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Page 3 I GENERAL
4 11 SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER)
4 Ill MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER)
4 IV MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) > 4 V PRE. OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVC'' (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 A. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 5 B. University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering
7 VI APPENDICES 10 A. NUS Corporation Meteorological Report 24 8. Florida Department of Natural Resources Thermal Addition Reports 30 C. University of South r;orida Thermal Discharge Plume Report. Data Report 003 42 D. University of Florida Radic|ogical Report 64 E. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Radiological Survey Report 68 F. Pinellas County Health Department Radiation Surveillance Report 72 G. University of South Florida Environmentalinvestigation at the Anclote River Plant Site
78 VII DISTRIBUTION LIST |
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%;irie:0ludVuhunnwe ,. Corpor&l0n
QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
REPORT _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ . _ . . _
3
the orientation of our environmental research IGENERAL and the responsibilities inherent in meeting our The publication of this quarterly issue of Crystal River environmental commitments. Func- Environmental Status Report records the devel. tioning as a sounding board, the review sessions opment of Florida Power Corporation's environ. have been vital in directing a meaningful ap- mental activities since January 1,1971. This proach to environmental problem solving. Newly report emphasizes those programs investigating announced at this meetiag was the involvement the environs of the Crystal River Nuclear Plant of Ralston Purina in a study of potential mari- now under construction. However, a progress culture development. The increased interest and report of the environmental efforts at the pro. participation in the conference precipitated an posed Anclote fossil fired generating site is in- invitation from Florida Power Corporation to the cluded in Appendix G. The locations of the Crys- researchers for convening future conferences at , tal River and Anclote sites are shown in Figure 1 their facilities. This would vary the surroundings (page 5). and give the researchers an opportunity to ex- Coordination meetings and liaison through. pand the concepts of their programs. Mr. Robert out the quarter were~ maintained with the indi. Ingle, Director, Bureau of Marine Research & vidual programs. Included for the first time in Technology, Department of Natural Resources, this issue are radiological baseline data provided has graciously offered the use of his biological by the Pinellas County Health Department as a laboratory facilities in St. Petersburg, Florida, control reference for the Crystal River Nuclear for the next meeting. Unit 3 (See Appendix VI F). A chlorination study, During this quarter, the Final Safety Analysis " Effects of Power Plant Chlorination on the Ma. Report (FSAR) for the Crystal River Nuclear Unit rine Microbiota" has been it.itiated as prelimi- 3 was submitted to the U.S. Atomic Energy Com- nary preparation for the use of chlorine in the mission. In addition to the FSAR, an Environmen- circulating cooling water system of the existing tal Report for Crystal River Unit 3 was sub- Crystal River Units 1 and 2. This important study mitted to the AEC in support of the requirement addresses itself to the considerations of the es. for environmental impact analysis of the project. sentia!!y tropical estuarine environment at Crys- Under 10 CFR Part 50, Florida Power Corpora- tal River and the biological mechanisms within tion has responsibilities for offsite emergencies. this climatic region. The results of this study A proposal, " Memorandum of Agreement Re- should contribute significantly to an understand. garding Emergency Radiological Assistance for Ing of the Crystal River estuarine systems. The the Crystal River Site of the Florida Power Cor- information gained should be readily applicable poration," has been initiated by the Florida to the functional design of the nuclear Unit 3. Division of Health and will be integral in satisfy- Florida Power has also initiated a computer- ing these responsibilities. program which will record, store and permit Licensing activities have been considerable accessible withdrawal of data from the research during this period. Permit applications to con- programs having a major impact on power plant struct an access slip inland of the existent intake design, construction and operation. channel will be submitted to regulatory agencies The Second Semi-annual Review of Environ- in Apri! of this year. This slip will facilitate barge mental Research Programs at Crystal River was delivery of the nuclear reactorvessel. To promote held at the Crystal River plant on March 22, environmental integrity during the construction 1971. Attendance wa; appreciably greater than of this project, Finrida Power Corporation has our first encounter, as representatives of essen- developed and will inaugurate a Water Quality tially all State and Federal regulatory agencies Program consisting of water quality control, as- joined our researchers and executives of Florida surance and surveillance. The program will be Power Corporation. The presentations and dis. aimed at minimizing turbidity and siltation due cussions at the informal gathering centered on to subaqueous excavation.
__ . - 4
On April 21 and 22,1971. Florida Power species common to affected and non affected Corporation will be privileged to host the areas supported the conclusion that seasonal " Southern Conference on Environmental Radia- abundance was increased in affected areas dur- tion Protection from Nuclear Power Plants" at ing fall, pring, and summer. This data also St. Petersburg Beach, Florida. The conference showed that these fishes remained in shallow will be jointly sponsored by the Region IV Radia- areas longer with approaching winter and gave * ion Office of the U.S. Environmental Protection no indication that heated discharge had elimin- Agency and the Florida Department of Health ated native species nor resulted in any change and Rehabilitative Services. Representatives of in relative abundance of species present." industry and governmental regulatory agencies are expected to attend. Copies of the report may be obtained from Florida Power Corporation upon request. increased emphasis has been placed on the analyses of bottom samples in an effort to estab- (CRYSTAL RIVER) I SITE METEOROLOGYlish the occurrence PROGRAM of the major invertebrate Data acquisition of site meteorological conditions animals inhabiting the area. Preliminary labora- continues to be an important aspect of our envi. tory investigations of the effect of heated water ronmental monitoring. The information received on the oyster were concluded. The quarterly pro- is pertinent to the various research programs as gress of these projects is reported in Appendix well as to the effective development of the opera. VI B. tive procedures for the nuclear plant. A first Publication of all Florida Department of quarter report is included in Appendix VI A. Natural Resources research investigations made during 1969 and 1970 will be accomplished as soon as possible after their submission to Florida I, |I(CRYSTAL MARINE RIVER) ECOLOGY PROGRAMPower Corporation by June 21,1971. ra The Florida Department of Natural Resources ! l MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM continued its nonitoring at the Crystal River y ; (CRYSTAL RIVER) Plant Site to doccment the diversity and distribu- 2 tion of the major 1.3h species with respect to the The University of South Florida, Marine Science influence of the turmal cooling water. The Institute, has continued to document the thermal following paragraphs a.m excerpted from the re- plume characteristics under winter conditions. cently published 1969 data. Emphasis h?s been placed on data collection integral to the construction of a computer model " Comparison of fish data from affected vs. non- of the plume activityin the estuary. A third prog- affected areas showed that abundance of indi- ress report has been received and is included in viduals was increased in affected areas during Appendix VI C. the spring, summer, and especially fall. In winter, numbers of individuals decreased markedly in f PRE-OPERATIONAL both affected and non affected areas, but fishes remained at shallow thermally affected areas [ . RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY for.ger with the approach of winter." (CRYSTAL RIVER) A. Fiorida Department of Health and " Species abundance was greater and most Rehabilitative Services constant in thermally affected shallow areas The Division of Health program during this quar- throughout 1969." ter involved frequent liaison with Florida Power Corporation as the program sought to establish ' " Seasonal abundance plots for selected fish (1) requirements for radiological reports of liquid
I | ' | l 1 ______- _ . ______
5
and gaseous effluents that will be associated with pected in the liquid waste effluent from the the operation of Crystal River Nuclear Unit 3; nuclear unit 3. The knowledge is important in (2) a compatible system of data input to Florida determining whether biological systems prefer- Power Corporation's computer storage program; entially concentrate radioactive elements in a : and (3) requirements for a mobile radiological particular physical or chemical state. Prelimi- ' laboratory to be used for radiological emergen. nary efforts have been made to detail this in- cies. formation, but have been unsuccessful due to | The status of the radiclogical monitoring lack of available empirical and theoretical i ' survey for this quatter is repcrted in Appendix information. , VI E. A preliminary and unverified faunal checklist B. University of Florida Department of and dietary for the Crystal River plant site has Environmental Engineering been received. The report was prepared to serve A need was expressed by the Department of us as a focal point for the accumulation of more Environmental Engineering for the physical and detailed information of the animals inhabiting chemical states of the radioactive materials ex. this region.
I l I
' ',.,*
' . h* * o - os. 4. en,s,at a.v e cua, Q ,. < " " " ^ " * e m . . .I ' # " g[ l**[a5. o . . b 3 .n . s, .,- ,g % i T ' c | sanaso,a ' , | ' ' e ( r. As Figure 1. Location of FPC Power Plant Sites on the Gulf of Mexico 6 . . ~ _ . . ,t . 7 a VI SJJelCICes .. . . 4 , . - . . .- - . - - - F- 8 . . (~, 9 13 ) . } A : i . ! 17 3 V,f $t~/,>' A c{t :vai/\ 1 J : | | | | __ 10 l' M]| jO!P] " ' METEOROLOGICAL b/f ,= ; CRYSTAL RIVER SITE NUS CORPORATION Vice President Morton I. Goldman Project Manager E. R. Smith Staff Ron Stoner | | | 1 i i 9 y _, _ , , _ - 11 1. DEFINITION AND SCOPE B. Site Meteorology Program 0F PROGRAM on site wind measurements were used to provide NUS has the responsibility of performing me- values of actual diffusion conditions at the Crys- teorological studies for the Crystal River Plant. tal River Nuclear Plant. The meteorology facility Specifically, these studies have enabled deter- at Crystal River consists of a Bendix Aerovane mination of design criteria for storm protection, wind transmitter (starting threshold cf approxi- annual average waste gas value limits and esti- mately 1 m/s) mounted on top of a 150' tower mates of exposure from potential accidents. Re- which places the sensor at the same elevation sults of these studies indicate that atmospheric as the top of the containment structure. A sup- dilution at the Crystal River site is extremely plemental wind sensor was installed at the 30' favorable, and expected dosages should be well tower level during June 1970. The meteorologi- below criteria established by the Atomic Energy cal tower is located near the shoreline of the Commission. The following discussion of these Gulf of Mexico about 2,000 feet south of the results is an excerpt of the meteorology section containment. The transmitted data is recorded prepared for submittal in the Crystal River Unit on a Bendix chart recorder system and also inde- 3 Final Sefety Analysis Report. pendently reduced to 15 minute averages of wind speed, direction, and directional variance A. Regional Climatology (Design Criteria) (defined by applying the statistical definition of Design criteria were established by analysis of variance to wind direction) on an NUS Wind Vari- local climatological data available from the U.S. ance Computer. The recorders and the computer Weather Bureau, NOAA, and other pertinent re- are housed in a shelter for protection against ports and studies which have been pub!!shed. the elements. Such parameters as temperature, precipitation Site meteorological data are used as input and wind extremes were investigated, and cum- to a CDC 6600 computer code, WINDVANE, de- maries of these data are presented in Figures 1 veloped by NUS, which determines significant and 2. Studies of the frequency of occurrence meteorological statistics and distributions for of hurricanes, tornadoes, aad tropical storms further analysis including the following: were also performed. Since 1886, there have a) Total number of observations used for been 44 passages of tropical storms of which calculations. a maximum of 13 hurricanes were experienced b) Hourly stability index distribution in per- wit!d. 50 miles of the site. However, relatively cent of total observations and in percent few storms have moved inland on Florida's west of total observations of each hours. coast between Cedar Keys and Fort Myers in the c) Distribution fnr each stability index in past 80 years. Most tropical storms have a ten- percent of total observations. dency to curve north and northeasterly off the d) Average wind speed for each stability Florida east coast, move northward parallel to index, the west coast, or move on a northwesterly course e) Distribution of stability indexes for each across the Gulf. The highest frequency of trop- of 16 wind directions, ical storms in the site area occurs in October f) Distribution of wind directions (16) for with September the month of second highest each stability index. frequency. g) Dilution factors X/Q (sec/m8) as a func- in the years 1953 through 1969, there have tion of release height, wind direction, and been 15 tornadoes reported in the one degree downwind distance weighted by stability square in which the site is located, yielding a class and wind rose frequencies. mean frequency of 0.9 tornadoes per year within h) Wind persistence frequency calculations this area. for various ranges of wind direction, and 1 Extracted from the progress report January 1,1971 a listing of persistence episodes greater to March 31,1971. than 5 hours. - .. - - 12 The term " stability" requires some clarification. A low degree of wind turbulence and conse- " Stability" characterizes the capability of the quently relatively unfavorable diffusion condi- * atmosphere to return to equilibrium or its origi- tions can be expected for stable condition. Con- nal stage after being disturbed. A stable atmos. versely, during periods of instability, a high phere is quiescent and an unstable one is quite degree of wind turbulence associated with favor- variable. The vertical rates of change of tempera- able dilution conditions can be expected. ture (lapse rates) are frequently used to define stability by those interested in air parcels sub- II. DISCUSSION OF PROGRAM RESULTS iected to buoyancy forces. However, in consider- ing possible releases from the Crystal River Nu. A. Site Meteorology clear Plant buoyancy is not an important factor As indicated earlier, the significant meteorologi- because of the near ambient temperature of the cal measurements for determining the diffusion releases. For this reason and because of its well. conditions at Crystal River are wind direction, ventilated coastal location, it is more conclusive wind speed, and stability (i.e., wind turbulence). to examine the random disturbances in the mean The land surface in the area around the site is wind direction. It is actually wind turbulence that extremely flat and featureless. The only topo- progressively spreads the plume (both vertically graphical feature of the area is the proximity of and horizontally) as it is transported from its the Gulf of Mexico which can cause local wind source, resulting in an oblate conical configu. circulations. Prevailing winds are northeasterly ration. as a result of the large scale ciretJation of the Stability in this report is classified into cate. lower atmosphere in this region, although a west- gories proposed by Pasquillm and Tumer by a erly flow occurs quite frequently during the sum- system based on wind direction ranee (or wind mer months due to the influence of the Bermuda variance) formulated by Slade.m The stability High (seasonal and annual wind roses are pre- classes proposed by Pasquillm range from "A", sented in Figure 3). However, local land sea cir- the most unstable, to "F", a moderately stable culations frequently develop. condition. The wind direction variance (or stand. Winds flowing onshore develop when land ard deviation squared) which is determined by temperatures are warmer than water surface theWind Variance Computer on a real time basis, temperatures. Air is heated from below by the can be used to classify data in the various cate. land, rises, and is replaced by air over the Gulf gories. It is also possible to infer the standard flowing toward the land which usually occurs deviation by dividing the range of wind directions during the spring and summer. A reversal occurs by a constant, usually 6.0 for 15 minute periods. dunng the autumn and winter; air ascends over Table I describes the various stability classes. the warmer Gulf surface and is replaced by air An additional classification category "G" has flowing from the land. Onshore winds are winds been added to facilitate a more complete classi- that blow from the Gulf towards the land and are fication system. defined at the Crystal River location as from north northwest counterclockwise through south- ES east. Offshore winds blow from the land toward # STAB the Gulf from north through east-southeast. The Stabliity Type StandaYDation Turbuknee Type offshore ocean breeze wind can occur nocturn- A = ExtremeyUnstable a g2 22.5c ally during the summer but is usually quite weak. High Atmospherie Onshore ocean breezes may occasionally pene- 8 = Unstable 22.5 > *a 417.5 "*"""C' C = slightly Unstable 17.5 > ##2 7.5 h,%t*u6 e ce ! E = Slighttystabh 7.5 > i ! < _ , _ , __ | 1 l l l i 13 I | ! \ \ | lated areas and only these winds are considered periods greater than 8 hours and only a 1% in accident and dosage analyses. chance of periods greater than 13 hours. Wind measurements are also used as direct The maximum 22% * sector persistence epi- input for the diffusion equations. Atmospheric sode recorded during the period of Crystal River dilution is inversely proportional to the average site data was an 18 hour northeasterly wind | wind speed. The average wind speed of 11 mph which is an offshore flow. Wind turbulence was at the 150' level is conducive to good dilution moderate during the period (neutral stability) conditions and calm episodes are quite infre- and was associated with a high average wind , quent (less than 1% of the time). speed of 19.5 mph. Maximum persistent epi- ! Atmospheric stability is important in describ- sodes associated with onshore winds were for ing the diffusion capacity of the atmosphere. 