Declared noxious weeds

Key to symbols in the table of declared noxious weeds

S = State prohibited P = Regionally prohibited C = Regionally controlled R = Restricted F = Fisheries Act species

*1 Branched broomrape is also a declared exotic disease under the Health and Plant Products Act 1995.

*2 Except Salix alba var. caerulea, Salix alba x matsudana, Salix babylonica, Salix x calodendron, Salix caprea ‘Pendula’, Salix matsudana ‘Aurea’, Salix matsudana ‘Tortuosa’, Salix myrsinifolia and Salix x reichardtii.

State prohibited weed; hawkweed, Hieracium State prohibited weed; horsetails, Equisetum Removal of State prohibited weed; water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes.

Classification of declared noxious weeds in Victoria under the Catchment and Land Protection Act, proclaimed in Victorian Government Gazette of 1 October 2010, and the declared as noxious aquatic species in the Victorian Government Gazette February 2011 of 8 July 2010.

This information has been derived from the Department of Primary Industries Landcare Notes. Note number LC0252a and LC0252b, published April 2006 and last updated April 2010. This information and the original Landcare Note can be downloaded from http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/notes. Declared noxious weeds This note is updated from time to time, please ensure you have the latest version.

If you would like to receive this information/publication in an accessible ISBN 978-1-74264-519-3 (print) format (such as large print or audio) please call the Customer Service ISBN 978-1-74264-654-1 (online) Centre on: 136 186, TTY: 1800 122 969, or Disclaimer: email [email protected] This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly Published by the Department of Primary Industries, Biosecurity Victoria, February 2011 appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information © The State of Victoria, 2011 in this publication. This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in For more information about DPI go to www.dpi.vic.gov.au or call the Customer accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.Authorised by the Victorian Call Centre on 136 186. Government, 1 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000

www.dpi.vic.gov.au Removal of State prohibited weed; water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes.

