FAMILY Fowler 1934 - viviparous [=Zenarchopterinae, Dermogenyinae] Notes: Zenarchopterinae Fowler 1934a:323 [ref. 1416] (subfamily) [Meisner & Collette 1999:69 [ref. 23950] gave precedence to Zenarchopterinae over Dermogenyinae] Dermogenyinae Fowler 1934a:326 [ref. 1416] (subfamily)

GENUS Dermogenys Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823 - viviparous halfbeaks [=Dermogenys Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in van Hasselt 1823:131] Notes: [ref. 5963]. Fem. Dermogenys pusillus [a] van Hasselt 1823. Type by monotypy. Spelled Dermatogenys by Peters 1865:163 [not researched]. Species apparently should be emended to pusilla. •Valid as Dermogenys Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823 -- (Parin & Astakhov 1982:280 [ref. 26258], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Kottelat 1985:271 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1987:370 [ref. 5962], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:154 [ref. 6439], Brembach 1991:152 [ref. 20227], Meisner & Collette 1998:373 [ref. 23906], Meisner & Collette 1999:70 [ref. 23950], Meisner & Louie 2000:361 [ref. 25079], Meisner 2001:215 [ref. 25599], Ataur Rahman 2003:75 [ref. 31338], Collette 2004:14 [ref. 27583], Shibukawa 2009:49 [ref. 30449], Tan & Lim 2013:735 [ref. 32888], Kottelat 2013:293 [ref. 32989], Huylebrouck et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33515]). Current status: Valid as Dermogenys Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823. Zenarchopteridae.

Species Dermogenys bispina Meisner & Collette, 1998 [=Dermogenys bispina Meisner [A. D.] & Collette [B. B.] 1998:375, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 46 (no. 2); ref. 23906] Kuamut drainage of the Kinabatangan basin, Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys bispina Meisner & Collette 1998. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sabah, Borneo, and Busuanga, Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dermogenys brachynotopterus (Bleeker, 1853) [=Hemiramphus brachynotopterus Bleeker [P.] 1853:146] Notes: [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 8); ref. 341] Hooghly River, Calcutta, . Current status: Valid as Dermogenys brachynotopterus (Bleeker 1853). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Hooghly River, India, Bangladesh. Habitat: brackish.

Species Dermogenys bruneiensis Meisner, 2001 [=Dermogenys bruneiensis Meisner [A. D.] 2001:235, Figs. 32-33] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 133 (no. 2); ref. 25599] Dolhakim River, tributaryof the Brunei River near Bandar Seri Begawan, northwestern Borneo. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys bruneiensis Meisner 2001. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Brunei, northwestern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dermogenys burmanicus Mukerji, 1935 [=Dermogenys burmanicus Mukerji [D. D.] 1935:213, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 2); ref. 13905] Myagaing village, Kyaukatan township, Hanthawaddy district, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys burmanica Mukerji 1935. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Myanmar and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dermogenys collettei Meisner, 2001 [=Dermogenys collettei Meisner [A. D.] 2001:238, Figs. 37-38] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 133 (no. 2); ref. 25599] Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo, . Current status: Valid as Dermogenys collettei Meisner 2001. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Southern Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Anambas Island, and Borneo. Habitat: freshwater. Species Dermogenys orientalis (Weber, 1894) [=Hemiramphus orientalis Weber [M.] 1894:427 (456), Dermogenys montanus Brembach [M.] 1982:54, Fig.] Notes: [Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 14569] Luves, Maros River, and La Palupa River at Tempe, , Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys orientalis (Weber 1894). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (montanus) [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 8506] Above the Bantimurung waterfalls, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Dermogenys orientalis (Weber 1894). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Dermogenys palawanensis Meisner, 2001 [=Dermogenys palawanensis Meisner [A. D.] 2001:237, Figs. 35-36] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 133 (no. 2); ref. 25599] Estrella falls near Narra, tributaryof Malatgao River, about 80-100 kilometers south of Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys palawanensis Meisner 2001. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Palawan Island, Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dermogenys pusilla Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 [=Dermogenys pusillus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in van Hasselt 1823:131, Hemiramphus fluviatilis Bleeker [P.] 1850:95] Notes: [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys pusilla Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Indonesia; ?Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (fluviatilis) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 13402] Jakarta, Tandjong Oost, Bogor, Tjampea, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Dermogenys pusilla Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Species Dermogenys robertsi Meisner, 2001 [=Dermogenys robertsi Meisner [A. D.] 2001:236, Figs. 34-35] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 133 (no. 2); ref. 25599] Wayan River at Bario San Nicolas, Busuanga Island, Palawan Province, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys robertsi Meisner 2001. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Culion and Busuanga, Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dermogenys siamensis Fowler, 1934 [=Demogenys siamensis Fowler [H. W.] 1934:144, Figs. 83-84, Dermogenys pusillus borealis Brembach [M.] 1991:166, Fig.] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Chieng Mai, northern . Current status: Valid as Dermogenys siamensis Fowler 1934. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia: Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (borealis) [Lebendgebärende Halbschnäbler; ref. 20227] Bangkok, Thailand [not Vietnam]. Current status: Synonym of Dermogenys siamensis Fowler 1934. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Dermogenys sumatrana (Bleeker, 1854) [=Hemiramphus sumatranus Bleeker [P.] 1854:526, Dermogenys pusillus borneensis Brembach [M.] 1991:167, Fig.] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5; ref. 5965] Lake Meninju [Maninjau], western Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys sumatrana (Bleeker 1854). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Western Sumatra and Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (borneensis) [Lebendgebärende Halbschnäbler; ref. 20227] Pontianak, northwestern Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Dermogenys sumatrana (Bleeker 1854). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Dermogenys vogti Brembach, 1982 [=Dermogenys vogti Brembach [M.] 1982:54] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 8506] Swift running river on the highest plain of a limestone mountain at Topobulu, southwestern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Dermogenys vogti Brembach 1982. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Topobulu, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Bleeker, 1865 - viviparous halfbeaks [=Hemirhamphodon Bleeker [P.] 1865:140] Notes: [ref. 419]. Masc. Hemirhamphus phaiosoma Bleeker 1852. Type by original designation. Correct spelling for genus of type species is Hemiramphus. •Valid as Hemirhamphodon Bleeker 1865 -- (Collette et al. 1984:337 [ref. 11422], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:154 [ref. 6439], Anderson & Collette 1991 [ref. 19112], Brembach 1991:191 [ref. 20227], Meisner & Collette 1999:70 [ref. 23950], Meisner 2001:214 [ref. 25599], Collette 2004:16 [ref. 27583], Tan & Lim 2013:735 [ref. 32888], Kottelat 2013:293 [ref. 32989], Huylebrouck et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33515]). Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon Bleeker 1865. Zenarchopteridae.

Species Hemirhamphodon byssus Tan & Lim, 2013 [=Hemirhamphodon byssus Tan [H. H.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 2013:740, Figs. 9, 10A, 11] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 61 (no. 2); ref. 32888] Matang Wildlife Centre, Sungai Rayu, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon byssus Tan & Lim 2013. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Lowland streams of Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemirhamphodon chrysopunctatus Brembach, 1978 [=Hemirhamphodon chrysopunctatus Brembach [M.] 1978:342, fig'd] Notes: [ Aqua Terra v. 12 (no. 110); ref. 8953] Vicinity of Sebabi, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon chrysopunctatus Brembach 1978. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Barito and Mentaya river systems, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Hemirhamphodon kapuasensis Collette, in Anderson & Collette, 1991 [=Hemirhamphodon kapuasensis Collette [B. B.] in Anderson & Collette 1991:169, Fig. 7] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 19112] Insiluk, 16 kilometers west-northwest of Sanggau on road to Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon kapuasensis Collette 1991. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Kapuas River basin, Kalimantan Barat, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Hemirhamphodon kecil Tan & Lim, 2013 [=Hemirhamphodon kecil Tan [H. H.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 2013:742, Figs. 12, 13] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 61 (no. 2); ref. 32888] Mahakam basin; downstream of Taman Wisata, Air Terjun at Tanah Merah, Kalimantan, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon kecil Tan & Lim 2013. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, waterways of the lower Mahakam basin. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemirhamphodon kuekenthali Steindachner, 1901 [=Hemirhamphodon kuekenthali Steindachner [F.] 1901:450, Pl. 17 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft v. 25; ref. 14769] Baram River, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon kuekenthali Steindachner 1901. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sarawak, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Hemirhamphodon phaiosoma (Bleeker, 1852) [=Hemirhamphus phaiosoma Bleeker [P.] 1852:99] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3; ref. 16831] Tjirutjup River, Blitong [Billiton] Island, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon phaiosoma (Bleeker 1852). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Biliton and Banka islands and off west coast of Kalimantan, Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus (Bleeker, 1853) [=Hemiramphus pogonognathus Bleeker [P.] 1853:193] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5; ref. 16902] Marawang, Banka, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus (Bleeker 1853). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bilitonand Banka Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Hemirhamphodon sesamum Tan & Lim, 2013 [=Hemirhamphodon sesamum Tan [H. H.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 2013:737, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 61 (no. 2); ref. 32888] Batulicin basin; stream at Simpang Alok, along road from Batulicin to Mantewe, Desa Gunung Raya, Indonesia, elevation 84 meters. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon sesamum Tan & Lim 2013. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemirhamphodon tengah Collette, in Anderson & Collette, 1991 [=Hemirhamphodon tengah Collette [B. B.] in Anderson & Collette 1991:171, Fig. 9] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 19112] Planduk, creek in Palungan, near Sungei Sampit, 75 kilometers northwest of Sampit, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Hemirhamphodon tengah Collette 1991. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Weber & de Beaufort, 1922 - viviparous halfbeaks [=Nomorhamphus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1922:141, Rhamphodermogenys (subgenus of Dermogenys) Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1922:15] Notes: [ref. 4598]. Masc. Nomorhamphus celebensis Weber & de Beaufort 1922. Type by subsequent designation. Type species designated by Jordan 1923:Index A, p. ii. [ref. 2421]. Misspelled Nomarhamphus by Jordan 1923:161 [ref. 2421]. •Valid as Nomorhamphus Weber & de Beaufort 1922 -- (Collette et al. 1984:352 [ref. 11422], Brembach 1991:172 [ref. 20227], Meisner & Collette 1998:379 [ref. 23906], Meisner & Collette 1999:70 [ref. 23950], Meisner & Louie 2000:361 [ref. 25079], Meisner 2001:214, 242 [ref. 25599], Collette 2004:17 [ref. 27583], Huylebrouck et al. 2012:477 [ref. 32159], Tan & Lim 2013:735 [ref. 32888], Kottelat 2013:294 [ref. 32989], Huylebrouck et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33515]). Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus Weber & de Beaufort 1922. Zenarchopteridae. (Rhamphodermogenys) [ref. 1473]. Fem. Dermogenys bakeri Fowler & Bean 1922. Type by original designation (also monotypic). See Meisner 2001:242 [ref. 25599] for dates of publication of Nomorhamphus and Rhamphodermogenys. •Synonym of Nomorhamphus Weber & de Beaufort 1922 -- (Meisner 2001:242 [ref. 25599], Collette 2004:17 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:294 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Nomorhamphus Weber & de Beaufort 1922. Zenarchopteridae.

Species Nomorhamphus bakeri (Fowler & Bean, 1922) [=Dermogenys (Rhamphodermogenys) bakeri Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1922:15, Fig. 3] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 62 (no. 2448); ref. 1473] Zamboanga, Mindanao, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus bakeri (Fowler & Bean 1922). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Zamboanga, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus brembachi Vogt, 1978 [=Nomorhamphus brembachi Vogt [D.] 1978:227, Fig., Nomorhamphus ravnaki australe Brembach [M.] 1991:185, Fig., Nomorhamphus ravnaki Brembach [M.] 1991:183, Fig., Nomorhamphus sanussii Brembach [M.] 1991:187, Fig.] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 31 (no. 7); ref. 8773] Longron, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus brembachi Vogt 1978. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater. (australe) [Lebendgebärende Halbschnäbler; ref. 20227] Mountain stream near Bossolo, Maros highlands, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nomorhamphus brembachi Vogt 1978. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (ravnaki) [Lebendgebärende Halbschnäbler; ref. 20227] Gebirgsbach bei Ban Timurung, Hochland von Maros, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nomorhamphus brembachi Vogt 1978. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (sanussii) [Lebendgebärende Halbschnäbler; ref. 20227] Mountain brook at Segoja, southern South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nomorhamphus brembachi Vogt 1978. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus celebensis Weber & de Beaufort, 1922 [=Nomorhamphus celebensis Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1922:141, Fig. 53] Notes: [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 4; ref. 4598] Lake Posso, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus celebensis Weber & de Beaufort 1922. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Lake Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus ebrardtii (Popta, 1912) [=Hemiramphus (Dermatogenys) ebrardtii Popta [C. M. L.] 1912:187] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 34 (nos 3-4); ref. 14861] Kabaena, Penango and Rumbia-Ebene, southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus ebrardtii (Popta 1912). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sulawesi Tenggara. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Nomorhamphus hageni (Popta, 1912) [=Hemiramphus hageni Popta [C. M. L.] 1912:190] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 34 (nos 3-4); ref. 14861] Penango and Rumbia-Ebene in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus hageni (Popta 1912). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Penango, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater. Species Nomorhamphus kolonodalensis Meisner & Louie, 2000 [=Nomorhamphus kolonodalensis Meisner [A. D.] & Louie [K. D.] 2000:363, Fig. 2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25079] Stream along road to Tiu, near bridge at home No. 53 in village of Mondowe, District of Kolonodale, city of Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus kolonodalensis Meisner & Louie 2000. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sulawesi Tengah. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus lanceolatus Huylebrouck et al., 2014 [=Nomorhamphus lanceolatus Huylebrouck [J.], Hadiaty [R. K.] & Herder [F.] 2014:201, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 62; ref. 33515] Sulawesi, Pegency of Kolaka Utara, Wawolambo River, Sampara river basin, 4°02'51.6"S, 121°42'40.8"E, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus lanceolatus Huylebrouck, Hadiaty & Herder 2014. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Walolambo River, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus liemi Vogt, 1978 [=Nomorhamphus liemi Vogt [D.] 1978:8, Fig., Nomorhamphus liemi snijdersi Vogt [D.] 1978:224, Figured] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 8865] Maros highland, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus liemi Vogt 1978. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater. (snijdersi) [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 31 (no. 7); ref. 8773] Maros highland, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nomorhamphus liemi Vogt 1978. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus manifestus Meisner, 2001 [=Nomorhamphus manifesta Meisner [A. D.] 2001:270, Figs. 64-65] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 133 (no. 2); ref. 25599] Ilokos Norte Province, Solsona, Luzon Island, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus manifestus Meisner 2001. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Ikokos Norte Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus (Brembach, 1982) [=Dermogenys megarrhamphus Brembach [M.] 1982:55, Fig.] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 8506] Lake Towoeti, central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus (Brembach 1982). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Towuti and Mahalona, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Nomorhamphus pectoralis (Fowler, 1934) [=Dermogenys pectoralis Fowler [H. W.] 1934:326, Fig. 80] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Bubbucan, Luzon Island, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus pectoralis (Fowler 1934). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus philippinus (Ladiges, 1972) [=Dermogenys philippinus Ladiges [W.] 1972:210, Pl. 10 (not 11)] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 68; ref. 737] Cebu Island, Kulaman Plateau, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus philippinus (Ladiges 1972). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Cebu and Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus pinnimaculata Meisner, 2001 [=Nomorhamphus pinnimaculata Meisner [A. D.] 2001:271, Figs. 66-67] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 133 (no. 2); ref. 25599] Creek at eastern end of Tunga, Leyte, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus pinnimaculata Meisner 2001. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Leyte, Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus rex Huylebrouck et al., 2012 [=Nomorhamphus rex Huylebrouck [J.], Hadiaty [R. K.] & Herder [F.] 2012:479, Figs. 2-5, 8] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 32159] Tributary at village Laroeha, 2°28.226'S, 121°04.125'E, Wewu River drainage, headwaters of Cerekang River drainage west of Lake Matano, South Sulawesi Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus rex Huylebrouck, Hadiaty & Herder 2012. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus rossi Meisner, 2001 [=Nomorhamphus rossi Meisner [A. D.] 2001:272, Figs. 68-69] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 133 (no. 2); ref. 25599] Intel River, pool in river bordered by waterfall (upriver) and rapids (downriver), Barrovia Barangay hot springs, Baggao Municipality, Luzon, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus rossi Meisner 2001. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Cagayan Province, Luzon Island, Philippine. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus sagittarius Huylebrouck et al., 2014 [=Nomorhamphus sagittarius Huylebrouck [J.], Hadiaty [R. K.] & Herder [F.] 2014:204, Figs. 8-10] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 62; ref. 33515] Sulawesi, Regency of Kolaka Utara, District Kolaka, Village Ulanggolaka, Mangolo River, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus sagittarius Huylebrouck, Hadiaty & Herder 2014. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Mangola River basin, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater. Species Nomorhamphus towoetii Ladiges, 1972 [=Nomorhamphus towoetii Ladiges [W.] 1972:207, Pl. 11 (not 10)] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 68; ref. 737] Towoeti [Towuti] Lake, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus towoetii Ladiges 1972. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Lakes Towuti and Poso, Sulawesi Selatan and Tengah. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus viviparus (Peters, 1865) [=Hemirhamphus viviparus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1865:132, Dermogenys viviparus var. mindanensis Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1944:86 [48]] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1865; ref. 13952] Basey [Bassey] River, Samar Island, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus viviparus (Peters 1865). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Luzon, Samar, Mindanao, and Jolo, Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater. (mindanensis) [Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 11023] Outlet of Lake Mainit, Jabonga, Agusan Province, Mindanao, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Nomorhamphus vivipara (Peters 1865). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nomorhamphus weberi (Boulenger, 1897) [=Hemirhamphus weberi Boulenger [G. A.] 1897:429, Pl. 28 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897 (pt 2); ref. 539] Lake Matanna [Matano], southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nomorhamphus weberi (Boulenger 1897). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Matano and Mahalona, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Tondanichthys Collette, 1995 - viviparous halfbeaks [=Tondanichthys Collette [B. B.] 1995:172] Notes: [ref. 21880]. Masc. Tondanichthys kottelati Collette 1995. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Tondanichthys Collette 1995 -- (Meisner & Collette 1999:70 [ref. 23950], Meisner 2001:276 [ref. 25599], Collette 2004:19 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:295 [ref. 32989], Huylebrouck et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33515]). Current status: Valid as Tondanichthys Collette 1995. Zenarchopteridae.

Species Tondanichthys kottelati Collette, 1995 [=Tondanichthys kottelati Collette [B. B.] 1995:172, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 21880] Lake Tondano, about 1°10'N, 124°53'E, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Tondanichthys kottelati Collette 1995. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Lake Tondano, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Zenarchopterus Gill, 1864 - viviparous halfbeaks, garfishes [=Zenarchopterus Gill [T. N.] 1864:273, Grecarchopterus Mohsen [T.] 1962:119, Labidorhamphus Fowler [H. W.] 1905:493] Notes: [ref. 1693]. Masc. Hemiramphus dispar Valenciennes 1847. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Zenarchopterus Gill 1864 -- (Collette 1982 [ref. 5497], Parin & Astakhov 1982:289 [ref. 26258], Collette et al. 1984:337 [ref. 11422], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Kottelat 1985:272 [ref. 11441], Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197], Collette & Su 1986:290 [ref. 5998], Paxton et al. 1989:339 [ref. 12442], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Ataur Rahman 1989:59 [ref. 24860], Allen 1991:69 [ref. 21090], Meisner & Collette 1999:70 [ref. 23950], Kottelat & Lim 2000:1097 [ref. 25899], Meisner 2001:214 [ref. 25599], Ataur Rahman 2003:74 [ref. 31338], Collette 2004:19 [ref. 27583], Paxton et al. 2006:738 [ref. 28994], Shibukawa 2009:49 [ref. 30449], Kottelat 2013:295 [ref. 32989], Huylebrouck et al. 2014:200 [ref. 33515]). Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus Gill 1864. Zenarchopteridae. (Grecarchopterus) [ref. 3035]. Masc. Hemiramphus (Zenarchopterus) novaeguineae Weber 1913. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Zenarchopterus Gill 1864 -- (Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197] but as Grecarhopterus, Collette 2004:19 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:295 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus Gill 1864. Zenarchopteridae. (Labidorhamphus) [ref. 1370]. Masc. Hemirhamphus amblyurus Bleeker 1849. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Correct spelling for genus of type species is Hemiramphus. •Synonym of Zenarchopterus Gill 1864 -- (Collette 1986:163 [ref. 6197], Collette 2004:19 [ref. 27583], Kottelat 2013:295 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus Gill 1864. Zenarchopteridae.

