Background to the Environmental Assessment (EA)

E1952 v1 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA JIANGSU PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK

Public Disclosure Authorized

JIANGSU WATER & WASTEWATER PROJECT

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Public Disclosure Authorized SEPTEMBER 2008 No. 2 07 0015

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA JIANGSU PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK

JIANGSU WATER & WASTEWATER PROJECT

DESIGN REVIEW & ADVISORY SERVICES

CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

This document has been produced SOGREAH China as part of a contract for preparation of consolidated feasibility study report and environment assessment report for Jiangsu Provincial PMO (Job Number 2 07 0015).

This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with ISO9001.

APPROVED BY Index PURPOSE OF MODIFICATION DATE AUTHOR CHECKED BY (PROJECT MANAGER)

A First Issue 23/09/2008 ZK/LXX GDM GDM

Index DISTRIBUTION LIST CONTACT ADDRESS

1 Jiangsu Provincial PMO [email protected]

[email protected] 2 The World Bank [email protected]

3 SOGREAH China Head Office [email protected]

THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1. Jiangsu Water and Wastewater Project (JSW&WP) ...... 1 1.1.1. Jiangsu Province ...... 1 1.1.2. Main Environmental Issues and Strategic Environmental Framework...... 2 1.1.3. Projects Supported by the World Bank and others...... 3 1.1.4. JSW&WP PPMO...... 4

1.2. Background to the Environmental Assessment (EA) ...... 4 1.2.1. Classification of Consolidated EA...... 4 1.2.2. Preparation of the Consolidated EA ...... 4 1.2.3. Environmental Assessment Process...... 7

1.3. Layout of the Consolidated EA Report ...... 8

2. INSTITUTIONAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 9

2.1. Environmental Institutions and Roles ...... 9 2.1.1. National Level: Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC (MEP)...... 9 2.1.2. Local Level ...... 9

2.2. Applicable Laws & Regulations (details provided in Appendix 2) ...... 9 2.2.1. Framework for EIA...... 9 2.2.2. Environmental Quality Standards...... 10 2.2.3. Water Quality Standards...... 10 2.2.4. Pollution Discharge Standards...... 10

2.3. World Bank Safeguards...... 11

3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FRAMEWORK ...... 12

3.1. Main Environmental Issues in Jiangsu...... 12 3.1.1. Water Scarcity and Water Pollution ...... 12 3.1.2. Air Pollution ...... 13 3.1.3. Industrial Pollution ...... 13 3.1.4. Waste Management...... 13 3.1.5. Wetland and Natural Habitat ...... 13

3.2. Planning and Policies Relevant to JSW&WP ...... 14 3.2.1. Urban Master Plans...... 14 3.2.2. National Cleaner Production Program...... 16 3.2.3. General Water Management Strategy...... 16 3.2.4. Pricing of Services...... 16 3.2.5. Promotion of the Reuse of Water ...... 16 3.2.6. Water and Soil Conservation ...... 16

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3.2.7. Water Resources Planning, Yangtze river Conservancy Commission ...... 17

3.3. Environmental Quality Objectives...... 17 3.3.1. Water Quality Requirements of Receiving Water Bodies ...... 17 3.3.2. Wastewater Discharges...... 17 3.3.3. Air Quality objectives...... 18 3.3.4. Noise...... 18

3.4. Projects Compliance with National and Municipal Strategies ...... 18

4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ...... 19

4.1. Physical Environment ...... 19 4.1.1. General – Jiangsu Province ...... 19 4.1.2. Climate...... 19 4.1.3. Local Topography and Hydrology...... 20 4.1.4. Surface Water Quality ...... 20 4.1.5. Groundwater ...... 22 4.1.6. Soils ...... 22 4.1.7. Seismic Risk ...... 23

4.2. Ecology...... 23 4.2.1. Wetlands ...... 23 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology & Fisheries...... 23 4.2.3. Terrestrial Vegetation & Wildlife, protected or restricted areas around JSW&WP subprojects...... 24

4.3. Socio-economic Environment ...... 24 4.3.1. Population...... 24 4.3.2. Mineral Resources, Agriculture, Energy and Industry ...... 24 4.3.3. Revenue ...... 25 4.3.4. Physical Cultural Resources ...... 25 4.3.5. Air Quality...... 26 4.3.6. Noise...... 28 4.3.7. Industrial Pollution Sources (key polluters, main products, main pollutants, on-site treatment facilities, environmental legislative compliance) ...... 28 4.3.8. Industrial Zones ...... 31

4.4. Location and Environment of the Future Construction Sites ...... 32

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE JSW&WP SUBPROJECTS ...... 36

5.1. Subproject Objectives ...... 36

5.2. Subproject Contents...... 36

5.3. Water Supply Subprojects...... 37

5.4. Wastewater Subprojects ...... 40

6. IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION...... 44

6.1. Impact Screening ...... 44

6.2. Main Expected benefits from JSW&WP...... 46 6.2.1. General...... 46 6.2.2. Public Health and Quality of Life...... 46

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6.2.3. Reduction of Flood Risk...... 46 6.2.4. Pollution Abatement ...... 46 6.2.5. Benefits to Water Resources...... 50

6.3. Impact Analysis and Mitigation for Project Location...... 50 6.3.1. Land Acquisition and Resettlement...... 50 6.3.2. Impact on Ecology...... 50 6.3.3. Impact on Historical and Cultural Values...... 54 6.3.4. Impact on Landscape ...... 54

6.4. Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Construction ...... 55 6.4.1. Nuisances from Earthworks and Spoil – Spoil Management Plan ...... 55 6.4.2. Impact on Air Quality and Mitigation ...... 59 6.4.3. Noise from Transport and Use of Heavy Machinery...... 60 6.4.4. Impact on Water Quality...... 61 6.4.5. Off-site Public Safety and Inconvenience ...... 61 6.4.6. Management of Waste on Construction Sites...... 62 6.4.7. End of Construction and Closure of Camps ...... 62

6.5. Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Construction ...... 62 6.5.1. Impact on Noise during Operation of WTP and WWTPs ...... 62 6.5.2. Impact on Air Quality during Operation of WTP and WWTPs ...... 66 6.5.3. Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality during Operation of WTP and WWTPs ...... 67

6.6. Management of Sludge and Waste from WTPs and WWTPs...... 70 6.6.1. Sludge and Waste from Water Treatment Plants...... 70 6.6.2. Sludge and Waste from Wastewater Components...... 71 6.6.3. Risk related to Sludge Management ...... 76

6.7. Other Risks and Occupational Health and Safety Issues...... 76 6.7.1. Resettlement Issues...... 76 6.7.2. Insufficient Wastewater Collection ...... 76 6.7.3. Occupational Health and Safety ...... 77

7. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES...... 78

7.1. Alternative without Project ...... 78

7.2. Alternatives for the Water Supply Components...... 78 7.2.1. Impacts Comparison in terms of Siting, Processes, Disposal Methods, Routes, Costs, etc...... 78

7.3. Alternatives for the Wastewater Components ...... 81

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)...... 88

8.1. Objectives of the EMP...... 88

8.2. EMP Preparation...... 88

8.3. Layout of the EMP Report ...... 88

8.4. Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 89 8.4.1. Main Impact Data ...... 89 8.4.2. Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 92 8.4.3. Chance-Find Procedures...... 98 8.4.4. Spoil and Sludge Management Plan ...... 99

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8.5. Subproject Organisation for Environmental Protection...... 99 8.5.1. Introduction ...... 99 8.5.2. Environmental Management Institution and Its Responsibilities ...... 100 8.5.3. Organisation for Environmental Protection During Construction ...... 100 8.5.4. Organisation for Environmental Protection During Operation...... 102 8.5.5. Training - Required Strengthening of Capabilities and Means...... 103

8.6. Monitoring Program ...... 104 8.6.1. Environmental Monitoring organizations...... 104 8.6.2. Monitoring Program during Construction ...... 104 8.6.3. Monitoring Program during Operation...... 105 8.6.4. Monitoring Program for Acceptance after Completion ...... 105 8.6.5. Environmental Monitoring Reporting ...... 106

8.7. Budget Estimates and Source of Funds ...... 106 8.7.1. Distribution of Budget ...... 106 8.7.2. Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 107 8.7.3. Tentative Budgets ...... 108

8.8. General Reporting and Information for the EMP...... 109 8.8.1. Exchange of Information ...... 109 8.8.2. Records ...... 109 8.8.3. Reporting ...... 110

9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE...... 111

9.1. Summary ...... 111

9.2. Public Consultation ...... 112 9.2.1. Details per Subproject...... 112 9.2.2. Activities and Results ...... 118

9.3. Information Disclosure...... 129

10. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 131

10.1. Project Justification...... 131

10.2. Summary of Environmental Impacts...... 131

10.3. Conclusions for Sub-projects...... 132 10.3.1. Yancheng WS...... 132 10.3.2. Taixing WS...... 132 10.3.3. Danyang WS...... 133 10.3.4. Nanjing Qiaobei WW ...... 133 10.3.5. Nanjing Tiebei WW...... 133 10.3.6. Nanjing Chengbei WW ...... 134 10.3.7. Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou & Jianbi WW...... 134 10.3.8. Zhenjiang Dingmao WW...... 134 10.3.9. Taixing Huangqiao WW...... 135

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APPENDICES Appendix 1 Project Maps and Fact Sheets Appendix 2 Environmental Standards Appendix 3 Monitoring Data Appendix 4 Site-specific Monitoring Programs Appendix 5 Models Appendix 6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures Associated With Subprojects Location

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Summary of Environmental Projects Financed by the Bank and Other Financing Agencies... 3 Table 1-2: Summary of EA Documentations...... 5 Table 3-1: Targets for Drinking Water Supply coverage Ratio in Rural Areas ...... 15 Table 3-2: Water Resources in Jiangsu Province...... 17 Table 4-1: local Climate Conditions in the proposed project Areas ...... 19 Table 4-2: Surface Water Quality in the proposed Project Area...... 21 Table 4-3: Anti-seimic Intensity in the Proposed Project Area...... 23 Table 4-4: Population in Subproject Cities/Municipalities ...... 24 Table 4-5: Main Resources in the Proposed Area ...... 24 Table 4-6: Annual Revenue per capita/household...... 25 Table 4-7: Cultural and archaeological values identified in the subproject EIA reports...... 25 Table 4-8: Baseline Air Quality in the Proposed Project Areas ...... 27 Table 4-9: Baseline Noise in the Proposed Project Areas...... 28 Table 4-10: Summary of industrial pollution source related with the Jiangsu WW subprojects ...... 30 Table 4-11: Distance to residential area and land use in/around the site...... 32 Table 4-12: Summary of typical sensitive receivers affected by Jiangsu WW&WS Project...... 33 Table 4-13 protection target associated with water environment（DingMao WW）...... 35 Table 5-1: Project owners and future project implementing and operation agencies ...... 36 Table 5-2: Summary of WS components and their associated Facilities...... 38 Table 5-3: Summary of WW components and their associated Facilities...... 41 Table 6-1: Estimation of Pollution Abatement achieved by New/ Extended WWTPs...... 47 Table 6-2: Pollution Abatement Achieved by Extended WTPs...... 48 Table 6-3: Reduction of pollutant loads to the environment...... 49 Table 6-4: Data on the Spoil generated during Construction...... 57 Table 6-5: Noise Intensity of Major Construction Equipment Unit dB(A) ...... 60 Table 6-6: Noise projection during operation of WTPs ...... 63 Table 6-7: Noise projection during operation of WWTPs...... 64 Table 6-8: Determination of Buffer Zone...... 66 Table 6-9: Basic Information on accociated WS Subprojects...... 67 Table 6-10: Basic Information on Water Sources ...... 68 Table 6-11: Estimated sludge generation from WTPs (data from individual EIAs)...... 70 Table 6-12: Proposed management of the sludge generated from WTPs ...... 71 Table 6-13: Estimated sludge generation from WWTPs (Data from in dividual EIAs)...... 71 Table 6-14: Solid waste generation from the WWTPs ...... 72 Table 6-15: Estimated composition of sludge from WWTPs...... 73 Table 6-16: Summary of sludge disposal in Jiangsu WW subprojects...... 74 Table 6-17: Description of Sanitary Landfills for WWTP and WTPs sludge ...... 75 Table 6-18: General information on the Chengdong Landfill Site...... 75 Table 6-19: Biomass management in WWTP subprojects ...... 76 Table 7-1: Alternatives for water Supply Components...... 79 Table 7-2: alternatives for the Wastewater Component...... 81 Table 8-1: Estimate of earthworks generated during construction (source: EIAs) ...... 89 Table 8-2: Summary of waste material to be disposed of (excluding construction waste)...... 90 Table 8-3: Reduction of pollutant loads to the environment with JSW&WP ...... 91 Table 8-4: Summary of Main Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 92 Table 8-5: Cost Estimate of Environmental Monitoring...... 108 Table 8-6 Summary of EMP cost estimates provided in subproject EMP reports (Unit 104 RMB)...... 108 Table 9-1: Details on the Public Consultation Process...... 113 Table 9-2: Summary of Activities and results from the Public Consultation (First Round) ...... 119 Table 9-3: Summary of Activities and Results from the Public Consultation (Second Round) ...... 122 Table 9-4: details on Information Disclosure of Each Sub-Component (two rounds)...... 129

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Location of Jiangsu Province in China ...... 1 Figure 1-2: Location of Project Cities in Jiangsu Province...... 2 Figure 3-1: Main water bodies in Jiangsu Province ...... 12 Figure 4-1: Photos of Future Site of Jianbi WWTP ...... 31 Figure 6-1: Location of Sewage Outfall and Protection Zone Associated with Dingmao WWTP in Zhenjiang Municipality...... 53 Figure 6-2: Photos of Future Site of Huangqiao WWTP ...... 54 Figure 8-1: Environmental Protection Institution Structure during Construction...... 101 Figure 8-2: Environmental Protection Institution Structure during Operation ...... 102

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ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS

BOT Built, Operate & Transfer CEA Consolidated Environmental Assessment CSEE Construction Supervision Environmental Engineer CSE Construction Supervision Engineer CSEMP Construction Site Environmental Management Plan DI Design Institute DRA Design Review and Advisory (services) EA Environmental Assessment EFSI Environmental Field Site Inspectors EMC Environmental Management Coordinator EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EPB Environmental Protection Bureau (of SEPA) ESU Environmental Supervision Unit JSW&WP Jiangsu Water Supply & Wastewater Project MEP Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC NCP Nuisance Control Plan PO Project Owner PIU Project Implementation Unit PMO Project Management Office PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRC People’s Republic of China SE Supervision Engineer SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration (now MEP) SRS Standard Site Inspection Review Sheet WB World Bank WTP Water Treatment Plant WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

CURRENCIES & OTHER UNITS MU Area Unit (0.0667 ha) RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Exchange rate: 1 USD = 6.85 RMB CHEMICAL ABBREVIATIONS A²/O Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic biologic phosphorus & nitrogen removal BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days) COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COD Cr COD measured through reduction with dichromate acid COD Mn Permanganate index. It gives indication on organic matter content measured through reduction by permanganate acid. Always lower than COD Cr NH3-N Ammonia Nitrogen SS Suspended Solids TP Total Phosphorus TSS (or TSP) Total Suspended Solids (or Total Suspended Particulates)

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This Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report has been produced by Sogreah China for the preparation of the proposed World Bank financed Jiangsu Water and Wastewater Project. It has been done on the basis of individual EA and EMP reports made by Hohai University, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences and Nanjing Academy of Environmental Sciences (see table below), and has been reviewed by Jiangsu World Bank Projects Management Office.

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EIA Institutes for Subprojects under Jiangsu Water and Wastewater Project

No. Project Location Name of Subproject EA Consultant 1 Yancheng Regional Water Supply Project Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Yancheng Municipality Sciences 2 Taixing Regional Water Supply Project Taixing City 3 Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Project 4 Danyang Regional Water Supply Project Danyang City 5 Danyang Shicheng Wastewater Project Hohai University 6 Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Wastewater Project 7 Zhenjiang Jianbi Wastewater Project Zhenjiang Municipality 8 Zhenjiang Dingmao Wastewater Project 9 Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Supply Project 10 Nanjing Qiaobei Wastewater Project Nanjing Academy of Environmental 11 Nanjing Municipality Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater Project Sciences 12 Nanjing Chengbei Wastewater Project

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background

The Province of Jiangsu has undergone rapid economic development over the past three decades resulting in rapid urban and industrial development and increasing demand of water supply, wastewater treatment and environmental protection. Jiangsu Provincial Government has been aware of the need to address these problems, and is requesting WB assistance in designing and implementing a project that will effectively strengthen the capacity to optimize the utilization of water resource and reduce water pollution, which, in turn, may serve as pilot or demonstration for further development of other cities/regions. This is particularly consistent with Provincial Master Plan which aims for a balanced development and improved infrastructure services.

To preserve local water resources, the provincial EPB and other authorities concerned have also implemented a series of pollution control and reduction measures. According to the local regulations, notably the Notification Document [2007] No.63:

z Effluents from WWTPs (either newly constructed or reconstructed/extended) should comply with both Class ⅠA of GB18918-2002 Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants (e.g. COD≤50mg/L, BOD5≤10mg/L SS≤10mg/L, Hg≤ 0,001mg/L, etc)and GB8978-1996 (national Comprehensive Standard for Wastewater Discharge);

z The quality of wastewater discharged from the industrial enterprises in the urban area of the cities shall strictly comply with the national Comprehensive Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB8978-1996) and the standard issued by the Ministry of Construction – Quality of Sewage Water Discharged into Urban Sewers (CJ3082-1999).

In this context, the proposed Jiangsu Water Supply and Wastewater Project(JSW&WP) is designed to enhance infrastructure services and support urban growth and economic development in Jiangsu Province.

Project Description

In accordance with PRC National Regulations and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 related to Environmental Assessment, and following the suggestions given by experts from the World Bank, a “Category B - Consolidated EA” has been carried out on the whole Jiangsu Project including 12 components (4 water supply and 8 wastewater components), which are considered as parts of the Project in 3 municipalities (namely Nanjing, Yancheng and Zhenjiang) and 2 county-level cities (Taixing and Danyang). Each component is summarised in the table below.

TABLE 1: COMPONENTS OF JSW&WP

No. Project Location Name of Subproject 1 Yancheng Municipality Yancheng Regional Water Supply Project 2 Taixing Regional Water Supply Project Taixing City 3 Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Project

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No. Project Location Name of Subproject 4 Danyang Regional Water Supply Project Danyang City 5 Danyang Shicheng Wastewater Project 6 Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Wastewater Project 7 Zhenjiang Jianbi Wastewater Project Zhenjiang Municipality 8 Zhenjiang Dingmao Wastewater Project 9 Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Supply Project 10 Nanjing Qiaobei Wastewater Project 11 Nanjing Municipality Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater Project 12 Nanjing Chengbei Wastewater Project

The Implementation of the Project will increase water supply capacity by 410,000 m3/d and wastewater treatment capacity by 225,000 m3/d, construct raw water transfer pipeline of 34.3 km, clean water distribution pipelines of 1882.4km and sewer pipelines of 277.70 km. The total investment for this Project is estimated to be 3.13 billion RMB, with 150 million USD to be financed by WB.

For the environmental assessment documents, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Academy of Environmental Sciences and Hohai University have been engaged in preparing the individual EIA/EMP documents.

Environmental Assessment

Environmental Policy Framework. Jiangsu Province is now in a rapid urbanization period. In order to facilitate this process in a sustainable way, the urban development master plan of Jiangsu (Jiangsu City and Town System Strategic Plan) has put forward the reorganization of the current city and township situation. Some towns will be integrated together or merged with cities nearby. It has been decided by the year of 2020, the total number of towns in Jiangsu shall be decreased from 2000 to about 650.

Environmental Baselines. Jiangsu is very flat and low-lying, with plains covering 68 percent of its total area (water covers another 18 percent).The Jinghang Grand Canal of China cuts through Jiangsu from north to south, traversing all the east-west river systems. Jiangsu also borders the Yellow Sea. The Yangtze River, the longest river of China, flows through the province in the south and reaches the East China Sea. Large lakes in Jiangsu include Tai Lake (the largest), Hongze Lake, Gaoyou Lake, Luoma Lake, and Yangcheng Lake1.

The water quality of water bodies involved in this project is mainly classified as Class Ⅱ or Ⅲ following the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB3838-2002. However, some water bodies, such as Yuejinzhong Ditch (Taixing WS Component) and Xingwu Ditch (Tiebei WW Component) have unsatisfactory water quality, which are classified as Class Ⅴ.

In general, SO2, NO2, TSP/PM10 concentrations in the proposed project areas are compliant with the Class Ⅱ Standard (Ambient Air Quality Standard GB3095-1996); H2S and NH3-N concentrations are compliant with the Hygiene Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises TJ36-79; odour level is compliant with the Class Ⅱ Standard (Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban WWTP GB18918-2002) or the Class Ⅱ Standard (Emission Standard for Odorous Pollutants GB14554-93).

1 Data Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

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For each subproject, assessment of the current acoustic environmental quality has been performed in the affected areas. The monitoring parameter is equivalent continuous noise level Leq (A). The noise levels are compliant with the Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area GB3096-1993 or the Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises GB12348-90.

Potential Environmental Impacts and Planned Mitigation Measures. The major potential adverse environmental impacts during both construction and operation periods include noise, odour, dust, traffic congestion, sludge disposal. The potential impacts have been analysed and described in the individual EA reports and CEA. Specific environmental mitigation measures (see Section 8.4.2) have been defined and will be implemented to minimize these adverse impacts identified.

In particular, the sludge generated from three WWTPs (Qiaobei, Tiebei and Chengbei WWTPs) in Nanjing Municipalities will be sent to Xiexin Power Plant for specific disposal while the sludge generated from the three WWTPs in Zhenjiang are proposed to be landfilled in the Chengdong Landfill Site, the extension of which has been in process and will be put into use by 2010 as planned. The sludge generated from Huangqiao WWTP in Taixing City will be sent to Covanta Thermal Power Co., Ltd for incineration. The construction of new incinerator with a capacity of 350t/d started from January 2008. The incinerator will be put into use by the end of December 2008.

According to individual EA’s, there are no physical cultural relics within the proposed construction sites. However, some historical relics are close to the construction sites, for which, measures have been proposed in the EMP documents concerned with minimizing minimize the possible impact of construction activities.

Meanwhile, the project will not involve any destruction or impact upon natural habitats. The selected project sites have no particular ecological value. The natural habitat for the protected species such as dolphin and Chinese sturgeon within the defined protection zone will not be affected by the effluent generated from project sites. For the subproject in DingMao, the proposed sites are not located in the Nature Protection Testing Zone of Yangtze River Dolphin, 4.5km away. To assess the impacts on environmental quality and ecological function of the Nature Protection Testing Zone of Yangtze River Dolphin, a 2-D hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the impact on the natural reserve for the dolphin under four scenarios, together with the impact analysis in terms of aquatic environment, air quality and noise level. It has been shown that there will be no impact under both normal operation and accidental discharge conditions.

Land Acquisition and Resettlement. According to the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) prepared by Hohai University on July 14th 2008, permanent land acquisition involved in Jiangsu Project is required for 10 subprojects.

According to RAP, totally 56 ha (35 ha of collectively owned land and 21 ha of state-owned) land will be permanently acquired for the construction of WTPs, WWTPs and pumping stations, which will affect 128 households (446 persons).

Demolition of 82 shops and 11 enterprises will affect the incomes of 619 persons. 128 residential houses (442 persons) and 39 illegal residential houses (461 persons) will be displaced. In total, the project will thus permanently affect 1522 persons.

In addition, 345.24ha of land will be temporarily used, affecting 412 households (3433 persons).

Project Alternatives. Alternatives (including the no-project alternative) have been assessed for each subcomponent in terms of the possible environmental impacts associated with the siting, technical process, disposal methods, pipeline routes, costs.

In this part of CEA report, the basis for selecting the particular project design proposed has been stated and recommended emission levels and approaches to pollution prevention and abatement has clearly justified.

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Environmental Management Plan

A stand alone Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for each subcomponent, formulating the mitigation measures for the possible environmental impacts as per related EIA. Each EMP covers the description of monitoring programs, the detailed mitigation measures, management organization, responsibilities, capacity building, cost estimates and sources of the funds, as well as general regime for information exchange and reporting.

All EMP issues and activities have been described in Appendix 6. This table contains the mitigation and monitoring measures as identified as well as the proposed responsible organizations.

Compliance of the EMP will be guaranteed by the coordinator (Provincial PMO) for environmental issues within each of the involved agencies. In addition, the Municipal EPB will on a regular basis control that the requirements in the EMPs will be followed, and the WB will during each supervision mission control that requirements are fulfilled.

Consultation and Disclosure

During the preparation of EA, main stakeholders were identified. As the first round of public consultation for JSW&WP, questionnaires were distributed with the typical contents such as the understanding of potential positive and negative impacts of the Project. As the second round of public consultation, the meetings for each subproject were held in different locations, with government, EA institutions, project owner, as well as with potentially affected communities and families.

In addition, for Zhenjiang Dingmao and Jianbi WW components, Zhenjiang Water Supply Company organised the project affected people to visit the existing Dantu WWTP on March 4th. Through the visits to on-site wastewater treatment facilities, gardens, greenbelts, resident representatives were well informed of the layout of WWTP, the misunderstanding of significant negative impacts of WWTP was cleared up.

Extensive public consultation indicated that most of the affected people had a positive attitude towards the Project. They also believed that the Project would benefit the local environment, living standard, and economic development. Negative opinions on the Project focused on the local noise level, odour, and air pollution during the construction and operation of WTPs/WWTPs. The environmental mitigation measures have been identified to address these specific concerns.

During the first round of information disclosure, the intent of developing this Project, a brief project description has been shared from late 2007 to early 2008 with the general public on the relevant website or in local newspapers. During the second round of information disclosure, the general public could access the EIA report and EMP prepared by the EA consultants through the website, public library or local newspaper. According to the individual EIA reports, no rejection/disagreement has been received so far.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Based on the comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that the Project will reduce overall pollution loads to Yangtze River and other rivers. The situation of groundwater over-exploitation in some rural areas will also be rectified Through sewage treatment, in the short term total pollution abatement, in terms of COD is estimated to be 28844tons CODcr, 17787 tons suspended solids, 2269 tons NH3-N and 301 tons total phosphorus while in the long term, the WWTPs in Qiaobei, Tiebei, Zhengrunzhou, Dingmao, Jianbi and Huangqiao will remove an overall annual pollution load of about 39794tonsCODcr, 24744 tons suspended solids, 3181 tons NH3-N and 428 tons total phosphorus. For the extension projects of WTPs, after completion of construction, production waste drainage will be collected and reused; domestic waste will be transported to landfill site, slurry will be dewatered and the sludge will be landfilled

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 AUGUST 2008 PAGE 4 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT so that pollution by direct discharge of slurry into receiving water bodies could be alleviated. All of these will improve local water quality, contribute to environmental protection, and be beneficial to the health and living standards of local residents.

For the Jiangsu WS components, it is recommended that drinking water source protection zones should be established and classified in compliance with the specific regulations; monitoring of water quality in drinking water protection zones should be enhanced to understand the trend of changes in water quality and ensure the safeguard of water intake. Meanwhile contingency plan for chlorine leakage, especially for severe accidents will be adopted in case of pollution accidents

For the Jiangsu WW components, the following recommendations have been made in the individual EIA reports:

z selection of various parameters should be fully studied and identified. The adaptability at different temperatures should be considered, especially the denitrification at low temperature, to ensure that the effluents can meet the relevant discharge standards

z physicochemical treatment for removal of phosphorous should be applied prior to the biochemical treatment.

z studies on sludge utilization, minimization and sanitary disposal technologies should be enhanced, sludge should be used for agriculture, road construction and incineration as much as possible.

z one standby set of devices for odorous gas collection and treatment should be made available to minimize potential risks.

z greening measures, e.g. trees planting, should be taken in the project area to lessen the potential impacts of odour from the site.

z the relevant environmental protection measures should be listed in the proposal prepared by contractor; supervision agency should be entrusted to conduct supervision on environmental protection and be given appropriate financial compensation, and

z Three Synchronies Policy for construction projects should be implemented to minimize the negative impacts of this project on the environment.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. JIANGSU WATER AND WASTEWATER PROJECT (JSW&WP)

1.1.1. JIANGSU PROVINCE

As one of the most densely populated provinces of China, with a total area of 102,600 km2 and a population of 74.75 million by the end of 2006, Jiangsu Province is located in the centre of east China and downstream of Yangtze River and Huai River, adjacent to Yellow Sea in the east. As an important coastal province with rapid economic growth, Jiangsu Province's overall economic strength has been in the forefront of China, with its annual increase of GDP over 10% in recent years,. It is also one of the lowest-lying provinces in China; featured by plain terrain, and abundant water systems with more than 2,900 rivers, 300 lakes and 1100 reservoirs. The area of plain and water surface accounts for 69% and 17% of the total province, respectively.

FIGURE 1-1: LOCATION OF JIANGSU PROVINCE IN CHINA

Jiangsu has undergone rapid economic development over the past three decades, which results in rapid urban and industrial development and increasing demand for water supply, wastewater treatment and environmental protection. Jiangsu Provincial Government has been

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aware of the need to address these problems, and is requesting WB assistance in designing and implementing a project that will effectively strengthen the capacity to optimize the utilization of water resources and reduce water pollution, which, in turn, may serve as pilot or demonstration for further development of other cities/regions. This is particularly consistent with the Provincial Master Plan which aims for a balanced development and improved infrastructure services.

FIGURE 1-2: LOCATION OF PROJECT CITIES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

1.1.2. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK

For the water supply components, the major problems are: • Poor status of water supply system in towns; • Over exploitation of groundwater, causing land subsidence; • Poor quality of raw water (both surface water and groundwater); • Single raw water source; • Lack of risk management system for emergency events • Obsolete facilities; • Water intake exposed to sludge water discharged from the WTP itself; • Poor quality of service water; • Health risk resulting from the poor quality of drinking water supply;

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• Waste of good quality raw water due to the lack of master plan

To improve the water service and eliminate the negative impact on groundwater, the abstraction of groundwater as a source of drinking water supply will be banned and township WTPs will be shutdown to switch to the centralized municipal water supply system, so as to achieve the optimization of water resource utilization and provide quality drinking water to the general public and in particular the rural population.

While for the sewerage components, the key issues are: • Low connection rate of sewage • Low efficiency of treatment • Discharge without treatment resulting in serious water pollution

To rehabilitate the water environment, separate drainage systems will be constructed to collect the wastewater, and the industrial wastewater will be treated efficiently before being discharged into the water bodies.

1.1.3. PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY THE WORLD BANK AND OTHERS

The World Bank has strongly contributed to the environmental efforts in Jiangsu, particularly in the Tai Lake Basin, with a continuous financial support in the development of environmental works associated with wastewater treatment, water supply and municipal solid waste disposal. The following table details this contribution made so far:

TABLE 1-1: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE BANK AND OTHER FINANCING AGENCIES

Loan Project Value Project Components Term Loan No. (million US$) Wastewater treatment

z Wuxi Huishan -250,000 t/d

z Wuxi Xishan Dongting - from 20,000 to 50,000 t/d

z Wuxi Xishan Anzhen -25,000 t/d

z Suzhou Fuxing - WWTP extension (to total of 180,000t/d) Jiangsu Tai Basin 2004-2009 61 CHA-4748 Environment Project z Suzhou Loujiang -140,000 t/d

z Suzhou Wuzhong -40,000 t/d Municipality

z Wuxi Wuli Lake Rehabilitation (NBF)

z Control Gate Schemes on Xujiang and Shangtang Rivers

z River Dredging in Suzhou

z Zhengrunzhou Wastewater Interception System

Southern Jiangsu z Wuxi Drainage Company; 1994-2005 250 Environment Project z Changzhou Drainage Company;

z Zhenjiang Water Supply & Drainage Company;

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z Wuxi Xikai Package Material Plant;

z Xishan Chemical Regent Plant;

z Jiangying Xiangyang Manufacture Co.;

z Yixing Jiangzhou Bio-pharmaceutical Plant;

z Wuxi Qianzhou Dye Manufacture;

z Xishan Quanshan Chemical Plant;

z Wuxi Liquor Plant;

z Xishan Kaibao Magnetic Material Plant;

z Xishan Textile Plant;

z Wuxi No. 3 Steel Manufacture, etc.

z Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage Collection system & water transfer project ; ADB Nanjing z Chengdong Sewerage System; Nanjing Qinhuai z River rehabilitation; River Environmental 2006 100 Improvement z Water Environmental Rehabilitation of Project north Hexi area;

z Central urban area stormwater management project;

1.1.4. JSW&WP PPMO

In order to facilitate the implementation of Jiangsu Water Supply & Wastewater Project, Jiangsu Provincial Government has established its Provincial Project Management Office (PPMO) with two full time and one part-time staff from the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Construction.

1.2. BACKGROUND TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA)

1.2.1. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSOLIDATED EA

The proposed Jiangsu Water Supply and Wastewater Project is designed to enhance infrastructure services and support urban growth and economic development. 12 subproject components (4 water supply and 8 wastewater components) have been proposed for 5 cities/municipalities.