February 2011 DeclaredDeclared noxiousnoxious weedsweeds

February 2011 Declared noxious weeds Catchment and Land Protection Act

This fact sheet provides a list of declared noxious State prohibited weeds Complying with the Catchment and Sections 70, 70A and 71 weeds in Victoria with their current classifications and Land Protection Act legal restrictions. Sections 70, 70A and 71 of the CaLP Act apply to all declared State prohibited weeds either do not occur in Victoria, or are noxious weed, irrespective of category or region. These present in small enough numbers to be reasonably deemed Provisions of the CaLP Act are enforced by the Department of sections prohibit: eradicable. These species are the highest category of noxious Under the Catchment and Land Protection (CaLP) Act 1994 Primary Industries (DPI). Priority for enforcement is given to weeds under the CaLP Act. The Victorian Government is certain plants are declared as noxious weeds in Victoria. the species and locations determined to be of greatest • Movement from land onto road or from road onto land of:  responsible for their eradication from all land in the State. See These plants cause environmental or economic harm or have importance by the CMA in each region. those weeds marked with an “S” in the following table. 1. Vehicles and trailers used for carrying, moving or the potential to cause such harm. They can also pose a risk to transporting hay, grain, stone, gravel, soil, plant human health. Property owners who do not eradicate Regionally prohibited If you suspect a State prohibited weed please report it to weeds or prevent the growth and spread of Regionally material, fodder or livestock; DPI on 136-186. controlled weeds for which they are responsible, may be 2. Vehicles used for carrying, moving or transporting Categories of noxious weeds issued with a Land Management Notice or Directions Notice machinery or equipment for road and utility building that requires specific control work to be undertaken. Failure to or maintenance, primary production, or earthworks; Regionally prohibited weeds comply with the conditions of a notice may result in litigation The CaLP Act defines four categories of noxious weeds: and fines of over $25,000 or the issuing of an Infringement 3. Machinery, implements or other equipment; Regionally prohibited weeds are not widely distributed in a Notice with associated fines. • State prohibited weeds without first taking precautions to ensure the vehicle and CMA region but are capable of spreading further. It is equipment is free from noxious weed and any other reasonable to expect that they can be eradicated from a CMA The Minister may declare an area of land to be a priority area • Regionally prohibited weeds part of a noxious weed that is capable of growing. region and they must be managed with that goal. Land for the control or eradication of any Regionally prohibited or • Regionally controlled weeds owners, including public authorities responsible for Crown land Regionally controlled weed. The declaration will be published • Purchase, sale, offering for sale or purchase, and management, must take all reasonable steps to eradicate in the Government Gazette, a newspaper circulated in the possession for the purpose of sale, of a noxious weed or • Restricted weeds Regionally prohibited weeds on their land. See those weeds area specified in the notice and may be sent to each their propagules. marked with a “P” in the following table. landowner. A landowner within the specified area who fails to The regions referred to in the CaLP Act are the ten catchment comply with the requirements outlined, can face court • Removal or sale of soil, sand, gravel or stone which comes regions in Victoria (see Figure 1). Each region recommends to proceedings with fines up to $2,200 or an Infringement from land on which a noxious weed grows, or contains or is the Minister for Environment and Climate Change, through a Regionally controlled weeds Notice. likely to contain any part of a noxious weed. Catchment Management Authority (CMA), which plants should be declared noxious weeds, and the categories in which they These invasive plants are usually widespread and are On expiry of a Notice, the landowner must notify DPI within • Removal or sale of fodder or grain containing noxious weed should be placed. considered important in a particular CMA region. To prevent seven days in writing of the measures taken to comply, or if no propagules. Sale, hire, or offering for hire of a substance or their spread, continued control measures are required. Land measures were taken, the reason as to why. A landowner who machine for use in primary production that contains noxious Plants which have also been proclaimed noxious under the owners have a responsibility to take all reasonable steps to fails to notify DPI can face legal proceedings and a fine of up weed propagules. Fisheries Act 1995 are known as ‘noxious aquatic species’. prevent the growth and spread of Regionally controlled weeds to $1,100. on their land. See those weeds marked with a “C” in the • Sale of an animal carrying seeds of a noxious weed, except following table. Under the CaLP Act, DPI can also restrict the movement of directly to an approved meat processing facility. grain, fodder, equipment or animals that are likely to spread noxious weeds. • Transport of a noxious weed or its propagules within Restricted weeds Victoria. There are no legal requirements to eradicate or control • Restricted weeds pose an unacceptable risk of spreading Restricted weeds growing on land, however Restricted weeds Purchase, sale, offering for sale or purchase, and throughout Victoria should they be sold or traded within the can not be traded, transported or spread in Victoria. possession for the purpose of sale, of a noxious weed or State. They are also considered a serious threat to other their propagules. States or Territories of Australia if sold in Victoria. Trade in • these weeds and their propagules, either as plants, seeds or Strategic approach Deposition on land of a noxious weed or its seeds. contaminants in other materials is prohibited. See those • Displaying a noxious weed or any part that is capable of weeds marked with an “R” in the following table. The Victorian government has adopted a strategic approach in the management of the risks posed by declared noxious growing. weeds. Priority for investment of public funds is focused on: Fisheries Act – • Planting or propagating of a noxious weed, seeds or its • Prevention of entry into Victoria as the most cost effective propagules within Victoria. noxious aquatic species intervention. • A person to wilfully bring into Victoria a noxious weed or its propagules or causing it to be brought in. These plants pose a serious threat to a fishery, the aquatic • Eradicating State prohibited weeds and weeds of regional environment or human health. It is an offence to bring into significance, as determined by the CMAs. Victoria or possess, sell, transport or release them. Offenders can be required to remove the noxious weed from Figure 1: Victoria’s catchment management regions • Supporting community led action that is based on a any infested goods, or destroy the noxious weed at the cost of strategic and integrated approach to managing noxious the offender. Infested goods can be impounded. Noxious weeds resulting in wider public benefit. weeds possessed illegally or being offered for sale can be seized. Permits that allow a specifically prohibited activity may be granted if special circumstances apply. Catchment and Land Protection Act

