. Emerging Infectious SWORD scheme in the UK 1996-2015. Safety Executive and Government Prevention Bulletin, 2017, 253, 23-26, Diseases, 2017, 23 (12), 2122, http:// Occupational & Environmental Office for Science workshop. http://www.icheme.org/~/media/ doi.org/10.3201/eid2312.171210 Medicine, 2017, 74(7), 528-530, http:// Annals of Work Exposures and Documents/LPB/LPB253pg23.pdf dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103838 Health, 2017, 61(1), 16-21, https:// Cullinan, P. et al Occupational lung doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxw007 Cocker , J. Biological monitoring disease: from old and novel exposures Beattie, H. et al The use of bio- without limits. Annals of Work Exposures to effective preventive strategies. monitoring to assess exposure in the Brooks, A. et al Reflections on bird and Health, 2017, 61(4), 401-405 http:// The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, electroplating industry. Journal of and mammal risk assessment for doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx011 2017, 5(5), 445-455, http://dx.doi. Exposure Science and Environmental plant protection products in the org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30424-6 Epidemiology, 2017, 27(1), 47-55, European Union: past, present, and Connolly, A. et al Exposure assessment http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2015.67 future. Environmental Toxicology using human biomonitoring for Curran, A. and Fishwick, D. and Chemistry, 2017, 36(3), 565-575, glyphosate and fluroxypyr users in Developing the evidence base for Bevan, R. et al Human http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3719 amenity horticulture. International a new health and work strategy biomonitoring data collection Journal of Hygiene and Environmental for Great Britain. Occupational from occupational exposure to Butler, O. et al Atomic spectrometry Health, 2017, 220(6), 1064-1073, https:// Medicine, 2017, 67(3), 172-173, https:// pesticides. External Scientific Report, update - a review of advances in doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.008 doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx002 2017, 14(3), 1185E, http://dx.doi. environmental analysis. Journal of org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-118 5 Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Crook B, and Gyte A. Workplace risks De Matteis, S. et al Occupational 2017, 32(1), 11-57, http://dx.doi. from bacterially derived toxic gases. self-coding and automatic recording Bodel, W., Atkin, C. and Marsden, org/10.1039/C6JA90058E Journal of Infectious Disease and (OSCAR): a novel web-based B. Time of flight measurements of Therapy, 2017, 5, 344 http://dx.doi. tool to collect and code lifetime unirradiated and irradiated nuclear Carder, M et al. Chest physician- org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000344 job histories in large population- graphite under cyclic compressive reported, work-related, long-latency based studies. Scandinavian load. Journal of Nuclear Materials, respiratory disease in Great Britain. Crook, B. et al Gypsum in animal Journal of Work, Environment and 2017, 487, 50 - 67, http://dx.doi. European Respiratory Journal, slurry systems enhances generations Health, 2017, 43(2), 181-186, http:// org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.044 2017, 50(6), 1700961, https://doi. of hydrogen sulphide and increases dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3613 org/10.1183/13993003.00961-2017 occupational exposure hazard. Science in the Total Environment, 2017, 609, 1381-1389, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.014