In accordance with PRC National Regulations and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 related to Environmental Assessment, and following the suggestions given by experts from the World Bank, a “Category B - Consolidated EA” has been carried out on the whole Jiangsu Project including water and wastewater components. This EA report provides a comprehensive analysis of project targets, specific impacts of the sub-components with their mitigation measures and EMP, as well as outlines for the dominant socio-economic improvements to the welfare of communities. This report is complemented by i) a Consolidated Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), and ii) Individual EA and EMP Reports for each subproject component.

1.2.2. PREPARATION OF THE CONSOLIDATED EA

The Project technical and financial preparation carried out by Chinese local organizations has been supported by international assistance to JSW&WP provided by SOGREAH China, the

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Design Review and Advisory Services (DRAS) Consultants to the PPMO that is responsible for the overall preparation of the project.

For the 12 subproject components, Design Institutes (DI’s) were appointed by the various Subproject Owners (POs) to carry out feasibility studies and to produce Feasibility Study Reports (FSR). For the environmental assessment documents, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Academy of Environmental Sciences and Hohai University have been engaged in preparing the individual EA/EMP documents with initial guidance from the World Bank.

The current Consolidated EA report is based on individual EA studies carried out for each subcomponent of the JSW&WP. Jiangsu Provincial EPB is responsible for review and approval of the individual EA reports according to Chinese regulations. Besides, according to World Bank safeguard requirements, the full EA reports (EIA and EMP in Chinese) for each subproject (12 in total) have been disclosed as summarized in the following table.

TABLE 1-2: SUMMARY OF EA DOCUMENTATIONS

No Name of the Document Project Component Covered in Document Date of the Date of Disclosure Document Disclosure Location

1 EIA Report for Yancheng Extension of Chengdong WTP from August 23rd January 9th- http://www.yccin.g Regional Water Supply 100,000m3/d to 200,000 m3/d; 2008 22nd 2008; ov.cn Project Construction of raw water transfer pipeline July 22nd- 10.5km (DN1400); August 4th 2008 Construction of clean water distribution network 58.2km (DN500-DN8000); EMP Report for Yancheng September Regional Water Supply Construction of one pumping station with a 2008 Project capacity of 50,000m3/d. Purchase of equipments for raw water pumping station (with capacity 100,000m3/d)

Construction of water distribution pipe 251 km (DN50-500) in LongGang; construction of water distribution pipe 345 km (DN50-1000) in Qinnan

2 EIA Report for Taixing Extension of Baota WTP from 40,000 m3/d to June 5th 2008 June 20th -30th http://www.taixing. Regional Water Supply 50,000m3/d; reconstruction of township water 2007; cn/ (Website of Project stations Taixing December 25th Municipality) EMP Report for Taixing Construction of clean water distribution trunk September 2007 – January Regional Water Supply 28.2km (DN600-800); 2008 5th 2008 Project Construction of clean water distribution pipeline 127.3km (DN300-800);

Huangqiao pumping station of 45,000m3/d (long term 65,000m3/d), Gensi pumping station of 15,000m3/d (long term 30,000m3/d), Zhangqiao pumping station of 20,000m3/d (long term 35,000m3/d), and extension of Heshi pumping station to 80,000m3/d

Construction of water distribution pipeline 955km (DN20-160) for LiuCheng, XinJie, XuanBao, HuZhuang, and MaDian

3 EIA Report for Zhenjiang Jinshan WTP extension of 200,000m3/d, June 2008 December 1st - http://www.zjsjsw.c Regional Water Supply normal treatment process, 200,000 m3/d 10th 2007 n

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No Name of the Document Project Component Covered in Document Date of the Date of Disclosure Document Disclosure Location

EMP Report for Zhenjiang sludge wastewater treatment system; June 2008 June 12th 2008; (Website of Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Supply Construction of raw water intake station with a Construction Project capacity of 100,000 m3/d (200,000m3/d); Authority); Construction of raw water transfer pipeline Library of 300m (DN1600); Zhenjiang Construction of clean water transfer pipeline Municipality 8.6km (DN1000-1200)

Construction of water distribution pipeline 69km (DN63-200) and renovation of household connections & water meters for 9500 households in XinFeng & Huangxu; construction of water distribution pipeline 40.1km (DN50-200) and renovation of household connections & water meters for 6288 households in DingGang

4 EIA Report for Danyang Construction of Danyang No.4 WTP with a June 2008 July 28th 2007 http://www.dyz123 Regional Water Supply capacity of 100,000 m3/d, normal treatment and July 8th .com/dywater Project process; 2007 (Website of EMP Report for Danyang Construction of raw water transfer pipeline June 2008 June 28th - Danyang Water Regional Water Supply 23.5km (DN1400-1500) August 8th Supply Company) 2007 Project Public Utility June 17th 2008 Division of Construction Bureau of Danyang City and Danyang Daily

5 EIA Report for Nanjing Construction of Qiaobei WWTP with a capacity March 2008 June 22nd 2007 www.njhbs.net Qiaobei Wastewater Project of 100,000 m3/d (long term 200,000 m3/d); August 16th Website of Nanjing EMP Report for Nanjing Construction of associated sewer network April 2008 2007 Academy of Qiaobei Wastewater Project 63.7km (DN300-1800); Environmental Sciences Construction of 4 wastewater pumping stations

6 EIA Report for Nanjing Construction of Tiebei WWTP with a capacity of July 2008 December 2nd www.njhbs.net Tiebei Wastewater Project 50,000 m3/d (first phase); 2007 Website of Nanjing EMP Report for Nanjing Construction of sewer network 56.3km (DN400- July 2008 February 25th Academy of Tiebei Wastewater Project 1500); 2008 Environmental Sciences Construction of 0.1km wastewater discharge pipeline (DN1500);

Construction of 1 wastewater pumping station with a capacity of 50,000 m3/d;

civil works 100,000m3/d

7 EIA Report for Nanjing Construction of associated interceptor and June 2008 December 6th www.njhbs.net Chengbei Wastewater sewer network 48.5km (DN400-1500); 2007; Project Website of Nanjing Construction of 1 pumping station with a March 5th 2008 Academy of （ Environmental EMP Report for Nanjing capacity of 27,000 m3/d, long June 2008 Chengbei Wastewater term54,000m3/d) Sciences Project

8 EIA Report for Zhenjiang Construction of sewer network 19.6km (DN400- June 29th July 2nd 2007 http://www.jszjsy.g Zhengrunzhou Wastewater 1200) 2008 ov.cn October 2007 Project (Phase Ⅱ) (Website of EMP Report for Zhenjiang July 2008 Zhenjiang Water Zhengrunzhou Wastewater Supply Company) Project (Phase Ⅱ)

9 EIA Report for Zhenjiang Construction of Jianbi WWTP with a capacity of June 2008 July 2nd 2007 http://www.jszjsy.g Jianbi Wastewater Project 10,000 m3/d (long term 20,000m3/d); ov.cn

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No Name of the Document Project Component Covered in Document Date of the Date of Disclosure Document Disclosure Location

EMP Report for Zhenjiang Construction of sewer network 9.12km (DN300- July 2008 October 2007 (Website of Jianbi Wastewater Project 900); Zhenjiang Water Supply Company) Construction of 2 pumping stations

10 EIA Report for Zhenjiang Construction of Dingmao WWTP with a July 2008 July 2nd 2007 http://www.jszjsy.g Dingmao Wastewater capacity of 40,000 m3/d, (long term ov.cn October 2007 Project (Phase Ⅰ) 80,000m3/d); (Website of EMP Report for Zhenjiang Construction of sewer network 11.4 km July 2008 Zhenjiang Water Dingmao Wastewater (DN400-1200); Supply Company) Project (Phase Ⅰ) Reconstruction of Dingmao Pumping Station;

Construction of Yanggu Road Pumping Station

11 EIA Report for Danyang Construction of associated sewer network June 2008 July 5th -15th http://www.dyz123 Shicheng Wastewater 23.5km (DN400-600); 2007 .com/dywater Project July 28th – Aug. (Website of EMP Report for Danyang 8th 2007 Danyang Water Supply Company) Shicheng Wastewater June 17th 2008 Project http://www.zjshb.g ov.cn (Website of Zhenjiang EPB) Public Utility Division of Construction Bureau of Danyang City and Danyang Daily

12 EIA Report for Taixing Construction of Huangqiao WWTP with a September July 17th -July http://www.taixing. Huangqiao Wastewater capacity of 25,000 m3/d (50,000 m3/d long 2008 27th 2007; gov.cn Project term); December 27th (Website of EMP Report for Taixing Construction of sewer network 45.58km September 2007- January Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater (DN400-1200); 2008 10th 2008 Municipality Project Government) Construction of 1 wastewater pumping station of 15,000m3/d(long term 30,000m3/d) http://www.taixing. cn (Website of Taixing Municipality Government)

13 Consolidated EIA/EMP (E) All the twelve subprojects Sep. 23rd, 2008 World Bank InfoShop

1.2.3. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS

This Consolidated EA has been carried out strictly in accordance with National and Provincial laws, codes and criteria relating to environmental protection (see Chapter 2). It satisfies the Chinese EA system, whilst at the same time gives full attention to the requirements of the World Bank’s environmental safeguards, and more precisely those of the Operational Policy 4.01 for EA.

The CEA is based on the collection and use of existing materials (secondary data) as well as data from field investigations carried out during the preparation of Individual EAs for each subproject. The CEA intends to provide a comprehensive and synthesized view of environmental implications resulting from the implementation of the 12 subprojects components, as well as the mitigation measures proposed by the PIUs to minimize the negative impacts.

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1.3. LAYOUT OF THE CONSOLIDATED EA REPORT

The following chapters of this CEA report present the detailed analyses conducted as part of the overall Environmental Assessment and follows closely the report format recommended in WB OP 4.01/Appendix B: • Chapter 2 "Institutional and Regulatory Framework" discusses the policy, legal, institutional and administrative framework within which the EA has been conducted describing both the environmental requirements of the PRC and of the World Bank • Chapter 3 "Environmental Policy Framework" describes the key environmental issues observed at basin level and in the project area with on-going sector policies; • Chapter 4 "Environmental Baseline Situation" describes the background environmental and social conditions (physical, ecological and socio-economic conditions) within which the project components are developed, both on a regional scale and on a site specific level. • Chapter 5 "Description of the JSW & WP Subprojects " provides a summary technical presentation of the proposed subcomponents along with their compliance with national and municipal strategies; • Chapter 6 "Impacts Assessment and Mitigation " provides prediction and assessment of likely positive and negative impacts with related mitigation measures proposed; • Chapter 7 "Project Alternatives" compares feasible alternatives to the proposed project components, including the “without-project” scenario; • Chapter 8 "Environmental Management Plan" provides information on the Environmental Management Plans covering mitigation measures, monitoring and institutional strengthening as well as activities and budget developed for each concerned Municipality/City; • Chapter 9 "Public Consultation & Information Disclosure" describes the activities and results of Public Consultation and information disclosure; • Chapter 10 "Conclusions and Recommendations" provides major findings of the study, including short and long terms benefits of the Project

The report is also accompanied by a series of Appendices including:

APPENDIX 1: PROJECT MAPS AND FACT SHEETS

APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

APPENDIX 3: MONITORING DATA

APPENDIX 4: SITE-SPECIFIC MONITORING PROGRAMS

APPENDIX 5: MODELS

APPENDIX 6: IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH SUBPROJECTS LOCATION

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2. INSTITUTIONAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

2.1. ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND ROLES

2.1.1. NATIONAL LEVEL: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF PRC (MEP)

Since March 2008, SEPA has been transformed into a ministry directly under the State Council responsible for the environmental protection in China. With functions remains the same as SEPA, MEP is more powerful for the enforcement of environmental legislation.

MEP is responsible for drafting and interpretation of pertinent standards, laws and regulations and guidelines, as well as their supervision and inspection. As stipulated by the Provision for Management of Environmental Protection in Construction Projects, from the year 2003, graded reviews and approvals of construction project EIA documents has been put into practice by the Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) at various levels.

2.1.2. LOCAL LEVEL

The Provincial/Municipal Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) play an important role in the short- and long-term policy studies, and are in charge of:

− Drafting local laws and regulations. − Issuing administrative regulations. − Organizing work on environmental monitoring and control. − Supervising the treatment of pollution. − Dealing with the major pollution incidents; and − Carrying out education and training in environmental protection.

The Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau exerts leadership on the EPBs of the five cities involved in JSW&WP. The EIAs are reviewed and approved by Jiangsu Provincial EPB.

2.2. APPLICABLE LAWS & REGULATIONS (DETAILS PROVIDED IN APPENDIX 2)

2.2.1. FRAMEWORK FOR EIA

Since 2002, the EIA process in China is under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law (October 2002). Several other national laws and regulations provide a legal background to EIA such as: • Environmental Protection Law (1979 & 1989) • Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, State Council, November 1998;

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• Regulations on the Permitting for the EIA of Construction Projects (1989 SEPA) • Draft Regulation on Public Participation Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment; 18 March 2006, SEPA • Methods for Environmental Protection Acceptance of Projects at Completion, [2001] File No. 13, issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration

Besides, there are a series of ‘Technical Directives for Environmental Impact Assessment’, issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration. (See Appendix 2 for the detailed list of applicable laws and regulations.)

2.2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS

The key standards that serve as a basis for the Environmental Evaluation are presented below. The details of parameters and values for each standard can be found in Appendix 2. • Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB3838-2002; • Ambient Air Quality Standard GB3095-1996 • Standard of Environmental Noise in Urban Area GB3096-93 • Environmental Quality Standard for Soils GB15618-1995

2.2.3. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS • Standard for Raw Water Quality CJ3020-93 • Standards for Drinking Water Quality GB5749-2006

2.2.4. POLLUTION DISCHARGE STANDARDS

2.2.4.1. WASTEWATER DISCHARGE STANDARDS

The key standards applicable to the industrial effluent from enterprises in Jiangsu WW&WS project include: • Quality of Sewage Water Discharged into Urban Sewers CJ3082-1999 • Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978-1996

The key standard applicable to the wastewater to be discharged from WWTPs is • Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002. Class 1A of effluent quality has been required for this project by local government.

For sludge: • Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use GB 4284-1984.

2.2.4.2. OTHER DISCHARGE STANDARDS

Several other standards related to air quality and noise should apply either during the construction or operation phases, including:

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• Control standards for NH3, H2S and odour concentrations from WWTP (Standards for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002).

• Permissible Concentrations of NH3, H2S and Cl2 (Hygiene Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises TJ36-79) • Comprehensive Air Pollutants Emission Standards GB16297-1996 • Odorous Pollutants Emission Standard GB14554-93 • Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises GB12348-90 • Emission Standards for Lampblack generated by Catering Sector GB18483-2001. • Standard for Permissible Noise Level for Construction Sites GB12523-90

• The concentrations of SO2, soot, heavy metal and dioxin in the treated exhaust gas from thermal power plants shall be compliant with the Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants (GB13223-2003) and the Pollution Control Standards for Incineration of Domestic Wastes (GB18485-2001).

2.3. WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS

For any project processed with the participation of an International Funding Agency, in addition to the fulfillment of national requirements, the proponent must also satisfy the requirements of the funding organization. The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for financing to ensure that they are designed in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner, and that the environmental and social policies of the WB are satisfied.

Among ten world bank safeguard policies, safeguard policies on environmental assessment and involuntary resettlement are triggered for JSW&WP.

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3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

3.1. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN JIANGSU

3.1.1. WATER SCARCITY AND WATER POLLUTION

Jiangsu Province is located on the east coast of China. The total land area of the province is 102,600 km2. As shown in the figure below, the province is crossed by the Yangtze River from east to west and by the Jinghang Grand Canal from north to south, while Lake Tai and Lake Hongze, both located within Jiangsu's borders, are two of the largest lakes in China. In addition, the province is blessed with more than 900 km of coastline.

FIGURE 3-1: MAIN WATER BODIES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

The average annual precipitation in Jiangsu Province is 994.5mm, with about 32 billion m3 of local water resources and 949 billion m3 interprovincial water resources. The southern region of Jiangsu Province is now facing water quality-induced water scarcity whereas the northern region of Jiangsu Province is facing water quantity-induced water scarcity. With economic and social development, the water pollution in Jiangsu Province becomes increasingly conspicuous. Two-third of the local surface water can not meet the Class Ⅲ standard2.

According to the statistics, the wastewater from many cities along the Yangtze River is being discharged into the Yangtze River without any treatment, which has become a serious concern

2 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB3838-2002

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of various authorities in Jiangsu. At present, great attention has been paid to the water quality- induced water scarcity resulting from water pollution. Therefore, various measures have been taken by authorities concerned at provincial level, such as the Water Resources Bureau, EPB, and Agriculture and Forestry Bureau, in an effort to proactively solve the problem.

3.1.2. AIR POLLUTION

According to the official report on Environmental Quality (2007)3

PM10: The air quality of Wuxi and Taizhou is compliant with the national ClassⅡ ambient air quality standard while the air quality of other municipalities under the provincial authorities does not meet the requirements of the national standard.

SO2: Except Wuxi and Hua’an, air quality of the other 11 municipalities under the provincial authorities in Jiangsu Province meets the national ClassⅡ ambient air quality standard.

3.1.3. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

Jiangsu Province is located in the Yangtze River Delta. As one of the most prominent open coastal provinces in the country, Jiangsu has seen rapid economic development since China’s reform and opening. Meanwhile, more and more air and water pollutants, noise and industrial wastes are generated by the industry sector which have several negative impacts upon the environment in Jiangsu Province.

3.1.4. WASTE MANAGEMENT

In 2006, the overall solid waste generation was 71.9504 million tons, comprehensive utilization was 69.6617 million tons including storage, comprehensive utilization rate was 94.1%, waste disposal was 2.4874 million tons, waste storage was 1.9742 million tons, waste discharged was approximately 2.7 million tons; hazardous waste generation was 0.9858 million tons, comprehensive utilization of hazardous waste was 0.7377 million tons including storage, hazardous waste disposal was 0.2522 million tons, hazardous waste storage was 1,500 tons, with zero discharge of hazardous waste.

The nation-wide initiative of centralized disposal of medical waste and hazardous waste has been launched since July 2007. However, for sludge disposal, there is no specific industrial waste disposal and for some subproject cities (e.g. Zhenjiang, Yancheng) the sludge will be sent to sanitary landfill as a tentative solution.

3.1.5. WETLAND AND NATURAL HABITAT

Due to the rapid urbanization and economical and social development in Jiangsu Province, as well as the lack of public awareness on the ecological value of the wetlands, together with the weak institutional measures on protection, the wetland area in Jiangsu Province has been decreasing year by year. Therefore, a series of projects have been implemented for wetland protection. Many ecologically protected wetland areas and tourism scenic spots have been constructed or are under construction in Yancheng and Zhenjiang where the proposed project is located.

3 http://www.jshb.gov.cn

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3.2. PLANNING AND POLICIES RELEVANT TO JSW&WP

3.2.1. URBAN MASTER PLANS

Jiangsu Province is now in a rapid urbanization period. In order to facilitate this process in a sustainable way, according to the urban development master plan of Jiangsu – Jiangsu City and Town System Strategic Plan, it has been decided that the current city and township situation shall be re-organized. Some towns will be integrated together or merged with cities nearby. It has been decided by the year of 2020, the total number of towns in Jiangsu shall be decreased from 2000 to about 650.

3.2.1.1. JIANGSU PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND NANJING URBAN CLUSTER MASTER PLAN4

According to this provincial level city and township master plan, there will be three major urban clusters in Jiangsu province. They are: Nanjing Urban Cluster, Suxichang (Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou) Urban Cluster and Xuzhou Urban Cluster. Zhenjiang Municipality belongs to Nanjing Urban Cluster.

The Nanjing Urban Cluster concept covers area of Nanjing Municipality, Zhenjiang Municipality, Yangzhou Municipality, Maanshan Municipality, Tuzhou Municipality, Wuhu Municipality and some parts of Huaian Municipality, Chaohu Municipality. According to the available master plan of Nanjing urban cluster, it would be an infrastructure, manufacturing and educational/research centre of Yangtze River Delta.

In this plan, the future development of Jiangsu will focus on key points listed below: • Areas belong to “Three urban clusters and five development axes ”; • Urban area where the capital of municipality is also the capital of county; • Ring area of Tai Lake; • Area along Yangtze River; • Coastal area; • North of Huai River; • Eco-sensitive area;

In this plan, cross boundary co-operation is encouraged through establishment of regional coordination organization. This can be done especially for issues, such as: eco-system protection, public infrastructure construction, water resource development and tourism development. Special investment and development funding mechanisms would also be promoted in the future for these issues.

3.2.1.2. WATER SUPPLY PLAN -JIANGSU REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLAN – NANJING, ZHENJIANG, YANGZHOU, TAIZHOU AND NANTONG5

In 2003, Jiangsu Provincial Government (JPG) initiated its regional water supply campaign to cover municipalities of Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Taizhou and Nantong. This was mainly because of: • Too many raw water intakes along Yangtze River lead to the difficulty of developing the river sides of Yangtze;

4 Data Source: consolidated FSR, 20080430 5 Data Source: consolidated FSR, 20080430

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• Some of the existing raw water sources have not been well protected. This leads to their water quality could not meet the standards of being a drinking water raw water resource; • There are too many drinking water raw water resources that make the protection of raw water sources impossible; • The overextraction of groundwater leads to ground subsidence in some places of Jiangsu; • Too many water supplying companies are running their facility without co-operation. This leads to the low efficiency of raw water resource utilization and existing water supplying facilities;

In this master plan, targets have been set up for each municipality involved: • For people living in rural areas, there is a targeted drinking water access rate as shown in the table below.

TABLE 3-1: TARGETS FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE RATIO IN RURAL AREAS

Year Access Rate of Drinking Water Supply in Rural Area 2003 21% 2005 36% 2010 78% 2020 97.5% Note: this master plan was issued in 2003. • To meet the drinking water standard of WHO; • Expanding the service area of municipal and county level WTPs; and close township level WTPs; • Close the raw water intakes in local rivers and groundwater intakes. The future major raw water sources shall be Yangtze River and Jinghang Grand Cannel;

3.2.1.3. JIANGSU PROVINCIAL WASTEWATER PROVINCIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FOR URBAN AREA ALONG YANGTZE RIVER6 (DATA SOURCE: FSRS)

The main objectives of this plan are: • Protecting the water quality of Yangtze River – because about 24.4% of water consumption is from Yangtze River; • Utilizing Yangtze River in a more sustainable and rational way: - Optimizing the existing raw water intakes in Yangtze River; - Using the Yangtze River riverbanks in a more sustainable way; • Setting up the sewerage treatment target for cities in Jiangsu along Yangtze River: - By the year 2010, 85% of wastewater generated from urban area shall be treated before it is discharged. Among these, 80% of wastewater shall be treated by centralized treatment facility. For wastewater generated from county level cities and towns, 60% of wastewater shall be treated with 40% being treated by centralized wastewater treatment facility; - By the year 2020, 95% of wastewater generated from urban area shall be treated before it is discharged. Among these, 70% of wastewater shall be treated by centralized treatment facility. For wastewater generated from county level cities and towns, 70% of wastewater shall be treated with 50% being treated by centralized wastewater treatment facility.

6 Data Source: consolidated FSR, 20080430

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3.2.2. NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION PROGRAM

The National Cleaner Production Program promotes industrial wastewater treatment facilities and clean industrial processes with higher recycling rate of effluents and waste. The measures for water and energy saving involved in this project are consistent with the national objectives to enhance the water and energy saving and discharge reduction.

3.2.3. GENERAL WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

China has adopted a multiple strategy to resolve water issues in China. That strategy includes water pollution prevention and reduction, implementation of rational water prices (including irrigation), water consumption reduction, promotion of reuse of water, construction of wastewater treatment infrastructure, and implementation of the South-North Water Transfer Project.

3.2.4. PRICING OF SERVICES

The current price of water resources in China is apparently low, which is not conducive to water resources management and sustainable development and utilization. The low tariff has resulted in the loss of state-owned assets and reduction of state revenue, resulting in the financial difficulties of water resource authorities and the constraint of sustainable development and utilization of water resources. As far as water users are concerned, the low water tariff leads to enormous squandering of water resources, with high water consumption and high pollution discharge. Together with insufficient pollution control and water saving measures, great pressure has been imposed on the water environment and water supply. Therefore, a series of measures have been (or will be) taken by the state and local governments to adjust the current water price.

According to the Comments on Reform of Water Tariff during the Eleventh-Five Period in Jiangsu Province, more urban wastewater treatment fees will be charged. The Eleventh-Five Period adjustment plan for urban wastewater treatment fee will be established, based on the comprehensive policy and evaluation. By 2008, the wastewater treatment fee in Southern Jiangsu will range from 1.30 to 1.60 RMB/ton while the wastewater treatment fee in Middle and Northern Jiangsu will range from 1.00 to 1.20 RMB/ton. The management of levying wastewater treatment fees, especially the treatment fees for self-supplied users should be strengthened. A portion of fund from wastewater treatment fees will be allocated specifically for sludge disposal. The water reuse for landscaping will be exempt from the levy of wastewater treatment fees.

3.2.5. PROMOTION OF THE REUSE OF WATER

The reclamation of tail water has been specified in the formulated 11th Five-Year Plan for Urban Water Sector in Jiangsu Province. The tail water from WWTP should be fully reclaimed and reused, with at least 20% of reuse rate. In development zones, the utilization of reclaimed water should be given top priority for public works, greening and landscaping.

3.2.6. WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION

The task leading group has been set up by Jiangsu Water Resources Bureau for specific supervision and enforcement of water and soil conservation so as to enhance the supervision and management of water and soil protection, ensure the implementation of water and soil conservation plan and “Three Synchronies” Policy, so that artificial water and soil erosion will be effectively under control.

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3.2.7. WATER RESOURCES PLANNING, YANGTZE RIVER CONSERVANCY COMMISSION

The total annual amount of water resources in Jiangsu Province is 33.457 billion m3. The distribution of water resources in Jiangsu Province is presented in the table below.

TABLE 3-2: WATER RESOURCES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE7

region Area(Km2) Annual Surface water Surface water Overlap Total water precipitation resources resources volume resources (100million m3) (100million m3) (100million (100million (mm) m3) m3) Huai river 63168 949.0 144.50 75.02 23.50 196.02 Downstream 19059 1047.9 47.72 22.34 7.98 62.08 of Yangtze River Tai Lake 19848 1115.5 64.03 22.88 10.44 76.47 Total 102075 999.8 256.24 120.24 41.92 334.57

As an agency of the Ministry of Water Resources, the Yangtze River Conservancy Commission (established in February 1950) is in charge of water resources administration in Yangtze River Basin and in the west of Lanchangjiang River, covering enforcement of regional water administration regulations, water conservation, basin-wide planning, drought relief and flood prevention, rivercourse management, construction and operation of basin-based water resources projects, sand excavation management, water and soil conservation, hydrology, scientific research, as well as the operation and supervision of state-owned assets. The Jiangsu WW&WS project is mainly involved in Yangtze River Basin.

Tai Basin Authority and Huaihe River Water Resources Commission are also agencies under the Ministry of Water Resources in charge of water resources administration in their respective basins.

3.3. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OBJECTIVES

3.3.1. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF RECEIVING WATER BODIES

For WWTPs involved in the JSW&WP, the receiving water bodies are mainly Yangtze River, Jinghang Grand Canal and Dongjianghuang River. According to Jiangsu Province Yangtze River Pollution Control Regulations and Functional Zoning of Surface Water Environment of Jiangsu Province:

z The water quality of Yangtze River (Jiangsu section) should meet Class Ⅱ of national surface water standard (GB3838-2002).

z As Jinghang Grand Canal and Dongjianghuang River are categorized as Class Ⅲ water bodies, the Class Ⅲ of national surface water standard (GB3838-2002) shall apply.

3.3.2. WASTEWATER DISCHARGES

To preserve local water resources, the provincial EPB and other authorities concerned have implemented a series of pollution control and reduction measures. According to the local regulations, notably the Notification Document [2007] No.63:

7 http://www.jsszy.com

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3.3.3. AIR QUALITY OBJECTIVES

For the Jiangsu WS subprojects, air quality in and around the proposed construction sites

should comply with the Class Ⅱ Ambient Air Quality Standards GB3095-1996, and Cl2 concentration should meet the requirements of Hygiene Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises TJ36-79.

For the Jiangsu WW subprojects, air quality in and around the proposed construction sites should comply with the Class Ⅱ or Ⅲ Ambient Air Quality Standards GB3095-1996, and NH3 and H2S concentrations should meet the requirements of Hygiene Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises TJ36-79.

3.3.4. NOISE

The noise level around construction sites during the construction period shall comply with the Permissible Noise Level for Construction Sites GB12523-90.

During the construction period, based on the environmental function of the area in and around the WTP/WWTP, the noise level at plant boundaries should comply with the Class II, III or IV Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises GB12348-90. Meanwhile, the noise level at sensitive receivers around the plant should comply with the Class II Urban Area Environmental Noise Standards GB3096-93.

3.4. PROJECTS COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND MUNICIPAL STRATEGIES

According to Article 9.6 of Directive Categories of Industry Structural Adjustment (version 2005), urban water supply and sewage drainage pipeline network, water sources and water treatment plant projects fall into the category of state-encouraged industries, and are consistent with the national industrial policy. In addition, according to Article 26 of the directive categories, Three Types of Waste (exhaust gas, wastewater and waste residue) Comprehensive Utilization and Treatment Projects are key projects encouraged by the State.

According to Article 3.2 of Directive Categories of Investment Project encouraged by Industrial and Commercial Sector of Jiangsu Province (version 2004), construction projects for water sources for urban water supply, tap water, wastewater drainage system and WWTP are encouraged by the Industrial and Commercial Sector of Jiangsu Province.

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4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

4.1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.1.1. GENERAL – JIANGSU PROVINCE

Jiangsu borders Shandong to the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over one thousand kilometres along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through its southern parts. Since the inception of economic reforms in 1978, Jiangsu has been a hot spot for economic development, and is now one of China's most prosperous provinces. The wealth divide between the rich southern regions and the north, however, remains a prominent issue in the province.

Jiangsu is very flat and low-lying, with plains covering 68 percent of its total area (water covers another 18 percent), and most of the province lying not more than fifty meters above sea level. Jiangsu is also laced with a well-developed irrigation system; the southern city of Suzhou is so crisscrossed with canals that it has been dubbed "Venice of the East". The Jinghang Grand Canal of China cuts through Jiangsu from north to south, traversing all the east-west river systems. Jiangsu also borders the Yellow Sea. The Yangtze River, the longest river of China, cuts through the province in the south and reaches the East China Sea. Mount Yuntai near the city of Lianyungang is the highest point in this province, with an altitude of 625 meters. Large lakes in Jiangsu include Tai Lake (the largest), Hongze Lake, Gaoyou Lake, Luoma Lake, and Yangcheng Lake8.

4.1.2. CLIMATE

Local climate conditions in the proposed project area are shown in the table below.

TABLE 4-1: LOCAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREAS

City/Municipality Climate Type Principal Wind Direction Annual Average Wind Speed (m/s) Nanjing East-Northeast wind in Winter 3.4 East-South-east wind in Summer Zhenjiang Northeast, East-Northeast wind in 3.3 Winter Subtropical monsoon climate East-Southeast wind in Summer Danyang North wind in Winter 3.2 South wind in Summer Taixing East-Southeast wind 3.1 Yancheng Southeast wind 3.2

8 Data Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

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4.1.3. LOCAL TOPOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY

Jiangsu, situated at the centre of the eastern coast of China, between 116°18' and 121°57' east longitude and between 30°45' and 35°20' north latitude. It stretches on both banks of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huai River, and borders the Yellow Sea in the east. Jiangsu Province is adjacent to Shanghai on the east, to Zhejiang Province on the north, to Anhui Province on the west and to Shandong Province on the north. It covers a total area of 102,600 sq km. Jiangsu Province is the most geographically low-lying province in China. The altitude of most areas in the Jiangsu Province is less than 50 m above sea level. The hilly lands are mainly located in the north and southwest of Jiangsu Province.

The main water systems in Jiangsu Province are Yimusi water system, Lower Reaches of Huai River, Yangtze River and Tai Lake water systems. There are approximately more than 2900 streams, 300 lakes, and 1100 reservoirs in Jiangsu Province. The area of water surface is 17,300 km2. Subject to the influence of monsoon climate, this province has plentiful rainfall with annual precipitation of 724-1210 mm, and 900-1050mm evaporation.

4.1.3.1. NANJING

Nanjing is one of the main hilly land regions in Jiangsu Province, with the Yangtze River running through from the west to the east.

4.1.3.2. ZHENJIANG

The urban area of Zhenjiang is located in the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Jinghang Grand Canal. The Yangtze is the ultimate receiving water body.

4.1.3.3. DANYANG

Danyang is a county-level city administered by Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province. It is situated in the transition area of Ningzhen Hill and Tai Plain. The topography of Danyang City is featured by plains (about 84.4%). The soil in Danyang is fertile and the soil type is sand-clay. Divided by Ningzhen Hill as watershed, there are two water systems in Danyang: Yangtze Water System in the north (10.7% of the total area), and Tai Water System in the south (89.3% of the total area).

There are more than 6 basin-based main streams flowing through Danyang City, such as Jinghang Grand Canal, and there are also water courses like inner moat and outer moat.