Complying with the Catchment and Sections 70, 70A and 71

Land Protection Act Sections 70, 70A and 71 of the CaLP Act apply to all declared noxious weed, irrespective of category or region. These Provisions of the CaLP Act are enforced by the Department of sections prohibit: Primary Industries (DPI). Priority for enforcement is given to the species and locations determined to be of greatest • Movement from land onto road or from road onto land of:  importance by the CMA in each region. 1. Vehicles and trailers used for carrying, moving or Property owners who do not eradicate Regionally prohibited transporting hay, grain, stone, gravel, soil, plant weeds or prevent the growth and spread of Regionally material, fodder or livestock; controlled weeds for which they are responsible, may be 2. Vehicles used for carrying, moving or transporting issued with a Land Management Notice or Directions Notice machinery or equipment for road and utility building that requires specific control work to be undertaken. Failure to or maintenance, primary production, or earthworks; comply with the conditions of a notice may result in litigation and fines of over $25,000 or the issuing of an Infringement 3. Machinery, implements or other equipment; Notice with associated fines. without first taking precautions to ensure the vehicle and equipment is free from noxious weed seeds and any other The Minister may declare an area of land to be a priority area part of a noxious weed that is capable of growing. for the control or eradication of any Regionally prohibited or Regionally controlled weed. The declaration will be published • Purchase, sale, offering for sale or purchase, and in the Government Gazette, a newspaper circulated in the possession for the purpose of sale, of a noxious weed or area specified in the notice and may be sent to each their propagules. landowner. A landowner within the specified area who fails to comply with the requirements outlined, can face court • Removal or sale of soil, sand, gravel or stone which comes proceedings with fines up to $2,200 or an Infringement from land on which a noxious weed grows, or contains or is Notice. likely to contain any part of a noxious weed.

On expiry of a Notice, the landowner must notify DPI within • Removal or sale of fodder or grain containing noxious weed seven days in writing of the measures taken to comply, or if no propagules. Sale, hire, or offering for hire of a substance or measures were taken, the reason as to why. A landowner who machine for use in primary production that contains noxious fails to notify DPI can face legal proceedings and a fine of up weed propagules. to $1,100. • Sale of an animal carrying seeds of a noxious weed, except Under the CaLP Act, DPI can also restrict the movement of directly to an approved meat processing facility. grain, fodder, equipment or animals that are likely to spread noxious weeds. • Transport of a noxious weed or its propagules within Victoria. There are no legal requirements to eradicate or control • Restricted weeds growing on land, however Restricted weeds Purchase, sale, offering for sale or purchase, and can not be traded, transported or spread in Victoria. possession for the purpose of sale, of a noxious weed or their propagules. Strategic approach • Deposition on land of a noxious weed or its seeds. • The Victorian government has adopted a strategic approach in Displaying a noxious weed or any part that is capable of the management of the risks posed by declared noxious growing. weeds. Priority for investment of public funds is focused on: • Planting or propagating of a noxious weed, seeds or its • Prevention of entry into Victoria as the most cost effective propagules within Victoria. intervention. • A person to wilfully bring into Victoria a noxious weed or its • Eradicating State prohibited weeds and weeds of regional propagules or causing it to be brought in. significance, as determined by the CMAs. Offenders can be required to remove the noxious weed from • Supporting community led action that is based on a any infested goods, or destroy the noxious weed at the cost of strategic and integrated approach to managing noxious the offender. Infested goods can be impounded. Noxious weeds resulting in wider public benefit. weeds possessed illegally or being offered for sale can be seized. Permits that allow a specifically prohibited activity may be granted if special circumstances apply. Declared noxious weeds - listed by common name

Common name Botanical name Mallee North Wimmera Glenelg- Coran- Port Goulburn North West East Central Hopkins gamite Phillip Broken East Gippsland Gippsland

African boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum C C C C C C C C C C