57 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Fahad, M. et al Finite element Galea, K. et al Biological monitoring Hooker, P. et al Experimental studies Leese, E. et al The simultaneous modelling of multilayer advanced of pesticides exposure in residents on vented deflagrations in a low detection of trivalent and hexavalent gas-cooled reactor bricks and creep living near agricultural land. Outlooks strength enclosure. International chromium in exhaled breath interaction. Nuclear Engineering and on Pest Management, 2017, 28(2), 52- Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, condensate: a feasibility study Design, 2017, 324, 390-401, https://doi. 54, https://doi.org/10.1564/v28_apr_02 42(11), 7565-7576, http://dx.doi. comparing workers and controls. org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.09.014 org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.223 International Journal of Hygiene Hall, J. et al Flammability profiles and Environmental Health, 2017, Flint, S., et al Its not an obvious associated with high-pressure Hooker, P. et al Hydrogen jet fires 220 (2, Part B), 415-423, http://doi. issue is it? Office-based employees’ hydrogen jets released in close in a passively ventilated enclosure. org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.003 perceptions of prolonged sitting proximity to surfaces. International International Journal of Hydrogen at work - a qualitative study. Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, Energy, 2017, 42(11), 7577-7588, http:// Leese, E. et al The investigation of Journal of Occupational and 42(11), 7413-7421, http://dx.doi. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.246 unexpected arsenic compounds Environmental Medicine, 2017, org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.113 observed in routing biological 59 (12), 1161-1165, http://dx.doi. Jones, K. et al Exposure to monitoring urinary speciation org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001130 Harding, A-H. et al Prospective diisocyanates and their corresponding analysis. Toxics, 2017, 5(2), 12, http:// investigation of pesticide applicators’ diamines in seven different dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics5020012 Fuster, B et al Guidelines and health (PIPAH) study : a cohort workplaces. Annals of Work Exposures recommendations for indoor study of professional pesticide and Health, 2017, 61(3), 383-393, https:// Mason, H. and Willerton, L. use of fuel cells and hydrogen users in Great Britain. BMJ Open, dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx006 Airborne exposure to laboratory systems. International Journal 2017, 7(10), e018212, http://dx.doi. animal allergens. AIMS Allergy and of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018212 Kenny, L., Thorpe, A. and Stacey, P. Immunology, 2017, 1(2), 78-88, http:// 42(11), 7600-7607, http://dx.doi. A collection of experimental data dx.doi.org/10.3934/Allergy.2017.2.78 org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.266 Harris, E. et al. Mortality from for aerosol monitoring cyclones. multiple sclerosis in British military Aerosol Science and Technology, Mason, H et al Quantifying dustiness, Gagliardi, D. et al The perspective personnel. Occupational Medicine, 2017, 51(10), 1190-1200, http://dx.doi. specific allergens, and endotoxin of European researchers of national 2017, 67(6), 448-452 https://doi. org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1341620 in bulk soya imports. Environments, occupational safety and health org/10.1093/occmed/kqx083 2017, 4(4), 76, http://dx.doi. institutes for contributing to a Leese, E et al Exhaled breath org/10.3390/environments4040076 European research agenda: a Holtermann, A et al A practical condensate: a novel matrix for modified Delphi study.BMJ Open, guidance for assessments of biological monitoring to assess Mason, H., et al Reducing dust 2017, 7(6), e015336, http://dx.doi. sedentary behaviour at work: occupational exposure to and allergen exposure in bakeries org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015336 a PEROSH initiative. Applied respirable crystalline silica. Annals Allergy and Immunology, 2017, Ergonomics, 2017, 63, 41-52, http:// of Work Exposures and Health, 1(4), 194-206, http://dx.doi. doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.03.012 2017, 61(7), 902-906, https://doi. org/10.3934/Allergy.2017.4.194 org/10.1093/annweh/wxx047
58 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