4.1.3.4. TAIXING

Taixing is a county-level city administered by Taizhou in Jiangsu Province. The terrain of Taixing City is flat and the elevation is generally between 4.5-5.5m. The rivers and streams flowing through Taixing City are tributaries of Yangtze Water System. Taixing City is rich in water resources with riverways crisscrossing the whole city.

4.1.3.5. YANCHENG

The topography feature of Yancheng is plain, with elevation generally less than 5m. There are many rivers and lakes, with rich aquatic resources. However, Yancheng, especially the east side of the Tongyu River is still lack of freshwater resources as the land was formed very late.

4.1.4. SURFACE WATER QUALITY

For each subproject, assessment of current surface water involved in the JSW&WP was performed in compliance with Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB3838-

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2002. The water quality of current surface water used as raw water for Jiangsu WS components is classified as Class Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The summary of surface water quality in the proposed project areas is shown in the table below.

TABLE 4-2: SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREA

Nr Name of subproject Water body Water quality Target water Pollutant exceeding the limit class quality class 1 Yancheng Regional Tongyu River Ⅲ Ⅲ - Water Supply Project (water intake) 2 Taixing Regional Water Rutai Canal Ⅲ Ⅲ SS：RuTai Canal. Supply Project Yuejinzhong Ditch Ⅴ Ⅳ Yangtze River Ⅱ Ⅱ (water intake) 3 Zhenjiang Jinshan Yangtze River Ⅱ Ⅱ TP, TN, fecal coliform Water Supply Project (water intake) 4 Danyang Regional Jiuqu River Ⅲ Ⅲ Petroleum: 500m upstream of Water Supply Project sewage outfalls of Danyang No.2 Jinghang Grand Ⅲ Ⅲ and No.3 WTPs on the Jiuqu River Canal Ⅱ Ⅱ Volatile phenol and petroleum: Yangtze River 500m downstream of sewage (water intake) outfalls of Danyang No.2 and 3 WTPs on the Jiuqu River， DO, NH3-N and permanganate: 500m upstream of confluence of Jinghang Grand Canal and Jiuqu River 5 Nanjing Qiaobei Beichajiang Ⅱ Ⅱ - Wastewater Project Section of Yangtze River Shitou River Ⅳ Ⅳ 6 Nanjing Tiebei Yangtze River Ⅱ Ⅱ - Wastewater Project (Nanjing section) Ⅴ Ⅳ Xingwu Ditch 7 Nanjing Chengbei JinChuan River Ⅳ Ⅳ NH3-N, BOD, Petroleum, Wastewater Project permanganate and TP

8 Zhenjiang Yangtze River Ⅱ Ⅱ Yangtze river: NH3-N, SS and TP; Zhengrunzhou Wastewater Project GuYunHe Ⅳ Ⅳ GuYunHe: TP, COD ; YunLiang River Ⅳ Ⅳ YunLiang River: BOD5 、 COD 、 NH3-N, Volatile Phenol, TP and permanaganate; 9 Zhenjiang Jianbi JingHang Grand Ⅲ Ⅲ JingHang Grand Canal :SS,TP Wastewater Project Canal Ⅳ Ⅲ GuYunHe: NH3-N, TP, DO FanShui River Ⅳ Ⅳ GuYunHe 10 Zhenjiang Dingmao Yangtze River Ⅱ Ⅱ Yangtze River: TP , SS, NH3-N Wastewater Project (Zhenjiang Section) Ⅳ Ⅳ GuYunHe: TP, COD GuYunHe

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Nr Name of subproject Water body Water quality Target water Pollutant exceeding the limit class quality class 11 Danyang Shicheng JingHang Grand Ⅲ Ⅲ - Wastewater Project Canal Ⅲ Ⅲ DanJinLiCao River Ⅳ Ⅳ West of Inner moat and West 12 Taixing Huangqiao DongJiangHuang Ⅲ Ⅲ SS Wastewater Project River Ⅲ Ⅲ XiJiangHuang River Ⅲ Ⅲ RuTai River Ⅲ Ⅲ JiHuang River

4.1.5. GROUNDWATER

According to Regional Water Supply Plan (2005-2010), the Yangtze River will be the main water source for WTPs at municipality and county levels, whereas the use of reservoir and groundwater as water sources is restricted.

For Yancheng, groundwater is mainly used as industrial water and standby water source for WTPs in case of water shortage and accidental pollution of surface water. In Tinghu and Yandu Districts of Yancheng, groundwater is generally used as water source. Groundwater service population is about 1 million, and the service capacity is approximately 13 million m3 per year.

The quality of deep confined water in Yancheng is good. However, overexploitation of groundwater has led to a drop in the water level, which results in ground subsidence. The annual average subsidence is 4.5mm. Therefore, the exploitation of groundwater has been strictly controlled by the government to protect the groundwater resource in Yancheng.

Taixing: As part of groundwater system of Yangtze River Delta, the groundwater volume is 2+ - - abundant, but the mineral content is high, with Fe 、Cl and NO3 well beyond the limit of standards. Due to the poor groundwater quality, only a few of the township WTPs adopt groundwater as a water source. The water yield per well is normally 50m3/h and the depth of well is between 100 and 400m.

Huangqiao: In the old districts of Huangqiao Town, small-sized self-supplied WTPs are still serving water to 600,000 residents in 14 towns. The water sources of these WTPs are mainly inland rivers or groundwater, and the water quality is quite unstable. Therefore, the issue of drinking water security has become one of the major concerns.

4.1.6. SOILS

The provincial topography is featured by plains, with the majority of places less than 50 meters above sea level. The majority of soil in Yancheng is loamy soil, which covers 74.2% of the total amount. Sandy soil is about 2.2%, and clayey soil is about 23.6% of the total amount.

The soil in the urban area of Taixing is silty soil and aquatic soil. There is a small amount of sand soil and sludge soil in Taixing City.

The soil in Danyang is mainly sand-clay soil.

The soil in Zhenjiang is mainly yellow brown soil.

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4.1.7. SEISMIC RISK

According to the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings GB50011-2001, the designed anti- seismic intensity of the buildings to be constructed in the proposed project area is listed in the following table.

TABLE 4-3: ANTI-SEIMIC INTENSITY IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREA

Municipality/City Degree of anti-seismic intensity

Nanjing VII

Zhenjiang VII

Danyang VII

Taixing VI

Yancheng VII

4.2. ECOLOGY

4.2.1. WETLANDS

The total area of natural wetland in Jiangsu Province is 40,000 km2. The types of wetland include: • offshore wetland, • estuary shoal wetland, • lake wetland (noticeably the Tai Lake and Hongzehu Lake, which are among the 5 large lakes of China), • marsh wetland (in Lixiahe River Basin), • river wetland (formed by Yangtze River, Huai River and Jinghang Grand Canal, etc.), and • artificial wetlands (large reservoirs and paddy field).

The ecosystem of natural wetland is divided into salty soil ecosystem, marsh ecosystem, aquatic ecosystem and dune wetland ecosystem. There are many species living in wetland. There are 484 species of super advanced plants, 241 species of registered wetland birds and 121 species of lake fish, among which there are 2 national rare and endangered species, and 31 species of wild vertebrates in the national category of protected species.

4.2.2. AQUATIC ECOLOGY & FISHERIES

Jiangsu Province borders Yellow Sea on the east, and has a large area of aquatic systems with a high diversity of aquatic animal and botanic resources, among which there are aquatic plants such as reed, lotus, wild rice stem, chufa, water chestnut, etc. It is also rich in aquatic resources. There are over 140 species of freshwater fish. Besides, there are also abundant resources of shellfish and shrimps.

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4.2.3. TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION & WILDLIFE, PROTECTED OR RESTRICTED AREAS AROUND JSW&WP SUBPROJECTS

According to EA report of DingMao WWTP in Zhenjiang, the Yangtze River is separated by a middle bar into two branches: South Branch and North Branch, with the former serving as the main navigation channel, on the upstream of which is the proposed location for the WWTP; whereas the latter is the area where the natural reserve is situated. It has been demonstrated by modelling analysis in terms of water, air and noise that the natural reserve in the north branch will not be affected by the WWTP in the south branch.

4.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1. POPULATION9

According to the RAP, the available population data for the different subproject locations are given in the table below.

TABLE 4-4: POPULATION IN SUBPROJECT CITIES/MUNICIPALITIES

Nr Municipality/City Population (by the end of 2007)

1 Yancheng 8,080,000

2 Taixing 1,280,500

3 Zhenjiang 2,687,800 4 Danyang 806,000 5 Nanjing 7,413,000

4.3.2. MINERAL RESOURCES, AGRICULTURE, ENERGY AND INDUSTRY

Jiangsu Province has rich agriculture resources. With merely 4.7% of the national arable land, Jiangsu produces 7% of grains, 12% of cotton, 7% of oilseeds and 8% of meat of China. The principal food crops are rice and wheat, supplemented by barley, maize, soybean and potatoes; the major cash crops consist primarily of cotton and rape seeds, as well as sesame and tobacco. There are also vegetables, gourds and fruits etc. The provincial production of silks, fishery products, and livestock also plays an important role in China.

TABLE 4-5: MAIN RESOURCES IN THE PROPOSED AREA

No. Municipality/City Agriculture Industry Services 1 Nanjing Fish Petrochemical and electronics Trade, tourism 2 Zhenjiang Vegetables ,fruit, construction material - fish manufacturing and electrical industry, IT industry and automobile industry

9 Data Source: RAP Summary0430

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No. Municipality/City Agriculture Industry Services 3 Danyang Vegetables ,fruit, electronics industry, chemical Tourism fish industry, wood product industry, metal casting industry, rubber & plastic industry, construction material industry, car accessories industry, textile industry. 4 Taixing Vegetables ,fruit, pharmaceutical industry, Tourism, trade fish mechanical industry 5 Yancheng Vegetables ,fruit, Automobile manufacturing, Tourism fish textile and machinery, petroleum and power generation industries

4.3.3. REVENUE

The table below summarizes the annual revenue per capita/household for the different cities/municipalities involved in Jiangsu Water Supply & WW Project.

TABLE 4-6: ANNUAL REVENUE PER CAPITA/HOUSEHOLD10

No. Municipality/City Annual revenue per Annual revenue per capita (RMB) household (RMB) 1 Nanjing 12077 36230

2 Zhenjiang 12299 44422

3 Danyang 7099 32603

4 Taixing 4139 17649

5 Yancheng 9070 45350

4.3.4. PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES

According to individual EA’s, there is no physical cultural resource within the proposed construction sites. However, some historical relics are close to the construction sites, for which, measures have been proposed in the EMP documents concerned with minimizing minimize the possible impact of construction activities.

TABLE 4-7: CULTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL VALUES IDENTIFIED IN THE SUBPROJECT EIA REPORTS Nr Subproject Name of Cultural Classification Location Distance Relics （m） Danyang 1 Kaitai Bridge Municipal Level South of 5# P.S. 30 Shicheng WW 2 Taixing Wenming Bridge Provincial Level South of pipeline 10 3 Huangqiao Fuhui Buddhistic Temple Municipal Level - 50 Site of No.3 40 4 Headquarters of New Provincial Level - Fourth Route Army

10 Data Source: RAP Summary 0430

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Nr Subproject Name of Cultural Classification Location Distance Relics （m） Memorial Tower for 30 5 Provincial Level - Huangqiao Battle Headquarter site of the 30 6 new fourth route army in Provincial Level - North Jiangsu Ancestral Hall of Family 150 7 Provincial Level - He 8 Zhifu Bridge Municipal Level - 20

4.3.5. AIR QUALITY

The Standard Index Method mentioned in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment HJ/2.2-93 has been adopted to assess the baseline air quality in the proposed subproject area. In general, the SO2, NO2, TSP/PM10 concentrations in the proposed project areas are compliant with the Class II Standard (Ambient Air Quality Standard GB3095-1996); H2S and NH3-N concentrations are compliant with the Hygiene Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises TJ36-79; odour level is compliant with the Class II Standard (Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban WWTP GB18918-2002) or the Class II Standard (Emission Standard for Odorous Pollutants GB14554-93). The table below summarizes the detailed findings of the subproject EIA reports. The monitoring results of air quality for each subproject are attached in Appendix 3

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TABLE 4-8: BASELINE AIR QUALITY IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREAS

Type of Monitoring Monitoring Evaluation Standard Compliance Non-compliance (N) Subproject Parameters Guideline (Y) SO , NO , TSP Class Ⅱ of the Ambient Air 2 2 Y - and PM10 Quality Standard GB3095-1996 WS Technical Guidelines for Hygiene Standard for the Design Cl Y - 2 Environmental of Industrial Enterprises TJ36-79 Monitoring Y PM10 concentration in the proposed pumping station for Nanjing Tiebei WW subproject and Ⅱ (except Tiebei SO2, NO2, PM10 Class of the Ambient Air TSP concentration in the proposed project site and TSP Air and Exhaust Gas Quality Standard GB3095-1996 WW and Monitoring and Analysis Huangqiao for Huangqiao WW subproject are beyond the Methods WW) Class Ⅱ limit. Y H S concentration in the proposed pumping WW Hygiene Standard for the Design 2 H S, NH -N Detailed Rules of (except station for Taixing Huangqiao WW subproject 2 3 of Industrial Enterprises TJ36-79 Jiangsu Province for Huangqiao is beyond the Class Ⅱ limit. Implementation of WW) Routine Monitoring of Odour levels in the proposed Dingmao WWTP, Ambient Air Quality Class Ⅱ of the Pollutant Y the residential area around the proposed WWTP Odour Discharge Standard for Urban (except and Jiangsu University are occasionally beyond WWTP GB18918-2002 Dingmao WW) the Class Ⅱ limit.

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4.3.6. NOISE

For each subproject, assessment of the current acoustic environmental quality has been performed in the affected areas. The monitoring parameter is equivalent continuous noise level Leq (A). The table below summarizes the detailed findings of the subproject EIA reports.

TABLE 4-9: BASELINE NOISE IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREAS

Type of Monitoring Guideline Evaluation Standard Compliance Non-compliance subproject (Y) (N)

Methods for Measurement Class Ⅱ of the Standard of of Regional Noise Level in Environmental Noise of Urban Urban Areas GB/T14623- Area GB3096-1993, 93 WS Class Ⅱ or Ⅳ of the Standard Y - Methods for Measurement of Noise Level at Boundary of Noise at Boundary of of Industrial Enterprises Industrial Enterprises GB12348- GB12349-90 90

Methods for Measurement The values at night in ChaYanShan of Regional Noise Level in Class Ⅱ , Ⅲ or Ⅳ of the Residential Area, Urban Areas GB/T14623- Standard of Environmental Y West campus of 93 Noise of Urban Area GB3096- (except Jiangsu University of Technical Guidelines for 1993, WW Zhengrunzhou S&T, Longmai Bridge Environmental Monitoring Class Ⅱ , Ⅲ or Ⅳ of the WW and are beyond the limit of Methods for Measurement Standard of Noise at Boundary Danyang standard Shicheng WW) of Noise Level at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises Monitoring Point S9# of Industrial Enterprises GB12348-90 of Danyang Shicheng GB12349-90 WW subproject

The specific monitoring results on noise level for each EIA subproject are listed in the Appendix 3.

4.3.7. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION SOURCES (KEY POLLUTERS, MAIN PRODUCTS, MAIN POLLUTANTS, ON-SITE TREATMENT FACILITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE COMPLIANCE)

According to the Report on the State of Environment in Jiangsu Province in 200611, in 2006 waste discharge in Jiangsu Province was 5.156 billion tons; industrial wastewater discharge was 2.872 billion tons, or 55.7% of the total amount. The key industries with large industrial wastewater and COD discharge amount in Jiangsu Province were paper manufacture, chemical raw material and chemicals, textile industry, heavy metal casting and processing industry and chemical fibre manufacturing industry.

In Jiangsu Province, the industrial effluents should be compliant with Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978-1996 before being discharged into the sewer system. The parameters which are not included in the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978-1996, should be subject to the Quality of Sewage Water Discharged into Urban Sewers CJ3082-1999, which includes maximum discharge limit for 35 types of hazardous substances. To meet the discharge standards for industrial wastewater effluents, enterprises discharging pollutants should take proper measures for pretreatment to remove inorganic, erosive and toxic substances. Besides, secondary treatment should also be performed for the wastewater with a high concentration of organic substances.

11 Data Source: http://www.jshb.gov.cn

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The following table summarizes the results of industrial pollution source survey for the project cities involved in Jiangsu WW subprojects.

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TABLE 4-10: SUMMARY OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION SOURCE RELATED WITH THE JIANGSU WW SUBPROJECTS

Name of subproject WWTP Plant Ratio of industrial Key polluters Main On-site Environmental wastewater and domestic pollutants treatment Legislative wastewater facilities Compliance Nanjing Qiaobei Qiaobei 40%:60% 19 enterprises in Nanjing High- SS, COD, yes Compliant Wastewater Project WWTP tech Development Zone: NH3-N and oil 30%:70% (long term) electronics, biological pharmaceutical, new material and in particular automobile manufacturing Nanjing Tiebei Tiebei WWTP 20%:80% 20 industrial enterprises, SS and COD yes Compliant Wastewater Project especially No.1 Chemical Plant of Jinling Petrochemical Corporation, Jiangsu Zhongshan Chemical Co.,Ltd and Nanjing No.2 Thermal Power Plant Nanjing Chengbei Chengbei - - - yes Compliant Wastewater Project WWTP Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou 20%:80% Machinery, metal product and Oil yes Jiangsu HengShun Zhengrunzhou WWP electronics manufacturing Vinegar Industry Wastewater Project company Co., Ltd was penalized in 2007 Zhenjiang Jianbi Jianbi WWTP 31%:69% Machinery, paper, metal product COD yes Compliant Wastewater Project and electronic equipment manufacturing company Zhenjiang Dingmao Dingmao 38.5%:61.5% yes Compliant Wastewater Project WWTP

Danyang Shicheng Shicheng 47.4%:52.6% Electronic equipment and device COD Yes Compliant Wastewater Project WWTP manufacturing company Taixing Huangqiao Huangqiao 37.5%:62.5% Food and bio-product company COD Yes Compliant Wastewater Project WWTP

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4.3.8. INDUSTRIAL ZONES

There are industrial zones served by new built or extended WWTPs in JSW&WP. They are:

z Jiankou Industrial Zone served by Jianbi WWTP in Zhenjiang Municipality; and

z Nanjing High-tech Development Industrial Zone served by Nanjing Qiaobei WWTP in Nanjing Municipality.

Jianbi WWTP involved in Zhenjiang WW component of JSW&WP is located in the Jingkou Industrial Zone in the east of Zhenjiang urban area, which is within the service coverage of Jianbi WWTP. According to Jingkou Industrial Park Plan formulated in Nov. 2006, in the short term the area of Jingkou Industrial Zone will be 4km2; in the long term the area will be approximately 13.3 km2, and the total land for construction will be 1092.24 km2.

FIGURE 4-1: PHOTOS OF FUTURE SITE OF JIANBI WWTP

Future site of Jianbi WWTP (Zhenjiang) Future site of Jianbi WWTP (Zhenjiang)

As planned, the drainage system in Jingkou Industrial Zone will be a separate system and all the wastewater will be intercepted and treated in Jianbi WWTP. The capacity of Jianbi WWTP will be 10,000 m3/d in the short term, and 20,000 m3/d in the long term. The treated effluent will be discharged into the Jinghang Grand Canal. Within the service coverage of Jianbi WWTP, the proposed pollutant discharging enterprises are mainly copper, aluminum, machinery, electrical appliance manufacturing companies and refinery. No enterprise engaged in electroplating is involved.

In accordance with the Industrial Zone Planning Document, enterprises engaged in electroplating are not allowed to discharge wastewater into the sewer system of Jianbi WWTP. The industrial effluents from other enterprises should be compliant with the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978-1996.

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The industrial pollution sources related to Nanjing Qiaobei WWTP are mainly located in Nanjing High-tech Development Industrial Zone. The first phase construction of Nanjing High-tech Development Industrial Zone has been completed. The second phase is still under construction. The industrial effluents generated and to be generated will be treated by Nanjing Qiaobei WWTP prior to discharging.

4.4. LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENT OF THE FUTURE CONSTRUCTION SITES

The tables below show the distance to residential area, the land use in and around the sites, and possible specific issues or sensitive sites for each proposed subproject construction sites.

TABLE 4-11: DISTANCE TO RESIDENTIAL AREA AND LAND USE IN/AROUND THE SITE

Subproject Site Minimum distance to Land use around the site residential area (m) Water Supply Components Yancheng Current WTP 150 Farmland and residential area Regional WS Future P.S. 200 Taixing Current WTP 10 Regional WS Future P.S. 10 (Gensi P.S.) Future P.S. 10 (Zhangqiao P.S.) Farmland and residential area Current P.S. 50 (Huangqiao P.S.) Current P.S. 50 (Heshi P.S.) Zhenjiang Current WTP 15 Farmland and fish pond Jinshan WS Future P.S. 150 Farmland Danyang Future WTP 20 Residential Area Regional WS Future sewer network 10 Farmland Wastewater Components Nanjing Qiaobei Future WWTP 800 East: dike and empty land WW South: Venice Town West: Undeveloped land North: Ash storage area for Huaneng Power Plant Nanjing Tiebei Future WWTP 100 Small hill, the earth will be used WW for construction of Xingang Development Zone. The available area is 5 ha Nanjing Current P.S. 5 residential area Chengbei WW Zhenjiang Reserved land from existing 200 reed land Zhengrunzhou WWTP (phase I) WW

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Subproject Site Minimum distance to Land use around the site residential area (m) Zhenjiang Future WWTP 100 Industrial area Jianbi WW Future P.S. (South) 50 Farmland Future P.S.(North) Zhenjiang Future WWTP 220 shelterbelt forest along the Dingmao WW Yangtze River Willow and water plant Current P.S.(Dingmao) 180 Farmland Current P.S.(Guyang) 150 Danyang Future sewer network 10 Residential area Shicheng WW Future pumping station 10 Taixing Future WWTP and P.S. 600 Residential area and farmland Huangqiao WW

Sensitive receivers include school, kindergarten, water intake, hospital, cultural relics close to the project sites, sewage outfall and places potentially affected by the project sites. The sensitive receivers identified in each subproject are presented in the table below.

TABLE 4-12: SUMMARY OF TYPICAL SENSITIVE RECEIVERS AFFECTED BY JIANGSU WW&WS PROJECT

Minimum Number of distance to Subproject Sensitive Point household/residen sensitive ts receivers (m) 1000 upstream to 100 downstream 1100 - Yancheng Regional Water of water intake Supply Project Residential area 150 450 households Taixing Regional Water Residential area 5 50 persons Supply Project

Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Residential area 15 50 persons Supply Project Elementary school 90 300 persons

Kindergarten 20 50 persons

Danyang Regional Water 20 households /100 Residential area 10 Supply Project persons

Nanjing Qiaobei Residential area 800 Wastewater Project Water source 4000

Nanjing Tiebei Residential area 10 200 households Wastewater Project Junior school 50

Hospital 20

Nanjing Chengbei Residential area 10 Wastewater Project Kindergarten 10

University 20

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Minimum Number of distance to Subproject Sensitive Point household/residen sensitive ts receivers (m)

Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Water Intake of Zhengrunzhou 6000 Wastewater Project Kindergarten 70 20 persons

Elementary school 20 1000 persons

Zhenjiang Jianbi Residential area 50 10 households Wastewater Project Provincial Education & Training Centre for Employees in Road 80 Sector

Junior school 100 1850 persons

Zhenjiang Dingmao Water intake of Jianbi 5500 downstream Wastewater Project ( see Table 4-13 protection Provincial Yangtze River Dolphin 4500 - target associated with Nature Protection Zone water environment （DingMao WW） School 100

Hospital 30

Kaitai Bridge (cultural relic at 30 municipal level)

Kindergarten 100 50 persons

Junior school 20 300 persons 才

Elementary school 30 200 persons

Taixing Huangqiao Elementary school 20 2500 persons Wastewater Project Fuhui Buddhistic Temple 50 (cultural relic) Site of No.3 Headquarters of New Fourth Route Army (cultural 40 relic) Memorial Tower for Huangqiao 30 Battle (cultural relic) Headquarters site of the new fourth route army in North Jiangsu 30 (cultural relic) Ancestral Hall of Family He 150 (cultural relic)

Zhifu Bridge (cultural relic) 20

Hospital 10 300 persons

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TABLE 4-13 PROTECTION TARGET ASSOCIATED WITH WATER ENVIRONMENT12（DINGMAO WW）

Capacity Functional Nr Name of Protection Target Location (10,000t/d) Classification Water Intake of Zhengrunzhou 14km upstream of sewage 1 60 Ⅱ WTP outfall 5.5 km downstream of 2 Water Intake of Jianbi WTP 2.5 Ⅱ sewage outfall 12km downstream of 3 Huanggang Water Intake 180 Ⅱ sewage outfall Provincial Nature Protection Zone Beichajiang Section in 4 of Yangtze River Dolphin in － Ⅱ Jiangxin shoal Zhenjiang Jiaoshanwei Nationally Controlled downstream of sewage 5 － Ⅱ Section outfall

The detailed location of water intakes and protection zones associated with Dingmao WWTP is shown in Figure 6-1 on page 53.

12 Dingmao EMP Table3-4 Protection points of Aquatic Environment

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5. DESCRIPTION OF THE JSW&WP SUBPROJECTS

5.1. SUBPROJECT OBJECTIVES

The Jiangsu sub-projects cover the sectors of water supply and wastewater collection and treatment,. As such, they all fit into the regional planning objectives to improve and develop water supply and wastewater management infrastructure, in order to:

z meet the increasing domestic and industrial water demand in the future;

z support urban growth and economic development;

z ensure the supply of clean water to the general public;

z reduce water pollution by domestic and industrial effluents;

z improve the residents’ health conditions and quality of life.

5.2. SUBPROJECT CONTENTS

The table below lists the current subproject owners, the future implementing agencies, and the institutions which will be responsible for management, operation and maintenance once the subprojects are realized.

TABLE 5-1: PROJECT OWNERS AND FUTURE PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AND OPERATION AGENCIES 13 Subproject Project Implementing Agency Management, O&M Location Component Yancheng Yancheng Yancheng HuiJin Water Co. Ltd. Yancheng HuiJin Water Co. Ltd. Regional WS Taixing Regional Taixing Water Supply Co. Taixing Water Supply Co. WS Taixing Taixing Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Co. Ltd Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Co. Huangqiao WW Ltd Danyang Regional Danyang Water Supply Co. Danyang Water Supply Co. WS Danyang Danyang Danyang Shicheng Wastewater Co. Danyang Shicheng Wastewater Co. Shicheng WW Zhenjiang Jinshan Zhenjiang Water Supply Co. Zhenjiang Water Supply Co. WS Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Zhenjiang WW Zhenjiang Jianbi Zhenjiang Water Industry Co. Zhenjiang Water Industry Co. WW Zhenjiang

13 Source: consolidated FSR, 20080430

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Subproject Project Implementing Agency Management, O&M Location Component Dingmao WW Nanjing Nanjing Qiaobei WW Nanjing Tiebei Nanjing Municipal Water Co. Nanjing Municipal Water Co. WW Nanjing Chengbei WW

5.3. WATER SUPPLY SUBPROJECTS

The summary of 4 WS components and their associated facilities for Jiangsu WS subcomponents include those for water intake and sludge disposal. The information on the linkage facilities is summarized in the table below.

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TABLE 5-2: SUMMARY OF WS COMPONENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

1-Treatment Facilities 2-Distribution 3-Construction 4-Associated facility/project Network Name of WTP WTP WTP Expected Estimated Water Raw water Length of Distribution period Spoil Name of EIA (new capacity dry sludge Project Sources pumping raw water system length from -to (m3) Associated or (m3/d) production Investment stations transfer / No. P.S. facility/project / extend (tons/a) (Million (Capacity pipeline/ Start Year/ ed) RMB) m3/d) diameter Capacity (mm) Yancheng Chengdong Extens From 17301 239 Tongyu 200000 10.5km/ clean water 10/2008 56,249 WTP ion 100,000 to River DN500-800 transmission ~12/201 200,000/ pipeline 58.2km 1 convention (DN500-DN800) al water distribution treatment pipe 251 km process (DN50-500) in LongGang; water distribution pipe 345 km (DN50- 1000) in Qinnan, / 1P.S. Taixing Baota WTP Extens From - 296 Yangtze - - 28.2km (DN600- 08/2008 28,800 Raw Water Plant EIA Report for ion 40,000 to River 800) clean water ~12/200 Relocation, and Raw Taixing Regional 50,000/ transmission 9 Water Trunk Project Water Supply convention pipeline, (DN300- Project (Phase Ⅰ )- al 500) 127.3km, Extension of No.3 treatment clean water WTP and process distribution Construction of pipeline ， water Associated Main distribution Trunk was approved pipeline 955km by Taixing EPB on (DN20-160) for Aug. 13th 2007, with LiuCheng, XinJie, approval document XuanBao, 〔2007〕No.44. HuZhuang, and Yangzhuang WTP EIA for Yangzhuang MaDian (Phase Ⅱ )/ WTP Construction /4P.S. Extension of Project (Phase Ⅱ) , capacity from 50,000 as part of the EIA m3/d to Report for Taihuang 150,000m3/d Treated Water Distribution Project

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1-Treatment Facilities 2-Distribution 3-Construction 4-Associated facility/project Network Name of WTP WTP WTP Expected Estimated Water Raw water Length of Distribution period Spoil Name of EIA (new capacity dry sludge Project Sources pumping raw water system length from -to (m3) Associated or (m3/d) production Investment stations transfer / No. P.S. facility/project / extend (tons/a) (Million (Capacity pipeline/ Start Year/ ed) RMB) m3/d) diameter Capacity (mm) Rural Water Supply (Phase II) was Project approved by Jiangsu Provincial EPB on Jan. 23rd 2007, with the official approval 〔2007〕No.18. Zhenjiang Jinshan WTP Extens From 8610 272 Yangtze 200000 300m/DN16 clean water 07/2009 24,321 Chengdong Landfill ion 100,000 to River 00 transmission ~12/201 (see also Table 200,000 pipeline(DN1000- 0 6‑ 20: Description 1200) 8.6km, of Sanitary Landfills clean water for WWTP and distribution WTPs sludge)/ pipeline 69km Short term:2003 (DN63-200), clean Long term:2010/ water distribution Short pipeline 40.1km term:1,800,000 m3 (DN50-200)/ Long term:3,600,000 m3 Danyang No.4 WTP New 100000/ 52900 248 Yangtze 200000.00 23.5km/ - 12/2009 58600. Maojia Landfill Site The EIA for the convention River DN1400- ~12/201 00 (Maojia Solid Waste construction of al 1500 0 Disposal Centre)/ Maojia Solid Waste treatment 40000m3 Disposal Centre process (Phase I) has been approved by Jiangsu Provincial EPB Extension of Water EIA Report for this Supply Pipeline at project was Huanggang Water approved by Jiangsu Intake on Yangtze Provincial EPB on River in Danyang March 4th 2008 City Danyang Regional EIA Report for this Water Supply project was Project (Phase I) approved by Jiangsu 350,000 t/d Provincial EPB on 2003/350,000 t/d Dec. 23rd 2003

Based on the information provided, according to due diligence conducted, it can be concluded that the WS components of JSW&WP are compliant with the relevant national laws and regulations regarding environmental protection.

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5.4. WASTEWATER SUBPROJECTS

There are 6 WW components in JSW&WP The contents, capacity, together with their associated facilities (WWTP for treatment of wastewater collected, landfill/power plant for sludge disposal, etc.) are presented in the summary table below:

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TABLE 5-3: SUMMARY OF WW COMPONENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

1-Treatment Facilities 2-Construction 3-Linkage facility/project Populatio Wastewat WWTP type new capacity WW Treatment Estimated Receiving water Sewer pipe Construction Spoil WWTP/ Quality of EIA (or Post- n served er to be (new or (m3/d) process Project body & effluent length/diamet period (m3) Landfill site/ effluents from evaluation) after collected extension) Investment discharged into er (from- to) Power Plant / the project 2010/2020 (million RMB) river or sea (km/mm)/ No. Start Year WWTP/Classific 2010/2020 (m3/d) (10,000t/a) P.S. ation of receiving water body Nanjing Qiaobei 220,000 104700 / new 100,000 Modified A2O 543 Yangtze River 63.7 11/2007- 201,500 Xiexin Power Plant /380,000 201,000 (2010) (Johannesburg (through Shitou DN300-1800; 04/2009 was designed and 200,00 (2020) process) + a high rate River) 4PS built to use sludge to clarifier and biofilter 3650(2010) be mixed with other sludge thickening and 7300(2020) fuels In September dewatering 2006, EIA report on the incineration of sewage sludge for Nanjing Xiexin Power Plant has been reviewed and approved by Nanjing Nanjing Xiexin Municipal EPB. Power Plant The Xiexin Power Plant is now under operation . Since operation, all activities are compliant with the relevant national laws and regulations regarding environmental protection.