African daisy Senecio pterophorus R P P C P C P P P R

African feather-grass Pennisetum macrourum P P P C P P P P P P

African love-grass Eragrostis curvula R C R R C C C C C C alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides S S S S S S S S S S amsinckia Amsinckia spp. R C R P P C C C P C angled onion Allium triquetrum R R R R R R R R R R apple of Sodom Solanum linnaeanum R R R R R C R P C C artichoke thistle Cynara cardunculus C C R R C C P P P R athel pine/tamarix Tamarix aphylla R R R R R R R R R R aquarium caulerpa Caulerpa taxifolia F F F F F F F F F F

Bathurst burr Xanthium spinosum R C C C C C C C C C bear-skin fescue Festuca gautieri S S S S S S S S S S bindweed Convolvulus arvensis R R C R R C R C C P

blackberry Rubus fruticosus agg. R C C C C C C C C C black knapweed Centaurea nigra S S S S S S S S S S boneseed/bitou bush Chrysanthernoides monilifera C P C C C C C P C P branched broomrape *1 Orobanche ramosa *1 S S S S S S S S S S bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides R R R R R R R R R R buffalo burr Solanum rostratum R R P R R P C P R R cabomba Cabomba caroliniana R R R R R R R R R R

Californian/perennial thistle Cirsium arvense R P C C C C C P C C caltrop Tribulus terrestris R C C C C P C C P R camel thorn maurorum S S S S S S S S S S

Cape broom/Montpellier broom Genista monspessulana R R C R C C C C C C

Cape tulip (one leaf) Moraea flaccida P C C C C C P C C C

Cape tulip (two leaf) Moraea miniata P C P C P C P C P P

Chilean cestrum Cestrum parqui R R C R R P C C P P

Chilean needle-grass Nassella neesiana R R R R R R R R R R devil’s claw (purple flower) Proboscidea louisianica R R R C R P C C R R devil’s claw (yellow flower) Proboscidea lutea R R R C R P C C R R dodder Cuscuta spp. R R P R R C C C P R

English broom Cytisus scoparius R R P R C C C C C P fennel Foeniculum vulgare R R R R C R R R R R flax-leaved broom Genista linifolia R R C R C C R P C P giant knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis S S S S S S S S S S thorn erioloba (gazetted as S S S S S S S S S S Acacia erioloba) golden thistle Scolymus hispanicus R C R P C C C P R R gorse/furze Ulex europaeus R C C C C C C C C P great mullein Verbascum thapsus R R R R R R C C R C hardheads/Russian knapweed Rhaponticum repens C C C P P P C P R R hawkweed Hieracium spp. S S S S S S S S S S hawthorn Crataegus monogyna R R C R R C C C C C hemlock Conium maculatum R R R R C C C C C R hoary cress Lepidium draba C R R R C C C P C R horehound Marrubium vulgare R C C C C C C C C C horsetail Equisetum spp. S S S S S S S S S S hymenachne Hymenachne amplexicaulis R R R R R R R R R R

Illyrian thistle Onopordum illyricum R C R R R P P P R P ivy-leafed sida Malvella leprosa S S S S S S S S S S

Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica S S S S S S S S S S

Japanese knotweed hybrid Fallopia x bohemica S S S S S S S S S S karoo thorn Vachellia karroo (gazetted as S S S S S S S S S S Acacia karroo) khaki weed Alternanthera pungens R C C R R P C P R P lagarosiphon Lagarosiphon major S S S S S S S S S S lantana Lantana camara R R R R R R R R R R lobed needle grass Nassella charruana S S S S S S S S S S marijuana Cannabis sativa S S S S S S S S S S mesquite Prosopis spp. S S S S S S S S S S Common name Botanical name Mallee North Wimmera Glenelg- Coran- Port Goulburn North West East Central Hopkins gamite Phillip Broken East Gippsland Gippsland

Mexican feather grass Nassella tenuissima S S S S S S S S S S mimosa Mimosa pigra R R R R R R R R R R nodding thistle Carduus nutans S S S S S S S S S S