McNally, K. et al A core-monitoring Poole, C. J. M. and Basu, S. Vaughan, J. and Rajan- Conference presentations based methodology for predictions of Systematic review: occupational Sithamparanadarajah, B. An graphite weight loss in AGR moderator illness in the waste and recycling assessment of the robustness of Atkinson, G. Gravity-driven flammable bricks. Nuclear Engineering and sector. Occupational Medicine, COSHH-Essentials (C-E) target airborne vapour clouds. IChemE Hazards 27, Design, 2017, 314, 56-66, http://doi. 2017, 67 (8), 626-636 http://dx.doi. concentration ranges 15 years on, and Birmingham, UK, 10-12 May 2017, Paper org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.12.032 org/10.1093/occmed/kqx153 their usefulness for determining control 3, http://www.icheme.org/~/media/ measures. Annals of Work Exposures Documents/Subject%20Groups/ McNally, K. et al Evidence for non- Sams, C. Urinary naphthol as a and Health, 2017, 61(3), 270-283, http:// Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20 linear metabolism at low benzene biomarker of exposure: results from doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx002 Archive/XXVII/XXVII-Paper-03.pdf exposures? a reanalysis of data. an oral exposure to carbaryl and Chemico-Biological Interactions, workers occupationally exposed to Wiggans, R. and Barber, C. Bell, J. and Williams, J. Evaluation 2017, 278, 256-268, https://doi. naphthalene. Toxics, 2017, 5(1), 3, http:// Metalworking fluids: a new cause and consolidation of the HEART human org/10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.002 dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics5010003 of occupational non-asthmatic reliability assessment principles. eosinophilic bronchitis. Thorax, International Conference on Applied Morton, J., Tan, E. and Suvarna, K. Stacey, P., Mader, K. and Sammon, 2017, 72(6), 579-580, http://dx.doi. Human Factors and Ergonomics: Multi-elemental analysis of human C. Feasibility of the quantification of org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208827 AHFE 2017: Advances in Human lung samples using inductively respirable crystalline silica by mass Error, Reliability, Resilience and coupled plasma mass spectrometry. on aerosol sampling filters using Performance, Los Angeles, California, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine Raman microscopy. Journal of Raman USA, 17-21 July 2017, 3-12, http://doi. and Biology, 2017, 43, 63-71, http:// Spectroscopy, 2017, 48(5), 720-725, org/10.1007/978-3-319-60645-3_1 doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.11.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5113 Blanc-Vannet, P et al Fire tests carried Parker, R. et al Measuring wildland Stephens, R. et al Does familial risk for out in FCH JU Firecomp project, fire fighter performance with wearable alcohol use disorder predict alcohol recommendations and applications technology. Applied Ergonomics, hangover? Psychopharmacology, to safety of gas storage systems. 2017, 59 (A), 34-44, http://doi. 2017, 234(12), 1795-1802, http://dx.doi. ICHS 2017: The 7th International org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.08.018 org/10.1007/s00213- 017- 4585 -x Conference on Hydrogen Safety, Hamburg, Germany, 11-13 Sept 2017 Poole, J. The Stockholm Workshop Todea, A. et al Inter-comparison of Scale 30 years on - is it still fit for personal monitors for nanoparticles purpose? Occupational Medicine, exposure at workplaces and 2017, 67 (3), 236-237, http://dx.doi. in the environment. Science org/10.1093/occmed/kqx016 in the Total Environment, 2017, 605-606, 929-945, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.041
59 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Butler, C. and Bell, J. Worker fatigue Goff, R. and Holroyd, J. Development Skjold, T. et al, ID225, Blind-prediction: Published conference risk management in practice: benefits of a creeping change HAZID estimating the consequences of abstracts and posters and challenges. IChemE Hazards 27, methodology. IChemE Hazards 27, vented hydrogen deflagrations for Birmingham, UK, 10-12 May 2017, Paper Birmingham, UK, 10-12 May 2017, homogeneous mixtures in a 20-foot ISO Atkinson, R. Control of respirable 28, http://www.icheme.org/~/media/ Paper 61, http://www.icheme.org/~/ container. International Conference crystalline silica in construction work. Documents/Subject%20Groups/ media/Documents/Conferences/ on Hydrogen Safety: ICHS 2017, OH2017, Harrogate. UK, 24-27 April 2017, Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20 Hazards%2027/Presentations/ Hamburg, Germany, 11-13 Sept 2017 http://www.oh-2018.com/files/2017/05/ Archive/XXVII/XXVII-Paper-28.pdf Friday/1405%20GOFF.pdf Session-8b-Atkinson-26.04.17-11.20.pdf Thorpe, A. and Pabby, S. Effectiveness Chambers, C., Hookham, S. and McKenna, B. et al Jack Rabbit II 2015 of oil mist detectors in relation to oil Barber, C., Late breaking abstract Clay, M. F. EU type certification of trials: preliminary comparison of the mist droplet size and concentration. - Farmer’s lung disease in a cohort non-standard electronic initiations experimental results against Drift and IChemE Hazards 27 Birmingham, of British Agricultural Workers. ERS systems used in blasting at mines and Phast dispersion model predictions. UK, 10-12 May 2017, Paper 21, : European Respiratory Society quarries. 