Nanjing Tiebei 127,400 50000 new 50,000 A—A2O + tertiary 545 Yangtze River 56.3 01/2009- 50,700 /231,500 (first 100,000(civil treatment (through Xingwu DN400-1500; 12/2010 phase) works) (coagulation Ditch) 1PS /flocculation+ 3650 sedimentation and filtration) Sludge thickening and dewatering Nanjing - - 322 Yangzte River 48.5 01/2009- 193000 Nanjing Xiexin Chengbei (through DN400-1500; 12/2010 Power Plant Jinchuan River) 1PS

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1-Treatment Facilities 2-Construction 3-Linkage facility/project Populatio Wastewat WWTP type new capacity WW Treatment Estimated Receiving water Sewer pipe Construction Spoil WWTP/ Quality of EIA (or Post- n served er to be (new or (m3/d) process Project body & effluent length/diamet period (m3) Landfill site/ effluents from evaluation) after collected extension) Investment discharged into er (from- to) Power Plant / the project 2010/2020 (million RMB) river or sea (km/mm)/ No. Start Year WWTP/Classific 2010/2020 (m3/d) (10,000t/a) P.S. ation of receiving water body Nanjing ⅠB Standard for Chengbei Pollutants WWTP/ 2003 Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002/ Class Ⅳ GB3838-2002 Zhenjiang 580,000 179,300 - - - 34.6 Yangtze River 19.6 04/2009- 44,800 Zhengrunzhou ⅠA Standard for Zhengrunzhou /600,000 /197,100 DN400-1400; 12/2010 WWTP Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002/ Class Ⅱ GB3838-2002 Chengdong Chengdong Landfill site Landfill Site (see also Table 5‑ 30: Description of Zhenjiang 145,000 41,700 new 40,000 (short Selector+ UCT + 128.85 Yangtze River/ 11.4 10/2008- -54,915 Sanitary /200,000 /78,800 term) coagulation 1460 DN400-1200; 12/2009 Dingmao Landfills for 80,000 (long /flocculation+sedimen 2PS WWTP and term) tation and filtration WTPs sludge) Sludge thickening and dewatering

Zhenjiang 45,000 20,700 new 10,000 UCT + coagulation 93.2 Jinhang Grand 9.12 09/2008- 51,305 Jianbi /60,000 /40,900 /flocculation + Canal/ DN300-900; 12/2009 filtration 365 2PS Sludge thickening and dewatering

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1-Treatment Facilities 2-Construction 3-Linkage facility/project Populatio Wastewat WWTP type new capacity WW Treatment Estimated Receiving water Sewer pipe Construction Spoil WWTP/ Quality of EIA (or Post- n served er to be (new or (m3/d) process Project body & effluent length/diamet period (m3) Landfill site/ effluents from evaluation) after collected extension) Investment discharged into er (from- to) Power Plant / the project 2010/2020 (million RMB) river or sea (km/mm)/ No. Start Year WWTP/Classific 2010/2020 (m3/d) (10,000t/a) P.S. ation of receiving water body Danyang - 44,420 - - 40 Jinghang Grand 23.5 07/2009- 5100 Shicheng ⅠB Standard for Shicheng Canal/ DN400-600; 12/2009 WWTP/ 2001 Pollutants 1PS Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002/ Class Ⅲ GB3838-2002 Taixing 70,000/12 19,000/44, new 25,000 (short A/A/O + (coagulation 153 Dongjianghuang 45.58 2009-2010 -5670 Taixing EIA report on the Huangqiao 0,000 200 term) + sedimentation and River/ DN400-1200; Covanta construction of 50,000 (long filtration) 2.5 1PS Thermal incineration facility term) Sludge thickening Power Co., has been approved and dewatering Ltd/ July 1994 by Taixing Municipal EPB in January 2008

Based on the information provided, according to due diligence conducted, it can be concluded that the WW components of JSW&WP are compliant with the relevant national laws and regulations regarding environmental protection.

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6. IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION

6.1. IMPACT SCREENING

Overall for Jiangsu Water & Wastewater Project, the implementation of 4 water supply components and 8 wastewater components will increase water supply capacity of 410,000 m3/d and wastewater treatment capacity of 225,000 m3/d, construct raw water transfer pipeline of 34.3 km, clean water distribution pipelines of 1882.4km and sewer pipelines of 277.70 km. Pollution abatement, in terms of BOD is 5,483 t/a, COD 6,4621 t/a and TP 676 t/a. All of these will improve local water supply and wastewater treatment capacity, contribute to environmental protection and be beneficial to the health and living standards of local residents.

Major impacts from a) project location, b) construction and c) operation are mainly focused on the following issues:

1: Impacts from project location z Encroachment into agriculture production systems. All the subprojects require land acquisition; a certain amount of agriculture lands, production, local residents may be impacted, especially for Yancheng WS, Taixing WS, Zhenjiang WS, Zhenjiang Jianbi WW, and Dingmao WW subprojects.

z Destruction of built-up properties. Loss of private properties and public infrastructures, such as demolition of local shops and enterprises, will be encountered by Taixing WS, Zhenjiang WS, Nanjing Tiebei WW, Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou WW, Jianbi WW, Dingmao WW and Danyang Shicheng WW subprojects.

z Ecological Impacts. All the subprojects will neither involve any destruction of valuable natural land, nor exert impacts to particular ecological values. For the Zhenjiang Dingmao WWTP subproject, the proposed site is 4.5km away from the Yangtze River Dolphin Protection Zone.

z Impact on Landscape. Most of the subprojects are to be implemented in an open space. Adverse impacts on landscape or tourist activities are remediable.

2: Impacts during project construction: z Nuisance from Earthworks and Spoil. During construction, significant amount of spoil will be generated mainly composed of soil from excavation works not reused for backfilling or reclamation, and of the products from demolition of existing construction and concrete structures.

z Air pollution. The main air pollution sources are machines burning fuel for digging, transportation, loading, unloading and vibration. Dust and exhaust gas generated from these machines will affect air quality around the workplaces, along the network rehabilitation or extension sites.

z Noise from construction equipment and vehicular movements, especially the noise level will be increased due to the addition/overlapping of noise from different sources and noise radiation will be intensified.

z Traffic congestion caused by pipeline construction along the existing roads and transfer station construction in densely populated areas. Roads may be fully or partially blocked during these construction activities causing temporary inconvenience to residents and commercial operation.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 44 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT z Waste discharge from construction camps. The discharge of wastewater from construction camps could be potential new pollution sources, and could also be sources of sludge, solid waste and waste oil from machinery maintenance. z Soil erosion. Large piles of soil will be generated during construction. When it rains, The piles and other affected areas could be subject to soil erosion. z Damage to roads: trucks with heavy loads may have impacts on traffic roads and cause damage to road surface, especially during rainfalls.

3: Impacts during project operation:

Water Supply Facilities: besides the beneficial impacts, such as increase in water supply capacity of 400,000 m3/d and promotion of local economy development, adverse impacts from the operation of WTPs and linkage facilities are rather limited in number and size: z Water resource. The 4 water supply components will increase the amount of water taken from either the Yangtze River or other rivers as water sources, utilize additional water resources and result in increased demand for wastewater treatment. z Noise. The main noise during the operation will be generated from on-site pumps in WTPs and transportation vehicles. z Air pollution. The possible leakage of chlorine gas, which is used for chlorination/disinfection during WTP operation, might exert adverse impacts on air quality; z Sludge. Sludge generated during WTPs operation will require proper management so as to minimize impacts on environment. z Risks. Risk of raw water pollution, over exploitation of local water resources, overload or breakdown of the treatment facilities in WTPs may have impacts on water treatment performance. As chlorine is used as disinfectant in WTPs, improper storage, leakage, spill and transportation of chlorine might pose an explosion risk to the public and their properties.

Wastewater Treatment Facilities: Typical impacts of wastewater treatment facilities are mainly caused by discharge of effluents into water bodies, sludge production and disposal, noise and odour nuisances generated by the facilities (aerators, blowers, pumps, etc.) or during sewer maintenance: z Pollution abatement. The reduction of pollutant load to be discharged into the river system will be observed: annual abatement of BOD is 5483 t/a, COD 64621 t/a, TP 676 t/a. z Odour. H2S and NH3, as odour sources, will be generated from the operation of screening, aeration tank, sludge thickener, sludge dewatering tank and associated wastewater pumping stations, and might have adverse impacts on ambient air. z Noise. Noise from WWTP operations, pumping stations and transport vehicles may affect the residents living nearby. z Water quality. The discharge of tail water into rivers will cause increase of BOD, COD, SS and other parameters if the effluent quality exceeds the standards due to abnormal or improper operation. z Sludge and solid waste. As a byproduct of WWTPs, sludge can result in environmental pollution if not properly collected, transported, treated and disposed of. In addition, waste removed by screen bar and domestic waste from working staff also need to be properly treated, transported and disposed of. z Biogas. During the sludge treatment, a certain amount of biogas will be generated, main component of which is methane. Considering its toxicity and ignitability, the biogas will exert adverse impacts on environment if not collected and treated properly. z Risks. Risks in mechanical failure and power shortage can affect continuous treatment, which could result in overflow and accidental spillage. Risks of non-compliant influents discharged into WWTP, due to the improper management of industrial effluents, will lead to abnormal operation of WWTPs and non-compliant effluents from WWTPs.

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6.2.1. GENERAL

The twelve subprojects selected for World Bank financing will improve the environment and quality of life in the concerned cities through the following actions:

z Improve current water supply and meet future water demand;

z Improve safeguard of rural water supply and health of rural people;

z Collect wastewater to improve urban quality of life and industrial development;

z Optimize water resource utilization in cost-effective way;

z Treat wastewater to improve the water quality of rivers and sea;

z Improve flood control;

z Enhance landscape in urban areas.

6.2.2. PUBLIC HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE

The Project’s impact is beneficial for public health and quality of life through improved water supply and improved collection of wastewater, as well as through improved river water quality. Many people will get access to potable tap water, so that the sanitary risks resulting from unhealthy drinking water will be reduced.

6.2.3. REDUCTION OF FLOOD RISK

Due to lack of essential river dredging, clogging has affected the balancing and impounding function of the drainage river courses, preventing the smooth draining of flood water in city properly during flood period.

The implementation of the project will intercept the wastewater hence reduce flood risk in the Danyang Shicheng and Nanjing Chengbei.

6.2.4. POLLUTION ABATEMENT

6.2.4.1. POLLUTION ABATEMENT ACHIEVED BY NEW/EXTENDED WWTPS

The control of industrial effluents to be discharged into municipal sewers is integrated into the proposed subprojects so as to limit the pollutant loads to WWTPs. For Jiangsu WW subprojects, the quality of effluents from WWTPs shall comply with Class ⅠA Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002.

In the short term, the WWTPs in Qiaobei, Tiebei, Zhengrunzhou, Dingmao, Jianbi and Huangqiao will remove an overall annual pollution load of about 28844tons CODcr, 17787 tons suspended solids, 2269 tons NH3-N and 301 tons total phosphorus. And in the long term, the WWTPs in Qiaobei, Tiebei, Zhengrunzhou, Dingmao, Jianbi and Huangqiao will remove an overall annual pollution load of about 39794tons CODcr, 24744 tons suspended solids, 3181

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 46 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT 14 tons NH3-N and 428 tons total phosphorus . The table below shows the expected pollution abatement for each WWTP.

TABLE 6-1: ESTIMATION OF POLLUTION ABATEMENT ACHIEVED BY NEW/ EXTENDED WWTPS

Design parameters Unit Pollutant

Qiaobei WWTP in Nanjing Municipality BOD5 CODCr SS NH3-N TP TN Sewage quality mg/l 180 150 200 30 4 40 Capacity (Phase I) t/d 100,000 Capacity (Phase II) t/d 200,000 Removal rate % Effluent quality ≤mg/l 10 50 10 5(8) 0.5 15 Pollution abatement (Phase I) t/a - 10950 6935 912.5 127.5 905 Pollution abatement (Phase II) t/a - 21900 13870 1825 255 1810

Tiebei WWTP in Nanjing Municipality BOD5 CODCr SS NH3-N TP TN Sewage quality mg/l 150 380 200 30 4 40 Capacity t/d 100,000 Removal rate % Effluent quality ≤mg/l 10 50 10 5(8) 0.5 15 Pollution abatement t/a - 12045 6935 912.5 127.5 912.5

Dingmao WWTP in Zhenjiang Municipality BOD5 CODCr SS NH3-N TP TN Sewage quality mg/l 160 350 200 35 3.5 - Capacity t/d 40,000 Removal rate % 93.8 85.7 95 77.1 83.8 - Effluent quality ≤mg/l 10 50 10 8 0.5 - Pollution abatement t/a - 4380 2774 321.2 36.5 -

Jianbi WWTP in Zhenjiang Municipality BOD5 CODCr SS NH3-N TP TN Sewage quality mg/l 150 450 300 40 3.0 Capacity t/d 20,000 Removal rate % 93.8 85.7 95 77.1 83.8 - Effluent quality ≤mg/l 10 50 10 8 0.5 - Pollution abatement t/a - 1460 1058.5 116.8 9.125 -

Huangqiao WWTP in Taixing City BOD5 CODCr SS NH3-N TP TN Sewage quality mg/l 180 400 25 35 4 40 Capacity t/d 50,000 Removal rate % 94.4 87.5 96 85.7 87.5 62.5 Effluent quality ≤mg/l 10 50 10 5 0.5 15 Pollution abatement (2010) t/d 4.25 8.75 6 0.75 0.625 0.0875 Total pollution abatement through new/extended WWTP - 28843.75 17786.5 2268.75 300.75 1817.5875 (short term)

14 Pollutant load reductions to be effectively achieved only if wastewater treatment efficiency is guaranteed through proper operation and maintenance of collection systems and WWTPs. SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 47 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Design parameters Unit Pollutant Total pollution abatement through new/extended WWTP - 39793.75 24743.5 3181.25 428.25 2722.5875 (long term)

6.2.4.2. POLLUTION ABATEMENT ACHIEVED BY EXTENDED WTPS

For the extension projects of WTPs, after completion of construction, production waste drainage will be collected and reused; domestic waste will be transported to landfill site, slurry will be dewatered and the sludge will be landfilled so that pollution by direct discharge of slurry into receiving water bodies could be alleviated.

The detailed pollution abatement thereby is presented in the table below.

TABLE 6-2: POLLUTION ABATEMENT ACHIEVED BY EXTENDED WTPS

Pollutant Item Disposal Method Discharge Discharge Pollution before after Abatement extension extension

Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Supply Project Volume 136.875 0 136.875 Production (10,000t/a) Wastewater Collection and reuse COD(t/a) 70.71 0 70.71 Drainage SS(t/a) 95.81 0 95.81 Volume 136.875 0.219 136.656 (10,000t/a) Domestic Discharge Wastewater COD (t/a) 70.71 0.657 70.053

SS (t/a) 95.81 0.438 95.372 Domestic waste Chengdong Landfill Site 7.3 0 7.3 (t/a) for landfilling Solid waste Chengdong Landfill Site Sludge (10,000t/a) 0 0 0 for landfilling

Taixing Regional Water Supply Project

Volume 43.80 0 43.80 Production (10,000t/a) Sent to Yangzhuang Wastewater COD(t/a) WTP 17.52 0 17.52 Drainage SS(t/a) 30.66 0 30.66 Volume 0.41 0.33 0.16 (10,000t/a) Domestic COD(t/a) Treated in Taixing 1.23 0.99 0.36 Wastewater WWTP NH3-N (t/a) 0.082 0.066 0.032 SS(t/a) 0.82 0.66 0.32 Collected by the City Domestic waste Solid Waste Sanitation and 0 0 0 (t/a) Appearance Bureau

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 48 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Pollutant Item Disposal Method Discharge Discharge Pollution before after Abatement extension extension

Sent to Taixing Solid Sludge (10,000t/a) Waste Landfill Site for 0 0 0 Landfilling

Danyang Regional Water Supply Project

Amount of water 219.2015 0.3241 218.8774 (10,000t/a) Discharge into the Wastewater COD(t/a) sewerage network 112.6245 0.9723 111.6522 SS(t/a) 153.703 0.6482 153.0548 Transported to Sludge Danyang Maojia Solid Solid waste Waste Disposal Centre 0 0 5.29 (10,000t/a) by the Sanitation Division

6.2.4.3. POLLUTANT ABATEMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

By collecting and treating wastewater, the project will lead to an overall reduction of the current pollutant load from domestic and industrial sewage, and of the additional pollution that would be generated by future growth of urban population and activity. The reduction in pollutant loads to rivers can be estimated as shown in the table below.

TABLE 6-3: REDUCTION OF POLLUTANT LOADS TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Subproject Main receiving Pollution Abatement (t/a) water body BOD COD SS NH3-N TP TN Nanjing Qiaobei WW (short - 10950 6935 912.5 127.5 905 term) Shitou River Nanjing Qiaobei WW (long - 21900 13870 1825 255 1810 term) Nanjing Tiebei WW Through Xingwu - Ditch into the 12045 6935 912.5 127.5 912.5 Yangtze River Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Yangtze River 5475 10950 6935 985.5 91.25 - WW Zhenjiang Dingmao WW Yangtze River - 4380 2774 394.2 36.5 - Zhenjiang Jianbi WW Jinghang Grand - 1460 1058.5 116.8 9.125 - Canal Danyang Shicheng WW Confluence of 0.43 5.66 1.00 0.02 0.59 - Jinghang Canal and DanJinLiCao River Taixing Huangqiao WW Dongjianghuang 1551.25 3193.75 2190 273.75 31.9375 228.125 River Total (short term) 7026.68 42984.41 26828.5 3595.27 424.4025 2045.625 Total (Long term) 7026.68 53934.41 33763.5 4507.77 551.9025 2950.625

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 49 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT 6.2.5. BENEFITS TO WATER RESOURCES

The implementation of the project will reduce the pollution load to the recipient water bodies (Yangtze River, local rivers in Tai Lake Basin, and canals). The situation of groundwater over- exploitation in some rural areas will also be rectified.

In addition, the projected water reuse will help alleviate the water scarcity in Jiangsu Province. The general improvements of groundwater and surface water quality could possibly make more water available for use as drinking water in the future, although this benefit is hard to quantify yet.

6.3. IMPACT ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION FOR PROJECT LOCATION

6.3.1. LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

For detailed impacts and action plans, please refer to RAP document dated July 14th 2008.

6.3.1.1. SUMMARY OF IMPACTS

Permanent land acquisition is required for 10 subprojects.

In addition, 345.24ha of land will be temporarily used, affecting 412 households (3433 persons).

6.3.1.2. MITIGATION AND MONITORING

(For detailed impacts and action plans please refer to RAP document.)

The impact of temporary land occupation can be mitigated by improved planning of works which can help minimize the duration of occupation.

If urban construction is planned on the same location as the networks, it is recommended that both constructions should be synchronised in order to minimize the duration of nuisance.

The contractor’s obligations should include the minimization of temporary land occupation and appropriate restoration. The extent of occupied land and the quality of restoration should be monitored as part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

6.3.2. IMPACT ON ECOLOGY

6.3.2.1. GENERAL

The project will not involve any destruction of valuable natural land. The selected project sites have no particular ecological value.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 50 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT The natural habitat for the protected species such as dolphin and Chinese sturgeon within the defined protection zone will not be affected by the effluent generated from project sites.

6.3.2.2. VEGETATION CLEARING DURING CONSTRUCTION

The development of the water and wastewater network, the building of WTPs, WWTPs and pumping stations, may require the cutting of trees. It is currently difficult to quantify the impact but during works, field inspectors in charge of supervising the EMP will ensure that any tree is cut by absolute necessity, that any cutting is registered and that the project will ensure replanting of trees at a rate of not less than one tree planted for one cut.

6.3.2.3. AQUATIC ECOLOGY OF RIVERS

Regarding aquatic ecology, the aquatic ecological environments in towns along rivers are already affected due to long term effect and multi-sources, in terms of pollution from industrial and domestic wastewater, non-point sources, disposal of refuse and serious soil erosion. The problems include silt-up of watercourse, eutrophication of water bodies, floating of algae, abnormal water colour and bad smell. Even if industrial effluents are occasionally not compliant with relevant national discharge standards, the non-compliant discharge is not considered as the main reason for the pollution of aquatic ecology.

But with measures imposed on the contractor to control river pollution from construction sites, significant impacts of construction on the aquatic environment are not anticipated.

Impact during operation will be globally beneficial on the rivers and the downstream water bodies such as wetlands and lakes, as a direct consequence of pollution discharge abatement.

6.3.2.4. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY OF RECEIVING WATERS

For Zhenjiang Dingmao and Jianbi WW components, the wastewater from the proposed WWTPs will be compliant with ⅠA Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002, which will efficiently reduce pollution of receiving waters.

For the subproject in DingMao, the proposed sites are not located in the Nature Protection Testing Zone of Yangtze River Dolphin, 4.5km away. The Figure below shows the location of the plant site and the protection zones, as well as other protection targets.

To assess the impacts on environmental quality and ecological function of the Nature Protection Testing Zone, 1-D and 2-D hydrodynamic models were used to simulate the impact on the natural reserve for the dolphin under four scenarios, together with the impact analysis in terms of aquatic environment, air quality and noise level. (Please see the details attached as Appendix 5)

According to the simulation of hydraulic performances, the flow close to the outfall of Dingmao WWTP is parallel to the shoal. As the water level along the shoal is relatively low with low flow rate and the absorptive capacity of Yangtze River Is 7580m3/s at absolute dry season, the diffusion of effluents into the Yangtze River is not anticipated to have significant impacts on the Nature Protection Testing Zone of Yangtze River Dolphin on the north branch of Yangtze River as shown in the Figure 6-1 below. It has also been concluded that there will be no impact under both normal operation and accidental discharge conditions.

In addition, a set of models simulating river network water quantity and quality in Tai Lake Basin were used to calculate water quantity in Zhenjiang Jianbi and Danyang Shicheng WW components. The detailed information on the model is included in Appendix 5.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 51 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 52 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

FIGURE 6-1: LOCATION OF SEWAGE OUTFALL AND PROTECTION ZONE ASSOCIATED WITH DINGMAO WWTP IN ZHENJIANG MUNICIPALITY

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 53 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

6.3.2.5. IMPACTS ON WATER AND SOIL

The construction and transportation for the project earthworks will lead to the ground exposure and the generation of large amount of airborne dust in dry season, which will affect photosynthesis and growth of nearby crops and trees and consequently reduce the crop yield. In the rainy season the scouring of loose soil into the farmland around the construction sites will also have adverse effects on the crop growth.

The excavated earthwork will be washed away if not cleared in a timely manner. The excavation in open spaces during rainy season will have some impact on aquatic/ecological environments due to heavy precipitation. The construction period for excavation should be shortened as much as possible and many mitigation measures for soil erosion should be taken in a timely manner in order to minimize the impact on environment.

6.3.3. IMPACT ON HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUES

There are so far no properties of significant historical or cultural value on the proposed subproject sites. However, some buried and unknown cultural resources may be discovered during construction activities and may require immediate protective measures. A specific procedure (see Section 8- EMP) has been proposed for mitigation which includes at least:

z a certificate to be requested from the Local Cultural Relics Bureau prior to the construction activities on the project sites;

z workers to receive training on identification and reporting of any possible buried relics;

z a procedure for reporting and protection of any physical cultural resource (PCR) discovered or suspected;

z further investigations to be carried out and appropriate salvation measures to be implemented in case any PCR is discovered.

6.3.4. IMPACT ON LANDSCAPE

The following pictures represent the current view of the proposed sites for the WTPs/WWTPs.

FIGURE 6-2: PHOTOS OF FUTURE SITE OF HUANGQIAO WWTP

Future site of Huangqiao WWTP (Taixing) Land Planning of Huangqiao WWTP (Taixing)

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 54 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Water treatment plants and WWTPs have a potentially important negative impact when they are built in open space (e.g. Taixing ). Therefore, provisions will be taken for landscaping and planting trees around the newly built water plants and WWTP.

To minimize the impact of water treatment plants, design principles in PRC are as follows:

(1) Every effort must be made to ensure a compact design layout, the short pipelines and have the nodes as small as possible. Attention must be paid to conserving land.

(2) The auxiliary productive buildings shall be arranged integrally in order to increase the reliability and convenience of the unified management and production of the whole plant.

(3) The main people flow and material flow in the plant area must be separated in order to avoid any interference in the movement of people and materials, and disturbance and pollution in the front area of the plant.

(4) The width of the trunk roads in the plant will be 6～7m，the width of the secondary roads will be 3.5～4.0m，and the walk way is 1.5m wide. The turning radius of the trunk roads will be 9.0m，and that of the secondary roads will be 6.0m.

(5) The plant area shall meet the requirements of the flood control. The flood control should be designed to withstand 50 years of flooding.

(6) The plant coverage can not be less than 35%.

(7) The height of the enclosing walls shall not be lower than 2.2m.

6.4. IMPACT ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION DURING CONSTRUCTION

6.4.1. NUISANCES FROM EARTHWORKS AND SPOIL – SPOIL MANAGEMENT PLAN

During construction, significant volumes of spoil will be generated which is mainly composed of earth from excavation works not reused for filling or reclamation, and of the products from demolition of existing buildings and concrete structures.

The potential impact of spoil and its transportation are listed below:

z Through runoff, the spoil will be washed into the sewerage system, which could result in sewer clog and sediment formation, causing the consequence of flooding after heavy rainfall;

z The fallout and scattering of spoil along the transportation routes will result in dust nuisance;

z Exhaust gas emission from vehicles and noise nuisance.

For Zhenjiang Jianbi, Zhenjiang Dingmao, Taixing Huangqiao WW subprojects, the spoil generated during construction will be collected and stored by the contractor in specific places which are far from rivers and sewers to avoid water pollution and sewer clog. For Nanjing Tiebei, Nanjing Qiaobei, Danyang Shicheng, Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou WW subprojects, only limited amount of the construction waste will be collected by the City Sanitation and Appearance Bureau and finally be transported to the sanitary landfill, which will not affect the service capacity of the sanitary landfill. The spoils should be disposed of within the same day, and if not possible, the maximum temporary on-site storage of spoil should not be more than 2 days.. In individual EA reports for subprojects, the relevant spoil management plans (cf EMP) have been

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 55 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT established by the project owner so that the adverse impacts on project site and its surrounding would be minimized.

For most cities, the spoil will be transported to designated places for filling low-lying land.

Information on some sites for the disposal of the spoil, referred to as landfill, e.g. Chengdong sanitary landfill in Zhenjiang is available in Table 6-17 on Page 75.

Spoil will need to be removed from the construction sites using trucks, which results in dust nuisance for residents and public safety issues related to the risks of traffic accident. Strict procedures related to this activity should be followed by the contractor in charge.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 56 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

TABLE 6-4: DATA ON THE SPOIL GENERATED DURING CONSTRUCTION

Spoil Percentage Excavation Backfilling Generation Subproject of spoil (%) Spoil Disposal (m3) (m3) (m3) Yancheng Regional Water 246,683 190423 56,249 22.8 Used for road base construction and water and soil conservation Supply Project The spoil will be transported by the contractor to an abandoned pond in Huangqiao Town. There is no residential building around the Taixing Regional Water 777,500 748,700 28,800 3.70 pond with area of 13,000 m3, where 97,500 m3 spoil can be stored. Supply Project Thus, the spoil (28,800 m3) generated by this subproject can be disposed of Zhenjiang Jinshan Water 69,732 45,411 24,321 34.88 Transported to Zhenjiang Spoil Disposal Centre Supply Project Danyang Urban Construction Waste Administration Station is Danyang Regional Water 140,800 83,000 57,800 41.11 responsible for the disposal. Contract has been signed. The spoil Supply Project will be used for road construction, low-lying land filling, etc. Nanjing Qiaobei 1,483,000 1,281,500 201,500 13.59 The spoil will be used as base material for WWTP Wastewater Project Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater The spoil will be used for base and low-lying land filling, greening - - 62,063 Project etc. Nanjing Chengbei The spoil generated will be transported to designated dumping sites 1,587,800 1,394,800 193,000 12.2 Wastewater Project by trucks The total amount of spoil generated by construction of sewer system will be 5,084.8m3. The spoil will be used for base backfilling in Zhenjiang Dingmao 55,650 110,565.2 -54915.2 - Dingmao WWTP, which has little impact on aquatic and ecological Wastewater Project environment. The other spoil required for backfilling will be the spoil generated from Zhengrunzhou and Jianbi WW subprojects. Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou A part of spoil will be used for road base construction, the other part 127,300 82,500 44,800 35.19 Wastewater Project will be transported to Dingmao WWTP for backfilling The spoil will be transported to Dingmao WWTP if the soil quality is Zhenjiang Jianbi 101,791 50,486 51,305 50.40 good. Otherwise the spoil will be transported to Chengdong Landfill Wastewater Project Site. Danyang Shicheng The spoil will be transported to Danyang EDZ for filling the low-lying 40,600 35,500 5,100 12,56 Wastewater Project area.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 57 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Spoil Percentage Excavation Backfilling Generation Subproject of spoil (%) Spoil Disposal (m3) (m3) (m3) Taixing Huangqiao Spoil is used as filling material for WWTP’s base. Additional soil of 425,870 431,540 -5670 - Wastewater Project 5,670m3 will be needed.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 58 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

6.4.2. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY AND MITIGATION

6.4.2.1. IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

The main air pollution sources are machines burning fuel for digging, transportation, loading, unloading and vibration. Dust and waste gas from these machines affects air quality surrounding the work place. The area most affected is located in a range of around 100 m all around project sites, but also main access roads to sites which will be supporting the heavy truck traffic.

The same impacts will be observed along the network rehabilitation or extension sites, where the impact may be more direct for the population than that from the various plant sites, as the resident population will be located much closer to works, but the duration should be shorter as the work sites will keep changing.

If construction spoil is not properly disposed of or stockpiled, it can impact the cleanliness of the city. If excavated spoil is piled for several weeks, the spoil will be dried by exposure to sunlight and wind and when disturbed, will raise dust clouds resulting in an increase in the fine particulate content of the ambient air. Hence, management of spoil during the construction should be reinforced to prevent excessive impact on air quality from increased dust emissions.

6.4.2.2. MITIGATION MEASURES

Mitigation mainly concerns appropriate construction and earthworks management methods to be adopted by the Contractor:

z During excavation/filling earthworks, water will be sprayed to maintain a certain level of humidity; the soil surface of the construction site and worker camps as well as other project areas will be regularly sprayed during dry periods to prevent dust emission;

z Disposal sites for excavated material will be compacted and sprayed with water regularly; spoil not used on site will be removed as soon as possible for eventual disposal outside urbanized areas;

z Inflammable construction waste (cartons, paper, plastic, wood, etc.) will not be burned on site but transported to appropriate landfill or disposal site;

z Cooking for workers on sites will rely on gas or electrical cookers, and will not use charcoal or wood or any product generating dust or fumes;

z Trucks for spoil transportation will be covered before they leave the construction sites to limit dust emission during travel to disposal site; washing stations will be installed in main construction sites (WWTP) to avoid release of mud on public streets and roads with eventual production of dust (or sediment to sewers);

z Strict maintenance of vehicle engines and other heavy machinery will be implemented by the contractor to reduce smoke and gas emission;

z Road transportation routes will be selected so as to avoid residential areas.

The detailed mitigation measures for air pollution during construction are summarised in EMP.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 59 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT 6.4.3. NOISE FROM TRANSPORT AND USE OF HEAVY MACHINERY

Intensity of construction noise varies according to type of construction machines and distance from activity. Allowable maximum standard varies according to the time of the day and to the concerned area. Table below shows the noise intensity as a function of distance from source for typical construction equipment:

TABLE 6-5: NOISE INTENSITY OF MAJOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT UNIT dB(A) Constructio Major Noise Distance to Noise Source (m) n Phase Source 5 10 30 50 100 150 200 300 500 Excavator 71.0 65.0 55.5 51.0 45.0 41.5 39.0 35.5 31.0 bulldozer 80.0 74.0 64.5 60.0 54.0 50.5 48.0 54.5 50.0 Site levelling Scraper 81.0 75.0 65.5 61.0 55.0 51.5 50.0 45.5 41.0 Tipping truck 71.0 65.0 55.5 51.0 45.0 41.5 40.0 35.5 31.0 Piling Static Pile Driver 86.0 80.0 70.5 66.0 60.0 56.5 54.0 50.5 46.0 Vibrator 87.0 81.0 71.5 67.0 61.0 57.5 55.0 51.5 47.0 Building Mixer 90.0 64.054.5 50.0 44.0 40.5 40.0 34.5 30.0 operation Lifter 71.0 65.055.5 51.0 45.0 41.5 40.0 35.5 31.0

During construction various types of equipment work simultaneously, the noise level will be improved due to the addition of noise from different sources and noise radiation will be intensified.