Noogoora burr/Californian burr Xanthium strumarium (incl. X. C C P C P C C C P R occidentale & X.orientale) onion weed Asphodelus fistulosus R R C C R R R R R R ox-eye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare R R R R C C C R C R

Pampas lily-of-the-valley Salpichroa origanifolia R R R R R C R C R P parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeata R R R R R R R R R R parthenium weed Parthenium hysterophorus S S S S S S S S S S

Paterson’s curse Echium plantagineum R C C C C C C C C C perennial ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya S S S S S S S S S S pond apple Annona glabra R R R R R R R R R R poverty weed Iva axillaris S S S S S S S S S S

Prairie ground cherry Physalis hederifolia C C P R C C C C R R prickly acacia Vachellia nilotica (gazetted as R R R R R R R R R R Acacia nilotica subsp. indica) prickly pear (drooping) Opuntia monacantha C C C R R C R C P R prickly pear (erect) Opuntia stricta C C C R R C R C P R ragwort Senecio jacobaea R R R C C C P P C C rice grass/common cord grass Spartina anglica F F F F F F F F F F rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora R R R R R R R R R R saffron thistle Carthamus lanatus R R C R R C C C C C salvinia Salvinia molesta S S S S S S S S S S sand rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia R R R C R C R R R R

Scotch/heraldic thistle Onopordum acanthium R P R C C P C C C C serrated tussock Nassella trichotoma P P P P C C P P C P silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium C C C P C P C C R R skeleton weed Chondrilla juncea R R R C R P R R R R slender/shore thistle Carduus tenuiflorus/ R R R R R C R C C C C. pycnocephalus soldier thistle Picnomon acarna R P R R R P C C R R soursob Oxalis pes-caprae R R R R R R R R R R spear thistle Cirsium vulgare R R R R R C R C C C spiny broom Calicotome spinosa R R C R C P R P R R spiny burr grass/gentle Annie Cenchrus longispinus C C C P R P C C R R spiny emex Emex australis C R P R R P C C R R spiny rush Juncus acutus R C C C R C C C C C

St Barnaby’s thistle Centaurea solstitialis R R C P P P C C P P

St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum R C C C C C C C C C

St Peter’s wort Hypericum tetrapterum R R R R R C R C R R

star thistle Centaurea calcitrapa R R R R R P R C C C stemless thistle Onopordum acaulon R R R R R P R C R C stinkwort Dittrichia graveolens R R R R R C R C R R sweet briar Rosa rubiginosa R C C C C C C C C C tangled hypericum Hypericum triquetrifolium S S S S S S S S S S thorn apple (common) Datura stramonium R C R C R C C C C R thorn apple (long-spine) Datura ferox R C R C R C C C C R thorn apple (recurved) Datura inoxia R C R C R P C C P R topped lavender Lavandula stoechas R R R R R R R C R R tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima R R R C R C C C C C tufted honeyflower Melianthus comosus R R R R R C C R C R tutsan Hypericum androsaemum R R R R R C C C C C variegated thistle Silybum marianum R R R R R C C C C C viper’s bugloss Echium vulgare R R C C C C C C C C wakame seaweed Undaria pinnatifida F F F F F F F F F F water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes S S S S S S S S S S

wheel cactus Opuntia robusta C C C R R P R C R R wild garlic Allium vineale C C C R R R P C R R wild mignonette Reseda luteola R R R R R R R R R R wild teasel Dipsacus fullonum R R R R R C R C C R wild watsonia Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera R R R R C C R C C C willows *2 Salix spp. *2 R R R R R R R R R R Declared noxious weeds - listed by botanical name

Botanical name Common name Mallee North Wimmera Glenelg- Coran- Port Goulburn North West East Central Hopkins gamite Phillip Broken East Gippsland Gippsland