14 hours which occurred twice and were asso- | Atmospheric stability, as used in this report, ciated with slightly stable conditions and wind refers to the degree of wind turbulence rather speeds of 12.2 mph and 9.6 mph, respectively. than the vertical thermal structure of the atmos- In general, persistence periods at Crystal River phere. Stable conditions are associated with low are associated with quite high winds and rela- turbulence and poor atmospheric diffusion ca- tively low or moderate turbulence. No persistence pacity. Unstable conditions are associated with greater than 3 hours associated with calm condi- high turbulence and favorable diffusion char- tions has been observed for the period of record. acteristics. In general there is little seasonal variation B. Determination of Average Atmospheric in the distribution of stability at Crystal River; Dilution however, it is evident that onshore and offshore Wind data is used as input to calculate average winds differ significantly as seen in Table ll. annual dilution factors which provide a basis for determining releases which will be in confor- TABLE 11 mance to Atomic Energy Commission 10 CFR 20 Atmospheric stabiHty (%) dose Criteria. Dilution factors (X/Q) can be con- (based on 150' level wind data) sidered as relative concentrations, i.e., concen- Unstab:e (A-C) Neutral (D) Stable (E-G) trations relative to the source strength. The AH winds 12.3 28.0 59.7 Pasquill Gifford diffusion equation for a ground- onshore winds 7.2 22.4 70.4 level release was used. Sector-average X/Q val- Offshore winds 17.4 34.4 48.2 ues were calculated by the NUS WINDVAN E com- puter code as a function of distance for each The greater frequency of stable conditions asso- direction. Sector average values assume that the ciated with onshore winds is due to the flow over released gases are distributed uniformly in the the smooth surface of the Gulf. Although it is horizontal within the 22%* sector and are ob. conservative to base diffusion calculations on tained by integrating the values in the horizontal these measured conditions, the flow over land and averaging over the sector width. terrain will rapidly increase the amount of turbu- lence and relative diffusion. Wind persistence is extremely important ( S % n when considering possib'c dosagas from a con- 8 3 Fi fi ir_ tammant release. Wind persistence is the con. xfg=|[2_j ,=7 ,z tinuous flow from a given direction or range of directions. Figure 4 shows the probability of occurrence, based on site data, of wind flow per. where: sisting in a 22%* direction sector for a titae period greater than "t". There is only approxi. X = concentration, units per cubic meter mately a 5% chance of continuous persistence Q = source strength, units per second . - _ _ . _ _ _ - . ______14 U = mean wind speed, meters per second ever, due to the coastal site location of Crystal #z = vertical dispersion parameter, meters River, only onshore winds, north northwest coun- i = Pasquill stability categories A G terclockwise through southeast, would result in (numerically 17) possible exposure to persons at or beyond the j n = number of stability classes (seven, site boundary. Therefore only onshore winds j ' from A G) were considered in the analysis of accident con- i F, = fraction of time stability condition "i" ditions. The frequency of occurrence of each exists stability class was calculated for various wind f, = fraction of time winds occur from sector of speed ranges, and the computer printout is in- interest with condition "i" cluded in the Appendix. These meteoroto s,Oal x = distance downwind, meters conditions were ranked in order of the magnitude of their associated (X/Q) values and are pre- These tabulated dilution factor data were plotted sented in Figure 6 with their frequency of occur- in the form of isopleths (Figure 5) which reflect rence for onshore winds only. Using a fifth per- the annual distribution of wind direction, wind centile criterion to assess the 0 2 hour accident speed and atmospheric stability. The highest period, atmospheric diffusion conditions asso- value of X/Q at the site boundary is 7.70 x 10-7 ciated with stability class "F" and 2.84 m/s sec/m3 and located to the east northeast of the winds can be justified and result in a X/Q value , containment structure. The dilution factor at the of 1 x 10-4 sec/m3 at the exclusion boundary nearest off site habitation located 6400 meters distance of 1340 meters. to the east northeast of the cor,tainment is 7.50 The meteo ulogical conditions proposed for x 10-8 sec/m3. These dilution factors are more a hypothetical accident are presented in Table ill favorable than the respective values, of 1.0 x for Crystal River. These are very conservative 10-8 sec/m3 and 2.0 x 10-7 sec/m8, based on conditions, i.e., situations worse than those nor- data presented in the PSAR. mally experienced. On the basis of the site data, an annual aver- age ground level release rate for decayed noble TABLE Ill gases typical of a PWR of .26 Ci/sec would be METEOROLOGICAL MODEL-lWPOWEUCAL ACC10ENT consistent with the requirements of 10CFR Part Stability wind Speed wind 20. The corresponding rate for 1131, including Ume Period Class (meters /sec) Fi fg Conditions a cow milk re-concentration factor of 700, would 0 2 hours F 2.84 1.0 1.0 invariant be about I uCi/sec, on an annual basis. 2 24 hours F 3.0 1.0 1.0 Sect A g. 13 days E 3A 0.6 1.0 Sect kg. C. Determination of Hypothetical F 3.0 0.4 1.0 Sect. Avg. Accident Meteorology 3-30 days D 3.5 E35 0.2 Sect kg. E 4.0 0.35 0.2 Sect kg. , The on site meteorological data has been used F 4.0 0.15 0.2 Sect hg. | to re evaluate the hypcthetical accident model G 4.0 0.15 0.2 Sect kg. ! as presented in the PSAR, which was based on an analysis of Cross City Weather Bureau data. F is the fraction of the time stability category | Analysis of Crystal River Site data enables a more "i" occurs, and f is the fraction that winds occur | realistic model to be formulated. A hypothetical from the sector of interest for stability "i". To | accident is postu!ated to determine concentra. summarize, F and f are quantitative estimates | tions and dosages that might occur in the event of the frequency of occurrence of the meteoro!- | of contaminant release and a basic input is the ogy conditions assumed for the accident. Invari- | meteorological conditions which determine the ant wind conditions refer to plume centerlirie diffusion capacity of the atmosphere. concentrations and sector average conditions | The postulated accident conditiors were de- refer to concentrations averaged within a 22%* ' termined on a quantitative statistical basis. How- sector. ~ ~ ______15 Dilution factors (X/Q) were calculated using still quite conservative, dilution factor values - Equation 1 for invariant winds and Equation 2 have decreased from those estimated in the for sector averages. These equations, presented PSAR. A decrease in the dilution factor (X/Q) below and also used in the FSAR, were used to indicates an increase in the diffusion capacity of calculate dilution based on meteorological fac. the atmosphere and consequently a decrease in tors. A correction term to account for the addi. radiation dosages. tional initial diffusion resulting from the build- ing wake effect is included for invariant wind TABLE IV conditions. SITE Dl3EER$10N FACTORS (X/Q), sec/m3 Equation 1 o;st nc, meters 0 2 hrs. 2-24 hrs. 1-3 days 3-30 days 400 2.712E.04 2.351E44 1.832E 04 3.031E-05 F 19 = (F#y z+ cA) U 700 1.878E44 8.958E-05 6.881E-05 1.123E 05 1000 1.369E-04 4.907E-05 3.692E 05 6.064E-06 1340 1.000E44 3.008E-05 2.281E 05 3.795E 06 Equation 2 1609 8.048E45 2.215E-05 1.688E-05 2.832E46 2000 6.110E.05 1.539E45 1.180E-05 2.000E-06 13 4000 2.591E 05 5.291E-06 3.963E46 6.797E-07 X F, f , 7000 1.319E 05 2.419E-06 1.797E 06 3.056E 07 -= 2 8 0 # # * 8050 1.112E45 1.991E 06 1.4E8E-06 2.491E 07 | 10000 8.507E-06 1.472E 06 1.073E 06 1.815E-07 Z (#Z') 20000 3.864E46 5 838E 07 4.199E-07 7.008E 08 40000 1.746E 06 2.385E 07 1.690E-07 2.845EM 70000 9.738E 07 1.180E 07 8.347E-08 1.442E 4 x = downw.in d distance, meters 87000 7.642E-07 8.969E48 6.352E 08 1.111E.08 X = concentration, units per cubic meter 100000 6.543E 07 7.525E-08 5.322E 08 9.410E-09 Q = source strength, units per second U = mean wind speed, meters per second D. Conclusions 'y,'z= lateral and vertical dispersion Analysis of Crystal River site meteorological data parameter, meters for the period from September 1968 through c = building shape factor, dimensionless July 1970 has indicated that dilution conditions A = smallect cross sectional area of the are quite favorable at the proposed plant loca- containment structure, square meters tion. Wind measurements will continue to be i = stability categories A G taken at the site so that this data will be available (numerically 17) for further and/or otiier studies for the Crystal F, = fraction of time stability condition "i" River site. exists f, = fraction of time winds occur from sector REFERENCES of interest with condition "i" 1. Thom, H.C.S., " Tornado Probabilities", Monthly Weather Review, Volume 91, Number The diffusion is assumed to be Gaussian, i.e., 1012, pages 730 736. . horizontal and vertical distributions perpendicu- 2. Pasquill, F., " Estimates of the Dispersion I lar to the plume centerline have Gaussian prop- of Windborne Material," Meteorology Magazine, erties. (96),1961. A graph depicting dilution factors based on 3. Stade, D.H.," Dispersion Estimates from the meteorological model for a hypothetical acci- Pollutant Releases of a Few Seconds to 8 Hours dent is presented in Figure 7, with discrete data in Duration", Technical Note 2.ARL 1, ESSA, given in Table IV. 1965. Though the present meteorological model is 4. Pasquill, op. cit. . 16 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC IE I | | | | | 1 I I I =#~~~ 90 - ,e',,# MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE s - / % % C,s' %, 80 - MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE 70 - - c * ,r~"s w / $ 60 s / \ - 3 / \ t / \ / MINIMUM TEMPERATURE \ $ 50 - / _ / \ a - u - // ! %s ' \ - 30 ,/ / N- 20 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I | | | | 12 - A - _ MAXIMUM 24 HOUR PRECIPITATION /\ _ 1i \ 10 - l\ - \ C - / _ 8 - - j 7 - p I - \ $ 6 - I g - $ s - ^ / _ = ,- s ; b,,w 4 - s - y e s_ - N fA a- 3 ,- -./ \ / s% 2 MONTHLY MEAN PRECIPITATION - 1 - - 0 I ' I I I i ' I I I JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Figure 1 CRYSTAL RIVER CLIMATIC FACTORS . .. - ____ 17 ' | | | ||| PROBABILITY OF WIND SPEED .95 MORE THAN "X" EXTREME WINDS 90 - -- .30 .70 \ .60 \ .50 .40 - E .30 \ Ei \ I : .20 \ .10 ' k .05 O; , . ^ .01 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 200 X, WIND SPEED MPH Figure 2 CRYSTAL RIVER EXTREME WINDS 18 . . . ~ - . " y S[M'leov ~ * ' i.g M' avg-s*C % U.A5 60'iS ' .b' MM' A' - . J=.3455 ~%=k y'+ .. .. k,- i #. f % J %|N . : & M+;w .f'; %-% ' m#=2- % x;f .. g w wies'Q e. =. :s sis w ,, gr==y . ~ ~ \ , % ,, Y q . -W jg - [h , _ g '' S.k. ' $!- n ====m';,z w sw- - +ss y ;|h/g/, ,' $y, ^ $'3 e y, $ - - R,,+3+J ------W,Q, a - ;F'gh /'~n|,f%Y '| ' |, ; < - ,,y s , , 4 ,$, x ' ' ~ i,; Y,Ib; ,!!b ll;f.i. 'I'| ||?||: i ,\ \\ \ f !liin' i \$' * ' \ \( . CALM M % . CALM IM 4 CALM 43% Q |\ \ 'ht ij j, ,j f\* ' I '! ,| k% i ;)' - -- , -- 's' - h|$'8;: : Y c L'; % u{ ' . . * :: , . 'b' #G LX - L * b;'k> %' a '&, k;- }|': ,h_d' :"*.g .-;. - & '& ' j s ;'. \ _ - -- 4- ;n ,f _- s m s xs Qs , y ,, s ' ss ,3 + .- '* ~ - / , L ,, z'Q ,, '| %. N= V'' . ~ , , 'd < ' _ my4 Jy =, ,/ .' y- ff|4Jy. . ._ , - . . . =Q 9 ' . N'ym ____ =. - -_ - ,_ _/ ' %. _ . - _. . - -Jo(C i ' '- c M 2d ~ ': gg wagar$ Das W ".q ' g g' . . . - M . ,iM% -s=g ~: '' , y =2 ', '' %'3'*' y , @E =k ,, j$' Ps2 % l' - f :e=ss , c 5s% ' |h y,J,) [#;. ?,'t ' ~. : , . : 4 % 's'* - =- 4' f; q= ' ys['k Figure 3 '|[w - - /yy ,. 's- < - = ,, ., .3 4./,j? # 3'. AVERAGE WIND DIRECTION ROSES " , - ) .s.\, ' h (% Occurrence of Total Observations) ,1 y||||w q ,, Hi I s \ T[.$7- .d '\ \ \s(3 " ' cALs Ms - CALM 155 Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant Site , y!' , " \ )\f' . /' bg' f M " (9/68 - 7/70) s, , , - i ,y s ; ~- -- s - . ; * 0 # ,,. . -.. .. x %^'. s . q - a .~ .y , w.- >y4. . gg ,y %wa ~2 ' . 3 "p~x,f,'f w.z . ~ A Md W ' ~ ' :,- ., %' ^ ,a _ , ' ' , ~ ,/ ~ ' KW &Eh)|}- ~ - - .m_.- , < . -. ______ 19 30 20 5 10 :E g / I 8 ' E 7 .5 | 55 4 4 ' 3 / 2 f 1 / 4 < 0 70 60 50 40 20 10 5 2 1 01 0.2 0.10.05 0.01 Probability of Direction Persistence 2:t naure 4 CRYSTAL RIVER WIND PERSISTENCE (9/68 - 7/70) ) i ! ! | 1 | 1 . * , 20 - .- c , e, . - r . .. , a,g,- ~ a. - - - - . , - . , - . . . r ., . ~ ~ .,_ N. '/ 4 >- , ' , Y , _ t- r't / .,. .a - v; n , ,~ ., 4- ; ps- ., s d|Ia se . , , '- < ..l+ j .a , ,(::W u. *. 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' - Rpm 5 ""'''" f ANNUAL AVERAGE DISPERSION ISOPLETHS X/Q - sec/m3 Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant Site (9/68 - 7/70) . -- _ 21 10-3 , _ _ ; , r, . = -, , a ;;, ,, .j -H + , P ." - yn .J ' rr: i ' ~ !'.b ;l r. Pi_: -j .Mi gibi-i m -i h 3.. . ;r '' , g'.. i:. ~'f: F . . . .1 ~7_|yEi~f;fji2._ g:: g sph i; }f! > :. s , . . 6. t ;: > iin . m ,7- . 5 I + * , if' hi i. 'Ti; ' I'* Ei ! h t; !: . ! '+ * l . tt ini : , :4 :t! ' i g i,. e it i ;i.t i i6' !@ ir~ i..Q 16: ih . !! l. fp f- -' ! iii: iO ' All Directions ''4b.h-|@ ) ~ ! C. in W . ~ *I 6 7 I . . _I Ih Mn . . iff [jkjNe Onshore Winds (NNW ccw SE} /M r: : +; ;: .~n ;.1 . . _ . , , . ' -.. . , ...... _.; - . '_; !. - . -.::.1" + .-.l,. *:n.. . , 4. .1. .r.n, & . _. ,n. . .,fr .. . 1,,,.. .,...... 4, ,. .a - + .. , . . . + l -.,.L. . f l4.. .1. ---6 t'.. .m4...... 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I 8- t 7 t'fbdi_t - i -I . iIl tI E ; . ,.I} t. . .I _ 1 || .{ ,,l_.l ' .I ._~T ,i 4, _4___. 2 4 I Ili iI im 6 i ,i h , iTl .Tiiii i i nT 4[.n, 10 A,_ g ci !HMf-M4 3. % iit) si--1: ht#N+t F.! t-ttr -W M4 |t1 HW it,c M 4ti 5 . Ue ' tilM *Et hii-il9 =M.Mi-A- % thi OWtf4f tiR ib.H4R4tM 4!E hfi i =2-4 - .4=E-iM@ 4n =@ 1ht#- EFE#MiWMlMi Mi #isini4M g . c :1:.= :=%-- .u u :v:= =r; .w r:22._ n :::=z ;:;-a::t m - .F_ n:: ae rr=. .=_ - : .t23 h: c-- n:o::n :m=n th.x:t- - * - + -- :::::- .E , fu 4: W. d i' a diL m :'i E rr:i im M f d i- 4 Wit iM Mi-- n: W d4 y yg_w ap, z - .-4_i-4 .-t 5 i -M E- MMM 4 LU th if H in W fin ufi- _ 3 -,.g lijiw. _ .45:. , .y; j.! - f-[--t g J y-j .jg. ;-t ipg it jm itii pt.t'.+3j -rg . pit 9f M_ fiWf ~-int!! iA - i : i : l>- _- --.;,----e .. -i i, i-+-e...w , -; +t, , ++r..-.-+,.4.rr- .r. .*t.*-*+ , . 4, .