Species Zenarchopterus alleni Collette, 1982 [=Zenarchopterus alleni Collette [B. B.] 1982:268] Notes: [Copeia 1982 (no. 2); ref. 5497] Mamberamo River, Batavia bivak, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus alleni Collette 1982. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Mamberamo River, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zenarchopterus buffonis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) [=Hemiramphus buffonis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:48, Hemirhamphus cirrhatus Day [F.] 1874:709] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Pulao-Pinang, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus buffonis (Valenciennes 1847). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern . Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (cirrhatus) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873 (pt 3) (art. 6); ref. 18825] Mumbai, India. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus buffonis (Valenciennes 1847). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Zenarchopterus caudovittatus (Weber, 1907) [=Hemiramphus (Zenarchopterus) caudovittatus Weber [M.] 1907:229, Pl. 13 (figs. 1a-b).] Notes: [Süsswasserfische von Neu-Guinea v. 5 (Zool.) pt 2; ref. 4599] Merauke River mouth, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus caudovittatus (Weber 1907). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Central-southern New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) and Northern Territory, Australia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zenarchopterus clarus Mohr, 1926 [=Zenarchopterus clarus Mohr [E.] 1926:241] Notes: [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 52; ref. 15597] Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus clarus Mohr 1926. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Thailand and Borneo. Habitat: marine.

Species Zenarchopterus cotnog (Smith, 1902) [=Hemirhamphus cotnog Smith [H. M.] 1902:170] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 21 [1901]; ref. 10225] Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus cotnog (Smith 1902). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1947) [=Hemiramphus dispar Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:58, Pl. 558 [not 524], Zenarchopterus beccarii Vinciguerra [D.] 1926:601 [70], Zenarchopterus maculosus Garman [S.] 1903:239, Pl. 5 (fig. 4), Zenarchopterus vaisiganus Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:208, Fig. 11] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Labouane River, Java, Indonesia; ; ?Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes 1847). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to and , north to Philippines, south to northern Australia and . Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (beccarii) [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3). v. 10 (no. 50); ref. 15609] Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes 1847). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (maculosus) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 39 (no. 8); ref. 15030] Suva, Fiji Islands. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes 1847). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (vaisiganus) [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Vaisigano River at Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes 1847). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Zenarchopterus dunckeri Mohr, 1926 [=Zenarchopterus dunckeri Mohr [E.] 1926:255] Notes: [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 52; ref. 15597] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus dunckeri Mohr 1926. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Andaman Islands east to Philippines and , north to Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Zenarchopterus dux Seale, 1910 [=Zenarchopterus dux Seale [A.] 1910:267, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [The Philippine Journal of Science, Section D v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 14808] Sandakan, Sabah state, Borneo Island, East Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus dux Seale 1910. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Probably marine; Borneo. Habitat: marine.

Species Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton, 1822) [=Esox ectuntio Hamilton [F.] 1822:212, 380, Hemirhamphus amblyurus Bleeker [P.] 1849:11, Hemirhamphus bleekeri Kner [R.] 1860:537, 539-541 [9, et], Pl. (figs. 4, 4a-b), Hemiramphus borneensis Bleeker [P.] 1851:273, Zenarchopterus hendersoni Fowler [H. W.] 1919:8, Fig. 2, Hemirhamphus neglectus Day [F.] 1870:526] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Smaller rivers and ponds of Gangetic provinces. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: India and Bangladesh to Thailand, Java, and Borneo. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (amblyurus) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [8]; ref. 320] Madura Straits near Surabaya and Kammal, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (bleekeri) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 2633] Locality unknown (Indonesia). Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (borneensis) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 325] Bandjarmasin, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (hendersoni) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 71; ref. 1397] Japan (possibly Thailand). Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (neglectus) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 3); ref. 18819] Calcutta bazar, India; Myanmar. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton 1822). Hemiramphidae.