43rd Annual Conference on IChemE Hazards 27, Birmingham, http://www.icheme.org/~/media/ International Congress 2017, Explosives and Blasting Technique, UK, 10-12 May 2017, Paper 4 Documents/Subject%20Groups/ 9-13 September 2017, 1216 Florida, USA, 29th Jan - 1 Feb 2017 Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20 Naylor, S. The causes of serious injuries Archive/XXVII/XXVII-Paper-21.pdf Baldwin, P., Crook, B. and Hall, Coldrick, S. How do we demonstrate to crew on UK commercial fishing S. Improving international health that a consequence model is fit- vessels: an investigation combining Tolias, I., et al ID233, Best practice risk control. OH2017, Harrogate, for-purpose? IChemE Hazards 27, free-text and coded data. International in numerical simulation and CFD UK, 24-27 April 2017, http://www. Birmingham, UK, 10-12 May 2017, Journal of Population Data Science: benchmarking. Results from the Susana oh-2018.com/files/2017/05/Session- Paper 1, http://www.icheme. Proceedings of the IPDLN Conference Project. International Conference 5a-Baldwin-25.04.17-15.30.pdf org/~/media/Documents/ (August 2016), 2017, 1(1),024, http:// on Hydrogen Safety 2017. ICHS 2017, Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_ dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v1i1.41 Hamburg, Germany, 11-13 Sept 2017 Baldwin, P. and Jones, K. Methods Prevention/Hazards%20Archive/ to assess diesel engine emission XXVII/XXVII-Paper-01.pdf Potter, R. and Holroyd, J. Offshore Wardman, M., Wilday, J. and Cusco, (DEEE) exposure. IPXII : Inhaled critical barrier identification: L. Development of the Singapore Particles XII, Glasgow, UK, 25- Garcia, M., Wardman, M. and management of their continuing QRA Guidelines. IChemE Hazards 27 September 2017, https://ipxii. Wilday, A. J. Novel application suitability and their verification. 27 Birmingham, UK, 10-12 May 2017, mira.cx/wp-content/uploads/ of the bow tie technique for the IChemE Hazards 27, Birmingham, Paper 54, http://www.icheme.org/~/ sites/47/2017/10/Peter-E-J-Baldwin-.pdf analysis of the NFPA 59A standard. UK, 10-12 May 2017, Paper 40, media/Documents/Conferences/ IChemE Hazards 27, Birmingham, http://www.icheme.org/~/media/ Hazards%2027/Presentations/ UK, 10-12 May 2017, Paper 45 Documents/Subject%20Groups/ Friday/1055%20WARDMAN.pdf Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20 Archive/XXVII/XXVII-Paper-40.pdf
60 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Bradshaw, L. P225 Personal Clayton, M. Improving the quality Griffin, P. Fit testing guidance. OH2017, Smith, G. Galvanising: health risks perception and impact of work of respiratory fit testing.OH2017 , Harrogate, UK, 24-27 April 2017, http:// and assessment. OH2017, Harrogate. aggravated asthma. Thorax, 2017, Harrogate. UK, 24-27 April 2017, http:// www.oh-2018.com/files/2017/05/ UK, 24-27 April 2017, http://www.oh- 72, A206, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ www.oh-2018.com/files/2017/05/ Session-4b-Griffin-25.04.17-2pm.pdf 2018.com/oh2017-presentations/ thoraxjnl-2017-210983.367 Session-15a-Clayton-NEW-1.pdf Hall, S. An assessment of occupational Stacey, P. How much wood is in that Chaplin, Z. et al Modelling Cummings, K. et al Occupational exposure to metal powders used for dust? the determination of wood in flammable chemical major hazards contribution to idiopathic pulmonary additive manufacturing (AM). OH2017, construction dusts. OH2017, Harrogate. using DRIFT 3 dispersion model. fibrosis.American Journal of Harrogate. UK, 24-27 April 2017 UK, 24-27 April 2017, http://www.oh- IChemE Hazards 27, Birmingham, Respiratory and Critical Care 2018.com/oh2017-presentations/ UK, 10-12 May 2017, Posters 2, Medicine: ATS 2017, American Hutchings, S. et al 0365 