-. ., .i p. t t .n, J- p- 9.;_t u.n 1.. F. pi 4 . y, _R- --- ; ' ji-i W -| ;'' +ili + H 4---H-t M4 i . [H4 k.nM44 -474 ' | | | i '| Y-Nitty.E. U,| | 1- F. h. . ! i ._].,.Y4 ~_ i,s. * 4 M. I , 9.4 4* 6 f!. ! l| } + ,i 4 t . ,ii+ ~. t ( .._.._...i...... ,t 1 m .I ._ i .i .'a- i .a . i ! - .., J, . ,1,t. > - i i li- .i_ - .: . 1 i . i i. : : :.. .- . .1,:. : i ...i lT.. i i. - i ': u._ : u . . -iI, o i n: ii m .:t Io Ti,i ill .liii . i I il ' ill | i. 10-5 iil: ||.- n11- 0.01 0.050.10.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % of Observations WithX/Q 1 1 Figure 6 TWO HOUR ACCIDENT METEOROLOGY i | . 1 | | | 22 , , ;,;,, 10-3 , , , , , ,,,, . _ _ , , , , , , , , , - - - - - - _ _ - _ - _ 104 ------. _- - - - - - - - - - _ 0 '@+ 10-5 , , - _ - . _ - p _ - s ,r _ - - ~ / $ 'O f. o Q X R 10-6 - + _ - N _ - % : - o _ - g . - _ , - _ ; 1 - _ \ 10-7 7 - 5 ~ | 1 - e e 1 ' - M M | - 2 2 5 .e ., _- o g - oj _ - $ - y a ghb _ N " a$ -8 I t t t I t I i ||| t I t t t tI t| t i t i t t i L 100 1000 10,000 100,000 Distance, Meters Figure 7 CRYSTAL RIVER ACCIDENT MODEL * Building Wake Factor == (.5 x 1850)m2 I 1 i _ _ , - - _ - ______, _ . _ _ ' $ 80]encix 3 | < a - - _ - 24 [ ' !1b f THERMAL ADDITION i V - it w I CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT SITE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY Director i Robert Ingle i Supervisor Edwin A. Joyce, Jr. Staff Churchill B. Primes William G. Lyons Stanley W. Morey Joe Mountain : ( i | ~ _ . - , 25 RESEARCH AT THE RESEARCH AT THE ST. PETERSBURG LABORATORY 2 CRYSTAL RIVER LABORATORY Laboratory studies in this quarter have included During winter quarter 1971, field sampling was the completion of experiment TO-9, designed to completed as scheduled. Trawl sampling was investigate salinity-temperature synergisms, and completed in February, seine sampling in all the completion of analyses for experiments three months, oyster (for trace metals anal- TO 1 - TO 8. isis) sampling in February, screenwash each Experiment TO 9 studied the effect of differ. month, and salinity and temperature monitoring ent salinities (10 , 30 , and 35 ) at throughout the quarter. Also, in February, three 35'C on the oyster. A previous experiment (TO- Foxboro continuously recording thermographs 6) indicated a low tolerance to elevated tempera- were placed in the discharge and intake canals ture at a salinity of 35 . Expe iment TO-9 at stations 0,5A, and C. strengthened our opinion that elevated tempera. Trawl sampling in February yie.ded similar tures combined with high salinities (30-35 ) results to those obtained in February 1969 and produce intolerable conditions for the oyster. 1970. As in previous years, shallow affected Evidence of damage at low salinity (15 ) trawl stations (12, I 3, ll 1, and ll 2) showed was indicated in TO 6, although mortalities were increases in abundance of fishes over shallow not heavy, but in TO 9 at (10 ) mortality was non affected stations (1-1, I-4, and |l 3). No in- almost immediate (3 days) at 35*C. Edema was crease in species diversity of fishes was observed pronounced indicating osmotic stress, and may at shallow affected trawl stations. Species com- have been a prime factor in the mortality rate position of the fish sample from shallow and evidenced. intermediate stations (affected and non affected) Glycogen (c/o dry weight) declined rapidly was essentially the same as in 1969 and 1970. in all experimental oysters which contributed to [ Predominate species were spot, Leiostomus their low condition index at the termination of the xanthurus Lacep4de; pinfish, Lagodon rhom- experiment. boldes (Linnaeus) ; silver jenny, Eucinostomus Further analyses of TO-9 data is underway gula (Quoy & Gaimard); silver perch, Bairdiella i and should be completed in the next quartar. chrysura (Lacepsde); and pigfish, Orthopristis | Invertebrates from 1969 sampling at Crystal chrysoptera (Linnaeus).] The relative abundance j River have been transported to St. Petersburg of these fishes at shallow and intermediate depth where they are presently being analyzed by six stations was not appreciably different from af- biologists specializing in invertebrates. Results fected to non-affected areas. An increase in num- of this analysis will be used to prepare a base-line bers of %iduals (fishes) at intermediate depth report of selected invertebrates. Present data affech f stations over non affected was not ob- indicate total species to be somewhat in excess served. This was not observed in February 1970 of two hundred. Completion of this and a similar or 1965 manuscript on the benthic marine algae is sched- General increased diversity and abundance uled for May,1971. of fishes was observed at non affected shallow Analysis of 1970 and 1971 invertebrate and and intermediate depth trawl stations. These in- benthic algae data has been temporarily sus. creases were especially evident at shallow sta- pended pending completion of the detailed anal- tions. During 1969 and 1970, these stations yses of the 1969 samples. were nearly barren. This increase in shallow and I intermediate depth station population in Feb- i ruary 1971 is no doubt due to milder January I and February air temperatures experienced in 1 Extracted from the progress report January 1,1971 1971. These milder temperatures lead to earlier to March 31,1971, warming of Gulf waters and thus earlier inshore | | 26 movement of young fishes which had over-win. ever, several post larval fishes provisionally iden- tered offshore in deeper waters. Table 1 illus. tified as Menidia beryllina were included in the trates this earlier warming trend at both shallow catch. and intermediate stations. Consideration of seine samples, in relation to capture station position relative to the thermal effluent, reveals no differential abundance or composition., WATElt TEMPEltATUllES AT SHALLOW AND INTFJIMEDIATE Screenwash sampling during this quarter TitAWI. STATIONS IN FEBitUAllY 1969,1970, AND 1971 yielded the largest catches of fishes ever. The Feb. 1969 Feb. 1970 Feb. 1971 24. hour sample contained a total of 1,309 fishes Station No. sur bot sur bot sur bot in January. Shortnose batfish, Ogcocephalus na- 11 14.5 14.0 16.5 16.5 19.0 19.0 sutus (Valenciennes), were most abundant in I-2 14.3 14.3 17.0 16.8 21.6 20.0 the sample with juvenile silver perch, pinfish, * 10 0 90 0 silver jenny, spotfin mojarra, Eucinostomus ar- ||.2 14.5 14.4 17.5 16.8 18.3 18.3 genteus (Baird & Girard), and bighead searobin, 11 3 - - 15.5 15.8 18.2 18.2 Prionotus tribulus (Cuvier), present in about 111 4 - - 15.3 15.1 17.6 17.6 equal numbers (other species were present in 111 1 14.2 13.6 15.5 15.0 17.0 17.0 lesser numbers). |Y.1 13.8 13.6 14.5 14.5 16.5 16.5 Screenwash mortalities were extremely high IV.4 - - 15.0 15.2 16.5 16.5 intermediate in February. Of the total of 6,627 fish, the vast majority were juvenile pinfish, pigfish, silver 62 15 16 7 8 N? 13.4 12.3 14.8 14.8 17.5 17.0 perch, and sea catfish, Arius felis (Linnaeus). m 14.3 14.5 17.5 16.2 16.2 16.0 Other species present in appreciable numbers were shortnose batfish, tidewater silverside, bay Seine sampling was begun in June 1970 to fill anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes), lined in gaps in early fish life history data and there- seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, striped fore cannot be compared with previous years. burrfish, Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum), January seine samples were composed primarily scrawled cowfish, Lactophrys quadricornis (Lin- of killifishes [Fundulus similis (Baird & Girard), naeus), Atlantic spadefish, Chaetodipterus faber F. grandis Baird & Girard, and Cyprinodon varie- (Broussonet), southern puffer, Sphoeroides gatus Lacepe'de] but young of the year spot and nephelus (Goode & Bean), feather blenny, Hyp- pinfish also appeared in the samples. Modal soblennius hentzi (Lesueur), bighead searobin, standard length for spot in January was 15mm, scaled sardine, Harengula pensacolae Goode & for pinfish 18mm. The January samples were the Bean, Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema og- smallest (fewest total numbers of individuals) linum (Lesueur), spotfin mojarra, silver jenny, to date. fringed filefish, Monacanthus ciliatus (Mitchill), Species composition of February seine sam- and others. These juvenile fishes killed in great ples varied slightly from January. Spot and pin- numbers were almost entirely Age 1. Pinfish were fish were again represented in much larger num- almost exactly one year old while pigfish and bers. Also present were tidewater silversides, silver perch wwld have become one yearin April Menicia beryllina (Cope), and young of the year or May.These fishes were moving inshore,having striped mullet, Mugilcephalus (Linnaeus). Modal over wintered offshore in deeper waters where standard lengths for young of the year spot, temperatures are warmer and more stable during pinfish, and striped mullet were 16mm,14mm, winter. The fish moved insSore in response to and 24mm. increasing temperatures and into the intake Species composition and size ranges for canal of the power plant where they met their March seine samples were approximately the demise on the rotating screens. This inshore same as previous samples for the quarter. How- movement occurred in late February and March | I | | | \ | L , . _ _._ 1 . 27 1970 and March 1969 (Figure 2) but occurred earlier this year due to earlier warming of inshore waters. Table 1 shows this warming trend. The greater abundarc of juvenile fishes in 1971 and 1970 or 1969 probably indicates that the 1970 year classes were very successful. There is no indication that increased temperature regimes were related to power plant operation as tem- perature increases were evident at both ther- mally affected and non affected stations. Temperature and sdinity monitoring con- tinued to indicate the pi esence of inverse thermal stratification in the discharge area. . - ; . ! .o .mm .mcm g _ . .. - . - s - ' ' IL - r% Eb a&J n F\n n ,, n -. . ii., ig,., _g.. ... . . . O l ' . E mmm . .mem - Q . i . ' ; 1 ! ' t ' . , R == : C_r 1__[ | | m -.nom-i u-inn.m immn-, og, _gi-, m-> n- > 1 Figure 1. Abundance of fish at trawl stations in February 1969,1970, and 1971. (A) shallow, (B) intermediate. i 1 | 1 | | . - 28 8000 = 6000 - en .J 4 oD 5 4000 - E - 1971 x we las O $ w 2000 - hz /% s' % s s s / - .**,."*~~..~~..,,,*ss1970 / s~s 1969 / 's % JAN | FEB | MAR | Figure 2. Abundance of fish in screenwash samples in winters 1969,1970, and 1971. I # d '- WITMLAC00CHEE river t i;L. e .i' 8 . s' . . . . . 4 _, , Cross FLORe0A SARGE CANAL k .: . g/ y , * % * r-e O 1 * E4 <~'[- w ::.-'6 B-E , f \* 'h e f,', * # ,",E-2 e * * " O g., f 9, ' b- POWER $ e , a, - .. e> g- tp srArms j 7,** b'* g-8 I e d?s eeo RourlNE rEneP S SAL, w- * 8 - , f.9 srArlONs m.e a % # . g a C..,3 C ,* ,,* gn-a 8 ' ! n.e ga . . E.g^. e e , = - > c; ,E3 : ez.. , as** g , e r-s e,., > , , * b'* * * , CRysrAt ''' e ' " a "'V ER n - -a . i % g rRaWL srArroNs > * s - e e Figure 3. Map of study area. . El3 3J0enClX C , | | . . - _ . , 30 , | ! f " " ,R , "n \(Q V1 L L4!.;b v! M- b t NO.003 ON INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT DISCHARGE University of South Florida Marine Science Institute Principal investigator Dr. Kendall L Carder Graduate Assistants Ronald H. Klausewitz Frederick C. Schlemmer 11 ; | i ! I - .. . _ _ _ - _ _ . _ 31 | INTRODUCTION water level is mean sea level as opposed to the mean low water for USCGS charts. This chart During the period covered by this report docu. will be used as a baseline and will be modified as mentation of the plume characteristics under further information becomes available. Depths winter conditions was completed. These periodic will be assigned to the chart as the result of general surveys will continue to provide back- bathymetric surveys, the first of which is de- ground data for future computer model verifi- scribed in this report. The results of future scien- cation. tific surveys (commencing with this report) will Additional background data for the model be reported on this base chart, and it will also be was also obtained. A Wave Measuring System the basis for the computer model of the dis- was used to determine the phase lag between charge basin. the outer bars and the shoreline. A TSK self- contained recording current meter was sus- CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 6 pended at different points in the oasin to deter- mine long term tidal flow, and currerd vane mea- At 12:12 P.M. on February 27,1971, a thirty one surements were made to document the currents station STD (salinity temperature-depth) survey at possible inflow / outflow areas of the discharge of the outfall canal and discharge basin was be- basin. A bathymetry run was made to determine gun during a flood tide. Stations in the outfall accurate depth measurements for input to the canal were taken at each Department of Natural model. Resources " thermal addition" marker,1 and half- The first in a planned series of tracer dye way between the markers. Depths sampled were studies was carried out at the mouth of the dis- surface, three feet, five feet, eight feet, and just charge canal to trace the route of discharge above the bottom. Surface temperatures ranged water flow and determine diffusion coefficients from 24.2*C (75.6*F) at the outfall basin to in the basin. 21*C (69.8'F) at the fifth marker. Salinities The survey barge designed by.the Marine ranged from 23.5 at the first marker to Science Institute, and built by Florida Power, 22.8 at the fifth station. In the basin itself was completed. It was used for the STD (salin- sudace temperatures ranged from 21*C ity temperature depth) survey, dye studies, and (69.8*F) to 20.3*C (68.5'F). Salinities ranged for implanting the buoy anchors for the ECl data from 22.8 to 21.4 .The weatherwas over- acquisition system. cast with a five knot wind from the south. Thirteen of the forty anchor sites were se- To minimize cost of the STD runs, an attempt lected for active (telemetering) buoys in this first was made to eliminate the transit sighting sys- configuration. The buoys are now periodically tem in favorof a three point sighting system from (each hour) telemetering temperature data to the the craft by means of a hand held sighting com- shore station. pass. Due to the stability of the survey barge the The first level hydraulic computer model pro- system proved quite f'easible and reasonably gram has been written, key punched, and is in accurate. the " debugging" process. Boundary conditions, Table 12 shows the environmental conditions depths, and tide heights have been set up for pertinent to the STD survey. The results of the input. survey are presented graphically in Figures 1 & 2 which contain respectively, the vertical tempera- BASE CHART ture and salinity cross sections of the discharge canal. It can generally be seen from these figures Since the USCGS charts of the discharge basin that the thermohaline frontal region described were known to have inaccuracies, the Marine - Science Institute created its own chart from aerial ISee Data Report No. 001 for station locations. photographs and field n.iveys. The reference 2 Tables and Figures are shown on pp. 34 through 40. 32 l ! in Data Report No. 001, and discussed in Data- nents. The period of a tidal wave is generally Report No. 002 is apparent at biological station so long that the wave-length is much larger than "three." Surface evaporative cooling is more ap- the length of the estuary considered. Such long | parent than in former surveys showing up as a waves have the important characteristic that the pool of cooler, more saline water between bio- associated displacement of the waters ir essen- i logical stations "one" and "two." Vertical over- tially horizontal, aligned with the chanael axis, I turning of the water column must occur as a and uniform over the depth (barotropic). The result of the instability shown in these figures. speed of propagation is therefore equal to C = Figures 3 & 4 contain surface temperature v gliwhere h is depth and g the gravitational and salinity contours north, west, and south of acceleration. the discharge canal. The combination of flood From the data gathered a time lag of twenty tide and southerly wind forced the plume north minutes for a distance of two and one-half nauti- and east as far as we have ever seen it. In the five cal m!!es gives an average wave speed of eight foot contours of temperature and salinity (Fig- and six tenths miles per hour. Substituting in the ures 5 & 6, respectively) the bathymetry effects above equation and solving for h, the average are clearly visible. At the lower leve!s the plume depth works out to five feet which is in good is confined by the oyster bars and flows strongly agreement with empirical data. through the gaps. DISCHARGE BASIN BOUNDARY TIDAL MEASUREMENTS FUNCTIONS On March 6,1971, a study of tidal characteristics The self recording current meter was positioned of the Crystal River discharge basin was begun at biological marker "five," January 16 & 17, at 12:50. A wave measuring system was set up 1971 and at biological marker "three," March just beyond the English Bars, two and one-half 6 & 7,1971. The resulting current data collected miles from Point "A" (Figure 7). The system over two tidal cycles will be used to determine continuously logs water depth and so records the the input forcing function for this boundary sec- tidal wave profile. A tide pole was set up at Point tion to the model. Other possible input output "A" for wave form comparison with that at the regions to the north between the spoil banks outer bars and so determine phase lag in the tide from the barge canal were investigated using a cycle over the two and one-half mile distance. current vane on February 27,1971. Thislagandtidalwa ' .haracteristicsareinputs to the computer mooel system. Data appears in DISCUSSION Table 2. Figure 8 shows the tidal current fluctuation over DISCUSSION a twenty hour period at the mouth of the dis- charge channel (Marker 3). It is contrasted with By studying the characteristics of the tidal input Figure 9 made under similar tidal conditions at at the mouth of the basin an input forcing func- the fifth (last) biological marker. The flow in tion for the model can be generated. The body of Figure 8 is always westward due to the more than water involved in the basin is small enough in six hundred thousand gallons per minute head comparison with the Gulf so that direct local tide from the plant pumps, while at the far station generation by moon and sun remains negligible. the tide causes current reversals. The water in- Tidal flows in estuaries are accepted as the result between markers three and five is subsequently of tide-producing forces at the mouth. A suitable forced to the north during flood tide. mean tide can be chosen for analysis, and modi- Figure 10 shows the results of the current fications of simple patterns can be produced vane study for the area between the northern by superposition of several harmonic compo- spoil banks during flood tide. The vector magni- | t . _ . 