To minimize the noise from the transport and use of heavy machinery, the following mitigation measures should be implemented during the construction:

z Enhance the management during construction, arrange the construction schedule properly, and notify the local residents of construction. The regulations regarding management of noise during construction should be strictly followed, and Standard for Permissible Noise Level for Construction Sites should be applied.

z To minimize the impact of construction noise on the protection points, construction should be carried out at daytime. No construction between 10 p.m.-6 a.m. is allowed. Use of equipment with high noise emission is forbidden even if construction at night has to be carried out. During daytime construction submerged pump and vibrator should be placed more than 5 m away from residential area; excavator, lifter, tip lorry and trucks should be placed more than 10m away from residential area; Pile driver, tamping machine and mixer should be placed more than 50m away from residential area. During construction at night, submerged pump and vibrator should be placed more than 20 m away from residential area; lifter should be placed more than 50m away from residential area; excavator, tip lorry and truck should be placed more than 60m away from residential area. Mixers should be placed more than 200m away from residential area. Use of pile driver and tamping machine at night is forbidden.

z Noise reduction measures should be taken for various types of construction equipment. Equipment should be put in places with minimum impact on residential areas nearby. Temporary noise barriers should be installed around the fixed noise sources. Meanwhile, temporary fence should be set up on construction site close to residential areas to ensure the quality of life

z The process and operating procedures should be improved to reduce the construction noise, and mechanical equipment should be fixed and maintained on a regular basis. Idle equipment should be turned off in a timely manner.

z Prior to continuous concreting, preparation should be made to shorten the operation time of mixers as much as possible.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 60 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

z The transportation routes and schedule should be properly arranged. Speed limits should be set, and use of horns is forbidden so as to avoid the noise caused by traffic jam.

The detailed mitigation measures for noise during construction in each subproject are summarised in EMP.

6.4.4. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY

During construction, water pollution sources are mainly domestic wastewater generated by workers and from construction activities. To minimize the potential impacts on water quality, the following measures will be taken:

z Domestic wastewater should be discharged into the municipal sewerage network via existing facilities as much as possible; otherwise the domestic wastewater should be treated on-site to meet the relevant discharge standard.

z Production wastewater is mainly composed of wastewater (for cleaning the plant and equipment, and washing trucks) and oily wastewater containing SS and petroleum. Despite the small amount, the production wastewater can still affect the river quality if untreated or improperly treated. Hence, the wastewater during construction should not be discharged directly. Storage tank, sedimentation tank, separation tank, drain and other wastewater treatment facilities should be built, so that the wastewater quality should satisfy the discharge standard before being discharged into sewer system or rivers nearby.

The detailed mitigation measures for water pollution during construction in each subproject are summarised in EMP.

6.4.5. OFF-SITE PUBLIC SAFETY AND INCONVENIENCE

The construction of sewage network and pumping station will have impacts on local traffic by blocking the traffic during road excavation and pipe piles, which results in traffic jam, high risk of traffic accident. In addition, the increase in transport load and spoil on the road during rainy days will also affect traffic conditions.

To mitigate impacts on traffic safety and urban traffic during construction, the following measures should be taken:

z prior to construction, the contractor should keep contact with road and traffic administration divisions in order to get support and cooperation, and to avoid the impact on the existing traffic facilities;

z The construction of pipeline network should be implemented section by section to minimize the construction coverage and shorten the construction period;

z Temporary roads which will be removed afterwards should be made available for busy traffic roads. Meanwhile, necessary traffic signs should be set up and specific persons available for traffic mitigation;

z The excavation, installation and backfilling should be completed as soon as possible to ensure the safety of vehicles and passers-by;

z The materials transportation should be arranged to avoid the rush hours so as to reduce traffic load.

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 61 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT For WS components, major chlorine leakage accidents will expose the off-site general public to danger, and the potential risks and impacts have been analysed, with mitigation measures proposed in individual EMPs.

6.4.6. MANAGEMENT OF WASTE ON CONSTRUCTION SITES

The construction waste (such as sand, lime, concrete, waste brick, earth, etc) and domestic waste will be generated during construction period, and to mitigate the potential environmental impacts, the following measures should be taken:.

z Prior to commencement of construction activities, the construction waste and domestic waste disposal plan should be submitted to the Waste Administration Division to declare the construction waste and the associated disposal proposal. The construction should only start after obtaining this approval.

z Soil excavated from pipe laying should be monitored. The soil with high heavy metal concentration beyond the limit of standard should be transported to the landfill site. The landfill site needs seeping protection measures;

z Construction waste should be separately stored according to its classification. Construction waste should be reused as much as possible. Non-reusable waste should be collected by a qualified contractor for recycling or landfill disposal.

z Domestic waste should be collected and transported to landfill site by the City Sanitation and Appearance Bureau regularly in a timely manner. No littering is allowed so as to avoid secondary pollution.

A waste management plan should be provided as part of the contractor’s obligations. Waste management will be monitored as part of the EMP.

6.4.7. END OF CONSTRUCTION AND CLOSURE OF CAMPS

The contractor will be responsible for developing a Restoration Plan for each site. After project completion, The contractor will be responsible for restoring the land to its original state in a timely manner. Payment to the contractor should be dependent on the fulfilling of each restoration program.

6.5. IMPACT ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION DURING CONSTRUCTION

6.5.1. IMPACT ON NOISE DURING OPERATION OF WTP AND WWTPS

6.5.1.1. NOISE IMPACT FROM WTP OPERATION

For WS components, the noise sources are pumps and centrifugal dehydrators. Noise projections have been made in the EA’s with a simple noise dispersion model. The assessment of acoustic environment of protection points around the project site is subject to the Class Ⅱ Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area GB3096-93. The assessment of noise at proposed pumping stations and plant boundaries is subject to the Standard for Permissible Noise Level for Construction Sites GB12523-90.

According to the noise projections shown in the table below, the noise from the WTPs and the pumping station will have no serious impact on the residents living around the plant boundaries

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 62 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT and in the protection zones. In addition, noise will be monitored during WTP operation as part of the EMP.

TABLE 6-6: NOISE PROJECTION DURING OPERATION OF WTPS

No. Subproject Value(dB[A]) Standard/Class Conformity Comments Daytime Night (Y/N) 1 Yancheng- Water 43.1-45.9 38.7-41.4 Industrial Standard15 Class II Y Intake Yancheng- 46.3-50.1 41.9-43.9 Industrial Standard Class III; Y Chengdong WTP Industrial Standard Class IV for main traffic roads; Yancheng- 47.0-50.4 45.0-47.1 Industrial Standard Class II Y pumping station 2 Taixing-Heshi 59.5-73.9 55.2-62.2 Industrial Standard Class IV N Background Pumping Station traffic Taixing-Huangqiao 49.7-54.7 46.3-51.9 Industrial Standard Class II Y Pumping Station Taixing- Gensi 50.7-52.0 48.0-50.3 Industrial Standard Class II Y Pumping Station Urban Standard16 Class II Taixing- 51.0-51.3 48.5-49.1 Industrial Standard Class II Y Zhangqiao Pumping Station Urban Standard Class II 3 Zhenjiang- 48.7-52.7 48.9-51.5 Industrial Standard Class II N Background Pumping station noise

Zhenjiang- 49.6-54.9 48.7-52.7 Industrial Standard Class II N Background Jingshan WTP noise

Zhenjiang- the 49.35-51.2 48.0-50.0 Urban Standard Class II Y neighboring residential area 4 Danyang- No.4 56.8-58.1 48.9-54.4 Industrial Standard Class II Y WTP

Danyang-sensitive 57.0-57.3 48.3-50.0 Urban Standard Class II Y receivers

To reduce the noise generated during operation of WTPs, the following measures can be taken:

z Enhance the management during construction, arrange the construction schedule properly, and notify the local residents of construction;

z The regulations regarding management of noise during construction should be strictly followed, and Standard for Permissible Noise Level for Construction Sites should be applied. Construction with high noise emission should be carried out at daytime. No construction with high noise emission between 10 p.m.-6 a.m. is allowed;

z Use equipment with low noise emission as much as possible, e.g. use hydraulic lifting devices in stead of pneumatic tools. Apply on-site noise insulation device, use

15 Standard for Permissible Noise Level for Construction Sites GB12348-90 16 Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area GB3096-93 SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 63 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT advertisement boards to fence project sites. In addition, adopt construction methods with low noise emission;

z Locate machineries in places with lowest impact on the residential areas nearby. Erect temporary noise barrier, such as bamboo fence and fabric curtain, around the fixed noise sources e.g. mixer; Erect noise barriers or walls around the construction site to mitigate the impact of noise on residents living around WTPs;

z Equip construction machineries and vehicles with noise reduction devices. Arrange transportation routes and schedules to control the impact of noise emission.

6.5.1.2. NOISE IMPACT FROM WWTP OPERATION

During the operation phase, the main sources of noise will be the pumping stations and WWTP with equipment such as pumps, ventilators and air compressors.

Based on the environmental profiles of project area, assessment of acoustic environment of the protection points around project areas has been carried out in compliance with the Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area GB3096-93. Assessment of noise at boundary of WWTP has been carried out in compliance with the Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises GB12348-90. The evaluation factor is equivalent continuous noise level Leq (A).

According to the noise projections shown in the tables below, the noise from the WWTPs and the pumping station will have no serious impact on the residents living around the plant boundaries and in the protection zones. In addition, noise will be monitored during WWTP operation as part of the EMP.

TABLE 6-7: NOISE PROJECTION DURING OPERATION OF WWTPS

Subproject Monitoring Value(dB[A]) Standard/Class Conformity Comments Points Daytime Night (Y/N) Nanjing Qiaobei WWTP boundary 51.0-54.1 41.9-9.5 Industrial Y WW Standard17 Class II

Nanjing Tiebei WWTP boundary 54.5-61.2 51.0-54.9 Industrial Standard Y WW Class III Nanjing Meijiatang Industrial Standard Y Chengbei WW Pumping Station Class II Zhenjiang WWTP boundary 53.8-54.4 44.59- Industrial Standard Y Zhengrunzhou 46.44 Class II WW Zhenjiang Jianbi WWTP boundary 49.5-54.8 48.2-54.62 Industrial Standard Y WW Class III Urban Standard18 Class III Zhenjiang WWTP boundary 49.3-61.3 45.6-53.2 Industrial Standard Y Dingmao WW Class III Sensitive 55.7-61.3 45.6-45.9 Urban Standard Y receivers Class III Danyang No impact (only sewers) Shicheng WW

17 Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises GB12348-90 18 Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area GB3096-93 SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 64 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Subproject Monitoring Value(dB[A]) Standard/Class Conformity Comments Points Daytime Night (Y/N) Taixing East, west and 46.5-50.2 45.1-49.3 Urban Standard Y HuangQiao WW north boundaries Class II of WWTP South boundary of 48.3 46.6 Urban Standard Y WWTP Class IV

To reduce the noise generated during operation of WWTPs, the following measures can be taken:

z Enhance the maintenance of various types of machineries, implement noise insulation measures for major noise sources.

z control noise in the plant. If possible, sound-proof or insulate the operations room. When working in an environment subject to high noise levels, workers should use PPE and shorten the working hours according to regulations concerning labour protection;

z Improve the greening in the plant, set up greening belts in some places with high noise emission to reduce noise;

z Follow transportation routes and schedule to minimize the impact of noise on traffic roads;

z To control the impact of noise on plant boundaries, equip the buildings with sound absorbing ceiling and walls, keep the windows closed and/or double-glazing, use submerged pumps at WWTP pumping stations.

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6.5.2. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY DURING OPERATION OF WTP AND WWTPS

6.5.2.1. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY FROM WTP OPERATION

The operation of WTP and pumping station will not release any pollutant into the atmosphere on a permanent basis. However, one temporary discharge is worth a mention: the possible leakage of chlorine gas used for the chlorination/disinfection of water.

Also there could be some chlorine smell in the immediate vicinity of the storage and disinfection room, but the proposed use of chlorine for the process of disinfection is unlikely to represent a nuisance for surrounding residents, if the treatment system could be well maintained and a buffer strip could be established.

No significant impact on air quality is anticipated during operation of the WTP.

6.5.2.2. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY FROM WWTP OPERATION

Domestic wastewater to be treated in WWTPs contains a great deal of protein and other organic substances which easily decay and consequently create odorous substances such as H2S, NH3. Hence, the main air pollutants generated during operation of WWTPs are H2S and NH3. The odour emission comes from non-point sources, such as screening room, aeration tank, sludge thickening tank, sludge dewatering tank and associated wastewater pumping stations. The WWTP subprojects will adopt processes which produce low levels of odour and establish buffer zones as described below.

Air quality will be monitored during WWTP operation as part of the EMP.

6.5.2.3. DETERMINATION OF BUFFER ZONE

The following table summarizes the buffer zone and determination methods adopted by various components of the project.

TABLE 6-8: DETERMINATION OF BUFFER ZONE Buffer zone Name of Sub-project Facility Method of Estimation estimated (m)

1:Technical Methods for establishing Local Air Pollution Emission Standards (GB/T13201-91)* Nanjing Qiaobei WWTP 200 Wastewater Project 2: Analogy based Investigation of Odour Intensity

1:Technical Methods for establishing Local Air Pollution Emission Standards (GB/T13201-91) Nanjing Tiebei WWTP 100 Wastewater Project 2: Analogy based Investigation of Odour Intensity

The pumping station will be fully enclosed and equipped with a deodorant control cabinet EP-CT-2. The treated exhaust gas will be emitted though a 23m high chimney. Nanjing Chengbei The concentrations of NH and H S are far below the standard level. The Wastewater Project 3 2 concentration monitored at boundary of pumping station can meet the requirements of discharge standards which will have little impact on residential areas nearby.

Zhenjiang Jianbi WWTP 200 1: Technical Methods for establishing Local Air

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Buffer zone Name of Sub-project Facility Method of Estimation estimated (m) Wastewater Project Pollution Emission Standards (GB/T13201-91) pumping 50 2: Analogy based Investigation of Odour station Intensity

1: Technical Methods for establishing Local Air WWTP 200 Pollution Emission Standards (GB/T13201-91) Zhenjiang Dingmao Wastewater Project pumping 2: Analogy based Investigation of Odour 50 station Intensity

Danyang Shicheng Pumping Technical Methods for establishing Local Air 50 Wastewater Project station Pollution Emission Standards (GB/T13201-91)

WWTP 200 Taixing Huangqiao Technical Methods for establishing Local Air Wastewater Project pumping Pollution Emission Standards (GB/T13201-91) 50 station

Note:

*The calculation for estimating buffer zone is based on the formula in GB/T13201-91:

Q 1 c = (BLc + 0.25r 2 )0.50 LD C A m

Where:

Cm -Standard concentration limit, mg/Nm3;

L -Required buffer zone for industrial company, m;

r -Equivalent radius for amorphous sources of hazardous gas;

A, B, C, D -Parameters for calculation according to GB/T13201-91 category 3;

Q -Control level for amorphous-source industrial hazardous gas emission, k·gh-1

6.5.3. IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES AND WATER QUALITY DURING OPERATION OF WTP AND WWTPS

6.5.3.1. IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES

The 4 water supply components will increase the volume of water abstraction from either the Yangtze river or the canal. The following table summarizes the studies done on water resources for each component, from which it can be seen that the focus has been on quality, whereas the basin-wide water resource study is not mentioned.

TABLE 6-9: BASIC INFORMATION ON ACCOCIATED WS SUBPROJECTS

Subproject Studies done Comments

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Subproject Studies done Comments Yancheng According to the Water Resources Assessment - Regional Report for Water Intake of Yancheng Chengdong WS WTP on Tongyu River (Phase Ⅰ) established by Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau of Jiangsu Province March 2006, the water intake construction project with a capacity of 300,000 m3/d is feasible in compliance with policy and water resource bearing capacity. Danyang In January 2007, environmental impact assessment No quantitative analysis Regional for expansion project of water intake in Danyang City provided WS has been completed by EA agency commissioned by Construction Bureau of Danyang City. For details, please refer to EIA Report for Expansion of Water Intake Pipe on Huanggang Water Intake on Yangzte River in Danyang City The use of Jiuqu River as standby water intake for No quantitative analysis Taixing City is feasible provided Taixing Existing Yangtze river intake - Regional WS The use of Rutaiyun River as standby water intake - for Taixing City is feasible. Zhenjiang Comply with local water supply master plan for - Jinshan WS Zhenjiang

6.5.3.2. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY

Except for Taixing, the tail water and the domestic wastewater from the WTPs involved in the Project will be treated, and then reused for the plants (domestic wastewater) or sent back into the water treatment process.

The discharge of tail water into the river will cause SS increase, and sludge treatment has been recommended from the EA institute.

To avoid the pollution risk resulting from overload or break down of the treatment process, the provision of emergency power facility and spare pumps should be planned for each plant.

6.5.3.3. RISK OF RAW WATER POLLUTION

The information on water intakes involved in Jiangsu WS sub-projects is presented in the table below:

TABLE 6-10: BASIC INFORMATION ON WATER SOURCES

Name of Sub-project Water Intake Raw Water Quality Current Status of Water Intake

Yancheng Regional Tongyu River Compliant with Class Ⅲ Compliant with the Standard Water Supply Project Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB3838-2002,

Taixing Regional Water Yong’an Section Compliant with Class Ⅱ Compliant with the Standard Supply Project of Yangtze River Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB3838-2002

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Name of Sub-project Water Intake Raw Water Quality Current Status of Water Intake Compliant with Class Ⅱ Zhenjiang Jinshan Zhenjiang Environmental Quality Compliant with the Standard Water Supply Project Section of Standards for Surface Yangtze River Water GB3838-2002

Danyang Regional Huanggang Compliant with Class Ⅱ The new water intake is about 1550m away Water Supply Project Section of Environmental Quality from the existing Huanggang Water Intake Yangtze River Standards for Surface on the southern bank of Yangtze River. The Water GB3838-2002 water depth is approximately 15 m. With low organic pollutants, the water pollution is not serious.

According to the Regulations on Pollution Prevention and Control in Drinking Water Source Protection Zone, Regulations on Prevention and Control of Yangtze River Water Pollution of Jiangsu Province, Standard for Raw Water Quality issued by SEPA and Ministry of Health (MOH), relevant water source protection measures and contingency measures for water intake pollution should be taken to protect drinking water sources and mitigate the impact on raw water quality. However, from the EIAs provided, further analysis of raw water pollution risk needs to be done.

6.5.3.4. IMPACT OF OVERFLOW AND ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE

Based on the projection and design criteria, the effluents from WWTPs will not pose any significant impact on the surface water quality. However, the effluents from WWTPs still need to be routinely monitored during operation.

During the operation of WWTP, mechanical failure and power outage can affect the continuous treatment of wastewater, which would result in the overflow and accidental spillage. A summary of prevention measures for overflow and accidental spillage is attached in the EMP.

6.5.3.5. CONVERSION OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION TO POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

A negative impact of additional wastewater collection and treatment could be the transformation of non-point source pollution into point source pollution. In other words, even if the total pollutant loads to rivers decreases, the aquatic ecology of rivers could suffer from receiving WWTP effluents locally. In the case of Jiangsu, the effluents from WWTPs will comply with Class IA standard (Pollutant Discharge Standards for Municipal WWTP GB18918-2002). Considering the current quality of rivers, the impact of such WWTP discharges will not be significant in the near future. However the WWTP effluents and local river quality should be monitored to identify possible negative impacts.

6.5.3.6. OPERATION RISK FROM INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

As a certain amount of industrial wastewater will be collected and then treated in the WWTP, discharge of explosive or toxic substances into the sewers by the enterprises will cause negative impact on the effluent quality. Therefore, the relevant national laws and regulations regarding the discharge of industrial effluents into the urban sewers have been issued by SEPA and local government. After the wastewater has been properly treated on-site by the industrial enterprises, the quality of effluent from the industrial enterprises should comply with the national standard of Comprehensive Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB8978 – 1996) and the standard published by the Ministry of Construction – Quality of Sewage Water Discharged into Urban Sewers (CJ3082－1999).

SOGREAH CHINA – 2070015 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 69 THE WORLD BANK JIANGSU WS&WW PROJECT CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

6.5.3.7. MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING

The above impact assessment shows that JSW&WP will have several positive impacts on the surface water quality in the short and long run if the pollution abatement can be efficiently achieved as designed. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out maintenance works on the collection and treatment facilities as well as monitoring inspections and monitoring activities in accordance with relevant legislation and regulations.

6.5.3.8. EXPLOSION RISK

As liquid chlorine is used as disinfectant in the WTP, improper storage and transport of liquid chlorine might pose an explosion risk to the people and properties of the WWTP. Therefore, risk assessment and projection for explosion should be carried out for each WTP.

Detailed procedures for explosion risk control are described in the EMP.

6.5.3.9. RISK OF POLLUTION FROM CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES

The leakage of Cl2 pipes in the WTPs might pollute the surrounding environment and endanger the health of the operators. However, since only a small amount of Cl2 is stored in the project, the risk could be controlled with complete preventive and remedial measures, such as leakage prevention treatment of the ground in the Cl2 storage site, the proper choice of anticorrosive material for equipment and pipes in contact with Cl2, sufficient distance between the equipments and works in the storage area, the enforcement of staff safety training, periodical inspection of preventive equipment, etc.

The use of chemicals for water treatment can also cause adverse impacts to the health of workers. This impact can be reduced by selecting treatment processes using harmless chemicals, and by implementing strict safety procedures on site (see EMP).

Detailed emergency plans should be prepared according to requirements of authorities at various levels responsible for safety in production. In particular, the periodic drill should be part of the emergency plan. Such emergency plans should be included in the EMP as well.

6.6. MANAGEMENT OF SLUDGE AND WASTE FROM WTPS AND WWTPS

6.6.1. SLUDGE AND WASTE FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Impact of these by-products on the environment is limited. However, they should be managed properly to mitigate the negative impacts.

TABLE 6-11: ESTIMATED SLUDGE GENERATION FROM WTPS (DATA FROM INDIVIDUAL EIAS)

Subproject Plant Capacity (m3/d) Wet sludge water content (%) production (t/a)

Yancheng Regional Chengdong 200,000 17301 70 Water Supply Project WTP Taixing Regional Baota WTP 50,000 1320 Water Supply Project Zhenjiang Jinshan Jinshan WTP 200,000 28,700 70 Water Supply Project

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Subproject Plant Capacity (m3/d) Wet sludge water content (%) production (t/a)

Danyang Regional No.4 WTP 100,000 52,900 80 Water Supply Project

TABLE 6-12: PROPOSED MANAGEMENT OF THE SLUDGE GENERATED FROM WTPS

Subproject Plant Sludge treatment Sludge disposal Yancheng Regional Chengdong WTP Thickening + backfill and road construction Water Supply Project dewatering Taixing Regional Baota WTP No treatment Taixing Solid Waste Landfill Site Water Supply Project Zhenjiang Jinshan Jinshan WTP Thickening + Chengdong Landfill Site in Zhenjiang Water Supply Project dewatering Danyang Regional No.4 WTP Thickening and Maojia Sanitary Landfill Site Water Supply Project dewatering

6.6.2. SLUDGE AND WASTE FROM WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

6.6.2.1. WWTP SLUDGE PRODUCTION

The wastewater subprojects have positive impacts on urban environment. However, a certain amount of sludge will be generated during the wastewater treatment process, which can result in the environmental pollution if the sludge generated is not properly collected, treated and disposed. Therefore, several measures are required to minimize the adverse impacts caused by the sludge from WWTPs. The projection of sludge generation from the proposed WWTPs during operation is shown in the table below.

TABLE 6-13: ESTIMATED SLUDGE GENERATION FROM WWTPS (DATA FROM IN DIVIDUAL EIAS)

Name of Subproject Plant Capacity Wet sludge Water Dry Sludge (m3/d) production content (%) production (t/a) (t/a)

Nanjing Qiaobei Qiaobei WWTP 100,000 16425 80 3285 Wastewater Project (long term) Nanjing Tiebei Tiebei WWTP 50,000 14600 80 2920 Wastewater Project Zhenjiang Jianbi Jianbi WWTP 10,000 2971 80 1387 Wastewater Project Zhenjiang Dingmao Dingmao WWTP 40,000 8708.9 80 1741.8 Wastewater Project

Taixing Huangqiao Huangqiao WWTP 25,000 11223.75 70 7482.5 Wastewater Project

Total - - 53928.65 - 16816.3

According to the data collected from the individual subproject EIAs, the total amount of sludge generated by the WWTPs is estimated to be about 16816.3 tons/year。

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6.6.2.2. PRODUCTION OF SOLID WASTE FROM WWTPS

In addition to the sludge, waste removed by screen bar and domestic waste also need to be properly treated, transported and disposed of. As the amount of domestic waste generated during the operation of WWTP is considered to be small, it will not be a major concern if the domestic waste can be properly collected and then sent to the domestic waste treatment centre or landfill site. The waste removed by screen bar will be collected and sent to the landfill site or incineration facility.

A summary of solid waste generation from the WWTPs is shown in the table below.

TABLE 6-14: SOLID WASTE GENERATION FROM THE WWTPS

Name of Subproject Plant Domestic Waste Waste removed Wet sludge (t/a) by screen bar production (t/a) (t/a) Nanjing Qiaobei Wastewater Qiaobei WWTP - 4970 16425 Project Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater Project Tiebei WWTP - 4970 14600

Zhenjiang Jianbi Wastewater Jianbi WWTP 13.14 276.67 2971.1 Project Zhenjiang Dingmao Wastewater Dingmao WWTP - 1292.1 8708.9 Project Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Huangqiao WWTP 18.25 11223.75 7172.2 Project Total - 31.39 22732.52 49877.2

6.6.2.3. ANTICIPATED SLUDGE QUALITY

With the operation of WWTPs, a large amount of sludge will be generated during the wastewater treatment process. Due to its high nutrient and organic substance content, sludge from WWTPs can be used as fertilizer for agriculture. However, prior to the reuse of sludge in agriculture, some parameters affecting the soil quality need to be analysed, such as the concentrations of heavy metal, organic substances and some carcinogens. The quality of sludge to be reused in agriculture should comply with the requirements of the Standard for Sludge used in Agriculture GB18918-2002 and Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use GB4284-84 (see Appendix 2).

For the Jiangsu WW subprojects, the specific analyses on the characteristics of sludge generated from the similar WWTPs have been made as part of the EIA. The analysis results are summarized in the tables below.

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TABLE 6-15: ESTIMATED COMPOSITION OF SLUDGE FROM WWTPS

Evaluation Subproject Pb Zn Cu Cd As Cr6+ Hg Ni PH Conformity Standard

Class III of the Hg and Cd Soil concentrations Nanjing Qiaobei 58.4— 36.9— 129— 1.10— 13.7— 0.016— 1.86— Environmental can not satisfy WW 98.4 39.2 181 2.6 17.6 0.020 2.13 Quality the (GB15618-1995) requirement

Nanjing Tiebei - WW

Standard for Zhenjiang Jianbi Sludge used in 31.6 1920.0 306.0 1.5 4.3 491.0 1.4 35.6 Y WW Agriculture (GB18918-2002)

Sludge Standard GB4284-84 Zhenjiang Standard for 15.1 448.0 65.6 7.3 5.9 44.3 0.2 28.6 7.5 Y Dingmao WW Sludge used in Agriculture (GB18918-2002)

Standard for Taixing Sludge used in 164.1 789.8 339.0 3.0 44.5 261.2 5.1 87.8 Y Huangqiao WW Agriculture (GB18918-2002)

It can be seen from the above table that the heavy metal content in the sludge from WWTPs generally meets the requirements for agricultural use. However, the reuse of sludge for agricultural use is not adopted for Jiangsu WW components.

6.6.2.4. SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

After dewatering, the sludge is generally transported to a landfill by 5-ton trucks. Enclosed containers will be used to avoid sludge leakage and flying. The proposed landfill sites should be provided with combined anti-seeping measures in both vertical and horizontal directions so as to prevent pollution of surface water and ground water from leaching. The leachate and gas generated at the landfill site should be collected and drained in a safe, reliable and appropriate way.

The sludge generated from Nanjing Qiaobei, Tiebei and Chengbei WWTP together with waste removed by screen bar is proposed to be sent to Nanjing Xiexin Power Plant for specific disposal, where circulating fluidized bed boilers burning sludge mixed with other fuels to solve the disposal issues regarding sludge from WWTPs in Nanjing Municipality. With the reconstruction of the existing facilities and installation of new sludge dewatering, drying and transportation systems, the annual disposal capacity of Nanjing Xiexin Power Plant has reached 50000 tons sludge. According to the individual EA, the exhaust gas generated after incineration of sludge will be treated through circulating fluidized bed, gas purifiers using turbulent flow and

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bag filters. The concentrations of SO2, soot, heavy metal and dioxin can be compliant with Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plant GB13223-2003 and Pollution Control Standards for Incineration of Domestic Waste GB18485-2001. The impact of odour generation during transportation, loading and dewatering will be mitigated by taking measures, such as sealing, extracting odorous gas to boilers for incineration. The concentration of odour can meet the requirements of Emission Standards for Odorous Pollutants GB 14554-93. The heavy metal content of ash after incineration will far lower than that of Standard for Pollutants discharged from Urban and Town Wastewater Treatment Plants GB18918-2002.

The current sludge treatment capacity of Xiexin Power Plant has reached 300t/d, 150t/d of which has been provided by Jiangxinzhou WWTP. The rest will be sludge from three proposed WWTPs (Qiaobei, Chengbei and Tiebei WW) in Nanjing Municipality. The content of sludge required for Xiexin Power Plant is between 20％ and 30％, with water content no more than 80 ％. The sludge from the proposed WWTPs will be mechanically dewatered to reach the water content of 80%. Therefore, incineration of sludge to be generated is proposed to be dewatered to reach the water content lower than 80%, which can meet the requirements of incineration. Therefore, the incineration of sludge in Nanjing Xiexin Power Plant is technically feasible. The agreement between the Tiebei WWTP and Nanjing Xiexin Power Plant has been signed. It is suggested that the analysis of sludge characteristics (e.g. heat value of sludge) should be carried out to ensure the technical feasibility of sludge reuse as alternative fuel.

After thickened and dried, the sludge from Huangqiao WWTP will temporarily be stored in on- site sludge storage site. Then the sludge with the water content of 70% will be sent to Taixing Covanta Thermal Power Co., Ltd for incineration. Located in Taixing Economic Development Zone of Jiangsu Province, the Taixing Covanta Thermal Power Co., Ltd was built and put into use in 1994. To improve the living condition of residents in Taixing City and implement the national energy saving policy, the company planned to implement a reconstruction project for incinerators with a capacity of 350 t/d, while the amount of sludge to be generated from Huangqiao WWTP is estimated to be 20.5t/d. Therefore, this disposal method is technically feasible. At present, the project has been reviewed by Taizhou municipal EPB and has been approved by Economy and Trade Commission of Taizhou City. The construction of new incinerators commenced in January 2008 and will be completed by the end of December 2008.

TABLE 6-16: SUMMARY OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL IN JIANGSU WW SUBPROJECTS

Subproject Plant Sludge treatment Sludge disposal Comments Nanjing Qiaobei Qiaobei W Dewatering Nanjing Xiexin Power Plant for Wastewater Project WTP incineration. Nanjing Tiebei Tiebei Thickening and Nanjing Xiexin Power Plant for Wastewater Project WWTP dewatering incineration. Zhenjiang Jianbi Jianbi Thickening and In the short term: The agreement between Wastewater Project WWTP dewatering the WWTP and Chengdong Landfill Chengdong Landfill Site In the long run: has been signed. Sludge reuse will be considered. Zhenjiang Dingmao Dingmao Thickening and In the short term: Wastewater Project WWTP dewatering Chengdong Landfill In the long run: Sludge reuse will be considered. Taixing Huangqiao Huangqiao Thickening and The sludge with the water The agreement between Wastewater Project WWTP dewatering content of 70% will be sent to the WWTP and Taixing Taixing Covanta Thermal Covanta Thermal Power Power Co., Ltd for incineration Co., Ltd has been signed.

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TABLE 6-17: DESCRIPTION OF SANITARY LANDFILLS FOR WWTP AND WTPS SLUDGE

Item Danyang WS Zhenjiang WS Zhenjiang WW

Zhengrunzhou Jianbi Dingmao Name of Landfill Maojia Solid Waste Chengdong Landfill Site in Zhenjiang Disposal Centre Distance to 20 - 7.9 12.1 1 WWTP/WTP (km) Date of opening of 2003 landfill Expected closing 2009 date Type of lining used Geomembrane, covered by 20cm clay and 30cm crushed stone (name & thickness) Type of leachate Collection treatment Landfill storage 400 3,600 capacity (1,000 m3) Storage availability capacity will be 584 for WWTP/WTP 109,500 t/y waste by the end of 2009 (1,000 m3) Storage availability capacity will be 3,600 for WWTP/WTP 109,500 t/y waste since 2010 (1,000 m3)

It has been noticed that the sludge generated from Zhengrunzhou, Jianbi and Dingmao WWTPs and Jinshan WTP is proposed to be landfilled in the Chengdong Landfill Site in Zhenjiang. As described in the EIAs, the Chengdong Landfill Site with the existing short-term capacity has only a 1.9 year service life, that is, by the end of 2009 there will be no space left in the Chengdong Landfill Site. Therefore, the extension of Chengdong Landfill Site has been in process. As planned, the Chengdong Landfill Site with the total capacity of 3,600,000 m3 will be put into use in 2010. The general information on the Chengdong Landfill Site is shown in the table below. However, no detailed alternative analysis has been done for the Chengdong landfill disposal.

TABLE 6-18: GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE CHENGDONG LANDFILL SITE

Chengdong Landfill Site Chengdong Landfill Site Items Unit (short term) (long term) Total Capacity 10,000 m3 180 360 Design Service Life Year 8～10 10 Actual Service Life Year 8 10 Start Year Year 2003 2010 Available Capacity 10,000 m3 58.4 360 Remaining Service Year 1.9 10 Life

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6.6.2.5. BIOGAS MANAGEMENT

During the sludge treatment process, a certain amount of biogas will be generated, the main component of which is methane. Considering its toxicity and ignitability, the biogas to be generated can be collected and reused as fuel if a biogas collection and treatment system can be built with the construction of WWTP. The table below shows that in the proposed Jiangsu WW&WS project, no specific biogas management plan has been established in each EIA report.