Species Zenarchopterus gilli Smith, 1945 [=Zenarchopterus gilli Smith [H. M.] 1945:432, Hemirhamphus brevirostris Günther [A.] (ex Kner) 1866:274, Zenarchopterus kneri Fowler [H. W.] 1934:325, Fig. 78] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] East Indies. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus gilli Smith 1945. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Caroline Islands and Fiji, Philippines south to Australia. Habitat: marine. (brevirostris) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] East Indies. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus gilli Smith 1945. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: marine. (kneri) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] East Indies. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus gilli Smith 1945. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Zenarchopterus kampeni (Weber, 1913) [=Hemiramphus (Zenarchopterus) kampeni Weber [M.] 1913:554, Zenarchopterus basudensis Fowler [H. W.] 1934:326, Fig. 79, Zenarchopterus sepikensis Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1935:391] Notes: [Süsswasserfische aus Niederländisch Süd- und Nord-Neu-Guinea v. 9 (livr. 4); ref. 4603] Kaiserin Augusta River [=Sepik River], northern New Guinea. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus kampeni (Weber 1913). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Papua New Guinea, Luzon (Philippine Islands) and Caroline Islands; western Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (basudensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Basud River, Camarines Norte Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus kampeni (Weber 1913). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (sepikensis) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 18 (no. 12); ref. 2109] Sepik River at Koragu, New Guinea. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus kampeni (Weber 1913). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zenarchopterus novaeguineae (Weber, 1913) [=Hemiramphus (Zenarchopterus) novaeguineae Weber [M.] 1913:553] Notes: [Süsswasserfische aus Niederländisch Süd- und Nord-Neu-Guinea v. 9 (livr. 4); ref. 4603] Lorentz River, New Guinea. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus novaeguineae (Weber 1913). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Northern Australia and central-southern New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Zenarchopterus ornithocephala Collette, 1985 [=Zenarchopterus ornithocephala Collette [B. B.] 1985:107, Fig. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 8171] Stream at Fruata, Vogelkop Peninsula, Irian Jaya, 2°59'S, 133°32'E. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus ornithocephala Collette 1985. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Vogelkop Peninsula, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zenarchopterus pappenheimi Mohr, 1926 [=Zenarchopterus pappenheimi Mohr [E.] 1926:258, Fig. 20, Zenarchopterus atrodorsalis Fowler [H. W.] 1934:323, Fig. 77] Notes: [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 52; ref. 15597] Bangkok, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus pappenheimi Mohr 1926. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Thailand and Borneo. Habitat: marine. (atrodorsalis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Sandakan, Borneo, Malaysia. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus pappenheimi Mohr 1926. Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Zenarchopterus philippinus (Peters, 1868) [=Hemirhamphus (Zenarchopterus) philippinus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1868:273, Zenarchopterus cagayensis Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1926:537, Zenarchopterus magatensis Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1934:26] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1868; ref. 3442] Boco River and Quingoa River, Luzon Island; Calbigan, Samar, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus philippinus (Peters 1868). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Philippine Islands. Habitat: freshwater. (cagayensis) [Philippine Journal of Science v. 31 (no. 4); ref. 2122] Pinacanauan River, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Luzon Island, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus philippinus (Peters 1868). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater. (magatensis) [Notes on fishes in the Zoological Museum of Stanford University. 1. The fishes of the Herre Philippine expedition of 1931.; ref. 2108] Branches of Magat River and its tributary creeks at Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus philippinus (Peters 1868). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zenarchopterus quadrimaculatus Mohr, 1926 [=Zenarchopterus quadrimaculatus Mohr [E.] 1926:257, Figs. 18-19] Notes: [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 52; ref. 15597] Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus quadrimaculatus Mohr 1926. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Malay Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zenarchopterus rasori (Popta, 1912) [=Hemiramphus rasori Popta [C. M. L.] 1912:192] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 34 (nos 3-4); ref. 14861] Raha, Muna Island, Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus rasori (Popta 1912). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Zenarchopterus robertsi Collette, 1982 [=Zenarchopterus robertsi Collette [B. B.] 1982:266, Fig. 2] Notes: [Copeia 1982 (no. 2); ref. 5497] Ovi Creek, tributary to Kumusi River, Papua New Guinea, elevation 280-320 meters. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus robertsi Collette 1982. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Kumusi River draining into Solomon Sea, Papua New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Zenarchopterus striga (Blyth, 1858) [=Hemirhamphus striga Blyth [E.] 1858:288, Zenarchopterus beauforti Mohr [E.] 1926:259, Fig. 21] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Calcutta fish market, India. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus striga (Blyth 1858). Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Goa and Calcutta, India and Malay Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (beauforti) [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 52; ref. 15597] Muar River, Selangor, Malaysia. Current status: Synonym of Zenarchopterus striga (Blyth 1858). Zenarchopteridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Zenarchopterus xiphophorus Mohr, 1934 [=Zenarchopterus xiphophorus Mohr [E.] 1934:11, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) v. 17 (nos 1-2); ref. 16438] Belawan-Deli at mouth of Deli River, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Zenarchopterus xiphophorus Mohr 1934. Zenarchopteridae. Distribution: Mouth of Deli River, Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater, brackish