33 tudes are referenced to the key in the lower left traveled 1.1 NM west and .25 NM north, corner. The predominance of northward flow is probably linkea to the southern wind, a theory MODEL borne out by a subsequent run under similar tide conditions but with still air. The disturbing Figure 11 shows the basic outline being used in flow is at station five, suggesting a possible alter. the modeling program. The grid interval is .14 nate tide filling route for the eastern part of the km. The tide input will be along the western basin. If further investigation confirms this, then boundary. Boundaries and grid intersect depths it must be taken into consideration in the model. at mean sea level along with initial tidal height are input along with local flows or forcing func. BATHYMETRY tions. Through successive solutions of the wave equation the tide is moved in and out. The current On March 13,1971, a bathymetry run was made vectors will then be input to a diffusion program on the discharge basin. Five legs were run from to show thermal patterns under varying condi- east to west with a recording fathometer. A con. tions of wind, tide, solar heating, atmospheric stant speed was maintained and fixes taken by cooling, and plant output. sighting with a compass to pinpoint positions. This data is awaiting tidal corrections on receipt Respectfully submitted, of concurrent tide information from the plant. It will be presented on the base chart in the next data report. 'hM [[d DYE TRACING Dr. Kendall L. Carder On March 10,1971, we performed the first of a | long series of dye drops to document the current pattern further explain the plume behavior, es- tablish diffusion coefficients for the basin, and verify the model output. One liter of rhodamine WT (Dupont) was mixed into the water at bio- logical marker "three" (opposite point "A") dur- ing an ebb tide and followed until flood. A thir- teen knot wind from the south was a definite contributing factor in the subsequent dispersion. DISCUSSION The dye spread quickly north and west in concen- tric rings. After twenty five minutes the northem section which was heading for the grass flats stalled and the westward movement sped up with the increasing ebb tide. When dispersion made the dye invisible to the eye, it was detected by means of a fluorometer which can detect concen- trations down to .1 PPB. On the western dye plume boundary in the channel the dye diffused rapidly to five to ten PPB within three hours. During the period of observation the dye front | | - . - 34 DATE: February 27,1971 TIMES OF MEASUREMENTS: Begin Work 12:12 Complete Channel Work 1:29 Basin Work Complete 4:40 TIDES: TIME HT. (FT.) (Tide Tables 1971) 0254 3.2 Hi 0950 -0.4 Lo 1506 3.2 HI 2214 --4.7 Lo CURRENTS: TIME VEL (NTS.) (Tidal CurrentTables,1971) 0052 1.02 Flood 0652 .88 Ebb 1316 1.02 Flood 1916 .88 Ebb WIND: VEL (KNOTS) DIR. (FROM) Date: March 6,1971 5 180' BEGIN WORK 12:50 POWER GENERATION: TIME UNIT 1 UNIT 2 COMPLETE WORK 4:47 (Gross) 1200 364.4 205 3 1300 347.9 201 .; TlDES: TIME HT. (FT.) , 1400 339.1 170.6 (Tide Tables 1971) 0514 -0.2 Lo ' 1500 NotSupplied 169.4 1230 2.0 Hi 1600 336.9 167.8 1702 1.7 Lo | 1700 364.4 168.7 2142 2.5 Hi CONDENSER INLETTEMPERATURE: (*F) ('C) (*F) ('C) WIND: Negligible 1200 65 18.3 63 17.2 WAVE SYSTEM LOCATION: Intersect of Florida Power Point "C" !?00 65 18.3 64 17.8 marker and No. 35 Florida Barge Canal 1400 66 18.9 65 18.3 marker and on a line due west of the 1500 NotSupplied 65 18.3 Crystal River plant stacks. (Figure 7) 1700 67 9.4 , . .3 f poi A AIR TEMPERATURE (AMBIENT) TIME LAG: 20 Minutes. & RELATIVE HUMIDITY: NOT SUPPLIED PHASE LAG: .169 radians on a 12.4 hr. period. ACREAGE INVOLVED IN PLUME SURFACE: ACRES A IA A Cto 5'C TS 21.5'c to 22.0'C 265 21.0*C to 21.5'C 250 20.5'C to 21.0*C 248 20.0*C to 20.5'C 140 TOTAL 1399 FIVE FOOT: Above 23.0*C 213 22.0*C to 23*C 417 21.5'C to 22.0*C 331 21.0*C to 21.5'C 209 20.5'C to 21.0*C 134 TOTAL 1304 TABLE 1. CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 6 - r- - - - - m --w v-y, v---w ----w w v w ,y- i- . ___ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - ______ 35 DNR MAIUTR$ 8 8 1 4 0 2 3 5 o ' ' ' I '\ - 2 -2 4- O e 4 * * $? | &* 6- $%- y 4 'o -6 ' 8-/ -8 10-/ 22.8 . to ' 12 i! ' - 12 ' Flood Tide - Tom erature 2-27-71 ( C) FIGURE 1. VERTICAL TEMPERATURE CROSS SECTION OF DISCHARGE CHANNEL ONR MAaggas Discharge 1 2 4 ' ' g $ 0 ' O -2 2- p.T p.% 4- -4 e = 6- m -6 " 8- -8 10- -10 ' ' ' ' 12 12 Flood Tide Salinity 2-27-71 (8/co ) FIGURE 2. VERTICAL SALINITY CROSS SECTION OF DISCHARGE CHANNEL ! !. - - _ _ . . 36 . _ . . - * peao*** },Y . b | *[,$1o.,*a , d. .) - p' ? ' '- jef,-d,A : j 'm ' , d j + ' ,.s \ -f .t ' ; .. ? - .. ; g i . .' .> 2 . . . u5f , ~ . .._ ~.. ,i F # 8 r, ,!* ' ' youn 3 - n f . ' ' . . . i...... --. 3 . n. 2~ a (__) U ' x __.__ . \ % - ::.: .. .i.h. '., .h p- ., - A , i jC , ,- \ / V, ; '. ' %| .E n~ . .: ~' .. n., j, %- L; ~ ~ - , , - ._ - :~...__ : ~n _ , yggg 4 - t . *i ...... - . , , _ - - . . . - - .''? 37 # -_ 00q, . ' k'*=; nn *' '" *'"* 9 % d p n, int \'s < . , 2-r-t * '|'w A e pgs, d, . .. p , 3 . . , .> - A - 1. #<' , - - , k i o -|1 , ! c , , . .,'. . , . / I ' - Nt g j '., ,' 0.o , g ,A , . . ,,' ' ' ' , 't . ~ % : s -# 7., - .., Cg_i ' .' 4 : \ I}* , ;j -. -c ~ E \q __N\ |. s,, < ....,,zQ r -- % psittE 5 : ..: ~ m ~ ~ ~ . . t._------y f , ., , ' a p ggco y001 ME 9. 9 % d % _ aq, "* '7, 1..sv..[4 , d. . .) .e p. .. e., . gy' ,- /' , ,. ,s , ...... i..' x- q _ , ., < ,. % ' ~ " 5 _ ,'.' . P 1 |s L'M.k..'n,-',- 1 , 'es ' 1 }, ''' ' >. .. ._,'y /'ym / > t_ ~ . ygtstE 6 : :.' ' FA : . 38 F p a c_>u g.. . y&fp s. cs + h..- t e- k * # '*s%+: 8b - - . y g , *. - AZ'^ tam e l /- s a.,se.s.or * ..f. . s/ . x . I h,, ' " /. $ . 1 [s $ | ~~. 4 -.., % *.., ~ . . Tideun. == "c- '- s.- .) . - 1% , . . . -.,. (p '' FIGURE 7 p / w j .,%.. L...... ,___ th e OR9et RECRESSION ANALTits a y = t(e) + b(1)s + . . 4 + b(sis T AIIS .3 8 54 9 * b ''01 '1 | ' | uts? . 00040 m bi '2 ' Castlesees Correst Recording . 0000500011 e bi3= 6' .00000 = t'4 t . TAB narker #3 3/6/71 ,a 133: . 1110 + * I . t +++ + * + *.t h3 . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * ...... , , , , * * = ...... +'....***...... +....+a***$.....*'.....';*,,,,...... + + . + + + + '*.... | . t2 + | | * < : t1 : : : ' . & & .& - - A.. $ A- A .. . &.. A . 3 .: . ; 1 a 3 a a asas : : t -t EI | Out I AIfg FWit e 2.0000 newes g Out T ARIS ONIT * .1000 anots e IA8T : t. t b --w d -n. ..e py e N L | T 6115 t. ' ; as? : . . * t5 ! : . : . ' 3 : . j c..a l..... e.e r .e s ..rn.. g . TAD leerker if 5/EF/TJ : 8500 1600 : : : . .A. . 4 . .A . A. ...$ &. . A 1. . ...& & 4 3 5 1 ; 5 2 3 4 I AI!S : : * : 84 e . casta escattttes asettsts + =| T . t ( ) + b (11 a + . . . + 6 (.3 8 93 : + : . 21348*8 pan . bi#1t ..c.,,, ., ...ds, . . ., : : EAs? o*f F AftS Wuff l 0660 neers ggg g onI T AII5 P9IT 2AAA spot e P /h 4 i t 1% ]a. # g) 14' - - . y t , ,.b. ,. ' ' ' ? /C - / ., x . , N, %. . . . .s .,. * * s.x - ~ -ig ' ., ,* .J wine free sata 5 tmots - '~~~." 11sont fie' , 3 - p ..N. a. * ,r''.N '' ,.. . , < . . . . . _ _ ...Ts ~ ( p ,y ir. Im _s...... - FIGUM 10 - . - - - 40 ~ ecd-, ~@ . * e * ** , < ** . o * = m ,, a '* 3 ' Io , , . 4 * , , 9 4 . s ,' * 4 # 'b 4 e ? % * ## * ,, * Jg | ' es ' #" , , ge 4 + 6 n- ~ ** 6 as h , ' - , ' ., i. FIGURE 11 | '' ~.:"-, 1 4------ . _ . - 41 ;'s . I1,DE, .< . O?O?D.i ; I) 3 o ,,.d,.VL ,' ! 6 N1 ;/a c k I 42 ! i | ' 1 W p P9 ne 0 19d . SURVEILLANCE FOR RADIOACTIVITY IN THE VICINITY OF THE CRYSTAL RIVER NUCLEAR POWER PLANT: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering , Principal Investigator Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Co investigators Dr. William E. Carr Dr. Richard W. Englehart Dr. Jackson L Fox ' Dr. John F. Gamble Dr. Charles E. Roessler Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Graduate Assistants Clay A. Adams Joseph L Alvarez Leonard F. Blankner Francis S. Echols Allan H. Horton Orhan H. Suleiman Boyd B. Welsch Student Assistants Bruce E. Holmes Effie Galbraith Roger King Alan Peltz Buford C. Pruitt i | . _ -a. ,n. , . . . - . . - . _ . ______ 43 PROGRESS REPORT 8 plankton samples in the Spring Quarter. Feeding Habits and Growth Rates of Perti- Marine and Marshland Sampling nent Marine Species in the Area: A thorough Sampling areas were the same as those estab- literature survey regarding the feeding habits lished and shown in the Fall Quarterly Progress and growth rates of pertinent marine species in Report. All organisms were collected in Decem- the area was completed during this Winter Quar- ; ber 1970 and January 1971. The organisms ter. This information is summarized in Table 2. sampled during this quarter are shown in Table The material included in the table, along with 1.2 Due to the low water temperatures which are our own data on the feeding habits of juveniles characteristic of the cold winter months, it was of these species, will eventually appear in a pub- not possible to collect all of the organisms in- lication. As shown in the table, many of the cluded during the Fall Quarter. Organisms were references to growth rates are given in terms of especially difficult to locate at the marshland increases in length, i.e., em/ year. We are cur- sites of Areas A and C (see Figure 1). This diffi- rently gathering field data which will permit the culty was anticipated prior to the initiation of the establishment of length / weight relationships on study and is accountable to the following factors: such species for the purpose of transforming all 1) Low water temperatures induce a migra- growth data to a weight function, i.e., grams / tion to deeper offshore waters of many species year. The latter information will permit a reason- _ ; which inhabit shallower habitats during the re- ' able appraisal of the amount (grams) of each maindec of the year. major dietary item consumed per year by each 2) Low water temperatures cause a drastic ' species. For some species this data is already reduction in the numbers of plankton. shown in Table 2. This material represents an : During this Winter Quarter the opportunity important assemblage of information which can I was taken to sample a broad spectrum of the ba used for predictive purposes and for model food and game fishes which migrate into the testing in the future. heated discharge canal during the cold winter Sea Water Composition: A major factor in months. These fishes are included in Table 1 as the development of a model for predicting the samples from the Nearshore Area B site. It is felt anticipated levels of radionuclides which will ap- that the inclusion of these additional important pear in marine organisms after commencement . species has provided a valuable extra i.nput into 4 of plant operation will be an awareness of the the proposed program because of the heavy fish- physico-chemical forms and the concentrations Mg activity which was observed in the discharge in sea water of the pertinent stable elements. canal during the Winter Quarter. This information will be essential for correlating With the assistance of Mr. Bruce Holmes, a with the physico chemical forms and concentra- portable continuous plankton sampler was as- tions of the radionuclides which are to be dis- sembled and given a successful test run. This charged. Table 3 provides the summarized re- sampler consists of a raft, a water pump, and suits of an on going literature search regarding various clamps, floats, and other accessories for the forms and concentrations of the pertinent supporting a plankton net in a fixed position with , elements in sea water. The table shows that for respect to a continuously pumped stream of several of the elements (Y, Mo, La, Ce, Cr, and i water. The sampler can be anchored wherever Zr) only scanty data on the physico-chemical f desired and operated unattended for several forms have been found. It is hoped that more | hours at a time. The sampler will be used for ' information on these elements will be forthcom- gathering sufficient quantities of certain ef the ing.'For the other elements (Rb, Sr, I, Cs, Ba, Co. Mn, and Fe) it is felt that sufficient informa- 1. Extracted from the progress report covering the pe. tion has been assimilated for comparing with the riod Novemtw 1,1970 to January 31,1971. physico chemical forms of the r.uclides which 2. bbles and Figures are shown on pp. 49 through 62. are to be released. It will be necessary, however, | t ' .a . - . . ------. . . _ = - - 2- - - - - _ _ , . - _ _ _ - - ______ 44 for us to measure the stable element composi- ysis. By this procedure, the relative importance tion of the sea water used for cooling at the plant of food target species are established thus veri- site since this wa9r is from an estuarine zone fying, or not, that we are sampling the most and is subject to chemical modification as a imeortant compartment in each trophic grouping consequence of the influence of drainage from and habitat. Stomach contents are also being # the adjacent land masses. dried and weighed to obtain values on consump- tion; information not available in the literature. Marshland and Terrestrial Sampling The local research laboratories of the Florida Literature Review: The qualitative literature Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission and the ' review has been completed and includes listings U.S.D.l. Fish and Wildlife Service are providing for 793 plant and animal species. A preliminary valuable assistance in helping to accumulate this copy of this material is being prepared for dis- quantitative dietary data. Plant and soil sampling will commence this 7 tribution as a source document to the UF group. Team members will be asked to critically review month when the working vegetation soils corre- this materia! and provide additional material lation base map is completed. A general descrip- where applicable. A statement on its use as an tion of the procedure was given in the last unverified source document will accompany the quarterly report. A capability for rapid solute distribution. concentration is being developed after which the The quantitative literature survey is aimed at major water compartments and pathways will be specific isotopes (and their stable forms), the sampled on a regular basis. By coupling biotic target sample species and quantitative radio- and abiotic compartment moisture contents with ecology in general. The initial efforts are directed the various fluxes, it should be possible to create toward the 52 animal species considered to be a model for tritium movement in the study area. representative of major food chains and habitats. The status table (Table 4) chown on the next This information, as it is completed for each three pages can be interpreted with the following species, will be incorporated into the source doc- legend: ument. It should be noted, however, that the bio- 1. Samples are numbered consecutively ac- logical literature is essentially devoid of empiri- cording to collection sequence. Dissected mate- cal data useful in detailed ecological systems rial carries a postscript. analyses, particularly of littoral and contiguous 2. All samples are identified to genus and, ecosystems. Much of this baseline information when possible, species. Positive identifications will have to be developed as a part of this study. are used to verify the check list. Sampling: To date,49 samples of plant and 3. An (x) beneath a job category indicates animal species have been taken at the Crystal that sub-study has at least been initiated. The River tite. These are listed in the status table sample retention indicates how the sample is accompanying this report. Prior to the acquisi- being stored at the present. tion of the intensive sampling gear, opportunis- 4. Gamma scans are indicated by laboratory tic " grab" samples were emphasized to provide number and tissue portion (s) counted. supplemental information. This introductory ex- 5. Habitat groups have been tentatively cat- ercise has proved beneficial in that several crit- egorized and coded as shown at the bottom of the ical pathways, previously unsuspected, can be table. suggested, in addition to the establishment of Laboratory Analyses: During the first quarter, - radioisotope background levels in several bio- an effort was made to design lab techniques logically important compartments. which would lead to an efficient procedure for Sampling is continuing with emphasis on the generating the maximum amount of informstion 52 specie core group. This includes not only the consistent with the study objectives. Fresh sam- collection of whole animals for gamma counting, pie material (animals) are brought in, eviscer- but is extended to include stomach content anal- ated, and the tissues preserved in solution or by ' . ' __. . . . , . - - - . .