TABLE 6-19: BIOMASS MANAGEMENT IN WWTP SUBPROJECTS

Nr. Subproject Biogas Management

1 Nanjing-Qiaobei WW -

2 Nanjing-Tiebei WW -

Only a small amount of methane is estimated to be generated from the 3 Zhenjing-Jianbi WW Jianbi WWTP. No biogas management plan has been established

Zhenjiang-Dingmao Only a small amount of methane is estimated to be generated from the 4 WW Dingmao WWTP. No biogas management plan has been established

5 Taixing-Huangqiao WW -

6.6.3. RISK RELATED TO SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

The improper treatment of sludge has a detrimental effect on human health by the inhalation of pollutants from the sludge over long periods of time. Considering the proposed sludge disposal methods adopted in each subproject, the health risk related to sludge management is considered insignificant.

6.7. OTHER RISKS AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES

6.7.1. RESETTLEMENT ISSUES

Risk of project delay by resettlement issues have been considered for Jianbi component, though the commitment from the industrial park administration committee has been provided to complete the resettlement by the end of 2009.

Jianbi WWTP is located in the vicinity of Caijia Village within the Jingkou Industrial Zone. To implement the construction of WWTP and promote the development of Jingkou Industrial Zone, Jingkou Industrial Zone Commission promises to complete the resettlement of Caijia Village close to the Jianbi WWTP by the end of 2009. After construction of Jianbi WWTP, the WWTP project owner will negotiate with the local government about implementation of the resettlement action plan if required.

6.7.2. INSUFFICIENT WASTEWATER COLLECTION

Risk of insufficient wastewater collection has been considered by Jianbi component. According to the EA report, the project owner will be responsible for coordination with the local government.

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6.7.3. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Risks on occupational health and safety have been analysed in the individual EA’s.

Chlorine leakage, toxication by gases during maintenance work, and risks associated with working in confined spaces have been identified, with mitigation measures proposed in the EA and EMP document.

For WW components EMP (e.g. 3 components in Zhenjiang), proposed mitigation measures include:

z Good ventilation to avoid health hazard caused by excessive H2S;

z Control of on-site noise complies with national standards for permissible noise level at specific plants. Equipment with low noise emission should be selected, or working hours should be properly arranged. Operating room with sound insulation should be set up if available. Workers should use essential personal protection equipment while working in the environment with high noise emission, and the working hours should be shortened in compliance with relevant labour protection regulations.

For WS components EMP (e.g. Taixing), proposed mitigation measures include:

z Oxygen respirators and protection masks are available in chlorine room for emergency use

However, it is recommended that the training on occupational health and safety, in particular concerning confined space, breathing apparatus and other PPE required should be included as part of individual EMP.

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7. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

7.1. ALTERNATIVE WITHOUT PROJECT

If the development trend remains the same in terms of urbanization and population increase, without implementation of the Project, then:

z The drinking water supply of several cities could not be ensured in the future, since groundwater availability is decreasing but population increasing;

z With the rapid development of local economy, the inland rivers that currently serve as source of raw water for most township WTP’s will be more polluted by the industrial and domestic wastewater discharged into it without treatment;

z The Yangtze River water intakes would still be polluted by the sludge water discharged from WTP’s;

z Without regional water supply system, the waste of resources would remain the same;

z rivers in urban areas would always be dirty;

z rural population would continue to be supplied with drinking water of poor quality due to the outdated treatment facilities and poor level of operational management;

z pollution of surface water and groundwater would increase due to wastewater loads,

z domestic and industrial pollution would remain more diffuse, but the total pollutant load would be higher;

z without new WWTPs, there would be less landfill space necessary for sludge disposal;

z without the implementation of the Project, no investment would be needed.

7.2. ALTERNATIVES FOR THE WATER SUPPLY COMPONENTS

7.2.1. IMPACTS COMPARISON IN TERMS OF SITING, PROCESSES, DISPOSAL METHODS, ROUTES, COSTS, ETC.

The table below summarizes the alternatives that have been assessed in the water supply component Feasibility Study Reports (FSR) together with advantages and constraints associated with each alternative.

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TABLE 7-1: ALTERNATIVES FOR WATER SUPPLY COMPONENTS

Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints Yancheng Regional Water Supply Project 19 Choice of water intake 1: Tongyu River Alternative 1 Chuanchang River and Picha River have been heavily 2: Chuanchang River polluted, therefore, they can not 3:Picha River be used as water intakes Location of WTP (current site) Mixing of flocculants 1: Mechanical Mixer Alternative 2 Less space needed 2: Static Mixer No extra power demand Mixing efficiency higher than 90% Sedimentation tank 1: Horizontal sedimentation Alternative 1 Larger capacity tank Lower cost 2: Tubular sedimentation tank Ease of operation and 3: Accelerator maintenance Choice of filtration process 1: air/water backwash Alternative 1 Less water demand 2: water backwash Higher purification efficiency Choice of disinfectant 1: liquid chlorine Alternative 1 Longer persistence 2: chloramines Cheaper than ozone 3: chlorine dioxide 4: ozone Treatment of sludge discharge 1: combined separate avoid overdilution of sludge from the sedimentation tank discharge from sedimentation and backwash water from the 2: separate tank filter. Choice of sludge thickening 1: gravity thickening and gravity less space needed and dewatering mechanical dewatering thickening and lower cost 2: mechanical thickening and mechanical stable operation dewatering dewatering Advanced treatment process 1: activated carbon filtration Alternative 1 Higher purification efficiency 2: conventional Higher adsorption ability Design of water mains 1: Dual trunk mains Ring main Lower cost 2: ring main Pipe material 1: Steel pipe (SP) Alternative 2 Longer service life time 2: Ductile cast Iron pipe (DIP) Water tightness 3: Glass fibre Reinforced Better mechanical performance Plastic Mortar Pipe (RPMP)

4: Prestressed concrete pipe (PCP) 5: Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) Taixing Regional Water Supply Project 20

19 Data Source: Chapter 6.2.3 of FSR 20 Data Source: Chapter 2 of FSR

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints Location of Gensi pumping 1: Farmland at Gensi Village Less residents nearby; station of Gensi Town Alternative 1 Less environmental impacts and 2: near the farmland at Gensi risks Village of Gensi Town。 Location of Zhangqiao 1: Farmland at Wuzha Village Pumping station in the south of Zhangqiao Less residents nearby; Town Alternative 1 Less environmental impacts and 2: near the farmland at Wuzha risks Village in the south of Zhangqiao Town Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Supply Project Location of Jinshan Water (Existing site) Supply Plant Sedimentation tank 1: advanced sedimentation Alternative 1 Less space needed tank Shorter sedimentation period 2: conventional Less alum consumption Better water distribution No sludge thickener tank is required Ease of operation Filtration process 1: air/water backwash Alternative 1 Higher effluent quality 2 conventional filter with four Longer filtration period valves Disposal of sludge 1: Reuse of sludge as raw Alternative 3 Lower concentration of toxic and building material and 4 hazardous substances 2: Discharge of sludge into Prevent from the groundwater the sea pollution 3: reuse of sludge as a planting base 4: reuse of sludge as topsoil in the landfill site Danyang Regional Water Supply Project Choice of water intakes 1: groundwater Alternative 6 Exploitation of groundwater resources is restricted by the 2: Jinghang Canal local government. 3: Jiuqu River The Huanggang section of 4: Xiangcao River Yangtze River is far from the estuary. The tide has little effect 5: Jiajiang River on the water quality and 6: Huanggang section of quantity. Yangtze River Location of WTP 1: inside the Yangtze River Alternative 2 Based on the master plan: embankment close to the constructed pumping station More energy saving 2: allocated land between the Higher cost Danyang No.2 and No.3 WTP

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints Mixing of flocculants 1: Mechanical mixer Alternative 2 Less space needed 2: Static mixer No extra power demand Mixing efficiency higher than 90% Sedimentation tank 1: Horizontal sedimentation Alternative 1 Larger capacity tank Lower cost 2: Tubular sedimentation tank Ease of operation and 3: Accelerator maintenance Choice of filtration process 1: air/water backwash Alternative 1 Less water demand 2: water backwash Longer filtration period Higher purification efficiency Treatment of sludge discharge 1: sludge discharge from the Alternative 2 Due to the big difference in the from the sedimentation tank sedimentation tank will be SS concentration, the volume of and backwash water from the combined with backwash concentration tank needs to be filter. water from the filter, and then very large if sludge discharge be thickened and dewatered from the sedimentation tank is combined with backwash water 2 Sludge discharge from the from the filter. sedimentation tank will be thickened and dewatered. Separate treatment of these two Backwash water from the filter effluents will increase the will be recycled and reused treatment efficiency and occupy less area Type of sludge dewatering 1: centrifugal dehydrator Alternative 1 Less space needed device 2: frame filter Medium cost 3: belt press filter Ease of operation and maintenance

7.3. ALTERNATIVES FOR THE WASTEWATER COMPONENTS

Comparison of alternatives have been made considering the impacts in terms of siting, outfall, processes, disposal methods, routes, costs, etc. For wastewater collection components, the alternative routes need to be analyzed.

The table below summarizes the alternatives that have been assessed in the wastewater component Feasibility Study Reports (FSR) together with advantages and constraints associated with each alternative.

TABLE 7-2: ALTERNATIVES FOR THE WASTEWATER COMPONENT

Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

Nanjing Qiaobei Wastewater Project

Location of 1: Southwest of crossroad where Pusi 1 Ease of operation Qiaobei WWTP Highway and Binjiang Avenue Comprehensive utilization of 2: east of Ningliu Highway, south of the construction land Pusi Highway Close to the recipient water body

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

Treatment process 1:preliminary+secondary+tertiary 2 Lower energy consumption treatment Lower investment cost 2: DensaDeg Clarifier + BIOFO filter Mature technology

Sludge disposal 1: thickening and dewatering 1 Higher efficiency 2: thickening+ anaerobic digestion + Higher solid content of the dewatering sludge cake 3: thickening + anaerobic digestion + Ease of ultimate disposal dewatering + drying Ease of operation and 4: thickening + dewatering + drying management Better operation conditions Type of sludge 1: centrifugal dehydrator 3 Low energy consumption dewatering device 2: frame filter Ease of operation and maintenance 3: belt press filter

Disposal of sludge 1: incineration 1 Larger treatment capacity 2: reuse of sludge in agriculture Lower investment and operating cost 3: sanitary landfill Ease of operation and 4: utilization of sludge as construction management material

Disinfectant 1: liquid chlorine Alternative 4 Higher efficiency 2: ozone No secondary pollution 3: chlorine dioxide Less space needed 4: ultraviolet light No noise Safer operation Ease of operation

Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater Project

Location of Tiebei 1: west of Xingang WWTP, an area of Alternative 1 Lower investment and WWTP approximately 5 ha operating cost 2: Plant site at Fandian Village, an Convenient transport area of approximately 7 ha Lower land resettlement and acquisition requirement Closer to the recipient water body

Secondary 1:A-A2/O Alternative 1 Mature technology treatment process 2: CAST (Cyclic Activated Sludge Less land acquisition Technology) Ease of operation and management Lower investment cost

Type of screen 1: reciprocating rake Alternative 1 Experience in China 2: cascade screen

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

Type of 1: horizontal-flow grit chamber Alternative 3 Higher SS removal efficiency sedimentation tank 2: rectangular-flow grit chamber 3: aerated grit chamber 4: vortex – type grit chamber

Type of fine-bubble 1: disc fine-bubble system made of Alternative 4 Longer life time system rubber membrane (made in China) Easier installation 2: disc fine-bubble system made of rubber membrane (imported from Ease of operation and other countries) maintenance 3: disc fine-bubble system made of Less friction porcelain (made in China) Cost efficient 4: tube fine-bubble system made of rubber membrane (imported from other countries) 5: tube fine-bubble system made of PE (imported from other countries)

Type of centrifugal 1: centrifugal blower made in China Alternative 2 Higher operating performance blower 2: centrifugal blower made in other Lower noise countries

1: multistage centrifugal blower Alternative 2 Lower energy demand 2: single-stage centrifugal blower Higher operating efficiency Ease of operation and management

Disinfectant 1: Liquid chlorine Alternative 4 Less space needed 2: Ozone Lower investment cost

3: ClO2 No noise 4: ultraviolet light Safe operation 5: Heating system 6: Halogen 7: Heavy metal ions

Sludge treatment 1: thickening+ digestion+ dewatering Alternative 2 Less investment cost and land process occupation 2:thickening + dewatering Safe operation

Choice of sludge 1: mechanical thickening and Alternative 1 Higher effluent quality thickening and dewatering dewatering Less space needed process 2: gravity thickening and mechanical dewatering Less odour emission

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

Disposal of sludge 1: The sludge will be used as Alternative 1 Ease of operation and alternative fuel for power plant management 2: after dewatered, the sludge will be Sanitary treatment landfilled with domestic waste in Qiaozishan landfill site No land occupation 3: after dewatered, the sludge will be Reuse of sludge as alternative landfilled in the Fenghuangshan fuel Municipal Sludge Landfill Site Sludge quantity reduction

Removal of odour 1: biofilter Alternative 1 Easier operation 2:air solution Cost efficient Higher efficiency Lower investment cost No secondary pollution more experience in China and other countries

Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Wastewater Project

Location of 1: use the existing sewage outfall to Alternative 3 No construction of pipeline sewage outfall discharge the treated sewage into the network river in Zhengrunzhou Lower investment cost 2: direct discharge into the outer river No impact on the Jiaoshan 3: use the existing sewage outfall to Scenic Spot and the discharge the treated sewage into the downstream Yangtze River river in Zhengrunzhou and build dykes Dolphin Nature Reserve in the river in the Jiaoshan Resort Zhengrunzhou Scenic Spot Utilization of reed wetland for purification

Zhenjiang Jianbi Wastewater Project Location of Jianbi 1: Jiangsuji Village Alternative 2 Close to the enterprises WWTP discharging pollutants 2: Jingkou Industrial Park The reclaimed water reuse rate will be improved Shorter pipeline route Lower investment cost No residential area around the proposed project site during operation Less environmental impact Higher water quality of recipient water

Biological 1: CAST Alternative 2 The fine-bubble system has treatment process higher aeration efficiency, can 2: UCT steadily operate 3: orbal oxidation ditch Lower energy consumption Lower operating cost Simplification of the subsequent advanced treatment process

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

Disinfection 1: ultraviolet radiation Alternative 1 Higher efficiency Lower investment and 2: cl2 operating cost 3: ozone Ease of operation and 4: membrane filtration maintenance

Sludge dewatering 1: belt press filter Alternative 1 Continuous operation device 2: frame filter Lower investment cost Lower energy consumption 3:vacuum filter Less additive 4:centrifugal dehydrator The water content of sludge cake can meet the requirement Sludge disposal 1: Use in agriculture Alternative 3 Ease of operation 2: Incineration Long term: reuse Lower operating cost of sludge will be 3: Sanitary landfill considered Removal of Odour 1: Chemical redox reaction by Alternative 1 airsolution Higher efficiency 2: Adsorption in biofilter Steady operation

3: Activated carbon adsorption

Zhenjiang Dingmao Wastewater Project Construction of 1: Construction of Dingmao WWTP Alternative 1 Lower investment cost Dingmao WWTP 2:Simultaneous construction of Less difficulty in construction Dingmao and Zhengrunzhou WWTPs Reuse of reclaimed water

Location of 1: a site close to Zuojia Village inside Alternative2 No resettlement is involved Dingmao WWTP the levee along the Yangtze River No adverse impact on the 2: Changjiang Village outside Lujiayu Jiangsu University nearby Levee No rare plant and animal species is found in the proposed area despite the negative impact on the local ecology and environment.

Biological 1: UCT Alternative 1 The fine-bubble system has treatment process 2: orbal oxidation ditch higher aeration efficiency, can steadily operate 3: CAST Lower energy consumption Lower operating cost Simplification of the subsequent advanced treatment process Disinfection 1: ultraviolet radiation Alternative 1 Higher efficiency Lower investment and 2: cl2 operating cost 3: ozone Ease of operation and 4: membrane filtration maintenance

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

3: Activated carbon adsorption

Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Project

Location of 1: in the north of Dongjianghuang Alternative 1: Easier to collect sewage; Huangqiao WWTP River and east of Road (N) Close to Dongjianghuang 2: in the northwest of the confluence of River, easier to discharge Beisan Road and Lugouzhonggou effluents Ditch No resettelment Land to be used for charity

Wastewater 1:A/A/O Alternative 1 Less space needed treatment process 2: Oxidation ditch Easier to operate 3: CAST Experience in operation and maintenance Low operating cost

Sludge dewatering 1: belt press filter Alternative 1 Continuous operation device 2: frame filter Lower investment cost Lower energy consumption 3:vacuum filter Less additive 4:centrifugal dehydrator Less space needed The water content of sludge cake can meet the requirement Disposal of sludge 1: Sanitary landfill Alternative 1 Ease of operation 2: Incineration Lower operating cost No further pollution 3: Composting A landfill site is proposed to be built in Taixing

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Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

Disinfection 1: ultraviolet radiation Alternative 1 Higher efficiency Lower investment and 2: Cl2 operating cost 3: ozone Ease of operation and 4: membrane filtration maintenance

Secondary 1: activated carbon filter Alternative 1 Higher purification efficiency treatment process 2: conventional Higher adsorption ability

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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

8.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE EMP

A key objective of the Impact Assessment process is to identify the potential impacts on the environment of the activities anticipated in project development, implementation and operation and to develop a set of mitigation measures technically appropriate, financially acceptable and practically applicable in the concerned regions. These mitigation measures are usually identified during the EA stage and then set out in a practical and coordinated way in the Environmental Management Plan.

The role of the EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures. The EMP provides the crucial link between impacts and alternative mitigation measures evaluated and described in the specific EIA reports and the way these measures must be implemented to achieve their mitigation objectives.

For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, the estimated cost, the schedule of implementation, the role and responsibilities of the different persons or institutions, the source of funding and the way to monitor the results.

8.2. EMP PREPARATION

Individual Environmental Management Plans have been proposed by the different EA Design Institutes. They include descriptions of the planned environmental monitoring activities and an estimate of the EMP budget.

8.3. LAYOUT OF THE EMP REPORT

The EMP report contains the following sections:

8.4 A summary of the environmental impacts and mitigation of the project cross-referenced to the related EA

8.5 A description of the organization for Environmental Protection generally adopted by Project Owners;

8.6 A description of the monitoring programs;

8.7 A summary of cost estimates and the sources of the funds;

8.8 A description of the general regime for information exchange and reporting.

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8.4. SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

8.4.1. MAIN IMPACT DATA

8.4.1.1. SPOIL FROM CONSTRUCTION

The table below summarizes the volumes of spoil (i.e. the balance of earthworks and backfill) from all the subcomponents civil works.

TABLE 8-1: ESTIMATE OF EARTHWORKS GENERATED DURING CONSTRUCTION (SOURCE: EIAS)

Sub-project Total excavation Backfill to be Spoil to be Disposal Method & Disposal volume (m3) completed (m3) disposed of Site (m3) Used for road base Yancheng Regional 246,683 190423 56,249 construction and water and soil Water Supply Project conservation The spoil will be transported by the contractor to an abandoned pond in Huangqiao Town. There is no residential building Taixing Regional around the pond with area of 777,500 748,700 28,800 Water Supply Project 13,000 m3, where 97,500 m3 spoil can be stored. Thus, the spoil (28,800 m3) generated by this subproject can be disposed of Zhenjiang Jinshan Transported to Zhenjiang Spoil 70731.9 46008.5 24723.4 Water Supply Project Disposal Centre Danyang Urban Construction Waste Administration Station is responsible for the disposal. Danyang Regional 140,800 8,300 57,800 Contract has been signed. The Water Supply Project spoil will be used for road construction, low-lying land filling, etc. Nanjing Qiaobei The spoil generated will be 1,483,000 1,281,500 201,500 Wastewater Project transported to spoil designated dumping sites by trucks Nanjing Tiebei 0 0 62,063 Wastewater Project Nanjing Chengbei 1,587,800 1,394,800 193,000 Wastewater Project The total amount of spoil generated by construction of sewer system will be 5,084.8m3. The spoil will be Construction of used for base backfilling in Wastewater Dingmao WWTP, which has 55650 110565.2 0 Management System little impact on aquatic and in DingMao ecological environment. The other spoil required for backfilling will be the spoil generated from Zhengrunzhou and Jianbi WW subprojects.

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Sub-project Total excavation Backfill to be Spoil to be Disposal Method & Disposal volume (m3) completed (m3) disposed of Site (m3) A Part of them will be used for Zhenjiang road base construction, the Zhengrunzhou 127,300 82,500 44,800 other part will be transported to Wastewater Project Dingmao WWTP for backfilling The spoil will be transported to Dingmao WWTP if the soil Zhenjiang Jianbi 101,791 50,486 51,305 quality is good. Otherwise the Wastewater Project spoil will be transported to Chengdong Landfill Site. The spoil will be transported to Danyang Shicheng 40,600 35,500 5,100 Danyang EDZ for filling the low- Wastewater Project21 lying area. Spoil is used as filling material Taixing Huangqiao 425870 431540 0 for WWTP’s base. Additional Wastewater Project soil of 5,670m3 will be needed. Total 5,057,725.9 4,380,322.7 725,340.4

The construction spoil will be generally transported to low-lying lands specified by departments concerned. The impacts of the transportation have been analysed and mitigation measures proposed in individual EMP reports.

8.4.1.2. SLUDGE AND WASTE

The table below shows the sludge and waste other than the construction spoil generated by all the components of this project.

TABLE 8-2: SUMMARY OF WASTE MATERIAL TO BE DISPOSED OF (EXCLUDING CONSTRUCTION WASTE)

Subproject Component Product Quantity (t/a) Destination location Yancheng Water Supply Sludge from WTP 17301 Landfill Domestic waste 2.92 Collected and transported by the Bureau of Environmental Sanitation Taixing Water Supply Wastewater containing 54.75 Discharge into the river sludge Domestic waste 41.61 Collected and transported by the Bureau of Environmental Sanitation Zhenjiang Water Supply Sludge from WTP 28,700 Landfill Domestic waste 18.25 Collected and transported by the Bureau of Environmental Sanitation Danyang Water Supply Sludge from WWTP 52,900 Landfill Domestic waste 27.01 Collected and transported by the Bureau of Environmental Sanitation

21 Data only for sewerage network construction, excluding pumping station

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Subproject Component Product Quantity (t/a) Destination location Nanjing Wastewater WWTP sludge and waste 21395 Incineration Qiaobei (16425+4970) (Long term) Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater WWTP sludge and waste 19571.3 Incineration at power plant (14600+4971.3) Zhenjiang Wastewater WWTP sludge, domestic 26316.5 Landfill ( Zhengrunzhou waste and waste removed by screen bar Zhenjiang Wastewater WWTP sludge, domestic 7594.2 Landfill waste and waste removed by Jianbi screen bar Zhenjiang Wastewater WWTP sludge and waste 10,000 Landfill Dingmao removed by screen bar Taixing Wastewater WWTP sludge 7172,2 Landfill Huangqiao Settled sand, domestic waste 1.055 Collected and transported and waste removed by by the Bureau of screen bar Environmental Sanitation

8.4.1.3. POLLUTION ABATEMENT

With the completion of the JSW&WP, the expected pollution load reduction is shown in the table below.

TABLE 8-3: REDUCTION OF POLLUTANT LOADS TO THE ENVIRONMENT WITH JSW&WP

Subproject Main receiving Pollution Abatement (t/a) water body BOD COD SS NH3-N TP TN Nanjing Qiaobei WW - 10950 6935 912.5 127.5 905 (short term) Shitou River Nanjing Qiaobei WW - 21900 13870 1825 255 1810 (long term) Nanjing Tiebei WW Through Xingwu - Ditch into the 12045 6935 912.5 127.5 912.5 Yangtze River Zhenjiang Yangtze River 5475.0 10950 6935 985.5 91.25 - Zhengrunzhou WW Zhenjiang Dingmao Yangtze River - 4380 2774 321.2 36.5 - WW Zhenjiang Jianbi WW Jinghang Canal - 4380 2774 321.2 36.5 - Danyang Shicheng Confluence of 0.43 5.66 1.00 0.02 0.59 WW Jinghang canal

and DanJinLiCao river Taixing Huangqiao Dongjianghuang 4.25 8.75 6.125 0.75 0.625 0.0875 WW River Total 5479.68 64619.41 40230.125 5278.67 675.933 3627.59

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8.4.2. SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The impacts from the different sub-components are analyzed in the subprojects EIA reports (available in Chinese) and summarized in the Consolidated EA report. Mitigation measures have been defined for each impact. The tables below summarize the main impacts and mitigation measures.

TABLE 8-4: SUMMARY OF MAIN IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Potential Impact Mitigation Measures WS Component Construction Period

Industrial and z Construct temporary sewage treatment facilities, such as retention tank, sedimentation tank, oil domestic separation tank, drainage ditch, collect the wastewater according to different types; wastewater z Construct temporary toilet facilities in construction camp; treat wastewater in septic tank and underground sewage treatment device. Domestic waste will be discharged into the local sewer collection system if available;

z Store construction waste and drainage pipes centrally with some waterproof measures, clear the dust from construction sites;

z Avoid excavation and backfill in rainy seasons;

z Enhance the production safety training for the construction team, maintenance and repair construction equipment on a regular basis to avoid environmental pollution by accidents;

z Sand, cement and other waste liquid should be centrally treated and disposed of together with solid waste after drying;

Exhaust gas z Optimize on-site management in raw water intake station, WTP and pumping station, store and dust construction waste centrally, set up cement store for storage, avoid dust during transportation;

z Spray water before excavation to avoid dust generation. Transport and backfill soil and construction waste promptly;

z Cover and wash vehicles; no overload; spray the roads 4-5 times a day

z Select concrete of good quality; mix concrete properly in camps with spraying measures for dust reduction;

z Set up fences on construction sites close to residential areas and office buildings

z Manage traffic properly to avoid traffic congestion;

z Stop construction work in windy weather;

z Install de-smoking devices for machinery with high smoke emission, enhance maintenance and repair of machinery and vehicles;

z Remove dust during construction; decelerate vehicles, maintain and repair machinery properly;

z Manage the construction site in a proper way, store construction waste centrally, set up cement store for storage, avoid dust during transportation;

z Transport the excavated soil and construction waste, locate mixer in the construction camp and equip mixer with spraying device;

Noise z Arrange construction time properly, notify the local residents in time; Comply with the Standard for Permissible Noise Level for Construction Sites;

z Carry out construction at daytime; no construction from 11 p.m. and 6 a.m.; no use of equipment with high noise emission;

z Take noise reduction measures, locate machinery at points with lowest impacts on residential areas nearby, set up temporary noise barrier around stationary noise sources and temporary fences on construction sites;

z No construction machinery around schools;

z Update processes and operational methods to reduce noise; perform maintenance and repair on machinery on a regular basis; shut down idle equipment promptly;

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Potential Impact Mitigation Measures

z Make preparation for continuous grouting;

z Enhance the management of vehicles, stipulate the transportation schedule and routes, decelerate the vehicles and avoid the rush hours;

z Use of construction tools, machinery and construction methods with low noise emission, equip vehicles with noise reduction devices; stipulate the transportation schedule and routes;

Solid waste z Declare construction waste and domestic waste disposal plan;

z Store spoil and construction waste generated properly during construction, treat them centrally and transport them promptly, avoid pollution of river courses and sewer congestion;

z Cover temporary storage site to avoid secondary pollution caused by wind and rain;

z Domestic waste generated during construction should be collected by a qualified contractor, transported in a timely manner and stored in the designated places. The waste will be collected and disposed of on a regular basis by the City Sanitation and Appearance Department; no littering and dumping to avoid the secondary pollution.

Temporary land z Shorten the time of temporary land acquisition, storage period of spoil and excavation period as acquisition much as possible; decrease the areas to be exposed;

z After construction, the roads and greenbelts should be restored as soon as possible;

z Avoid construction in rainy weather;

z During construction of pipelines, excavation, piling and backfilling should be carried out layer by layer. Damaged area should be restored after construction;

z After construction, former irrigating facilities should be rebuilt and soil should be cleaned; chop down as few trees as possible;

z For the farmland to be temporarily acquired, farmers will receive financial compensation in compliance with the corresponding national standards

Ecology z Shorten the time of temporary land acquisition and on-site storage of spoil;

z Construct the pipeline through farmland as soon as possible;

z Avoid construction in rainy seasons;

z For the construction of pipelines, excavation, storage and backfilling should be done layer by layer;

z After construction, formal irrigation facilities should be fixed and restored and land should be cleaned and rehabilitated;

z Farmers should be compensated for the land to be temporarily acquired in compliance with the national standards; Operation Period Wastewater (1) regulations regarding water sources zones should be strictly followed (2) Response measures for water intake pollution:

z Stop taking water immediately in case of water intake pollution; enhance the monitoring of water quality in water intake region; if the polluted water flows into raw water transfer pipelines, more disinfectant should be added and the amount of backwash water should be increased until the water quality can meet the drinking water standards;

z Set up activated carbon dosing facilities; dose activated carbon powder as contingency measures if raw water is polluted;

z If water can not be supplied for a long time due to accidental pollution, emergency water supply such as transporting drinking water and mineral water from the neighbouring cities should be carried out. Leakage from (1) security measures for chlorine store and chlorination room: chlorination room z Make full use of natural ventilation in on-site chlorine store. If natural ventilation is not available, ventilation should be carried out manually 8-12 times/hr;

z The area outside chlorine store should be equipped with first-aid kits and effective protection

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Potential Impact Mitigation Measures equipment. Meanwhile, monitoring and alarm devices for gas leakage should be installed

z Technicians dosing chlorine should receive strict and special training to understand how to operate liquid chlorine drums before starting work;

z The doors to chlorination room and chlorine store should be open outwards, and be equipped with flexible locks so that people can evacuate quickly in case of emergency (2) preventative measures for chlorine leakage from chlorine store and chlorination room:

z Vacuum chlorinator should be selected;

z Chlorination room and chlorine store are equipped with blower to remove a small amount of chlorine from chlorine store;

z Chlorine store should be equipped with chlorine leakage monitor and chlorine adsorption devices;

z Operators on duty in the chlorination room should be equipped with respirator and masks for emergency use （3）Evacuate residents in residential areas nearby in time, use wet handkerchief to cover mouth and nose.

Noise z Pump room should be away from densely populated areas;

z Machinery room should be separated from duty room;

z Equipment with low speed, low noise and high effectiveness should be selected;

z Blowers should be equipped with inlet and outlet sound absorbing muffler and soundproof hoods;

z Trees should be planted around noise sources and at plant boundaries

z Potential noise sources should be sited away from plant boundaries as planned in master layout;

z Landscaping around the pumping station.

z Measures for noise reduction and insulation should be taken in backwash pump room, pump room in pumping station and existing workplaces to achieve the noise level of 10～15dB;

Solid Waste z Slurry generated in WTP processes should be thickened and formed into sludge cake;

z Domestic waste generated from WTP should be transported by the City Sanitation and Appearance Department; no un-managed discharge of solid waste. Permanent land It is required that the afforestation rate be up to 30%; acquisition

Ecology z Planting in compliance with Planting Standards for Urban Residential Area and Units of Jiangsu Province DB32/139-95, build green areas around plant boundaries, pump room and blower house;

z Plant special species around chlorination room;

z Landscaping in the WTP, build green areas between WTP and roads WW Components Construction Period Wastewater On-site domestic waste

z Build temporary toilet facilities in construction camp and construction site; treat sewage in septic tank and discharge it into urban sewers; stool at the bottom of septic tank will be disposed of by City Sanitation and Appearance Department;

z Enhance the knowledge of production security, carry out maintenance and repair of construction equipment on a regular basis Industrial wastewater

z Construct temporary sewage treatment facilities, such as retention tank, sedimentation tank, oil separation tank, drainage ditch, collect the wastewater according to different types;

z Pre-treat slurry generated during construction prior to discharge into urban sewers, treat sludge

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Potential Impact Mitigation Measures as solid waste on a regular basis

z Waste solutions, such as sand and lime slurry, will be centralized, dried and disposed of together with solid waste Water pollution during rainy season

z Arrange construction procedure, progress and machinery properly

z Collect construction material, such as cement, sand and lime; take some waterproof measures, clear construction waste in a timely manner Fly ash and Construction Site dust z Spray water frequently in construction and storage areas, transport soil and construction waste in time;

z Install walls or fences in construction site. Transportation

z Manage the construction site in a proper way, store construction waste centrally, set up cement store for storage, avoid dust during transportation;

z Stop construction work in windy weather; ensure the implementation of enclosure measures and strengthening of storage system, enhance the landscaping after construction;

z Select concrete of good quality; mix concrete properly in camps with spraying measures for dust reduction. Machinery and vehicles

z Keep vehicles in good condition; no overload; take enclosure and sealing measures; spray water on a regular basis;

z Enhance the maintenance and repair of machinery and vehicles; no overload Storage of sand and stone

z Install windbreak walls around the dumping site of sand and stone, apply some additives or lubricant on the surface if required;

z Spray water along the roads to dumping site and install fence;

z Build specific cement store to store cement, collect the cement on the ground. Noise Stationary noise sources

z Arrange construction time properly; no construction at night;

z Set up sound barrier around the devices with high noise emission;

z Select machinery with low noise emission;

z During construction, locate machinery outside the buffer zones; no use of pile driver at night;

z Enhance the maintenance and repair of machinery. Moving noise sources

z Enhance the management of vehicles;

z Arrange the transportation routes and schedule properly, set speed limits, no use of car horns;

z Build green belt on the both sides of roads

Spoil, z Declare construction waste and domestic waste disposal plan; construction waste and z Carry out monitoring of soil during excavation of pipelines, soil with high concentration of heavy domestic waste metal will be sent to spoil landfill site with antiseepage measures; z Spoil will be used as base material for WWTP site;

z Store construction wastes according to classification, reuse it as much as possible; no littering and dumping, assign reuse or landfilling of waste to a specific person;

z Domestic waste generated during construction should be collected by a qualified contractor, transported in a timely manner and stored in the designated places. The waste will be collected

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Potential Impact Mitigation Measures and disposed of on a regular basis by the City Sanitation and Appearance Department. No littering and dumping to avoid the secondary pollution;

z Domestic waste and spoil should be kept away from rivers and sewers

Ecology z Felling trees is forbidden; restore the vegetation after construction;

z Reuse the spoil as much as possible, the spoil generated should be stored in designated dumping sites;

z Set up coffers or walls for temporary storage of spoil, construction material, etc;

z Clean up the land to be temporarily acquired, demolish temporary buildings, loosen the soil, fill the low-lying land and plant trees in a timely manner

z Shorten the time of temporary land acquisition and on-site storage of spoil;

z Construct the pipeline through farmland as soon as possible;

z Avoid construction in rainy seasons;

z For the construction of pipelines, excavation, storage and backfilling should be done layer by layer;

z After construction, formal irrigation facilities should be fixed and restored and land should be cleaned and rehabilitated; Permanent Land Acquisition

z Construction of green belts;

z Plant restoration;

z Compensation expenses for cutting off trees;

z Compensation expenses for fishermen;

z Enhance the management during construction;

z On-site plant coverage will be not less than 30% after completion. Temporary Land Acquisition

z Plant restoration;

z Cover spoil storage site with a layer of soil with a thickness more than 5 cm.