Ailanthus altissima tree of heaven R R R C R C C C C C

Alhagi maurorum camel thorn S S S S S S S S S S

Allium triquetrum angled onion R R R R R R R R R R

Allium vineale wild garlic C C C R R R P C R R

Alternanthera philoxeroides alligator weed S S S S S S S S S S

Alternanthera pungens khaki weed R C C R R P C P R P

Ambrosia psilostachya perennial ragweed S S S S S S S S S S

Amsinckia spp. amsinckia R C R P P C C C P C

Annona glabra pond apple R R R R R R R R R R

Asparagus asparagoides bridal creeper R R R R R R R R R R

Asphodelus fistulosus onion weed R R C C R R R R R R

Cabomba caroliniana cabomba R R R R R R R R R R

Calicotome spinosa spiny broom R R C R C P R P R R

Cannabis sativa marijuana S S S S S S S S S S

Carduus nutans nodding thistle S S S S S S S S S S

Carduus tenuiflorus/ slender/shore thistle R R R R R C R C C C C. pycnocephalus

Carthamus lanatus saffron thistle R R C R R C C C C C

Caulerpa taxifolia aquarium caulerpa F F F F F F F F F F

Cenchrus longispinus spiny burr grass/gentle Annie C C C P R P C C R R

Centaurea calcitrapa star thistle R R R R R P R C C C

Centaurea nigra black knapweed S S S S S S S S S S

Centaurea solstitialis St Barnaby’s thistle R R C P P P C C P P

Cestrum parqui Chilean cestrum R R C R R P C C P P

Chondrilla juncea skeleton weed R R R C R P R R R R

Chrysanthernoides monilifera boneseed/bitou bush C P C C C C C P C P

Cirsium arvense Californian/perennial thistle R P C C C C C P C C

Cirsium vulgare spear thistle R R R R R C R C C C

Conium maculatum hemlock R R R R C C C C C R

Convolvulus arvensis bindweed R R C R R C R C C P

Crataegus monogyna hawthorn R R C R R C C C C C

Cryptostegia grandiflora rubber vine R R R R R R R R R R

Cuscuta spp. dodder R R P R R C C C P R

Cynara cardunculus artichoke thistle C C R R C C P P P R

Cytisus scoparius English broom R R P R C C C C C P

Datura ferox thorn apple (long spine) R C R C R C C C C R

Datura inoxia thorn apple (recurved) R C R C R P C C P R

Datura stramonium thorn apple (common) R C R C R C C C C R

Diplotaxis tenuifolia sand rocket R R R C R C R R R R

Dipsacus fullonum wild teasel R R R R R C R C C R

Dittrichia graveolens stinkwort R R R R R C R C R R

Echium plantagineum Paterson’s curse R C C C C C C C C C

Echium vulgare viper’s bugloss R R C C C C C C C C

Eichhornia crassipes water hyacinth S S S S S S S S S S

Emex australis spiny emex C R P R R P C C R R

Equisetum spp. horsetail S S S S S S S S S S

Eragrostis curvula African love-grass R C R R C C C C C C

Fallopia japonica Japanese knotweed S S S S S S S S S S

Fallopia sachalinensis giant knotweed S S S S S S S S S S

Fallopia x bohemica Japanese knotweed hybrid S S S S S S S S S S

Festuca gautieri bear-skin fescue S S S S S S S S S S

Foeniculum vulgare fennel R R R R C R R R R R

Genista linifolia flax-leaved broom R R C R C C R P C P

Genista monspessulana Cape broom/Montpellier broom R R C R C C C C C C

Hieracium spp. hawkweed S S S S S S S S S S

Hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne R R R R R R R R R R

Hypericum androsaemum tutsan R R R R R C C C C C

Hypericum perforatum St John’s wort R C C C C C C C C C

Hypericum tetrapterum St Peter’s wort R R R R R C R C R R

Hypericum triquetrifolium tangled hypericum S S S S S S S S S S

Botanical name Common name Mallee North Wimmera Glenelg- Coran- Port Goulburn North West East Central Hopkins gamite Phillip Broken East Gippsland Gippsland