- _. _. - . - 45 , | freezing. Much of the gross separation, however, gram is the influent Gulf Canal. In the Withla- is done on site at Crystal River. When sufficient ecochea only cne sampling point was felt to be i material has been collected,it is thawed, chopped necessary. The reason for this decision was , or slurried, counted and refrozen. For additional based on the fact that marine samples are col. analytical work and for parmanent storage, all lected near the entrance to the Cross Florida i documented samples will be vacuum dried, Barge Canal, which is quite close to the mouth ground and stored in bulk (large samples) or as of the Withlacoochee River. Thus, the only sam. pellets (small samples). Presently, moisture con. pling point in the Withlacoochee is near Yankee. , tents are being determined and selected samples town, about three miles from the Gulf. < are being prepared for stable element analyses. While the December trip was of a preliminary ' , Modelling: A preliminary qualitative model of nature, several basic samples were obtained at the Crystal River marshland and terrestrial eco. Crystal River. These included benthic algae, vas- 4 systems has been prepared incorporating the key cular plants, sediment, and water at Canal species, habitats and food chain linkages. In ad. ' Marker 25 collected near the mouth of the river. dition, qualitative models are being prepared for Samples were also taken in the river near the each key species to permit the inclusion of main boil. At the boil itself, water and the vascu- ! greater detail. Those models will appear in a far plant, Hydrilla verticillata were collected. supplemental report. Appended to this report is Nearby samples (in the boet canal off Xmas an incomplete sample model for the fish eating Island) sediment and Eichhornia crassipes, the redbreasted merganser (Me- 'r). In. water hyacintn. All samples were returned to cluded in this initial attemt .e results of Gainesville for analyses. , the stomach content analysis. dee Figure 2. During the reconnaissance trip, it became i apparent that a ecliection method more efficient Freshwater Sampling than hook and line, seines, etc. was necessary, During this winter quarter, the sampling network particularly for the Withlacoochee River. Accord- was expanded to include the Crystal River and ingly, contact was made with Mr. Phil Edwards, , the Withlacoochee River. These bodies of water ! Director of the Freshwater Fish and Game Re- represent the freshwater environment bordering search Laboratory in Eustis about the possibility the present study area. Both rivers are used ex. of using rotenoire (a fish toxin) or a device for tensively for recreation and, thus, are of prime shocking fish. After some discussion, it appears concern to the public. Contamination via the air that a fish shocker will best suit our needs. This j or water is possible in both of these areas. Fur. instrument may also be of considerable aid in thermore, a number of the organisms being the marine sampling program. The possibility i sampled in the marine program are also found of obtaining or borrowing a fish shocker is now ; in fresh water. The mullet and the blue crab are being investigated. j good examples. Some insight into the extent of ' marine-freshwater migration might be gained by Ter estrial Sampling comparing levels of activity in species of this Preliminary sampling has demonstrated the con- type. tinued presence of nuclear test debris, cesium- On December 17, 1970, a reconnaissance ' 137. In areas of low concentration detections trip was made to Crystal River and the Withia. were made using long lived plant parts, such as I coochee River to determine where and how col. palmetto fronds, or fruiting bodies. lections should be made. It was decided that in the past quarter, the sampling has been samples should be collected at two points in the designed to point up differerces between soil Crystal River: one at or near the main spring boil types, plant communities and cultivation tech. and one near the junction of the river and the niques. Gulf. The latter station was chosen because Sandy, draughty soils under forested condi. , the southern limits of the marine sampling pro- tions show the highest concentrations of cesium- ! : I t t - --i e- , 4- e i i-,- m- t v*r*'i w -vw- -9 + 5 t- . - _ . . 46 137. Surface samples, one fourth meter square organisms). The objections are based on the fact by two centimeters deep, have only about one that for most radionuclides, the concentration quarter the concentration of cesium 137 under and physico-chemical state of theisotopic carrier , , row crop cultivation as the corresponding soils are unknown in organisms and water. It has been under forested conditions. Little to no cesium- observed that concentration factors (ratio of 137 activity has been found below 20 centi- radionuclide atoms in an organism to radio- meters. nuclide atoms in water) are a function of the As spring pastures begin their growth, an physico chemical state of the carrier, attempt will be made to correlate forage concen. Further work in this area will be along the trations with soll concentrations. lines of: Some plant samples were noted to have zir- 1) determining the chemical state of plant conlum niobium 95 as well as cesium 137 pres- effluents as they are discharged and as they mix ent. This raises the question of how much recent with seawater, cesium 137 may be coming into the Florida 2) further evaluation of analytical ap- biosphere. A 1969 litter sample from a mixed proaches to the problem, hardwood stand from one location was available 3) accumulation of concentration factor to compare with similar 1970 samples that data in light of 1) above. showed the niobium-zirconium. The cesium-137 Other data needed (for even good applica- for 1970 was about 90% of the 1969 value, tion of the specific activity armroach) are stable Although only a single comparison, the analyses element analyses of the Oscharge "nal water indicate that additional cesium 137 increments and water with which 't mixes (at ths various are minimal. Further, the comparison empha- sampling sites) and tha important marine crea- sizes how efficiently the cesium 137 is cycling tures consumed by ms.t. In addition, more spe- under natural environmental conditions in cific data is needed fre m Florida Power with re- Florida. spect to the amounts ead scheduling of effluent The data presented are rough calculations release expected from alant operation. and the activities may be altered somewhat when the computerized results are available. Table 5 Thermoluminescent Dasimetry summa.-izes these preliminary cesium 137 data. Sufficient dosimeters have been received to set up 15 sampling sites at located in figure 3. Se. Marine Modelling lection was based u en meteorology, conven- A continuing effort is being made in researching lence, and general cov arage. the literature with respect to theories of radio- Calibration and packaging of the first group nuclide accumulation, analytical models for was completed Febraary 28, 1971. Data from transport and data on biological concentration this group will cover the period March 1,1971 factors for the various types of hydrobionts and to March 31,1971. radionuclides involved. Preliminary calculations have been made us. Airborne Particulate Activity ing FPC furnished average effluent concentra. The first unit is nov complete and was success- tions using the specific activity approach. On fully tested outside the Environmental Engineer- the basis of this model, possible intake by man ing Building.The site of TLD station #1 has been for all radionuclides involved is several orders chosen for the first sampler (see Figure 4) sched- of magnitude bclow MPC (for water intake). How- uled for installation February 3,1971. ever, there is considerable doubt on the part of workers in this area as to the validity of the Total Deposition Sampler specific activity approach (that the ratio of the One sampler design with a 1.0 m2 funnel collec- radicisotope atoms to the total chemical element tor connected to an ion exchange resin cartridge atoms will be the same in water and water living has been drawn up for consideration. An alterna- i . , . 47 tive proposal has come from an exchange of a quantitative relationship between activity in correspondence with Edward P. Hardy, Jr., Di. these plants and the short term and cumulative rector, Environmental Studies Division, Health concentrations of radionuclides in the air, and Safety Laboratory, USAEC. When using a The significance of this work and our pre- collector as large as 1 m2, Mr. Hardy recom. vious work with these plants is two fold: mends collecting the sample in a vessel and 1) Operators of a nuclear facility should be processing it in the laboratory. The next step is aware of the fact that this particular component to select a collection method, fabricate the ap. of the environment contains readily detectable paratus and begin field testing. background levels of radioactivity scavenged from fallout. Tritium Network 2) Although quantitative relationships seem Fourteen sites were chosen for the tritium net. to be difficult to establish, epiphytic plants show work. See Figure 4. Ten of the 14 sites were promise as indicators of sensitive emergency sampled during the Fall Quarter,1970 and Table indicators of airborne particulate radioactivity 5 summarized the results. All sites presently releases to the environment as well as early indi- show activity slightly higher than expected. The cators of the arrival of airborne radionuclides Apalachicola .'Tiver had concentrations of about from external sources. 0.35 pCi/mi in 1968 and the Kissimmee River had 0.15 pCi/mi in 1968. The apparent half life Fabrication of Shield in surface waters appears to be about 3 years, Work has been essentially completed on the fab- which suggests current levels ought to be lower. rication of a new top and easily operated access Due to the variation observed in enrichment door (both of 6" thick, low background steel) for factors for these new electrodes, these values the shield for the 4" x 4" crystal in the gamma cannot be accepted as established. The values spectrometry system in Radiation Biophysics do show, however, that the technique can be laboratory. Provision of the shield top under this used successfully for environmertal surveys, as project converts the existing shield from a test soon as uniform enrichment factors are attained. to a routine operational facility and makes the second gamma spectrometry system more avail- Evaluation of Spanish Moss as a Biological able to this project. Sampler for Airborne Activity A total of 10 samples were collected in the Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Gainesville vicinity between October 19 and De. The technique utilizes a 4 inch by 4 inch right cember 7,1970 and counted for gamma radio- cylinder Nal(T1) crystal. The detector is located activity. Qualitative examination of the resulting in a 20 inch by 20 inch by 24 inch shield of spectra showed readily detectable peaks of 137 2 inch lead. Signals are analyzed with a 512- Cs,95 Zr Nb, and 7 Be and also a 120 kev peak channel analyzer. Data outputs include (1) type- in all samples which ranged in sizes from 260 writer for permanent record, (2) strip chart graph to 580 gms wet weight. for visual inspection, and (3) punch paper tape From these efforts and previous analyses in which is used to punch IBM cards which, in turn, our laboratories it was concluded that Spanish are verified and submitted to the computer, moss, Tillandsla usneoides and related epiphytes Most of the counting is accomplished in 3.5 are effective scavengers of airborne radioactiv. liter Marinelli beakers with homogenized wet ity. On a unit mass basis, these organisms will samples. Other small counting configurations show some of the highest radionuclide concer'. are available. Ten standards have been obtained trationsin the environment. from the Analytical Quality Control Service, The spectra obtained during this period were Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory, not evaluated quantitatively and no further at. Winchester, Massachusetts. Table 7 shows the tempts are being made at this time to develop minimum detectable activities obtained with <. 48 these standards. (Barium 140 has been back centrations to be apparent artifacts of the meth- ordered.) The analysis of the complex sample ods of computation. Radionuclides not in the spectra is accomplished by the simultaneous standards library are considered when unac- equation method. Computer programs for the countable photopeaks are apparent. various computations have been written and veri. In general, some radioactivity was measur- fled. The final output records total activity and able in all samples. Potassium content was low concentration, along with the associated 2 stan- in the sea water (2001; and was approaching dard deviation range of each specified radio- minimum detectable concentration in the oysters nuclide. (2061). The radium series was noted in every A detailed description of the gamma ray sample except sea water (2001). Additional ccm- spectroscopy procedure and programs will be ments on these preliminary samples is probably submitted as a special report. unwarranted. Gamma Analysis of Samples Gamma Analysis of Marine Samples, Fall 1970 from Marine Reconnaissance Trips There are 63 samples from the marine sampling During the month of October,1970, a number program in the Fall of 1970. The gamma analysis of samples were obtained from the general ma- of these samples are summarized in Table 9. The rine environment in order to shake down the samples are arranged according to type and procedures from sampling to computer output. location in correspondence to Table 1. The for- These results are summarized in Table 8. Data mat and legend is the same as discussed for in future tables will retain this format. The labo- Table 8. Discussion of these results will be re- ratory numbers afe consecuti/cly assigned as served for the next quarterly report. samples are prepared, however, with the general subgrouping of 001 to 199 for freshwater,200 to 499 for marine,500 to 799 for terrestrial, and 800 to 999 for miscellaneous. Letter accompany- REFERENCES ing number (i.e. 205,1,,) signifies month counted, that is A for January and I for September. 1 -Goldberg. E. C.1966. The oceans as a Computer output shows actual data and hour chemical system. In The Sea. V. 2. i counted. Descriptions attempt to be very specific 2 - Mauchline, J. and W. L. Templeton.1964. ' as to type, size and numoer Sample size w!Il Artificial and natural radioisotopes in the marine j normally be in kilograms (drained, wet weight), environment. In Oceanography & Mar. Biol. V. 2. ; Potassium 40 measurements are reported in 3 -Goldberg, E. C.1965. Minor elements in terms of grams of potassium. The standard for sea water. In Chemical Oceanogr. V. L 40K was analytical grade KC1. Units of grams 4 - Kester, D. R. and R. M. Pytokowicz.1969. per kilogram can be converted to per cent by di. Sodium, magnesium + calcium sulfate ion pairs viding by 10. Units of gram per kilogram can be in sea water. Limnol. & Oceanog. 14:686-692. 5 - Barkley, R. A. and T. G. Thompson.1960. converted to pCi per kilogram by multiplying 8.2. , The next two radionuclides listed are those The total iodine & iodate-iodine content of sea j of the radium 226 series and of the thorium 232 water. Deep Sea Res. 7: 24 34. I series. Because of their importance cesium 137 6 - Krauskopf, K. B.1956. Factors controlling concentrations are listed separately. All other the concentration of 13 rare metals in sea water. radionuclides identified in a sample are listed Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta. 9: 133. under the "Others" column. 