Traffic z Construct pipeline section by section,

z Complete excavation and backfilling as soon as possible,

z Set up temporary passages equipped with traffic warning signs; avoid rush hours for transportation

z Keep vehicles in good condition; no overload; take enclosure and sealing measures; spray water on a regular basis;

z Install smoke eliminators for machinery;

z Enhance the maintenance and repair of machinery and vehicles; no overload;

z Before construction, contractor should keep contact with road and traffic administration department in a timely manner;

z Apply conduit jacking during construction;

z Stipulate transportation routes properly, avoid the rush hour; maintain and repair vehicles frequently;

Cultural relics z Assign the protection zone of cultural relics and built buffer zones in compliance with the Cultural Relics Law of PRC; set up temporary fences; take the right measures to repair cultural relics if required; assign specific person to be responsible for the pprotection of cultural relics;

z Report to the local cultural relic administration department quickly If cultural relics are found during construction. Operation Period

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Potential Impact Mitigation Measures

Wastewater z Enhance the monitoring of industrial pollution sources within service coverage, and enforce the connecting standards for wastewater from enterprises;

z Implement operational management and set up internal responsibility system in WWTP;

z Set up laboratory, establish routine monitoring reports for effluent discharge from WWTP. Carry out online monitoring at sewage outfall. Non- Control of Pollution Sources compliance z Industrial enterprises should set monitoring section at sewage outfall in compliance with the effluents Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), non-compliance discharge is not allowed;

z All industrial wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the sewer network until is compliant with the discharge standards;

z The supervision and random inspection of water quality at enterprises’ sewage outfall should be carried out by the local environmental protection authorities; non-compliance activities should be reported and be subject to the relevant punishment;

z Enhance clean production audit on enterprises discharging pollutants Protection Measures for Wastewater Facilities

z Operation of WWTP should strictly follow the technical guidelines;

z The local environmental protection department should enhance the monitoring of effluents from WWTP; Pipeline Maintenance Measures and Solutions z Enhance the maintenance and management of wastewater collection pipeline network;

z Construction of on-site wastewater treatment facilities in environmental should be simultaneous with the construction of WWTP; On-site WW Treatment Measures The domestic and industrial wastewater generated should be collected through on-site sewers into holding tank of intake pumping station, and then be treated together with urban sewage.

Odour z Install a set of EP-CT-2 control cabinet in and pump room and grit chamber for odour removal and atomization device on the wall;

z Install a set of EP-CT-3 professional atomization device in dewatering room;

z Install a set of EP-CT-2 control cabinet in biochemical tank for odour removal

z Build green belts between WWTP and residential area (5-10m around plant boundary), plant special types of trees to absorb odour and purify air;

z After dewatered, sludge should be sent to landfill site as soon as possible;

z Set up buffer zone; equip the pumping station with a device for odour removal; build enclosed grit chamber; set up green belts with a width of 5-10 m;

z Pay more attention to indoor ventilation after workers enter the pump room.

Noise z Select equipment with low noise emission; optimize the location of devices;

z Enhance the maintenance and repair of various types of machinery, take some measures for sound insulation and removal;

z Set up sound insulation room if available. The workers should wear essential personal protection equipment in noisy work areas; the working hours should also be shortened in compliance with the relevant labour law;

z Use submergible pumps as wastewater and sludge pumps ;

z The transportation of sludge should follow the designated routes and time;

z Build green belt in the plant site and plant boundary, plant specific trees for noise reduction

z Enhance the staff training and corporate governance.

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Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Solid waste Domestic waste will be collected by the City Sanitation and Appearance Bureau Sludge Storage of sludge

z Calculate sludge generation accurately, send sludge to the designated landfill site. On-site storage of sludge will not last more than one day;

z No mix of sludge and domestic waste in landfill site;

z Cover the sludge to be disposed of with clean soil with a thickness of 20-30cm; Transportation of sludge

z Use specific enclosed trucks with a capacity of 5m3 to transport sludge; select the economically sound transportation routes;

z Sludge transportation time should be between 4-6a.m. and 7-10p.m. to avoid traffic rush hour Sludge containing toxic and hazardous substances

z Carry out tests for the toxicity of leachate during the first three months of operation (Phase I). If it is not hazardous, sludge will be sent to designated landfill site;

z If sludge leachate is identified to be hazardous, sludge would be sent to hazardous waste disposal site for landfilling

The impacts and mitigation measures, monitoring programs and responsible authorities for individual subprojects are presented in Appendix 6.

8.4.3. CHANCE-FIND PROCEDURES

It should be noted that although the EA has made detailed site investigation and consulted cultural relics authorities and confirmed there is no major direct impact to any known cultural relics by project construction, there could still be potential for chance finds of archaeological properties during construction. To minimize adverse impacts or damages to these chance finds, the following procedures have been proposed, which should become part of the bidding documents and will be incorporated into contractors’ standard operation procedures:

z When a chance or potential chance find is uncovered at the construction site, all construction activities at the site will be immediately put on hold.

z Workers and site management are responsible for taking necessary measures to protect the chance finds from damage by construction related or other activities such as sliding, flooding, damage by machinery, access by others, theft, etc.

z Contractors will notify the PMO, project owner and cultural relics authority immediately.

z Site investigation by professional archaeologists may be conducted to determine the nature, value, conditions, areas of the find, etc. On this basis, the professional team will recommend the next step to be taken in terms of whether the site needs to be preserved or not.

z Construction may only resume following the reports of the professional investigation and approval of the cultural relics authority.

z If the site is of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and requested by the cultural relics authority, the project owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site.

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z All contractors and construction supervision companies will be trained by the professional before the construction starts to understand the procedures and the basics on how to recognize a potential archaeological chance find.

8.4.4. SPOIL AND SLUDGE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Both spoil and sludge management plans have been included in the EMP of individual components. The information about disposal of sludge from WTPs and WWTPs are provided and measures have been proposed to minimize the impact on receiving landfills. In addition, the detailed arrangement for transportation of the spoil and sludge needs to be developed and included as part of the individual EMP.

Concerning the availability of the proposed extension of existing landfill, further analysis of alternative disposal options needs to be done. Besides, further details about the incineration need to be supplemented into the EMP.

For Jianbi subcomponent, it has been proposed in the EA report that before completion of a solid waste disposal centre, the industrial effluents would not be allowed to be discharged if the sludge contains toxic and hazardous substances. Meanwhile, discharge of industrial effluents from enterprises should be supervised. The enterprises unable to comply with the discharge standards will be subject to punishment under the laws and regulations. The hazardous sludge generated will be solidified and safely stored in on-site storage yard with anti-seeping and rainproof measures until the hazardous waste disposal centre is constructed.

8.5. SUBPROJECT ORGANISATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

8.5.1. INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the organization for Environmental Protection (EP) proposed by the Project Owners for the sub-project construction and operation periods. It is proposed that this organization serves as a basis for implementation of the EMP required by the World Bank.

JSW&WP implementation will be managed by Jiangsu Provincial Project Management Office under the Jiangsu Provincial Government. A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be created within each Implementing Agency (IA):

z Danyang Water Supply Co.

z Danyang Shicheng WWTP

z Nanjing Municipal Water Co.

z Taixing Huangqiao WWTP

z Taixing Water Supply Co.

z Yancheng Water Supply Co.

z Zhenjiang Water Supply Co.

z Zhenjiang Water Industry Co.

The construction works will be carried out by Contractors.

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According to the individual EMP documents, the environmental protection organization involved in this project includes Jiangsu provincial EPB, municipal EPB, PPMO and PIU.

8.5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTION AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES

As the highest environmental protection administration authority, Jiangsu provincial EPB is responsible for review and approval of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Jiangsu WW&WS Project and ultimate approval/disapproval of the Feasibility Study Report in view of environmental protection.

Municipal EPB is responsible for overall supervision and management of environmental protection activities involved in the project. According to the environmental reports provided by qualified monitoring authority and monitoring program provided by implementation agencies, supervision and random inspection for environmental protection activities will be carried out during both construction and operation periods to ensure the implementation of each environmental protection measures.

PPMO is the coordinating agency for implementation of EMP and environmental monitoring program.

PIU is responsible for overall management of environmental protection activities, establishing and implementing the regulations concerning environmental management during construction, establish monitoring and training plans, organising the bidding and tendering work, entrusting the qualified monitoring authority to carry out monitoring, filing monitoring records, and submitting them to the provincial/municipal EPB in charge.

Contractor is responsible for implementation of environmental protection measures regulated in project proposal or design documentations, and contractor’s environmental protection activities also are supervised by the relevant implementation agency and EPB in charge.

Qualified monitoring authority’s duty is to conduct on-site monitoring according to the established monitoring program involved in the project, sort data/information and submit environmental status reports to implementation agency.

8.5.3. ORGANISATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION

Figure 8-1 shows the environmental management organization structure during construction proposed by the project owners.

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FIGURE 8-1: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INSTITUTION STRUCTURE DURING CONSTRUCTION

Provincial EPB PPMO

Municipal EPB Supervision Coordination

Submission of monitoring data

PIU

Entrustment Submission of Entrustment Submission of monitoring data monitoring data

Contractor Qualified monitoring authority

Environmental management during construction

Supervision authority

The environmental management organisation during construction includes Provincial Project Management Office (PPMO), municipal EPBs, Project Implementation Unit(PIU), Supervision units and Contractors. z PPMO is responsible for project proposal and approval. During the preparation of project proposal, PPMO assists sub-project owners to negotiate and coordinate with World Bank. PPMO will not get involved in environmental management activities.

z Municipal EPB is responsible for environmental management and supervision, which covers: ¾ Environmental monitoring station under the EPB will carry out random inspection for monitoring of water, air quality and noise level, based on EMPs and EIA reports. ¾ Inspect the implementation of respective environmental protection measures; ¾ Inspect the implementation of protection measures and safety issues during construction.

z PIU is responsible for overall management of environmental protection activities, which includes: ¾ Establish and implement the regulations concerning environmental management during construction, establish monitoring and training plans; ¾ Entrust design institutes to carry out engineering services and construction design;

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¾ Organise the bidding and tendering work, entrust project contractor to carry out construction work; ¾ Entrust qualified monitoring agency to carry out environmental monitoring following EMP. File monitoring records, review the data provided by monitoring agency and submit them to the EPB in charge.

z Supervision unit is an agency with environmental protection qualification. The supervising engineers will receive training on environmental protection to enhance the awareness of environmental protection, carry out total environmental control of construction projects in compliance with engineering and environmental protection technical specifications, which includes: ¾ Under the entrustment of environmental protection authorities, supervise and inspect the on-site implementation of environmental protection measures during construction; ¾ Deal with environmental pollution accidents and disputes.

z Contractor is responsible for implementation of environmental protection measures regulated in project proposal or design documentations, and contractor’s environmental protection activities also are supervised by the relevant authorities.

Staffing of the EMP organization should be specified in the individual EMP, as well as the responsibility.

8.5.4. ORGANISATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DURING OPERATION

Figure 8-2 shows the environmental management institutional structure during operation.

FIGURE 8-2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INSTITUTION STRUCTURE DURING OPERATION

Provincial EPB

Municipal EPB

Supervision & Submission of Inspection on-site information

PIU

Entrustment & Implementation Submission of of Monitoring on-site information

Qualified Monitoring Authority

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The environmental management organisation during operation includes municipal EPBs, Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and qualified monitoring authority.

According to national environmental management requirements for construction projects, municipal EPB will carry out supervision and inspection for environmental protection activities during operation based on the EIA report so as to supervise the implementation of Three Synchronies Policy and ensure the fulfillment of environmental protection measures during the operation period.

(2) PIU’s main duties is to: ¾ Entrust the qualified monitoring authority to perform monitoring activities, review monitoring data and submit them to the EPB in charge; ¾ Ensure the implementation of environmental protection measures; ¾ Establish the EMP for WTP/WWTP; ¾ Ensure the effective operation of WS&WW subcomponents.

(3) According to the monitoring programs, qualified environmental monitoring authorities will take water, air and sound samples during operation, analyse and sort data, provide monitoring data and reports on a regular basis, and submit them to the municipal EPB.

In general, an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) should be established for each subproject component. In the case of WTPs or WWTPs, the EMU will be located on the plant site. Sometimes, a Monitoring Unit will also be established for the sub-project component. In other cases, environmental management and monitoring are performed by existing organizations (such as City Environment Departments, local Environmental Monitoring Stations (EMS) which function under the EPB.

8.5.5. TRAINING - REQUIRED STRENGTHENING OF CAPABILITIES AND MEANS

Since water supply and wastewater subcomponents are crucial to the improvement of urban drinking water sanitation and water pollution, environmental protection activities should be consistent with international standards. To ensure the successful construction and operation of this project, the staff involved in WTP’s/sewer network’s management and construction should master advanced knowledge and skills and receive intensive training to ensure the effective implementation of environmental protection measures. According to management requirements and different positions, the training includes domestic training and overseas training covering the following aspects:

(1) Environmental laws and regulations: introduce national legal system concerning environmental protection and its institution, WB’s ten environmental safeguard policies, legal liability, administrative regulations regarding environmental protection for construction projects, local relevant environmental protection laws and regulations to the management in order to make the management familiar with laws, act according to laws and keep well informed of local planning and programs concerning the development of national economy and society;

(2) Environmental monitoring: master environmental monitoring methods, water, air and biological sampling guidelines and methods, analysis methods and standards for various environmental parameters, and requirements for data sorting and analysis technologies;

(3) Operation and management of WTP/WWTPs: make the staff familiar with WTP’s/WWTP’s treatment processes, sludge treatment mechanism and process, master the skills and methods for the routine operation of WTP/WWTPs so as to handle the operation of WTP/WWTPs reasonably and effectively;

(4) Leakage check and control: Make checkups for treated water distribution/sewer network, control the water distribution through network;

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(5) Pollution control and management during operation: Adopt pollution control methods and supervision measures during construction procedures, especially pollution production processes;

(6) Pollution accident handling and response ability: Introduce potential accident mechanism, prevention measures and methods, as well as post-accident emergency handling methods

(7) Public participation and consultation: Introduce various forms and method, basic knowledge of public participation, importance and roles of public participation, and basic methods and procedures for public participation;

For the detailed training plans, please refer to EMPs for individual sub-projects.

8.6. MONITORING PROGRAM

The monitoring program includes monitoring activities carried out by external qualified monitoring authority, except internal routine monitoring of WTP/WWTP. The two-stage environmental monitoring (during construction and operation) aims at timely understanding pollution updates in all fields of proposed project, change of environmental quality in project areas, environmental impact scope and environmental status during operation, providing timely information to the relevant authorities so as to provide a scientific basis for environmental management.

In order to ensure the strict and efficient implementation of the mitigation measures proposed, including the respect of environmental obligations during the construction and operation stage, a program of monitoring activities at three stages will be required, which includes:

z Monitoring during construction;

z Monitoring during operation;

z Acceptance after completion.

Environmental monitoring costs were estimated, according to the Tariff Standards for Environmental Monitoring Service in Jiangsu Province Sujia Fei [2006]No. 397, Sucaizong [2006] No. 80 and Suhuanji [2006] No. 30 and Monitoring Programs during construction and operation established in each EIA report.

8.6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ORGANIZATIONS

Municipal environmental monitoring stations are responsible for environmental monitoring during construction. The on-site laboratory and qualified monitoring institutions are in charge of monitoring and analysis of raw and treated water quality during the operation of WTP. The monitoring of wastewater, air quality and noise level during operational stage, as well as the monitoring of alternate water head site will be carried out by the municipal environmental monitoring centre.

8.6.2. MONITORING PROGRAM DURING CONSTRUCTION

The main pollutants affecting environmental quality during construction are noise and dust. Therefore, noise and dust monitoring should be carried out in WTPs/WWTPs and pipeline construction areas during construction to ascertain the noise and dust pollution status so that the noise and dust nuisance during construction can be controlled. The monitoring schedule and frequency should be identified according to the construction progress.

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The detailed monitoring programs for each sub-project are shown in Appendix 4.

8.6.3. MONITORING PROGRAM DURING OPERATION

WTP

(1) water quality monitor for automatic online monitoring of COD and flowmeter will be installed at sewage outfall connected to the urban sewer system to monitor the water quality and amount to be discharged into urban sewage network;

(2) Noise Monitoring

Monitoring points are distributed at plant boundary. Monitoring activities will be randomly carried out at daytime and night. The monitoring parameter will be equivalent continuous sound level: Leq(A);

（3）Liquid Chlorine Leakage Monitoring Plan

For WTPs, early warning monitoring of liquid chlorine leakage and inspection for automatic supervision & control system should be carried out on a regular basis to find out and solve problems in time. Chorine concentration should be randomly monitored at plant boundary on the downwind.

（4）Solid Waste Monitoring Plan

Solid waste should be treated and disposed of in a timely manner. No litter is allowed. Long- term storage of solid waste in WTPs is forbidden. Solid waste should be transported to landfill site for sanitary disposal on a regular basis.

WWTPs

Based upon characteristics of the construction projects, the environmental monitoring during operation of WWTPs is mainly aquatic environmental monitoring. To provide required water quality parameters for stable operation of wastewater treatment processes, safety monitoring of effluent discharge should be carried out. Therefore, impacts of effluent on the aquatic environment will be minimized. Independent environmental monitoring stations staffed with 1 station manager and 3 monitoring technicians should be set up to carry out routine monitoring of wastewater and exhaust gas. In addition, effluent discharged should be also supervised and monitored by the municipal EPBs and environmental monitoring stations.

The detailed monitoring programs for each sub-project are shown in Appendix 4.

8.6.4. MONITORING PROGRAM FOR ACCEPTANCE AFTER COMPLETION

According to the national environmental protection management procedures for construction projects, environmental protection activities should synchronize with the main project. At the stage of acceptance after completion, monitoring in compliance with the Three Synchronies should be conducted to check whether environmental protection facilities could meet the design criteria. Based on monitoring and evaluation of environmental status in project areas, effectiveness of implementation of different measures will be analysed, existing and potential environmental impacts of the project will be taken into account, feasible remedial measures and emergency measures will be identified, meanwhile, comments on incomplete measures will be addressed.

The major monitoring parameters are exhaust gas, noise and wastewater generated in this project.

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The detailed monitoring programs for each sub-project are shown in Appendix 4.

8.6.5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORTING

z Environmental monitoring report during construction

During the construction period, local environmental monitoring station entrusted by the EMU will carry out environmental protection monitoring activities and submit the monitoring reports to the local environmental protection authorities.

The content of monitoring report during construction covers project process, main construction work and methods, evaluation of environmental impacts and implementation of mitigation measures.

During the construction period, monthly reports should be established and submitted to PMO and municipal EPB.

z Environmental monitoring report during operation

During the operation period, local environmental monitoring station entrusted by the EMU will carry out environmental protection monitoring activities and promptly submit the monitoring reports to the local environmental protection authorities.

The content of monitoring report mainly includes:

（1）Monitoring time, frequency, monitoring points, parameters, methods and quality control solutions;

（2）Monitoring data and statistical analysis;

（3）Description of operation performances for facilities during the monitoring period;

（4）Occurrence of non-compliance.

8.7. BUDGET ESTIMATES AND SOURCE OF FUNDS

8.7.1. DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET

The implementation of the EMP measures relies on the intervention of several parties resulting in various funding requirements from different budget lines or sources.

Most of the environmental protection activities will involve engineering measures which should be provided by the Contractor, and will be included in his costs. These costs will be presented in the contractor’s proposal in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the bidding documentation.

EMC activity will be included in the global Project Management Cost related to the PMO and the PIUs. Monitoring of water, air and noise and training of Construction Supervision Environmental Engineer (CSEE) and Environmental Field Site Inspectors (EFSI) will be part of the global Project Management Cost related to PMO and PIUs. Monitoring and supervising activity by CSEE is part of the Construction and Supervision Costs. The monitoring costs involved in this project cover costs for specific monitoring activities, labour and equipment costs during the construction, operation and costs for acceptance after completion. Water, air and noise monitoring during operation will be performed by local monitoring units on the site owner’s

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request and according to the monitoring program with the site owner’s budget. EPB routine monitoring results may be used if the EPB routine monitoring is synchronised with the planned monitoring program.

8.7.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COST

The environmental monitoring cost covers three stages:

z Environmental monitoring during construction

z Environmental monitoring during operation

z Environmental monitoring for construction completion.

The total cost of monitoring in all projects is RMB 4.285992 million. Details are presented in Table 8-5 below.

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TABLE 8-5: COST ESTIMATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

4 ITEM MONITORING COST (UNIT: 10 RMB)

TOTAL CONSTRUCTION 4 NAME OF CONSTRUCTION PERIOD OPERATION PERIOD (UNIT: 10 RMB) COMPLETION SUBPROJECT Yancheng Regional Water Supply 3.00 14.00 0.62 17.62 Project Taixing Regional Water Supply Project 1.8852 18.256 1.009 21.1502 Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Supply 2.92 3.708 0.48 7.108 Project Danyang Regional Water Supply 4.3818 12.074 0.2952 16.751 Project Nanjing Qiaobei Wastewater Project 20.00 80.00 3.10 103.10 Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater Project 10.00 68.00 5.80 81.80 Nanjing Chengbei Wastewater Project 15.00 50.00 3.10 68.10 Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Wastewater 4.28 0 0 4.28 Project Zhenjiang Jianbi Wastewater Project 6.03 27.04 3.87 36.94 Zhenjiang Dingmao Wastewater Project 6.03 27.04 3.87 36.94 Danyang Shicheng Wastewater Project 2.97 0 0 2.97 Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Project 9.66 16.98 5.20 31.84 Total 86.157 317.098 27.3442 428.5992

8.7.3. TENTATIVE BUDGETS

The total cost of the EMP was estimated at 21.472352 million RMB, which represents 0.69% of the overall budget (base cost) of the Project.

TABLE 8-6 SUMMARY OF EMP COST ESTIMATES PROVIDED IN SUBPROJECT EMP REPORTS (UNIT 104 RMB) Subproject Monitoring Cost Equipment Staff Environmental Total EMP Cost Training Management Cost Cost Cost Yancheng Regional Water 17.62 - 14.9 5.00 37.52 Supply Project Taixing Regional Water 21.1502 - 6 5.00 32.1502 Supply Project Zhenjiang Jinshan Water 7.108 - 5.10 5.00 17.208 Supply Project Danyang Regional Water 16.751 - 5.10 5.00 26.851 Supply Project Nanjing Qiaobei 103.10 29.10 13.50 745.00 890.70 Wastewater Project Nanjing Tiebei 81.80 0 4.10 745.00 832.90 Wastewater Project Nanjing Chengbei 68.10 0 6.70 0 74.80 Wastewater Project Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou 4.28 0 17.60 3.00 24.88 Wastewater Project

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Subproject Monitoring Cost Equipment Staff Environmental Total EMP Cost Training Management Cost Cost Cost Zhenjiang Jianbi 36.94 37.218 0 5.00 79.158 Wastewater Project Zhenjiang Dingmao 36.94 37.218 0 5.00 79.158 Wastewater Project Danyang Shicheng 2.97 0 4.00 3.00 9.97 Wastewater Project Taixing Huangqiao 31.84 0 5.10 5.00 41.94 Wastewater Project TOTAL 428.5992 103.536 82.1 1531 2147.2352

8.8. GENERAL REPORTING AND INFORMATION FOR THE EMP

8.8.1. EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

It is a request of environmental management to conduct necessary information exchange among different departments and positions. Besides, relative information should be released to outsiders such as relative parties and the public.

Internal information exchange can be carried out by means of conferences, internal briefing, etc. However, one official conference must be held once a month. All information exchange should be recorded and filed.

External information exchange should be carried out every half or one year. The information exchange with co-operative partners should be recorded in minutes and filed.

8.8.2. RECORDS

For an effective operation of the environmental management system, a complete recording system should be established and following records should be maintained:

1. Stipulations of laws and regulations;

2. Permits;

3. Environmental impacts;

4. Training;

5. Check, calibration and maintenance activities;

6. Monitoring data;

7. Occurrence of non-compliance;

8. Effectiveness of rectifications and prevention measures;

9. Information of parties involved;

10. Auditing;

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11. Evaluation.

In addition, necessary control for various above mentioned records is required, including tagging, collection, listing, filing, keeping, maintenance, query, term of keeping, disposal, etc.

8.8.3. REPORTING

During the implementation of the project, the contractors, monitoring agency and Project Management Office should keep a record of items including project progress, implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP), environmental quality monitoring results, etc., and report to relative authorities. The main contents consist of the following 3 parts:

1) Monitoring agency and contractors maintain a detailed record of EMP implementation and report to Project Office in a timely manner.

2) The content of EMP progress, such as progress and effect of implementation, should be included in project progress reports prepared by Project Office, including monthly, quarterly and annual reports.

3) The annual EMP implementation report should be ready and submitted to the World Bank before March 31 of the following year. The EMP implementation report should cover following contents:

(1) Implementation of training plan.

(2) The condition of project progress, such as the length of completed pipe network, construction progress of wastewater treatment plant, length of river renovated, etc.

(3) Record of possible complaints about the implementation of the proposed project, of the methods proposed to solve them, and of the final result.

(4) EMP implementation plan for the following year.

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9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

9.1. SUMMARY

The proposed Jiangsu Water & Wastewater Project will have a significant impact on local economic, social and environmental situation. Therefore, according to China environmental protection laws & regulations, World Bank environmental assessment policy (OP4.01), the two rounds of public consultation have been carried out for all the subprojects after the completion of Terms of Reference for EIA and completion of the first draft of EIA report for each subproject, respectively, so as to protect the interests of directly and indirectly affected communities and especially the poor and the vulnerable.

Three forms of public consultation have been taken for the proposed Jiangsu Water & Wastewater Project, including the public consultation meeting, the affected people’s site visit, and the questionnaire survey. The subproject EIAs provide information on the public consultation activities, including a copy of the questionnaire and a summary of the results.

A summary of the public consultation activities and results is provided below.

People generally support the proposed subprojects, but concerns have been expressed by the residents regarding impacts during construction, acquisition and compensation of land, and possible nuisances from plants (landscape – odour – noise).

Examples of concerns and wishes expressed:

1. concerns about the effective implementation of mitigation measures concerning the impact of wastewater, exhaust gas, solid waste and noise;

2. concerns about resettlement and compensation, information needs to be strengthened regarding procedures;

3. the residents wish simultaneous design, construction and operation of environmental protection facilities together with the main project items;

4. effluents should not be discharged until conforming to standards;

5. the residents hope the facilities will be constructed and operated as early as possible;

6. emergency procedures should be defined to deal with the possible failure of wastewater treatment facilities;

7. compliance monitoring should be strengthened by administrative departments

8. good communication should be established with local community;

9. landscaping of the site should be improved

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9.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

During the preparation of EA, the main stakeholders were identified. As first round of public consultation for JSW&WP, questionnaire was distributed with the typical contents as given below (as provided in Zhengrunzhou EA):

1. Distance between the residence and project site;

2. Are you satisfied with the current environmental status?

3. Do you know/hear about the proposed project in this region?

4. Where do you obtain the information on this project?

5. Would your work and life be affected, if this project will not be implemented?

6. What are major impacts of the project on the environment?

7. Can you accept inconvenience and environmental impacts caused during construction?

8. Are you satisfied with the proposed mitigation measures?

9. What is the most significant negative impact you’ve been concerned about?

10. Do you think if the benefits created by this project outweigh negative impacts?

11. In view of environmental protection, what is your opinion on this project?

As second round public consultation, the consultation meetings for each subproject were held in different locations, with oblast level government, EA institutions, project owner, as well as with potentially affected communities and families. Details of contents are provided in Table 9-2 in the following section.

9.2.1. DETAILS PER SUBPROJECT

The tables below provide details on the public consultation process for each location.

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TABLE 9-1: DETAILS ON THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS

Type of Organizing institute Participants (number, Date Location World Bank consultation/intervie important people) requirements w/meeting 1. Water Supply Components Yancheng Regional Water Supply Project Questionnaire Jiangsu Provincial Academy 100 residents directly or - Project area, including OP4.01 and the of Environmental Science; indirectly affected around development zone, Wuyou appendix the plants including Town, Guomeng Town, Yancheng Municipality officials, worker, farmer, Shangzhuang Town, Beijiang PRC Environmental Construction Authority teacher, etc Town Law EIA Law Meeting Jiangsu Provincial Academy People directly or March 10th 2008 Meeting room of Water Affair of Environmental Science; indirectly affected around Bureau of Yandou District in the project site Yancheng Yancheng Municipality Construction Authority Taixing Regional Water Supply Project Questionnaire Hohai University 100 residents directly or Early Sep.2007 Project area OP4.01 and the indirectly affected around appendix; the plants including officials, worker, farmer, PRC Environmental teacher, etc Law EIA Law Meeting Taixing Water Supply People directly or Feb. 27th 2008 Taixing Water Supply Company indirectly affected around Company 3rd floor the project site Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Supply Project Questionnaire Hohai University 66 residents directly or Dec. 2007 Project area OP4.01 and the indirectly affected around appendix; the plants including, worker, farmer, etc PRC Environmental Law Meeting Zhenjiang Water Supply 10 residents directly or Mar. 4th 2008 Meeting room of Yiquan EIA Law Company indirectly affected around Village Commission the project site Danyang Regional Water Supply Project

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Type of Organizing institute Participants (number, Date Location World Bank consultation/intervie important people) requirements w/meeting Questionnaire Hohai University 60 residents directly or Early Jun. 2007 Project area OP4.01 and the indirectly affected around appendix; the plants including, worker, farmer, etc Meeting Danyang City Water Supply 17 residents directly or March 11th 2008 Meeting room of Danyang Company indirectly affected around City Water Supply Company the plants including, worker, farmer, etc 2. Sewerage Component Nanjing Qiaobei Wastewater Project Questionnaire Nanjing Municipal Water 120 residents directly or Aug. 13th-15th, 2007 WWTP area, Venice Village, OP4.01 and the Company, Nanjing Academy indirectly affected around Yanjiang Town, Xinhua appendix; of Environmental Sciences the plants including Community, Fuxin officials, worker, farmer, Community, Fengqiang teacher, etc. Community and Tirun Town Meeting Nanjing Academy of 20 residents directly or March 6th 2008 Meeting room of Community Environmental Sciences indirectly affected around committee in Pukou District the plants and pumping of Nanjing Municipality station including officials, worker, farmer, teacher, etc. Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater Project Questionnaire Nanjing Municipal Water 100 residents directly or Feb. 21st, 22nd and WWTP area, Xixia District, OP4.01 and the Company, Nanjing Academy indirectly affected around 25th 2008 Xujia Village, Fujiachang appendix; of Environmental Sciences the plants including Village, Fanxun Village, officials, worker, farmer, Yujiang Garden, Mufu PRC Environmental teacher, etc. Village, Shengli Village, Law Xinlian Machinery Company, EIA Law Parmaceutical University, etc.