Estimation http://www.icheme.org/~/media/ Thoracic Society 2017 International of the burden of chronic obstructive Stacey, P. A miniature sampler for Documents/Subject%20Groups/ Conference, Washington, USA, 19- pulmonary disease due to occupation in-mask workplace measurements: Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20 24 May 2017, May 2017, A7009 in Great Britain. Occupational & first pilot test and site visit experiences. Archive/XXVII/XXVII-Poster-02.pdf Environmental Medicine: Eliminating OH2017, Harrogate. UK, 24-27 De Matteis, S. et al 0024 The Occupational Disease: Translating April 2017, http://www.oh-2018. Chen, Y., Fishwick, D. and Curran, occupations at increased COPD risk Research into Action, EPIOCH 2017 com/oh2017-presentations/ A. 0433 Towards an ideal national in the large population-based UK 28-31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK, Aug. work-related ill health surveillance biobank cohort. Occupational & 2017, 74(Suppl 1), A5, http://dx.doi. Wiggans, R. et al S105 Respiratory system in Great Britain. Occupational Environmental Medicine: Eliminating org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.300 symptoms, lung function and & Environmental Medicine: Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating sensitisation across different exposure Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPIOCH 2017 Keen, C., Beattie, H. and Gyte, A. Dust groups of British woodworkers. Research into Action, EPIOCH 28-31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK, Aug. exposure associated with industrial Thorax. Winter BTS 2017, Queen 2017 28-31 August 2017, Edinburgh, 2017, 74(Suppl 1), A114, http://dx.doi. cleaning activities. OH2017, Harrogate. Elizabeth II Centre, London, UK, 6-8 UK, Aug. 2017, A137, http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.14 UK, 24-27 April 2017, http://www.oh- Dec 2017, A63-A64, http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.358 2018.com/oh2017-presentations/ org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.111 Gibson, M. Asbestos analysts Clayton, M. Future RPE standards inspection programme 2014/2015. Rajan, B. Applying exposure - changes and challenges. OH2017, Harrogate. UK, 24-27 April 2017, intelligence - new ways of thinking OH2017, Harrogate, UK, 24-27 http://www.oh-2018.com/files/2017/05/ for a better return on investment. April 2017, http://www.oh-2018. Session-7a-Gibson-26.04.17-09.45.pdf OH2017, Harrogate. UK, 24-27 com/files/2017/05/Session-4b- April 2017, http://www.oh-2018. Clayton-25.04.17-14.00-NEW.pdf com/oh2017-presentations/
61 / 63 HSE Annual Science Review 2018
Trade and professional Book chapters Reports written for other organisations Bishop, B. Editorial: Building a culture BELL, N., Factors influencing the of evaluation. The Evaluator, 2017, 3-4 implementation of RPE programs WHO guidelines on protecting workers in the workplace. In: Handbook of from potential risks of manufactured Clayton, M. Focus on PPE: breathe Respiratory Protection: Safeguarding nanomaterial. Geneva, World easy with RPE. Health and Safety against current and emerging hazards, Health Organization, 2017, ISBN 978- at Work, 2017, https://www. edited by L. Racz, D. Yamamoto, & R. 9241550048 http://apps.who.int/iris/bits healthandsafetyatwork.com/dust- Eninger, CRC Press, 2017, Chapter 8. tream/10665/259671/1/9789241550048- protection/breathe-easy-rpe eng.pdf
Codling, A. and Fox, D. Current Pitts, P., et al Hand-arm vibration: practices in noise health exposure to isolated and repeated surveillance. Occupational Health shock vibrations - Review of the at Work, 2017, 14(2), 31-35 International Expert Workshop 2015 in Beijing (IFA Report 5/2017e). Coldrick, S. Development of a Berlin, Germany, DGUV, 2017, ISBN model evaluation protocol for 978-3864231988 http://www.dguv. hydrogen applications. FABIG de/medien/ifa/en/pub/rep/ Newsletter, 70, 2017, 26-31 pdf/reports-2017/rep0517e.pdf
Goff, R. What to do about creeping change? The Chemical Engineer, 2017, 917
62 / 63 Annual Science Review 2018 Our scientists, engineers, physicians and analysts use their extensive expertise, knowledge and capability to make a positive impact on the working world. This review uses case studies to describe the contribution their work makes to helping Great Britain work well.