7- Polikarpov, G. G.1966. Radioecology of Raw data, spectra, and computer outputs re. Aquatic Organisms. ceive final review and are assembled into table 8 - Hanor, J. S.1969. Barite saturation in sea format. Comments added are personal judge. water. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta. 33: 894 ments. Often close inspection reveals some con. 898. ._ ~_ _ 49 9- Atkinson, L. P. and Stefansson, U.1969. NEARSHORE SAMPLING SITES: Particulate aluminum and iron in sea water of,f samph Ike AmaA Ama B AnaC the southeastern coast of the U.S. Geochim. et f,',7,,',,, x x x Cosmochim. Acta. 33: 14491453. Piankton X - - 10- Robertson, D. E.1970. The distribution Algu (sarsassum s;.) X X X of cobalt in oceanic waters. Geochim. et Cos. crass X X X mochim. Acia. 34: 553 567. oyskrs (crameen * sinica) X X X 11 - Bolch, W. E. Environmental Surveillance, Shrimp (Penaeus sp.) - - - Blue crebs (callinecies sapidus) X X X for Radioactivity in the Vicinity of the Crystal Pinfish (tagedes rhembe du) X X X River Nuclear Power Plant- An Ecological Ap. Mullet (Musil se.) X X - proach, Quarterly Progress Report, August 1 Food a camerish: Spotted Seatrout X x X October 31,1970. Red drum (redfish) - X - 12 - Wyerman, T. A., R. K. Farnsworth and G. L ~ - hi[ _ | Stewart. " Tritium in Streams in the United Swer perch - X X States, 1961 1968," Rad. Health Data & Repts. Southern kingfish - X - 11: September 1970. Spot - X - Sand seatrout - X X MARSHLAND SAMPLING SITES: a o y,acooc4: Sample item Area A Area B Area C Water X X X , ,% Sediment X X X ennu c4=a6 oysters X X X p, Blue crabs X X X m a c"*''" 1 Mullet - X - .n .:Q l' Killifish (Fundelse sp.) - X - y c3 Sihrersides (Menidle sp.) X X - Spot (Lesselemus Xantbrus) - X - g X = sample collected ) d i .nf'.b ' .. M TABLE 1. MARINE AND MARSHLAND COLLECTIONS g p., g pga,,, FOR WINTER QUARTER,1971 .._. .. #@A!iYs#"n Figure 1. Marine and Marshland Sampling Areas .- 50 Slae after Maior dietary % Composition Amt. (g) of each Species X yr. (g or em) items . of diet item consumed /yr.: Calfinectes sapfdus 1 yr. = 45 g Detritus 26 year 1117 year 2-665 (Blue crab) 2 yr. - 300 g Microinvertebrates 52 234 1330 Macroinvertebrates 14 63 358 Crassostrea virginica 1 yr = 8.9 cm Phytoplankton 100 (Oyster) Penaeus duorarum 1 yr. = 24 g Vascular plants 20 year 1 48 (Pink shrimp) Detritus 58 139 Microinvertebrates 17 41 Sairdiella chrysura 1 yr. = 12 cm Zocplankton 24 (Silver perch) 2 yr. - 21 cm Macroinvertebrates 29 Fish 24 Cynoscion nebulosus 1 yr. = 185 g Macroinvertebrates 13 year 1240 year 2-364 (Spotted seatrout) 2 yr. = 465 g Fish 79 1460 2210 2210 Fundulus similus Detritus 80 (Killifish) Microinvertebrates 20 lagodon rhomboldes 1 yr. - 12.3 g Vascular plants 41 year 1 50 year 2172 (Pmfish) 2 yr. = 54.4 g Detritus 20 25 84 Crustaceans 27 33 114 Leiostomus xanthurus 1 yr. = 10 cm Detritus 34 (Spot) 2 yr. - 22 cm Crustaceans 36 Mo!!uses 18 Lutlanus griseus 6.2 cm/yr. Shrimp 63 (Gray snapper) Crabs 13 Fish 23 Menidla beryllina 1 yr. - 8.5 cm Detritus 14 (Silversides) Zooplankto i 7 Microinvertebrates 69 Micropogos undulatus 13.1 cm/yr. Annelids 62 (Croaker) Macroinvertebrates 14 Fish 16 Mugfl cephalus 1 yr. - 17.5 cm Detritus 100 (Mullet) 2 yr. = 25.8 cm Periphyton 1003 Pogonias cromis 1 yr. = 18 cm Macroinvertebrates 99 (Black drum) 2 yr. = 33 cm Sclaenops ocellata 1 yr. = 334 g Macroinvertebrates 63 year 12100 year 2 7460 (Redfish) 2 yr. = 1519 g Fish 17 570 2100 Menticirrhus americanus 1 yr. = 11 cm Juvenlies (2.8 5.8 cm) (Soutb3rn kingfish) 2 yr. - 17 cm Mysids 85 Fish 6 Sub-adults (713 cm) Shrimp and other crustaceans 60 Polychaets 20 Fish 20 Cynoscion arena.dus Not available. Juveniles (40-99 mm) (Sar.d seatrout) Have assumed Zooplankton 32 NOT CALCULATED FOR that growth rate Fish 54 JUVENILES similar to C. Detritus 9 nebufosus for Adults (100-225 mm) first 2 yrs. Fish 87 year 11610 year 2-2440 1 yr. = 185 g Detritus 8 148 224 2 yr. - 465 g Crustaceans 5 93 140 TABLE 2. GROWTH RATES AND FEEDING HABITS OF PERTINENT MARINE SPECIES IN THE AREAt 3 References not included at this time. < 2 Assuming conversion efficiency of 10%. **/ composition varies greatly with habitat. 51 Conc. in sea Predominant forms Probable phys cal state Element water (mg/L) (1.2) in S.W. (1.3.4.5.6) in sea water (*/ ) (7) lons Colloids Particles Rb 1.2 x 10-3 Rb+ @ 99% - - - RbSO4 @ 1*/. Sr 8 SrH @ 90% (95%) (a) 87 3 10 SrSO4 @ 10% (4.6%) (e) Sr(HCO3 )2 (0.4%) Y 3 x 10-4 - 0 4 96 Mo 1 x 10-2 (Complexes) 30 10 60 1 6 x 10 2 10 @ 50 % 90 8 2 1-3 @ 50 % Cs 5 x 10 4 Cs+ @ 99% 70 7 23 CsSO4 @ 1% Ba 3 x 10 2 bah f/3*A) (s) - - - BaSo4@ 10% (6.5%)(s) Ba(HCO3 )2 (0.2*/) La - 3 x 10-4 - - - - (1.2 x 10-5)3 Ce 4 x 10-4 - 2 4 94 (5.2 x 10 6): 1 Co 5 x 10-4 CoM @ 90% - - - (4 x 10-5) (to) CoSO4 @ 10% ) Cr 5 x 10 5 Cros - - - Complexes Mn 2 x 10-3 MnM - - - - MnSO4 Complexes Fe 1 x 10-2 Fe(OH)3 - - - Ferric-organo com- plexes in coastal waters Primarily particulate (9) Zr 2 x 10-1 - 1 3 96 H 108 x 103 water - - - TABLE 3. FORMS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF PERTINENT STABLE ELEMENTS IN SEA WATER I -- . , 52 e S B # E Sample j ] a 2Ca $3f Retained d E s %z . O2 Gamma .; s 3 2 >, ,~3 ~ z = c s: 2;g$ TABLE 4. STATUS TABLE OF MARSHLAND AND TERRESTRIAL SAMPLING _ _ __ 53 .I s. E *y E liiE * Sample $ ] ct j.Ca $3 E Retained E - 2 Gamma 4 j ea:3.Ew2 j p jj jjj( Scan i Name: 0 % N U J .g .E No. e gp [j; E Genus species y j j ! $ f oe By $ghj m vernacular o I wef( o'oCcF)n}.EJBody Tissue " ._CoEu h Wh l 29 Mergus serrator (7 f) Red-breasted Merganser 1/10/71 E Carnivore xxx x 5108 x 30 Colymbus auritus x Horned Grebe 1/10/71 E Carnivore xxx x x 31 Podilymbus podiceps Pie-billed Grebe 1/10/71 E Carnivore xxx x 32 Dasypus novemcinctus x Armadillo 1/10/71 R insectivore xxx x 33 Spartina alterniflora x x Spartina 1/19/71 L Producer xxx 506A x 34 Opuntia sp. x Prickly Pear Cactus 1/19/71 (H Producer xx 5088 x x 35 Juncus roemeranlus Black rush 1/19/71 L Producer xxx 507A x 36 Polynices duplicata Moon Snails 1/19/71 E Carnivore xx x 37 Polynices duplicata x (324) .t/19/71 E Carnivore xx x x x 37A Polynices duplicata 1/19/71 E Carnivore xx 38 Mergus serrator (f) Red-breasted Merganser 1/30/71 E Carnivore xxx x x 38A Mergus serrator (gut & stomach) (f) Red. breasted Merganser 1/30/71 E Carnivore xxx x x x x 39 Lophodytes cucullatus (f) Headed Merganser 1/30/71 E Omnivore xxx x x 39A Lophodytes cucullatus (f) Hooded M?rganser (gut & stomach) 1/30/71 E Omnivore xxx x x x x 40 Sesuvium portula. castrum Sea-purslanes 1/30/71 L Producer xx x x x 41 Suseda linearis Sea Blite 1/30/71 L Producer xx x x x 42 Basking Shark 12/17/7C M Carnivore xx 5118 x 43 Lophodytes cucullatus (f) Hooded Merganser 2/19/71 E Omnivore xxx x x 43A Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser (f) (gut & stomach) 2/19/71 E Omnivore xxx x x x- 44 Mergus serrator (f) Red breasted Merganser 2/19/71 E Carnivore xxx x x 44A Mergus serrator (f) Red-breasted Mergen. ser (gut & stomach) 2/19/71 E Carnivore xxx x x x 45 Sigmodon hispidus (13) Cotton Rats 2/18/71 R Omnivnre xxx x x 46 Peromyscus gossypinus Cotton Mouse (1 m) (1 f) 2/19/71 MH Granivore xx x x 47 Didelphis marsupialis Opossum (f) 2/19/71 R Omnivore xxx x x x 48 Dasypus novemcinctus (m) Armadillo 2/19/71 R Insectivore xxx x x x 49 Dasypus novemcinctus (m) Armadillo 2/19/71 R insectivore xxx x x x R - Ruderal 1 - Island L- Littoral E - Estuarine A - Freshwater aquatic M - Marine MH - Mesic hammock SM - Salt water marshland lH -Island hammock T-Terrestrial TABLE 4. STATUS TABLE OF MARSHLAN'1 AND TERRESTRIAL SAMPLING _ . - . 54 . 4 ? _ Molltenesta Shell & Gravel latipinna ) b_ Fundulus similis : Cyp rinodon variegatus :- Fish 7 , __ =- = _ :- '=" Crab Mergus I nternal s e rrato r parasltes _ (Red-breasted ~ Merganser) Plants D Feathers . FIGURE 2. Energy Networt Diagram for the Red Breasted Merganser The figure is a preliminary qualitative model of the art shown as a consumer population, in reality within feeding habits of 12 red-breasted mergansers based on the merganser, with a negative feedback operating in a stomach contentr Food sources are diagrammed as deleterious manner on the health and vigor of the ho' t. consumer populatons, a producer population and an This is shown with a minus sign in the workgate. Al- (organic) storage. Shell and gravel are consumed but not though this is an energy diagram, similar models can be digested, although they may be a surface carrier of some derived for matter, i.e., elements, with minor change. element or compound. Shell and gravel are illustrated as For the merganser we presently have sufficient data to a source operating a workgate in the sense that grinding quantify compartmeN tizes ant' transfer coefficients in material is roquired in the gizzard. Their presence are terms of calories. Element (stable and unstable) stor. shown as ha ving a positive influence. Intemal parasites ages and fluxes can be added as the values are obtained. > f _ ___ - a 55 Sample Description Activity (pCl/kg) Sand Pine Forest-(draughty impoverished soil) Saw Palmetto frond (fresh) 2.400 Saw Palmetto berries 6.875 4 Oak Shrub leaves (fresh) 2,600 Cladonia (lichen) 4,500 3 Mushroom Samples: dry, gill (37 gm) 8.900 moist, spongy (66 gm) 12,700 dry, meture (29 gm) 38,100 Soil 0-2 cm x 50 cm2 1,160 3 5 cm x 50 cm2 240 20-25 cm x 50 cm2 30 60-65 cm x 50 cm2 not detected Mixed Hardwood Forest Utter 1,750 Soil Organic hortron 1 cm x 50 cm2 3,225 0 2 cm x 50 cm2 . 375 15-17 cm x 50 cm2 not detected 30 32 cm x 50 cm2 not detected Cultivated Soil Next to Hardwood Stand 0-2 cm x 50 cm2 205 24 26 cm x 50 cm2 not detected TABLE 5. PRELIMINARY SUMMARY OF CESIUM 137 ACTIVITIES IN SELECTED MEDIA Site No. Tritium Concentretion pCl/mi 1 0.88 2 1.62 3 0.75 4 1.69 5 0.17 6 OJ1 7 0.63 - 8 0.34 9 void 10 032 TABLE 6. RESULTS OF TRITIUM NETWORK, FALL,1970 -t . 56 f . n " a y ---- % y % < # xQ @ M Figure 3. TLD Stations Minimum Detectable Minimum Detectable Standard (l) Peak Energy Span Peak Efficiency Background (4), cpm Activity, pCi Concentration (6) K40 1.23 to 1.58 5.770(2) 24.4 0.38(5) 0.11(7) Ra 226 1.66 to 1.87 0.0010(3) 12.0 700 200 Tho-232 0.87 to 0.98 0.0180 18.4 48 14 Cs.137 0.58 to 0.74 0.0363 41.9 36 10 Zr 93 0.74 to 0.80 0.0897 14.7 8.5 2.5 Ru 106 0.44 to 0.57 0.0117 48.6 120 34 l131 0.30 to 0.41 0.0681 57.7 22 6.3 Co 144 0.10 to o.20 0.0171 104.1 170 48 Zu-65 1.04 to 1.20 0.0186 22.1 el 17 Mn-54 0.79 to 0.89 0.0347 17.7 24 6.8 Ba.140 not received to date (1) includes daughter products,i.e. Ba 140, La-140 (2) com/ gram (3) all others epm /dpm (4) 3.5 fiter configuration (5) grams (6) based upon a 3.5 liter or 3.5 kilogram sample, pCl/l or pCl/kg (7) grams /1 or grams /kg TABLE 7. THEORETICAL MINIMUM DETECTABLE ACTIVITIES FOR COMPLEX GAMMA SPECTRA . ^ +- weeMt r DM p y . 57 V G Cross Flornia Barge Canal 13 I4 y 5 19 / 12 2 11 to e \ 7 - 1 , _ 6 $ Plant Access Road [ 5 Entrance and Guardtouse LA 5 ' F \ a 4 I L 4 f Scale. Feet N O Sb C BAA# / rystal River Figure 4. Tritium Network Descript8en 1 Deep well at entrance gate. 2 Eacavated take,1000 ft due north of entrance gate. 3 U.S. Geological Survey Salt Water intrusion Well, located by transmission tower CC9. 4 Swamp on the southeastern site boundary. 5 Cooling water intake. 6 Coofing water discharge. 7 Marsh run offinto discharge canal. 3 Marsh between intake and discharge canals. 9 Open water sample south of intake canal. 10 End of north bank of discharge canal. 11 End of south bank of dixharge canal. 12 Open water sample north of discharge canal. 13 Open water sample south of Cross Florida Barge Canal. 14 Marsh water sample halfway between discharge and Cross Florida Barge Canal. _ _ _ - ___ ,_____ . ______ , 58 Laboratory Date Size K(40K) 226Ra 232Th 137Cs Others Number Collected Locatic1 Descriction (kg) (g/kg) pC1/kg pCi/kgpCl/kg pCi/kg Comments 2001 8/17/70 Disch. cal. Sea water, heated 3.50' O.26 2 37z 144 144 effluent 0.14' 20' Ce Ce presence questionable 320* 110' 54Mn 15 2 10' 201I 8/26/70 Intakescreenwash 10 crabs,2 3* 3.40 0.62 2 11002 72 2 39 2 95 0.17 270 23 21 Zr suspected 2021 8/27/70 Rockycove" Many small fish, 3.40 1.92 10002 30m 33 2 95 seined 1.8 260 22 21 Zr .k* 2031 8/26/70 Cool?ngintake 5 fish," yellow 2.72 0.84 2 360z 95 Zr *. ails * 0.19 300 52 4 204l 8/27/70 Rockycove Mixed fish, shrimp 1.13 3.12 1100m & crabs 0.48 720 2051 8/27/70 Rockycove Marsh Grass (wet, 3.86 0.82 2 5602 22 2 95 drained) 0.14 220 19 Zr 15 3 2061 8/27/70 Wall,disch.cnl. Oysters,whole, 5.22 0.16 2 380 2 23 2 16 95 w/ barnacles 0.099 160 13 13 Zr 72 2 2071 8/27/70 Intake screen wash 22 crabs. s/z-4* 3.63 0.81 2 1300 2 75 2 0.16 260 22 2081 8/27/70 Bar,N.W.end Sediment 5.90 0.38 2 2900 2 84 2 95 106 disch. cnl. 0.12 220 16 Zr Ru quantity questionable 18 2 144 3 Ce quantity questionable 106 Ru 150 2 45 144Ce 660 2 110 2091 8/27/70 Disch.al. & Drum * Algae * seaweed 0.38 2 330 31 2 95 Island by trawl 3.85 0.14 220 18 Zr 42 3 2101 8/27/70 Disch.cnl. & Drum " Algae * leafy . 3.63 1.10 2 700 2 28 2 95 Island seaweed by trawl 0.16 240 20 Zr 92 3 2111 8/27/70 Rockycove Many small fish 2.72 1.89 z 980s 31 2 95 012 320 25 Zr 62 4 2121- 8/27/70 Rockycove 20 smallfish 1.13 0.53 2 410z One liter configuration 0.40 370 ' Size in liters results in pCl/l " Area between intake and discharge canals TABLE S. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM MARINE RECONNAISSANCE TRIPS - , -. . 59 Laboratory Date See K(801() 228Aa 217Th 117Cs Others Number Conected location Descriptron 0:1 fa kg) pCi tg pCi kg pCs tg pCa tg Comments 2141 Sil5 ??O Ares A 0tfshore water 29 0*C 3 53 0 23 : Depth 1.$ ft.. td reng Sahnity 22.8% 0 14 2151 , 9'15/70 Area 8 Offshore water 28 0*C 3 58 0242 Depth 2 0 ft. t de rising Sahanty 301% 0 14 2181 9 /15/ 70 kes C Offshore Water 28 6*C 3 48 0 22 Captn 2 0 ft, tide reat s .- Sahnity 14 5% 0.14 f: 2241 1'15/70 kes A 0ffshore Sediment (dried) 4 75 0.14 2 3900 m 58 : 95 0 15 280 20 Zr Note drwd samphpissults 15m in pCa. kg dry 3 144 106 Ce inantity questionable Ru 1902 54 144 Ce 1200 2 140 2208 9/15/70 AreaC0ffshore sediment 4 82 0 25 2 1200 64 : 95 144 2 210 17 Zr Ce quantdy questionable 19 2 3 106 Itu 170 2 46 131 1 14 2 13 144 Ce 1000m 110 2211 9/15/70 Area 8 0ffshore sediment 6.52 0402 25002 81 2 95 144 0.11 200 15 2r Ce quantity questionable 10 2 2 106 Ru 130 2 40 131 1 15 2 12 144 Ce 12002 100 2591 10/6/70 Area AOffshore Plankton (dry weight) 0.016 10.000 a 95 4200 2r Note: based on dry weight 750 2 No 40K 630 2601 10/6/70 Area 8 Offshore Plankton (dry weight) 0.082 7.02 !!00 2 95 6.0 800 Zr Note: based on dry weight 1602 120 262J 10/6/70 Area C 0ffshore Plankton 0.006 No radionuchdes identifiable Note: small semple sue 2551 10/6/70 Area A Offshore Algae 1.47 69 2 130 2 95 0.44 54 Zr 75 2 9 54 Mn 36 2 26 2411~ 10/6/70 Area 8 Offshore Algae (leathke 0 80 99 2 11002 210 2 95 65 with fruit) 0.77 1000 93 2r la presence questionable 58 2 15 65 Zn 1502 120 | 1 ; TABLE 9. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF MARINE SAMPLES, FALL 1970 l (Table continues on pages 60 through 62) ) - - . . ~~ .. v 60 - Laboratory Oate Sue It(soin 22sRa 232Th 137Cs Ottiers Number Collected location Description (kg) (g kg) pCi/kg DCv hg pCis tg pCa. ng Comments 254J 10/6/70 Area C 0ffshore A'gae (dry weight) 0 20 51 2 4400 2 560 2 95 3.2 4200 390 Zr Note: based on dry weistit 530s 85% moisture 68 106 Ru 16002 1000 54 Mn 2002 190 258) 10/6/70 Area A Offshore Grass 0.734 . p 95 472 15 2571 10/6/70 Area 8 0ffshore Grass 0.715 39 2 100s 95 0.74 95 Zr 42 2 15 106 Ru 260 2 250 2661 10/6/70 AreaC0ffshore Grass 0 08 68002 5500 248J 10/6MO Area A-Offshore Oysters 2.2 34 2 95 30 Zr Note:" absence"of potassem 92 5 144 Ca 220 s 180 253J 9/15n0 Area 8 0ffshore Oysters 2.13 0.30 2 450 95 0.24 390 2r 16 2 5 106 Ru 120m 85 252J 10/6n0 AreaCOffshore Oysters 1.8 0.44 2 44 2 95 0.28 38 Zr 92 6 267J 10/6n0 Area A-Offshore Shrimp 0.047 No radionuclules identifiable Note: smal: sample sue 226J 9/15n0 Aree 8 0ffshore Shrimp 0.60 e 106 106 32Cs 290 2611 10/6n0 AreaC-OffJuwe Shrimp 0.075 No radionuc! Hies identifiable Samp'e sue small 242J 10/6n0 Area A Offshore 18 blue crabs.1-6* 1.26 2.22 9402 200 2 144 0.43 450 67 Ce 280 2 270 246J 10/6n0 Area 8 0ffshore 15 blue crabs 1.64 1.82 980 2 65 s 54 54 0.33 520 44 Ms Mn presence questionable 30 2 21 244J 10/6MO Area C.0ffshore 12 blue crabs W7' 1.07 2.12 40 0.49 K only radionuclide identifiable 2361 10/6no Area Aoffshore 20 penfish,2 5' 1.79 2.52 66 2 0.31 4C j- . 235J 10/6n0 Area 8 0ffshore 50 pinfish,2.5' 1.61 2.52 40 0.34 K only radenuclide identifiable 10/6n0 Area C Offshore 15 pefish. 2.5" O.12 2 95 8$ 231J h 2r pr- paw 170s 106 83 Ru presence questionable 106 Ru 20001 1400 _ _ . . 61 lateratory Date %e K(8clo 226Ra tinh Il7Cs Others Num6er Cotierted tocation Descript.on na) fg ha) pCi hg pCs bg pCvkg pCa hp Comments 2291 9/15/70 Ares A 0ffshore Mullet. 6* 0 83 33 z 81 2 0 63 80 2381 10/6/70 Aree B 0ffshore 20 mullet. 7* 1.13 3.1 s 91 2 0.48 60 2331 10/6/70 AreaC0ffshore 30 munet. 4* 1.79 32 2 61 2 95 0.32 40 2r 82 6 65 2n 74 z 51 225J 9/15/70 Area 8 Offshore Menids 0.11 No radeonuchdes identifiable 228J 9/15/70 AreaC Offshore Many Menidia. 