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Type of Organizing institute Participants (number, Date Location World Bank consultation/intervie important people) requirements w/meeting Meeting Nanjing Academy of Nanjing Municipal Water March 14th 2008 Meeting room of Nanjing Environmental Sciences Company, Nanjing Academy of Environmental municipal EPB, Central Sciences Southern Design Institute, 14 residents directly or indirectly affected around the plants and along the pipeline network Nanjing Chengbei Wastewater Project Questionnaire Nanjing Municipal Water 30 residents directly or Feb. 20th and 22nd WWTP area, Xiaguan OP4.01 and the Company, Nanjing Academy indirectly affected around 2008 District, South Rehe Road, appendix; of Environmental Sciences the plants including Hengshengjia Residential officials, worker, farmer, Area, West Mufu Road, PRC Environmental teacher, etc. Wufujia Residential Area, Law Xinghecui Garden EIA Law

Meeting Nanjing Academy of 14 Residents directly or Feb. 28th 2008 Nanjing Academy of Environmental Sciences indirectly affected around Environmental Sciences the plants and Meijia Pond Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Wastewater Project Questionnaire Hohai University 65 residents directly or Early Jun. 2007 WWTP area OP4.01 and the indirectly affected around appendix; the plants including officials, worker, farmer, PRC Environmental teacher, etc. Law EIA Law Meeting Zhenjiang Water Supply Residents directly or Feb. 27th 2008 Qinyuan Alley Community Company indirectly affected around Commission the plants including Hohai University officials, worker, farmer, teacher, etc. Zhenjiang Jianbi Wastewater Project

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Type of Organizing institute Participants (number, Date Location World Bank consultation/intervie important people) requirements w/meeting Questionnaire Hohai University 60 residents directly or May 28th 2007 Area directly or indirectly OP4.01 and the indirectly affected around affected appendix; the plants including officials, worker, farmer, PRC Environmental teacher, etc. Law EIA Law Meeting Hohai University 9 Residents who live Feb.26th 2008 Caijia Village Commission of around the Jianbi WWTP Jianbi Town Organize the project Zhenjiang Water Supply residents directly or Mar.4th 2008 Dantu WWTP affected people to visit Company indirectly affected around the Dantu WWTP the plants Zhenjiang Dingmao Wastewater Project Questionnaire Hohai University 60 residents directly or - Project area OP4.01 and the indirectly affected around appendix; the plants including officials, worker, farmer, PRC Environmental teacher, etc. Law EIA Law Meeting Hohai University 10 residents living around Feb. 25th 2008 Changjiang Village the WWTP Commission in Xiangshan Town, Jingkou District Organize the project Zhenjiang Water Supply residents directly or Mar.4th 2008 Dantu WWTP affected people to visit Company indirectly affected around the Dantu WWTP the plants Danyang Shicheng Wastewater Project Questionnaire Jiangsu Provincial EPB 50 residents directly or Early Jun. 2007 Project area OP4.01 and the indirectly affected around appendix; the plants including officials, worker, farmer, PRC Environmental teacher, etc. Law EIA Law Organize the project Shicheng WWTP 11 residents directly or Mar. 1st 2008 No. 1 wastewater pumping affected people to visit indirectly affected around station the existing No.1 the plants including wastewater pumping officials, worker, farmer, station teacher, etc.

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Type of Organizing institute Participants (number, Date Location World Bank consultation/intervie important people) requirements w/meeting Meeting Shicheng WWTP 11 residents directly or Mar. 1st 2008 Meeting room of Shicheng indirectly affected around WWTP the plants including officials, worker, farmer, teacher, etc. Taixing Huangqiao Wastewater Project Questionnaire Taixing Municipality Water 77 residents directly or July 2007 WWTP area OP4.01 and the Authority, indirectly affected around appendix; the plants including Hohai University officials, worker, farmer, PRC Environmental teacher, etc. Law EIA Law Meeting Hohai University 22 residents living around Feb. 27 2007 Meeting room of Taixing the proposed WWTP, Municipality Government pumping station and conveyor system

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9.2.2. ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS

The table below summarizes activities and results from the public consultation process held in location of each component of Jiangsu Water & Wastewater Project.

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TABLE 9-2: SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS FROM THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION (FIRST ROUND)

Subproject Public Date/time Results consultation period activities 1. Water Supply Components

Yancheng Regional Water Questionnaire - z 100% recovery Supply Project z 73% surveyed aware of the proposed project

z 87% support the construction of the proposed project

z 86% hope there will be no construction during the night, also countermeasures will be taken to ensure safety and environmental protection. Taixing Regional Water Questionnaire Early Sep. Majority of the people surveyed appropriate the project Supply Project 2007 necessity, and the main concerns lie in the implementation of mitigation measures to reduce dust and noise nuisance during the construction. The residents hope for no construction during the night. The legal compliance monitoring will be strengthened by the administrative department of environmental protection.

z 100% recovery

z 86% aware of the proposed project;

z 55% agree with the pipeline distribution,

z 99% agree with the acquisition of agricultural land,

z 1% disagree with the acquisition of agricultural land,

z 91% support the construction of project Zhenjiang Jinshan Water Questionnaire Dec. 2007 Majority of the people surveyed appropriate the project Supply Project necessity; agree with the acquisition of fishing pond or agricultural land. The farmers are concerned about dust and noise nuisance during the construction. Effective mitigation measures should be implemented to minimize the impact of the proposed project on the surrounding environment.

z 98% recovery,

z 93.8% surveyed satisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project site,

z 6.2% dissatisfied with the environmental quality of the proposed project site,

z 72.3% aware of the proposed project. Danyang Regional Water Questionnaire Early Jun. Majority of the people surveyed support the proposed project. Supply Project 2007 Main concerns relate to the dust and wastewater from the project site during the construction. The residents hope there will be no construction during the night. Landscaping of the project site should be improved.

z 97% recovery,

z 75% aware of the proposed project,

z 55% agree with the distribution of conveyor system,

z 13.8% agree with the temporary land or fishing pond acquisition,

z 86.2% agree with the temporary land or fishing pond acquisition, but hope compensation measures will be implemented in compliance with the relevant national regulations.

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Subproject Public Date/time Results consultation period activities 2. Sewerage Components Nanjing Qiaobei Wastewater Questionnaire Aug. 13th- Majority of the people surveyed appropriate the project Project 15th 2007 necessity, and the main concerns relate to the implementation of environmental protection measures. Residents hope the legal compliance monitoring will be strengthened by the administrative department of environmental protection

z 100% recovery,

z 97% surveyed support the proposed project,

z 78% surveyed satisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project site,

z 22% dissatisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project site,

z 90% aware of the proposed project. Nanjing Tiebei Wastewater Questionnaire Feb.21st, Majority of the people surveyed appropriate the project Project 22nd and necessity, and the main concerns relate to the implementation 25th 2008 of environmental protection measures. Residents hope the legal compliance monitoring will be strengthened by the administrative department of environmental protection

z 100% recovery,

z 96% surveyed support the project,

z 75% satisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project site,

z 25% dissatisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project site;

z 91% aware of the proposed project. Nanjing Chengbei Questionnaire Feb.20th and Majority of the people surveyed appropriate the project Wastewater Project 22nd 2008 necessity, and the main concerns relate to the implementation of environmental protection measures. Residents hope the legal compliance monitoring will be strengthened by the administrative department of environmental protection

z 83% satisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project, 17% dissatisfied;

z 93% aware of the proposed project, 7% unaware of the proposed project;

z 63% concerned about the impact of proposed project on the environmental quality;

z 100% support the project.

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Subproject Public Date/time Results consultation period activities Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou Questionnaire Early Jun. Majority of the people surveyed support the proposed project. Wastewater Project 2007 Main concerns relate to the noise, dust, traffic jam during the construction. The adverse impact during the construction should be minimised to the extent possible

z 97% recovery,

z 96.8% surveyed aware of the proposed project,

z more than 50% satisfied with the proposed mitigation measures,

z 71.4% agree with the construction of the proposed project,

z 28.6% disagree with the construction of the proposed project, but hope mitigation measures should be implemented to reduce the impact of construction of pumping station and conveyor system. Zhenjiang Jianbi Wastewater Questionnaire May 28th Majority of the people surveyed appropriate the project Project 2007 necessity, and the main concerns relate to the noise, dust nuisance during the construction. Residents hope the dedicated roads will be built during the construction and there will be no construction during the night. Legal compliance monitoring should be strengthened by the administrative department of environmental protection

z 100% recovery,

z 96.67% surveyed aware of the proposed project,

z 66.67% satisfied with the proposed mitigation measures Zhenjiang Dingmao Questionnaire - The necessity of the proposed project has been realized by Wastewater Project the majority of the people surveyed. The residents hope the construction of WWTP will be well planned and implemented. The sludge and solid waste generated from the proposed plant should be centralized and treated comprehensively. It is also suggested that the landscaping of WWTP should be improved. Main concerns also relate to the dust, noise nuisance during the construction. Jiangsu University disagreed with the proposed location of WWTP. To improve students’ life and health, the project owner decided to site the proposed plant at Lujiangyu instead of Zuojia Village.

z 100% recovery,

z 63.33% surveyed aware of the proposed project,

z 66.66% satisfied with the proposed mitigation measures,

z 90% support the construction of the proposed project. Danyang Shicheng Questionnaire Early June The project necessity has been realized by majority of the Wastewater Project 2007 people surveyed. Majority of the people survey support the construction of the proposed project. The residents hope the construction will be completed as soon as possible to minimize the environmental pollution.

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Subproject Public Date/time Results consultation period activities

Taixing Huangqiao Questionnaire July 2007 z 100% recovery, Wastewater Project z 83.1% surveyed support the proposed project,

z 7.7% satisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project site,

z 92.3% dissatisfied with the current environmental quality of the proposed project site,

z 74.1% aware of the project

z 91% aware of the proposed project,

z 100% agree with the acquisition of agricultural land. Majority of the people surveyed appropriate the project necessity, and the main concerns relate to the impact of wastewater and noise during the construction period of environmental protection measures. Residents hope the legal compliance monitoring will be strengthened by the administrative department of environmental protection.

TABLE 9-3: SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS FROM THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION (SECOND ROUND)

Sub-project Public Date/time Public opinion and Feedbacks consultation period problems concerned activities 1. Water Supply Components

Yancheng Meeting March 10th z Synchronize the z Construction of pipeline network should Regional Water 2008 construction of pipeline be synchronized with construction of Supply Project network with the roads in rural area; reconstruction of roads in rural area;

z Costs for connection of z Construction of pipeline network will be pipeline network and financed by the World Bank; routine maintenance; and adoptability and affordability of farmers ;

z Whether the existing small- z Small-scale township WTP will be shut scale township WTPs will down after implementation of regional operate or not after water supply. implementation of regional water supply ;

Taixing Regional Meeting Feb.27 2008 z Speed up the construction; z The construction will be completed as Water Supply soon as possible; Project z Noise nuisance at night z During the construction of Baota WTP, during the operation of the location of pump room on the south Baota WTP; side will be taken into account as much as possible to mitigate the impact on the residents living in the south of plant boundary. Meanwhile, devices with low noise emission should be selected to make the noise level in the residential area reach the standard.

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Sub-project Public Date/time Public opinion and Feedbacks consultation period problems concerned activities

z Impacts of effluents from z After project completion it is required Baota WTP on water that domestic wastewater generated in quality of Taiyun River as Baota WTP should be discharged into standby water source; urban sewer system; industrial effluents from Baota WWTP will be discharged into the west section outside the Class Ⅱ Protection Zone of Rutai Canal as water source;

z Impacts of pollution on z Since there are several residential residents nearby during areas in the vicinity of Huangqiao construction; Pumping Station, the corresponding measures for pollution control and prevention during construction will be taken to minimize the impacts on the residents living nearby.

z Well drawdown z To avoid the pollution of farmland due to well drawdown, the wastewater generated during excavation will be drained into the rivers nearby; and discharge into the farmland nearby is forbidden.

Zhenjiang Jinshan Meeting March 4th z Impacts of noise generated z As projected, the operation of Jinshan Water Supply 2008 in Jinshan WTP during WTP will not have significant negative Project operation impacts on the ambient environment and residents’ life;

z Environmental disturbance z The environmental disturbance during during construction construction would be minimized if the proposed preventative measures for noise and air pollution during construction could be strictly implemented;

z Temporary land acquisition z The temporary land acquisition is and farmland sewerage attributed to the construction of raw system during and treated water pipelines. The total construction; area will be 108.5 mu. Since the construction of pipelines will be mainly on county roads, the area of farmland is small. Meanwhile for the farmland to be acquired, specific resettlement policies and compensation standard will be set. Therefore, the impacts of temporary farmland acquisition will not be significant if the policies and standards are strictly followed.

z Industrial effluent to be z After project completion, the daily discharged from Jinshan backwash wastewater generated by WTP during operation filtration tank will be 5274.7 m3, or 1925000t/a. The amount of sludge to be discharged will be 71.74t/a. The supernatant fluid will be recycled. The backwash wastewater from filtration tank is proposed to be discharged into wastewater reuse tank and elevated into inflow pipe of sedimentation tank. Therefore, no industrial wastewater will be discharge outside after the extension.

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Sub-project Public Date/time Public opinion and Feedbacks consultation period problems concerned activities

Danyang Regional Meeting March 11th z Construction site should be The public comments has been accepted Water Supply 2008 closed during construction; by the top management of Danyang City Project Water Supply Company z Construction should be arranged during daytime

z Advanced equipment should be used by new WTP in order to reduce the noise generated during operation 2. Sewerage Components Nanjing Qiaobei Meeting March 6th Residents are concerned The relevant mitigation measures will be Wastewater 2008 about noise, odour, sludge taken during construction and operation in Project and other pollutants generated order to achieve compliant discharge. during construction and operation

Nanjing Tiebei Meeting March 14th z The industrial effluents More attention has been paid to the public Wastewater 2008 should be collected and opinions and comments by the Project treated; or the industrial construction and EA agencies. plants should be resettled; During project design, industrial effluents z The domestic wastewater from serving areas will be collected and from the existing treated. Meanwhile, analysis on fly dust residential areas should be and noise pollution has been carried out collected by WWTP for during EA process. It is required that the treatment; defined mitigation measures should be implemented by construction agencies. Nanjing Chengbei Meeting Feb.28th The public consultation - Wastewater 2008 regarding solutions to the Project potential noise and odour generated during the operation of pumping station. And all participants agreed to the project construction and hoped that the existing solid waste collection station and abandoned stormwater pumping station will be transformed into wastewater pumping station, and the effluents discharged will meet the relevant discharge standards.

Zhenjiang Meeting Feb. 27th z The drainage system did z The capacity of Toubaidu Pumping Zhengrunzhou 2008 not work well prior to the Station will be increased from 25,000 Wastewater construction of Toubaidu t/d to 40,000 t/d which contributes to an Project Pumping Station, increase in drainage capacity in this especially on rainy days, area; the residential area used to be frequently flooded. After construction of Toubaidu Pumping Station, no flooding occurred. It is suggested that the drainage capacity should be increased to avoid the reoccurrence of flooding.

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Sub-project Public Date/time Public opinion and Feedbacks consultation period problems concerned activities

z The wastewater collection z Improvement of pipeline network in old rate in that region is not urban areas including the reach of high which contributes to Yunliang River will be main content of the odour nuisance on the construction project. Yunliang River and in ponds. It is suggested that sewer system should be improved in that area.

z Roads are expected to be z Road construction in that area has rehabilitated at late stage been involved in this project. of project;

z Residents are satisfied z Management of wastewater pumping with mitigation measures station will be enhanced by contractor proposed by EA agency. It to ensure the strict implementation of is suggested that noise and odour reduction measures management of Toubaidu together with the normal operation, Pumping Station should be mitigate the impacts on residents living enhanced to avoid odour nearby. and noise nuisance to residents. Zhenjiang Jianbi Meeting Feb.26th Residents are worried about To clear up public’s misunderstanding of Wastewater 2008 odour emissions from WWTP WWTP, resident representatives are Project during operation organised to visit Dantu WWTP. Organize the Mar. 4th Through the visits to on-site project 2008 wastewater treatment facilities, affected gardens, greenbelts, resident people to visit representatives were well the Dantu informed of the layout of WWTP WWTP, the misunderstanding of WWTP was cleared up.

Zhenjiang Meeting Feb. 25th z It is suggested that z Zhengxing Road and Yangtze River Dingmao 2008 temporary passageways Dam will be trunk-roads for vehicles. Wastewater should be built to facilitate The construction project has been Project the transport brought in the construction of urban roads in Zhenjiang in 2008. The road width is 20m;

z It is suggested that green z Public’s comments have been adopted. belts should be built to The construction of green belts will be avoid the impacts of odour synchronised with that of WWTP; and noise on Changjiang Village;

z It is suggested the project z If the site is relocated towards the site should be relocated north, more area for plantation will be towards the north parallel occupied, longer construction time to the landfill site; more construction fee will be required. Therefore, the comment will not be adopted;

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Sub-project Public Date/time Public opinion and Feedbacks consultation period problems concerned activities

z It is suggested that the z The roads from the renovated sludge should be directly Zhenxing Road to Yangtze River dam transported to Chengdong will be used as sludge transportation Landfill Site through route which is far from residential pipelines instead of areas. Therefore, no impact on vehicles; residents’ life will be caused. The transportation through pipeline will greatly increase the construction fee, which is not economically feasible. Therefore, the comment will not be adopted;

z Residents are concerned z To clear up public’s misunderstanding about odour emissions of WWTP, arrangements were made from WWTP during for resident representatives to visit operation Dantu WWTP. Organize the Mar. 4th Through the visits to on-site project 2008 wastewater treatment facilities, affected gardens, greenbelts, resident people to visit representatives were well the Dantu informed of the layout of WWTP WWTP, the misunderstanding of WWTP was cleared up. Danyang Organize the Mar. 1st After the visit, the opinions and Shicheng project 2008 suggestions given by the Wastewater affected project affected people are: Project people to visit the existing z Through the visit to No.1 No.1 pumping station, residents wastewater realized that there would pumping no noise and odour station nuisance in winter.

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Sub-project Public Date/time Public opinion and Feedbacks consultation period problems concerned activities Meeting Mar. 1st However, no idea how the 2008 odour will be and if there will be lots of mosquitoes in spring. If required, preventative measures should be taken by the WWTP;

z No impact on residents’ normal life during construction has been expected. It is required that construction should be carried out in a professional and secure manner. And neither dust nuisance nor dumping is allowed. Vehicles used for construction should be properly parked. Noise during construction should be strictly controlled. Construction after 10 p.m. is forbidden;

z Resident representatives considered that construction of pumping station would improve the aquatic environment in urban area of Danyang and benefit the posterity. Therefore, they totally agreed to the construction of pumping station.

Taixing Meeting Feb. 27th z Whether tail water can be z The effluents from Huangqiao WWTP Huangqiao 2008 reused as domestic will be discharged into Dongjianghuang Wastewater drinking water River in compliance with Class Ⅰ A Project Standard for Pollutants Discharged

from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants GB18918-2002. The cost for advanced treatment of effluents (COD50mg/L and BOD510mg/L) is rather high and the effluent is also composed of industrial wastewater. Therefore, the receiving water body can be not used as drinking water intake. Tail water reuse has been proposed in EA report It is suggested that certain amount of tail water should be reused for flushing, irrigation, planting, etc;

z Whether discharge of the z The effluent discharge is 9.125 million wastewater into t/a, which will have some impacts on Dongjianghuang River will the water quality of Dongjianghuang have impacts on water River. As projected, COD quality of inner moat, which concentration at 1.7km downstream of contributes to secondary sewage outfall can meet the pollution; requirements for Class Ⅲ surface water.

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Sub-project Public Date/time Public opinion and Feedbacks consultation period problems concerned activities

z Alternatives of the project z There are two alternatives for project site sites. Comparisons have been made, considering feasibility of land acquisition, environmental sensitivity, resettlement action, difficulty of wastewater collection, sewage drainage and investment. Alternative 1: the land is planned to be used for charity, without environmental protection points within a 200-mile radius of the project site. No resettlement will be involved. In addition, the project site is close to the Dongjianghuang River which is convenient for sewage drainage. Alternative 2: the land is a planned urban land close to Yewu Village, Yefengjia Village and north part of Hejia Village. There are lots of environmental protection points and a large number of residents to be resettled. Meanwhile, the project site is 2.5 km away from downtown. Hence, a wastewater pumping station needs to be constructed with long sewer pipelines. Compared to the alternative 2, the alternative has the following advantages: no resettlement, convenient collection of wastewater, longer sewer pipelines and lower investment. Therefore, alternative 1 has been selected.

z What are components of z The odorous components from WWTP odour to be generated after are H2S and NH3. As projected, the construction of WWTP various pollutants at plant boundary and pumping stations; and environmental protection points whether there will be can comply with the relevant evaluation impacts on residents standards. The buffer zone for WWTP and pumping stations will be 200m and 50m,respectively. Therefore, odour nuisance to the ambient environment is acceptable.

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9.3. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

The table below summarizes the information disclosure activities (two rounds) through website, newspaper or library that have been held in each location.

TABLE 9-4: DETAILS ON INFORMATION DISCLOSURE OF EACH SUB-COMPONENT (TWO ROUNDS)

Subproject Document Disclosure Date Location 1. Water Supply Components Yancheng Regional Introduction of the project, its January 9th -22nd http://www.yccin.gov.cn Water Supply Project potential environmental impacts 2008; and mitigation measures; (Website of Yancheng Construction Authority)

EIA report and EMP July 22nd – August 4th 2008

Taixing Regional Water EIA, Introduction of the project, its June 20th -30th 2007; http://www.taixing.cn/ Supply Project potential environmental impacts (Website of Taixing and mitigation measures; Municipality)

EIA report and EMP December 25th 2007 – January 5th 2008

Zhenjiang Jinshan Water EIA, Introduction of the project; December 1st -10th http://www.zjsjsw.cn Supply Project 2007 (Website of Zhenjiang Construction Authority); EIA Report and EMP June 12th 2008 Library of Zhenjiang Municipality Zhenjiang Daily Danyang Regional Water The intent of developing this project July 28th 2007 and July http://www.dyz123.com/ Supply Project and a brief project description 8th 2007 dywater (Website of Danyang EIA Report and EMP June 28th - August 8th Water Supply Company) 2007

EIA report and EMP June 17th 2008 Public Utility Division of Construction Bureau of Danyang City; Danyang Daily 2. Sewerage Components

Nanjing Qiaobei The intent of developing this project June 22nd, 2007 http://www.njhbs.net Wastewater Project and a brief project description (Website of Nanjing Academy of EIA report and EMP August 16th 2007 Environmental Sciences.)

Nanjing Tiebei The intent of developing this project December 2nd 2007 http://www.njhbs.net Wastewater Project and a brief project description

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Subproject Document Disclosure Date Location EIA report and EMP February 25th 2008 (Website of Nanjing Academy of Environmental Sciences.) Nanjing Chengbei The intent of developing this project December 6th 2007 http://www.njhbs.net Wastewater Project and a brief project description (Website of Nanjing EIA reporting sheet and EMP March 5th 2008 Academy of Environmental Sciences.) Zhenjiang Zhengrunzhou EIA, Introduction of the project July 2nd 2007 http://www.jszjsy.gov.cn Wastewater Project EIA report and EMP October 2007 (Website of Zhenjiang Water Supply Company) Zhenjiang Jianbi EIA, Introduction of the project July 2nd 2007 Jianbi Daily; Wastewater Project EIA report and EMP October 2007 http://www.jszjsy.gov.cn (Website of Zhenjiang Water Supply Company) Zhenjiang Dingmao EIA, Introduction of the project July 2nd 2007 http://www.jszjsy.gov.cn Sewerage System EIA report and EMP October 2007 (Website of Zhenjiang Water Supply Company) Danyang Shicheng EIA, Introduction of the project July 5th -15th 2007 http://www.dyz123.com/ Wastewater Project dywater

(Website of Danyang Water Supply Company) July 28th – Aug. 8th http://www.zjshb.gov.cn 2007 (Website of Zhenjiang EPB) EIA Reporting Sheet and EMP June 17th 2008 Public Utility Division of Construction Bureau of Danyang City and Danyang Daily Taixing Huangqiao The intent of developing this project July 17th – 27th 2007 http://www.taixing.gov.c Wastewater Project and a brief project description A n

(Website of Taixing Municipality Government) EIA report and EMP December 27th 2007- http://www.taixing.cn Jan. 10th 2008 (Website of Taixing Municipality Government)

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10. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

10.1. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

The Project involves 12 sub-components in 5 cities in Jiangsu Province, all of which fit into the regional planning objectives to improve and develop environmental management infrastructures in order to:

z meet the increasing domestic and industrial water demand in the future;

z support urban growth and economic development;

z ensure a healthy water supply to all;

z reduce rivers and marine pollution by domestic and industrial effluents and waste;

z optimize the utilization of quality water resource;

z improve public health and quality of life for both urban and rural population;

The negative impacts of all these subprojects during both construction and operation periods can be well under control and minimized by adopting appropriate measures as formulated in the EMP documentation.

10.2. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The Project will globally improve the environment by improving health conditions and quality of life for both urban and rural population, improving surface water quality and preserving the groundwater resources from over-exploitation.

There are no significant negative impacts on ecology, water quality and air quality, provided the design conditions are respected.

The subprojects will have some temporary impacts during construction, but these can be mitigated by appropriate measures.

The most significant negative impacts will be:

z land acquisition and resettlement;

z quality of living for residents near the plant locations (including smells, noise, landscape, air pollution and extra traffic);

z amounts of WWTP sludge to be disposed of and risk of pollution from this sludge.

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The most significant environmental risks are the risk of groundwater pollution through leachate, the risk of explosions at landfills and the risk of accidental release of untreated wastewater at WWTPs.

About 61.247ha of land will permanently be acquired for the building of water plants, WWTPs, pumping stations.

10.3. CONCLUSIONS FOR SUB-PROJECTS

10.3.1. YANCHENG WS

(1) Class Ⅰand Ⅱ water source protection zones should be established and distinct signs should be set up in water sources. In Class Ⅰwater source protection zones, no activities causing pollution is allowed. In Class Ⅰwater source protection zones, no storage of sludge and waste on the river banks is allowed. No construction of hazardous chemical warehouse is allowed. Neither construction nor extension of enterprises contributing to water source pollution is allowed.

(2) Yancheng Municipal Government should promise to implement the protection of water source protection zones. Contingency plan for risk prevention in docks should be established and various specific measures should be taken to ensure the safeguarding of drinking water intake in water sources.

(3) Select standby water sources. Contingency plan will be adopted in case of pollution accidents. Use standby water sources for water supply if required.

(4) Chlorination room should be equipped with advanced enclosed chlorine dosing device and alarm device. Negative pressure ventilation, neutralisation device should start in case of chlorine leakage. Although the occurrence probability of chlorine leakage is extremely low, various safeguard measures should be implemented during design, construction and operation, contingency plan for chlorine leakage should be further studied and established to prevent accidents.

(5) Contractors should protect environment in compliance with the relevant environmental protection management for construction projects, establish various rules and regulations regarding environmental protection, strictly implement Three Synchronies Policy. And the safeguard measures and environmental protection measures mentioned in this CEA report should be strictly taken.

10.3.2. TAIXING WS

(1)Base on the national strategy to save water and energy and reduce emission/discharge, it is required that sludge water should be treated and water reuse should be enhanced to save the cost of long-distance raw water conveyance, as well as save water resource.

(2) Various safeguard measures should be implemented during design, construction and operation, contingency plan for chlorine leakage, especially for severe accidents should be further studied and established to reduce the leakage accident probability.

(3) Drinking water source protection zones should be classified in compliance with the Technical Guidelines for Classification of Drinking Water Source Protection Zones TJ/T338- 2007, monitoring of water quality in drinking water protection zones should be enhanced to understand the trend of changes in water quality and ensure the safeguard of water intake.

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(4) Corporate governance should be strengthened to raise staff’s awareness of environmental protection and risk prevention.

(5) Carry out ISO14000 Environmental Management System Accreditation to improve corporate environmental management.

10.3.3. DANYANG WS

(1) Various safeguard measures should be implemented during design, construction and operation, contingency plan for chlorine leakage, especially for severe accidents should be further studied and established to reduce the leakage accident probability.

(2) Drinking water source protection zones should be classified in compliance with the Technical Guidelines for Classification of Drinking Water Source Protection Zones TJ/T338- 2007, monitoring of water quality in drinking water protection zones should be enhanced to understand the trend of changes in water quality and ensure the safeguard of water intake.

(3) Speed up the construction of regional water supply infrastructure and realize the economic and social benefits of this project.

(4) Corporate governance should be strengthened to raise staff’s awareness of environmental protection and risk prevention.

(5) Carry out ISO14000 Environmental Management System Accreditation to improve corporate environmental management.

10.3.4. NANJING QIAOBEI WW

(1) To maintain the operation of WWTP in case of accidents, adequate retention capacity should be installed in main water supply facilities equipped with the associated devices, such as reflux pumps, pipelines, bypass pipelines, values, meters, etc.

(2) The filtrate and rinsing water after sludge dewatering should be treated in reaction tank to meet the discharge standard prior to the discharge. Due to high content of phosphorous in wastewater, it is suggested that physical-chemical treatment for removal of phosphorous should be carried out prior to the biochemical treatment.

(3)It is suggested that there should be a set of equipment for odorous gas collection and treatment on duty and one on standby to minimize the potential risk

During approval for construction planning of Venice Town (Phase Ⅱ), Construction Bureau of Pukou District should keep contact with Suning Group (contractor for Venice Town). Construction project of residential area will be not approved at a distance of 200m from the north plant boundary.

10.3.5. NANJING TIEBEI WW

(2) The filtrate and rinsing water after sludge dewatering should be treated in reaction tank to meet the discharge standard prior to the discharge. Due to high content of phosphorous in

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wastewater, it is suggested that physical-chemical treatment for removal of phosphorous should be carried out prior to the biochemical treatment.

(3) It is suggested that the selection of various parameters should be fully studied and identified. The adaptability at different temperatures should be considered, especially the denitrification at low temperature, to ensure that the effluents can meet the relevant discharge standards.

10.3.6. NANJING CHENGBEI WW

(1) Contractor should implement various pollution prevention and control measures mentioned in this CEA report, focus on introducing and establishing advance management modes, perfect management system, raise the staff’s awareness of environmental protection. Environmental protection activities should be performed from project commencement to operation.

(2) During construction attention should be paid to the ineffective implementation of environmental protection measures, which leads to negative impacts of wastewater, noise and dust on the protection points and also improper disposal of soil after project completion. It is suggested that the relevant environmental protection measures should be listed in the proposal by contractor; supervision agency should be entrusted to conduct supervision on environmental protection and be given appropriate financial compensation.

(3) The project site is located in the main urban areas of Nanjing. There are mostly residential buildings, schools and hospitals at a distance of 50m from the construction sites.Therefore, in order not to affect the normal life and work of residents living nearby, equipment selection, routine management and others should be taken into account, such as selection of equipment with low noise emission, spraying water on roads, ban on the construction at night and in windy weather.

(4) It is suggested that greening measures, e.g. trees planting should be taken in the plant to lessen the potential impacts of odour

(5) As the construction period is long, it is suggested that based on the on-site progress, environmental protection measures should be adjusted and improved in affected sensitive receivers and sections in a timely manner.

10.3.7. ZHENJIANG ZHENGRUNZHOU & JIANBI WW

(1) Studies on sludge utilization, minimization and sanitary disposal technologies should be enhanced, sewage sludge landfilling should be minimized and sludge should be used for agriculture and road construction.

(2) The effluent quality will be compliant with Class ⅠA Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants. Therefore, further analysis of feasibility and trial application of tail water from the WWTP should be made, in terms of reuse of tail water for urban forestry and greening, road spraying, landscaping, ecological restoration, etc. Consequently, water reuse system in WWTP should be built to minimize the transfer of pollutants to the upstream areas of Zhenjiang City.

10.3.8. ZHENJIANG DINGMAO WW

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(2) It is suggested that there should be a set of equipment for odorous gas collection and treatment on duty and one on standby to minimize the potential risk

(3) To maintain the normal operation of the WWTP, industrial pollution sources should be strictly controlled. Before being discharged into sewer system, the sewage with high concentration of pollutants should be pre-treated in the plants discharging pollutants until the effluents meet the discharge standard.

(4) Noise reduction and damping measures, such as noise elimination and insulation of devices with high noise emission, should be taken to lessen the impacts of noise on ambient environment.

(5) Management and Maintenance of sewerage network should be enhanced to ensure the transfer of wastewater in network. It is suggested that relevant connecting fee methods and standards should be established by the relevant authorities to maintain stable operation of WWTP.

(6)Three Synchronies Policy for construction projects should be implemented to minimize the negative impacts of this project on the environment.

10.3.9. TAIXING HUANGQIAO WW

(1) To maintain the normal operation of WWTP in case of accidents, adequate retention capacity should be installed in main water supply facilities equipped with the associated equipment, such as reflux pumps, pipelines, bypass pipelines, values, meters, etc.

(2) The effluent quality will be compliant with Class ⅠA Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants. Therefore, it is required that the tail water should be reused for landscaping river bank, irrigation, planting, etc.

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