Iva axillaris poverty weed S S S S S S S S S S

Juncus acutus spiny rush R C C C R C C C C C

Lagarosiphon major lagarosiphon S S S S S S S S S S

Lantana camara lantana R R R R R R R R R R

Lavandula stoechas topped lavender R R R R R R R C R R

Lepidium draba hoary cress C R R R C C C P C R

Leucanthemum vulgare ox-eye daisy R R R R C C C R C R

Lycium ferocissimum African boxthorn C C C C C C C C C C

Malvella leprosa ivy-leafed sida S S S S S S S S S S

Marrubium vulgare horehound R C C C C C C C C C

Melianthus comosus tufted honeyflower R R R R R C C R C R

Mimosa pigra mimosa R R R R R R R R R R

Moraea flaccida Cape tulip (one leaf) P C C C C C P C C C

Moraea miniata Cape tulip (two leaf) P C P C P C P C P P

Nassella charruana lobed needle grass S S S S S S S S S S

Nassella neesiana Chilean needle-grass R R R R R R R R R R

Nassella tenuissima Mexican feather grass S S S S S S S S S S

Nassella trichotoma serrated tussock P P P P C C P P C P

Onopordum acanthium Scotch/heraldic thistle R P R C C P C C C C

Onopordum acaulon stemless thistle R R R R R P R C R C

Onopordum illyricum Illyrian thistle R C R R R P P P R P

Opuntia monacantha prickly pear (drooping) C C C R R C R C P R

Opuntia robusta wheel cactus C C C R R P R C R R

Opuntia stricta prickly pear (erect) C C C R R C R C P R

Orobanche ramosa *1 branched broomrape *1 S S S S S S S S S S

Oxalis pes-caprae soursob R R R R R R R R R R

Parkinsonia aculeata parkinsona R R R R R R R R R R

Parthenium hysterophorus parthenium weed S S S S S S S S S S

Pennisetum macrourum African feather-grass P P P C P P P P P P

Physalis hederifolia Prairie ground cherry C C P R C C C C R R

Picnomon acarna soldier thistle R P R R R P C C R R

Proboscidea louisianica devil’s claw (purple flower) R R R C R P C C R R

Proboscidea lutea devil’s claw (yellow flower) R R R C R P C C R R

Prosopis spp. mesquite S S S S S S S S S S

Reseda luteola wild mignonette R R R R R R R R R R

Rhaponticum repens hardheads/Russian knapweed C C C P P P C P R R

Rosa rubiginosa sweet briar R C C C C C C C C C

Rubus fruticosus agg. blackberry R C C C C C C C C C

Salix spp. *2 willows *2 R R R R R R R R R R

Salpichroa origanifolia Pampas lilly-of-the-valley R R R R R C R C R P

Salvinia molesta salvinia S S S S S S S S S S

Scolymus hispanicus golden thistle R C R P C C C P R R

Senecio jacobaea ragwort R R R C C C P P C C

Senecio pterophorus African daisy R P P C P C P P P R

Silybum marianum variegated thistle R R R R R C C C C C

Solanum elaeagnifolium silverleaf nightshade C C C P C P C C R R

Solanum linnaeanum apple of Sodom R R R R R C R P C C

Solanum rostratum buffalo burr R R P R R P C P R R

Spartina anglica rice grass/common cord grass F F F F F F F F F F

Tamarix aphylla athel pine/tamarix R R R R R R R R R R

Tribulus terrestris caltrop R C C C C P C C P R

Ulex europaeus gorse/furze R C C C C C C C C P

Undaria pinnatifida wakame seaweed F F F F F F F F F F

Vachellia erioloba (gazetted as Acacia giraffe thorn S S S S S S S S S S erioloba)

Vachellia karroo (gazetted as Acacia karoo thorn S S S S S S S S S S karroo)

Vachellia nilotica (gazetted as Acacia prickly acacia R R R R R R R R R R nilotica subsp. indica)

Verbascum thapsus great mullein R R R R R R C C R C

Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera wild watsonia R R R R C C R C C C

Xanthium spinosum Bathurst burr R C C C C C C C C C

Xanthium strumarium (incl. X. occi- Noogoora burr/Californian burr C C P C P C C C P R dentale & X. orientale)