2* 0.5I 2.82 40 0.99 K only radionuchde identifiable 2301 10/6/70 Area A-Offshore 3 trout.10" 0.65 3.52 40 0.79 K only radeonuchde identifiable 2391 10/6/70 Area 8 Offshore 2 trout.14' O.48 3.12 40 1.1 K only radionuchde identifiable 2341 10/6/70 Area 8 Offshore 6 ladyfish.10* 1.04 3.9 s 40 0 52 K only raeonuchde eder.tifiable 2161 9/15/70 Area A Marshland water.30.t*C 3.48 0.21 2 Depth 3 5 ft tide risms sahnety 198% 0.14 2171 9/15/70 Area 8 MarsMand water.33 6*C 3.50 0.29 2 Depth 2 5 ft.. tide felims Sahnity 27.5% 0.14 2131 9/15/70 Area C.Marshland water 29.5*C 3.35 0.15 2 Depth 4 ft.. tule fallir g Sahnity 20.2% 0.14 219t 9/15/70 Ares A Marshland sedement 5.47 0.41s 1600m 82 2 95 106 0.12 200 16 Zr Ru quantity questionable 20m 144 3 Ce quantity questionable 106 Ru 220 s 45 144 Ca 9902 100 2231 9/15/70 Area 8 Marshiend sediment 6.16 0.29 * 1900 2 105 2 95 144 0.11 190 15 2r ce quantity questionable 10 2 2 106 Ru 132 2 41 131 1 16 z 12 144 Ce 1200 s 100 2231 9/15/70 Area 8 Marshland sediment (dried) 4.46 0.40 2 2300 s 140s 95 Note: dned sample results same matenal 0.15 260 21 2r in pCi, kg dry as 2234 16 2 144 3 Ce quantity questionable 106 131 Ru i no longer positne result 130 2 55 144 Ce 790 2 130 .Le e.. .. 62 taboratory Date 5.re K(acK) 726Ra 212Th 13/Cs Others Number Collected Locaten Description ang) (s 'hs) pCi. ng pC kg pCe tg pCo ng Commeets 2221 9/15/ 70 Area C Marshland sediment. >>w sohds, 1.28 28 2 95002 280 2 440 2 95 144 sample dried (dry) 0.54 920 73 84 tr ce quant.ty questiona0'e 2002 Note: figure on dry weight 14 basas 106 Approsimately same total pCi Ru as sample no. 2211 1700 2 210 131 1 92 2 59 144 Ce 5300 2 490 54 Mn 48 2 36 2491 10/6/70 Ares A Marshrand oysters 1.9 6602 36 2 95 Note:* absence"of potassium 440 35 Zr 82 5 106 Ru 120 2 92 2501 10/6/70 kva A Marshland 0ysters tedible 0 16 No radionuchdes identifiable portion of #2491) 2511 10/6/70 Area 8 Marshland Oysters 1.9 1100 2 95 450 Zr Note:" absence * of potassium 11 2 6 2541 10/6/70 Ares c uarshland Oysters (large) 1.81 0.33 670 2 95 028 460 Ir 12 s 6 243 Area A Marshrand 5 bive crabs,4 6* O 81 2.2 21900m 110 2 0 65 !!00 88 245) 10/6/70 Area 8 Marsh 10 blue crabs 0.96 1.72 9002 144 144 0.55 880 Ce Ce quantrty highly 10.000 2 questionable 480 24?! 10/6/70 Area C Marshland 12 blue crabs 1.33 2.02 1302 0.40 55 2401 10/6/70 Area A Marshland 3 mullet.13* 1.23 3.2 2 1500 95 2 0.46 690 58 2371 10/6/70 Area B Marsh 9 munet. 512" 1.26 2.6 2300 2 260m 65 0.46 740 63 In 1032 77 2651 10/6/70 Area C Marshland I mullet. 6' r111 No radionuclides identifiable 274K Area A Marshland Kilhfish 1 58 Computer error (all results 0) 2271 9/15/70 Area B Marshland 6 kdhfish. 4* 0.26 3.7 2 32002 95 95 1.9 3100 Zr Zr presence questionable 56 z 106 40 Rg presence questionable 106 Ru 1000 2 670 2641 10/6/70 Arsa c Marshland S hiihfish.5* 0 17 No radionuclidesidentifiable 273K Area A Marshland Menidia 0.42 3.8 z 40 12 K only radionuclide identifiable 269K Area B Marshfand Menidia 0 86 2.9 e 19002 0 63 980 270K A.es C Marshland Menidia 0.43 3.4 z 49002 1.2 2000 271K . Area A Marshland spotfish 0.51 . 3.22 40 0 99 K only radionuchde identsfiable 2321 10/6/70 Area 8 Marshland 15 spot. 4* 0 34 4.5 e 106 106 1.4 Ru Ru presence questionable 7302 510 2631 10/6/70 AreaC Marshland spotfish 0.22 J.9 z 270s 2.1 200 272K Area C Marsh!and lladyfish.10" 0.12 No radionuchdes identifiable Note: small sample sue 268K 10/29/70 Area 8 Marshland Spartsna marshgrass 0.92 4.42 95 0.59 Zr 2002 16 106 Ru 16002 230 * . * ' y y M'f*d- =te-$r. - -p 63 800 enc's;xe < i , | - . 64 3* T V) V' ; ? V'nT1 i in n i .- ! ! v d f[h3 SURVEILLANCE OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITE OF THE FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION, CRYSTAL RIVER SITE' STATE OF FLORIDA Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services . Dr. James A. Bax, Secretary Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Administrator Dr. Chester L Nayfield Radiological and Occupational Health Section Staff Wallace B. Johnson Benjamin P. Prewitt Jerry C. Eakins Robert G. Orth Paul E. Shuler M. Melinda Geda Lois F. Godwin ! .. . . . , 65 Radiological surveillance was continued around Type of Type of sample soil Florio'a Power Corporation's Crystal River plant Ana'ysis vegetation iter. UDS Water. DS site by the Division of Health during the first Gamma. pci/kg or L quarter of 1971. A total of seventy one samples ce 144 245 of all types was collected during the period. Ru 106 166 201 A considerable reorganization of the Division cs.137 128 384 of Health Crystal River surveillance program was accomptished during the period to provide a Ir-95 44 235 more efficient, organization for operations. The K-40 919 108 Radiological and Occupational Health Section gross alpha 3 7 1 30 personnel directly involved with this program pci/g or L were transferred to the Radiological Laboratory in Orlando, where they were combined with the gross beta 6 35 existing laboratory staff to form a Radiological pci/s Surveillance Project Organization. gross beta 1450 498 2 117 Field activity during the period involved de- ,g, ployment of five particulates in air samplers and five thermoluminescent dosimeters. The air Weight' 90 6 13 3 samplers were operated cor,tinuously as low- volurne (1 cfm) samplers with filters changed TABLE l. TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF THE DIFFERENCE pci/ Unit weekly. During this quarter, the most significant report of radiological content was the occurrence of 190 pCi/kg (wet weight) of Strontium 90 in oranges. Error in laboratory analysis was exempted when a quality control sample was Type of 3,;; Type of Sample independently analyzed and indicated a similar Analysis vegetation Water UDS Water, DS quantity of Strontium 90. The results of other ,;amma. pci/kg or t environmental samples measured for radiologi- ce-144 374 cal content will be included only semiannually Ru-106 249 in future reports. 331 Cs 137 The errors in the quality emtrol data for the 192 476 four quarters of 1970 have been calculated and zrs 73 2n K40 tabulated (Tables I and ll). These errors can be 1502 164 compared with the evaluation of the data for gross alpha 5 12 1 37 the first three quarters of last year (Environ- pci/g or t mental Status Report: July, August, September, | gross bets 8 1970). Table I contains the two standard devia. 50 < tions of the difference between the split samples pci/g ' { collected during all four quarters of last year. This data can be directly compared to the error " ' * * * ' ' data for the first three quarters. Table 11 contains PU'*8 ' ' the sum of the main difference plus two standard weight * 122 9 20 4 deviations of the difference. It may be noted that all of the quality control data for last year falls TABLE 11. TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF THE DIFFERENCE PLUS within the limits specified in Table 11 in the AVERAGE expected number of cases. 'For soil and vegetation this is the ratio of grams of ash weight to IAbstracted from the progress report January 1,1971 kilograms of wet weight. For Water, UDS. it is the milligrams per to March 31,1!,71. hter. For Water, DS, it is the grams per liter of dissolved solids. . t 66 . - - . - 67 s * A h | ' 9 i < n 3 e r7 i %)JiJ' %9i 1 J 6a ja v a ; i V .D Y ?' . Cd6|6 U|Dd! 0 SURVEILLANCE REPORT PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT George R. McCall Staff Mrs. Russell Hobbs The following data are a summary of air monitor- ing results and rainfall collections taken in St. Petersburg, Florida, for the first quarter of 1971. The approximate air volume on which the deter- minations are based was 2100 cubic meters for the 48 hour sampling periods and 3100 cubic meters for 72 hour periods. The counting equip- ment consists of a thin end window (2 mg/cm2) Geiger Mueller tube coupled with a Packard Mod. 410A scaler timer system. On each occasion, the instrument is standardized against a 32,000 pel Strontium 90 calibration source of dimensions identical to the air filters. . . - - . . - - - . - - - . . . 69 PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT RADIATION SURVEILLANCE QUARTERLY REPORT Jan.1 - Mar. 31,1971 . ~MTE AIR RA1AVALL REliARifS Gross Beta Activity (mm) (1971) (pC1/m3) 1/1 0.113 18.9 1/4 0.204 0 1/6 0.102 2.65 1/8 0.189 65.0 1/11 0.124 0 1/13 0.125 0 1/15 0.234 0 1/18 0.182 2.85 1/20 0.306 0- 1/22 0.258 0 1/25 0.315 0 1/27 0.156 0 1/29 0.427 0 2/1 0.257 2.65 2/3 0.306 0 2/5 0.266 0 2/8 0.055 7.88 2/10 0.237 22.80 2/12 0.257 0 2/15 0.208 16.05 2/17 0.41 0 2/19 0.454 0 2/22 0.392 0 2/24 0.327 0.989 2/26 0.433 0 3/1 0.248 0 3/3 0.458 0 3/5 0.3375 6.55 3/8 0.409 7.03 3/10 0444 0 3/12 0.576 0 3/15 0.35 2.55 3/17 0.285 3.45 3/19 0.551 0 3/22 0.553 0 3/24 0.57 0 3/26- 0.484 5.75 3/29 0.38 0 3/31 0.525 7.975 - Public Health Physicist. Division of Radiological and Occupational Health i March 31,1971 ! | - - - | , _ 70 . .n. -. .-- . . , , . - - - . 71 ! Enger~n'Xn l o7 72 8 a p 5 4 1 INVESTIGATION AT THE ANCLOTE POWER PLANT SITE University of South Florida, Marine Science institute Principal Investigator Dr. Harold J. Humm, Director, Marine Science institute Co. investigators Dr. Ronald C. Baird Dr. Kendall L Carder Dr. Thomas L. Hopkins Dr. Thomas E. Pyle Marine Science Institute Staff D. Wallace P. Archer J. Smyth V. Maynard L Wasiluk S. Franklin N. Smith Students D. Ballantyne B. Causey J. Davis W. Fable J. Feig! R. Gibson W.Gunn J. Johnson | R. Klausewitz ( J. McCarthy | D. MilliF.en K. Rolfes | j F. Schlemmer W. Weiss K. Wilson R. Zimmerman . . . - ...... 73 . INTRODUCTION B. PHYSICAL This summary represents an interim report out- Research in conjunction with Dr. B. E. Ross of lining the progress to date on the Anclote project. the Structures, Materials, and Fluids Department in general those objectives outlined in the Annual of the University of South Florida, was under- Report (Humm et al.,1971) continue to be guide- taken to adapt an existing numerical hydraulic lines for the project. model and construct a physical model in order The technical report concept was initiated to more completely model the Anclote Anchor- during the first quarter of 1971. In those in. age /St. Joseph Sound area. Current studies on stances where specific data for a particular need January 27, March 2 3, and March 13 as well as is required by Florida Power Corporation it has tidal height studies on March 2 3 and March 13 been the subject of a formal technical report. To were designed specifically to supply boundary date three technical reports have been submitted conditions and verifying Information for these and are listed under the individual sub discipline models. The numerical model has been run for involved. six and one half minutes of computer time simu- lating eighty minutes of real time, initial results INDIVIDUAL PROGRESS REPORTS appear very representative of the flow charac- teristics of the region. Some modifications will A. GEOdiY need to be made to better fit the model to actual cond:tions. Construction c' the physical model 1. Completed analyses of USC&GS survey data of the Anclote Anchorage /St. Joseph Sound area for the shoal area south of Anclote Key (Technical under the direction of Dr. Ross is partia!!y Report #4 by McCarthy and Pyle). e ampleted. 2. Obtained bathymetric and sub bottom data High winds caused partial mission aborts on along Anclote River and in Anclote Anchorage the first two attempts to measure tidal height during field tests of Raytheon RTT 1000 profiler, and tidal current boundary conditions. Finally 3. Arranged for demonstrations (at Anclote in on March 13, these parameters were measured late April) of two additional profiling systems across the northern and southern boundaries of manufactured by U Tech Inc. and by EPC Labs. the hydraulic model. 'ildal heights, currents, and 4. Continued to measure natural turbidity levels STD information were taken at each station on in Anclote area by means of towed transmisso- the northern boundary using a CM2 STD and a meter profiles and anchor stations. current vane. Tidal heights were ot,tained at 5. Examined the beaches of Anclote and nearby Marker #37 of the southern boundary using a Keys for evidence of beach erosion and fresh. tide pole mounted on the marker. The incoming water lenses. tidal height was monitored at a station approxi- 6. Begun investigations into the cost and effec. matelytwo miles due west of the centerof Anclote tiveness of remote sensing and buoy systems for Key using an OAR Wave Measuring System sen- Anclote. sor. This information was telemetered to a re- | 7. Beg a a small. scale program to measure ceiver set up in the base house at the Anclote l beach profiles at Anclote Key. River power plant sKe. On March 9.1971, current a id STD studies I were made at twelve stations la the eastern por- | tion of Anclote Anchorage between the Anclote River and a line from Bailey's Bluff to Marker #1. Thesa studies were made to obtain a more de- tailed picture of the currents found in the shallow waters near the proposed discharge canal under 1 Extracted from the progress report January 1,1971 to March 31,1971. the conditions of an ebbing carent. The studies . _ _ _ _ _. 74 were made in a small boat using a CMr STD and grasses: Thalassia, Syringodium, Diplanthera, a current vane. The current inforniation was the and Halophila, all of which are found in the An- subject of a separate technical report to Florida clote Anchorage. Seagrasses are collected by . Power Corporation. hand from six stations which correspond with During the first quarter of 1971, the follow- benthic invertebrate stations. Grasses are pre- ing types of data were collected on the physical served with 5% formalin and returned to the tab aspects of the Anclote River Project: for algal identification. The majority of time is spent identifying the epiphytes. So far 52 epi- Salinity - Temperature - Depth Studies: phytic species have bean identified: 23 Rhodo- January 26-27,1971 phyta,7 Chlorophyta,6 Phaeophyta, and 16 Cy- March 9,1971 anophyta(sensu Desikachary 1959). March 2 3,1971 Productivity experiments with grass blades have begun in an effort to establish the relation Current Studies: between grass and epiphytic productitivity. The January 26 27,1971 literature in this area is brief and contradictory. March 2 3,1971 Presently the light, dark bottle technique is being used. Dry weights are being made of tested a 1 (" maten_al. Tidal Height Studies: S me benthic invertebrate plug samples March 2,1971 have been used to calculate grass dens,ities. The March 13,1971 number of branches per sample, number of blades per branch, condition of leaves, and blade Numerical Hydraulic Model measurements are being made. In addition some Physical Hydraulic Model dry weights of grasses will be made. Plug samples dating back to summer 1970 will be C. WATER QUALITY - PLANKTON examined. This will continue with Shipeck grabs as the sampling program progresses. The water quality study of the Anclnte area has been expanded from 13 to 33 stations which are 2. Bacteriology sampled on a monthly basis. Also, total dissolved Personnel are continuing to monitor the lower organic carbon and dissolved oxygen have been Anclote River for coliform bacteria, and are at added to the chemical parameters being routine- present studying the effect of tidal fluctuations ly assayed, on the distribution of the organisms above and Plankton samples are being collected at 14 be:ow the sewage treatment plant. The data sug- of tha water quality stations and a systematic gest an interesting flushing phenomenon occur- analysis of the principal species is in progress. ring just above the U.S.19 bridge. Additional Primary productivity studies are continuing investigation in this area is planned. on a monthly basis and we are in the process of A considerable arnount of work has been converting from the Winkler dissolved oxygen done with the luminescent marine bacteria occur- titration to the liquid scintillation CH method of ring naturally in the waters of the Anchorage and measuring primary production. adjacent Gulf. Salinity tolerances as low as 5 have been observed under laboratory conditions. D. SEAGRASSES, ALGAE AND BACTERIOLOGY With increasing water temperatures a two- fold increase in the number of luminescent bac- 1. Seagrasses and algae: teria isolated from the Anchorage has been The emphasis of this aspect of the Anclote study observed. In addition, a precumed " summer" has been placed on the algal epiphytes of sea. species that disappeared in early November has grasses. Epiphytes are being studied on four again appeared in the area. -- .. --. .- _ __ ._ _ 75 The work, at present, is primarily concerned centration, current and sedirnent characteristics. with the distribution of these marine bacteria as a function of the degree of mixing of river water Sampling Method: Shipeck Bottom Grab with Gulf water. A 24 hour survey with the objective of ascer. Objective: To quantify insediment fauna and cer. taining the influence of tides on the distribution tain episediment forms (e.g. epizoics attached to of luminescent bacteria has been completed. seagrasses). E. BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES Field Technique: Initially, take % of each Shipeck grab used in geological sampling of Procedures and objectives were formalized for bottom sediments. Divide each % sample into the seasonal sampling program. Actual sampling the following subsamples units: was begun in January at stations determined a. Grass blades emergent and above the through a pruious preliminary survey (Anclote sediment, for epizoics. Environmental Report,1970). Sampling will con. b. Top 1 cm of sediment, for surface and tinue as set forth in the following outline for the near surface fauna. Wash through 0.5 mm sieve. duration of the program. c. Remaining 9 cm of sediment, for infauna. Wash through 0.5 mm sieve. 1. Sampling Method: Benthic Trawl Tne Shipeck will continue as the major bottom grab used in repetitive, periodic sampling Objective: To quantify concentrations of certain at permanent stations. orga nisms (crabs, shrimp, urchins, molluscs and small fish) living on the bottom within a zone Sampling Interval: Four months between the sediment surface and % meter above the sediment surface. Lab Technique: Count and sort individuals of each component of each sample. Obtain biomass Field Technique: Take paired samples with a (dry wt.) data for each species in a portion of bottom trawl havlag a mouth opening of 1 by % the samples. meter and a bag mesh of % inch. Day and night trawls are taken at 12 stations. Each trawl is Data Treatment: Computerize data. Correlate di- pulled over a distance of 15 meters. versity and biomass data with sediment charac- teristics and general bottom type. Monitor Sampling Interval: Two months variance in species diversity and biomass with changes in the physical environment. Lab Technique: Sort and count individuals of each species from each trawl. Obtain size class 2. In addition to initiation of the regular system. and dry weight information for the most atic sampling procedures, a technical report abu.ndant species. was prepared for Florida Power Corporation con- cerning the benthic environment in an area south Data Treatment: Transfer all data to computer of Anclote Key proposed as a spoil island site. cards. Program the computer to give diversity The results of this report are contained in and seasonality of each station. Test for dif. Tec'mical Report #2 to FPC. ferences between trawling stations and paired , samples. Compute seasonal size class and bio- 3. The following dissertation problem (for Roger | mass changes in populations of the more J. Zimmerman) is also being developed as part of ' abundant species encountered. Correlata popu. the Anclote Environmental Study. Tne problem is ! lational variations with physical parameters, under the direction and supervision of Dr. David ! tempercture, salinity, water depth, oxygen con. K. Young, University of South Florida. ! ,u - . 1 76 A COMPARISON OF F. FISHES SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES Three major pieces of gear have recently been The overall purpose of the study is to establish a obtained allowing expansion of the multiple gear generalized community scheme which will be sampling program. Collections are being made in generally applicable to seagrass communities. coordir.ation with the invertebrate program. This Hopefully, this description, using species di- provides comparative data on population para- versity, biomass, and energy (calories) of the meters and changes, and minimizes effects of standing crop will be useful in evaluating this sampling bias. portion of our marine environment. A quarterly sample, using a Fyke net in Four species of seagrasses will be examined enclosed shore areas and a 10 meter square in regard to community structure. They are Syrin- quadrat enclosure with rotenone for open areas, dodium, Thalassia, Diplanthera and Zostera. The will provide base line data for comparison with study will be conducted according to the follow- regular monthly samples. Designated areas will irg brief outline: be blocked off and the entire fish fauna in the area collected and returned to the lab for analy- 1. Select grass beds in pure stands for sampling sis. This technique provides a standard by which from these regions. to evaluate the data obtained from the more a. Florida West Coast, Anclote Key area for behaviorally dependent methods and will aid in sampling seagrass communities of Syringodium, determining gear bias. Thalassia, and Diplanthera. The monthly program consists of sampling b. Texas Gulf Coast, Aransas Bay area for regular stations with a combination of gear. The sampling Syringodium, Thalassia, and Diplan- present inventory applied to this part of the thera. program includes: c. Atlantic Coast, Long Island Bays for 2150' bag seines sampling of Zostera. 175' beach seine 120' minnow seine 2. A meter square will be sampled from each 210' otter trawls community at each location. The meter square 16' beam trawl will be constructed from a composite of 25 1300' Trammel net bottom grabs. 1 Fyke net Rotenone 3. Samples will be taken at each iocality once, The majoreffort of this quarter has been logistic. during the presumed height of the growing The necessary ground work has been laid to season. facilitate evaluation of data soon after it is pro- duced. Fish data are being recorded on specially 4. Determinations will be made for: developed forms and work is procseding on the a. Biomass and density of the grass. codes, format and programs necessary for b. Species diversity and biomass of epi. computer processing of data. phytes and epizoics. c. Species diversity and biomass of sedi- ment infauna and epifauna. d. Energy available (1) Grass and epiphytes (2) Epizoics (3) Episediment fauna '(4) Insediment fauna : | 1 i - - . . . - -- ., , . _ . 77 i8 8f Ia jj u s ^1 , 1 ! s 'r'if, q 3 5, , . rd g ) r : , ' v ; < 9. 4 .- . P- \-?.a e. S i t a 1: m i s ,, , 3.qi e $ be $ V kn$ ' b * k V < r _ . 78 FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT DISTRIBUTION LIST , STATE GOVERNMENT Dr. C. L Nayfield. Administrator Radioiogical and Occupational Health Service Mr. William Beck, Jr. Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Chief Biologist P. O. Box 210 Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Department o' Health and Rehabilitative Services P. O. Box 21G Mr. Vincent D. Patton Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Executive Director Department of Air nnd Water Pollution Control Mr. Sidney A. Berkowitz, Director Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Bureau of Sanitary Engineering 315 South Calhoun Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Tallahassee, Florida 32303 P. O. Box 210 Jackr.onville, Florida 32201 Mr. Nathaniel P. Reed, Chairman Department of Air and Water I-ollution Control Mr. D. A. Brown Governor's Office Department of Florida Air and Water Capitol Building Po!!ution Control Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Suite 400, Tallahassee Bank Building 315 South Calhoun Street Mr. David H. Scott Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Chief Bureau of Permits Department of Air and Water Po!!utior' Control Dr. O. E. Frye, J6., Director Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission 315 South Calhoun Farris Bryant Building Tallahassee, Florida 32303 620 South Meridian Street Tallahassee. Florida 32304 Mr. K. K. Huffstutler Chief, Bureau of Surveillance Mr. Churchill Grimes Project Leader Department of Air and Water Po!!ution Control Crystal River Marine Research Laboratory Suite 300. Ta!!ahassee Building Degartment of Natural Resources 315 South Calhoun P. O. Box 276 Tallahassee, Florida 3230? Crystal River, Florld2 32629 Representative A. S. " Jim" Robinson Mr. Randolph Hodges Florida House of Representatives Executive Director 1600 Park Street North Department of Natural Resources St. Petersburg, Florida 33710 Larson Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Senator Jerry Thomas First Marine Bank and Trust Company Mr. Robert M. Ingfe, Director Riviera Beach, Florida 33404 Bureau of Marine Research and Technology Division of Marine Resources Mr. Allen Burdett Department of Natural Resources Marine Biologist Larson Building Survey and Management Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Department of Natural Resources 7227 Central Avenue Mr. Wallace P. Johnson St. Petersburg, Florida 33710 Division of Health Department of Health and RehabMitative Services Mr. Larry R. Shanks P. O. Box 210 Division of Game and Fresh Water Fish Jacksonvine, Florida 32201 Department of Natural Resources P. O. Box 1840 Mr. Edwin A. Joyce, Assistant Director Vero Beach, Florida 32960 , Marine Research Laboratory ' Bureau of Marine Research and Technology Mr. W. E. Unne Division of Marine Resources Regional Engineer Department of Natural Resources Department of Air and Water Pollution Control | P. O. Drawer F P. O. Box 10396 ' St. Petersburg, Florida 33731 Jacksonville, Florida 32207 r m i an.=. _ eggy a m us,w 6 m.gw e h = 4 h. . 79 . . Mr. R. Maloy Senator Richard J. Deeb Regional Engineer 5675 - 5th Avenue North Department of Air and Water Pollution Control St. Petersburg, Florida 33710 618 East South Street Summerlin Center Suite 3 Senator John T. Ware Orfando, Florida 32801 Security Federal Building 2600 9th Street North Mr. Dale Walker St. Petersburg, Florida 33704 Fishery Biologist Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission Senator Harold S. Wilson P. O. Box 1840 607 Court Street Vero Oeach, Florida 32960 Clearwater, Florida 33516 Mr. Phil Edwards. Chemist Representative Jack Murphy Fisheries Research Laboratory P. O. Box 4239 P. O. Box 1903 Clearwater, Florida 33518 Eustis, Florida 32726 Representative John J. Savage Mr. James K. Lewis P. O. Box 8063 Director of Staff St. Petersburg, Florida 33738 Environmental Pollution Control Committee House of Representatives Representative Roger H. Wilson Room 217. Holland Building 17 37th Street South Tallahassee, Florida 32304 St. Petersburg, Florida 33711 , ' Senator Ray C. Knopke Representative Donald R. Crane, Jr. 4207 E. Lake Avenue Suite 112,3500 Building Tampa, Florida 33610 3530 First Avenue North * * Senator W. D. Childers P. O. Box 3327 Representative Dennis Mcdonald Pensacola, Florida 32506 Suite 636 300-31st Street North Senator Warren S. Henderson St. Petersburg, Florida 33713 P. O. Box 3888 Sarasota, Florida 33578 Representative William H. Fleece P. O. Box 13209 Senator W. E. Bishop St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 28 East Duval Street Lake City, Florida 32055 Representative Guy Spicola 725 E. Kennedy Boulevard Senator C. Welborn Daniel Tampa, Florida 33602 P. O. Drawer 189 Clermont, Florida 32711 Representative Robert C. Hector 110 N.E.179th Street Senator John L Ducker Miami, Florida 33162 205 East Jackson Street Orlando, Florida 32801 Representative Joseph F. Chapman, Ill 412 Magnolia Avenue Senator Bob Saunders Panama City, Florida 32401 P. O. Box 849 Gainesville, Florida 32601 Representative Jack Burke, Jr. P. O. Box 697 Senator D. Robert Graham Perry, Florida 32347 14045 N.W. 67th Avenue Miami Lakes, Florida 33014 Representative John R. Forbes 341 E. Bay S*reet | Jacksonville, Florida 32202 | Senator Frederick B. Karl | 501 North Grandview , i Daytona Beach, Florida 32020 Representative Harry Westberry P. O. Box 1620 Senator Lew Brantley Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Brantley Sheet Metal Company 422 Copeland Street Representative Ray Mattox Jacksonville, Florida 32204 - P. O. Box 917 Winter Haven, Florida 33881 Senator Edmond J. Gong 1117 First National Bank Building Representative Edward J. Trombetta Miami, Florida 33131 1990 E. Sunrise Boulevard | Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304 | Senator Henry B. Saylor 333 31st Street North Representative Walter W. Sackett, Jr. St. Petersburg, Florida 33713 2500 Coral Way Miami, Florida 33145 . e . . . ..- .._ _ ~ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ d 80 - , ! Representative Tom Tobiassen Mr. Ney Landrum. Director Recreation and Parks ; I ' 811 Woodbine Drive Pensacola, Florida 32503 Room 613, Larson Building i Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Representative Lewis S. Earle a 255 N. Lakemont Avenue Mr. Fred Vidzes Interim Executive Director i - Winter Park, Florida 32789 Board of Trustees liF | | Elliott Building ' Representative Mary R. Grizzle 401 S. Monroe Room 505 Coachman Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 , 503 Cleveland Street 1 Clearwater, Florida 33515 Mr. James Apthorp i Senior Executive Assistant to Governor ; Representative Ed S. Whitson, Jr. The Capitol 309 S. Garden Avenue Tallahassee, Florida 32304 i. Clearwater, Florida 33516 Mr. Joe Quick | - Representative F. Eugene Tubbs Marine Research Laboratory 1 925 Barton Boulevard Bureau of Marine Research and Technology Suite 1 - . Division of Marine Resources Rockledge, Florida 32952 Department of Natural Resources P. O. Drawer F 3 Representative Joel K. Gustafson . St. Petersburg, Florida 33731 1636 S.E.12th Court Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316 Mr. Giles L Evans, Jr., Manager . The Canal Authority of the State of Florida Representative Tommy Stevens - 803 Rosselle Street 405 E. Church Avenue Jacksonville, Florida 32204 Dade City, rlorida 33525 Mr. R. E. McNeill i. Representative John R. Culbreath Regional Engineer - Route 4 Box 70 Florida Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Brooksville, Florida 33512 P. O. Box 944 Representative Richard S. Hodes * * 620 Stovall Building 305 Mo an Street FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Tampa, orida 33602 Commissioner ! Fish and Wildlife Service 1 Representative Ted Randell Environmental Prctection Agency - M as npn, D. C. 20240 rs, orida 33902 Regional Directer Representative A. H. "Gus" Craig National Marine Fisheries Services P. O. Drawer 99 Federal Building St. Augustine, Florida 32084 7 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 R Wi W. E. Fulford Mr. C. Edward Carlson O'rlando, Florida 32o02 "*I D t ,g Fisheries and Wildlife n h A* E h7gy, tat'"'em ld Pe tree-Seventh Building Miami, Florida 33131 Adanta, Georgia 30323 ; I Mr. Dale Twechtmann, Executive Director Mr. David Dominick Governing Board of the Commissioner, Federal Water Quality Administration Southwest Florida Water Management District Environmental Protection Agency ' P. O. Box 457 633 Indiana Avenue N.W. Brooksville, Florida 33512 Washington, D. C. 20240 Mr. Harmon Shields . Mr. W. S. Eisenberg, Jr., Chief * Director, Marine Resources Navigation Section, Engineering Division Department of Natural Resources U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville Room 526, Larson Build!ng P. O. Box 4970 Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Mr. J. V. Sollohub, Director Colonel Avery S. Fullerton, Chief 4 Division of Interior Resources U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville Larson Building P. O. Box 4970 ~ Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 , r 4 ,, A w y. . 4.} sw_... ., ., Dr. Raymond E. Johnson, Assistant Director Mr. Ronald L Estes Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Federal Water Quality Administration U. S. Department of Interior Southeast Water Laborat6ry Washington, D. C. 20240 Athens, Georgia 30601 Mr. Gordon E. Kerr Mr. Parker E. Miller Executive Secretary President's Water Pollution Control Advisory Board Federal Water Pollution Control Advisory Board 301 Redington Reef Department of the Interior 16400 Gulf Boulevard Washington, D. C. 20240 * Redington Beach, Florida 33708 Mr. Reinhold W. Thieme Mr. James E. Sykes, Director | Office of Assistant Administrator for Biological Laboratory i Standards and Enforcement and General Counsel National Marine Fisheries Services i Environmental Protection Agency 75 33 Avenue ' Washington, D. C. 20460 St. Pefersburg Beach, Florida 33706 Mr. A. L. McKnight Mr. Harold L Price Chief of Operations Director of Regulations U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville | United States Atomic Energy Commission 1 P. O. Box 4070 Washington, D. C. 20545 Jacksonville, Flor;da 32201 Director Nuclear Facilities Branch Division of Reactor Licensing Division of Environmental Radiation United States Atomic Energy Commission U. S. Public Health Service Washington, D. C. 20545 1901 Chapman Avenue Rockvi!Ie, Maryland 20853 Mr. Roy B. Snapp Attorney at Law Mr. Roger O. Olmstead Bechoefer, Snapp & Trippe Regional Shellfish Consultant Suite 512 PHS-FDA-Shellfish Sanitation Branch 1725 K Street N.W. | 60 Eighth Street Norttieast Washington, D. C. 20006 ) Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Dr. Joseph A. Lieberman Mr. H. Richard Payne Commissioner, Radiation Office Radiological Health Representative U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Control Administration Washington, D. C. 20204 Bureau of Radiological Health DHEW, Region IV, Room 404 Mr. John T. Middleton 50 Seventh Street, N.E. Air Pollution Control Office Atlanta, Georgia 30323 U. S. Environmental Protective Agency Washington, D. C. 20204 Mr. Stan Reither ADXP Armament Development and Test Center U. S. Representative C. W. " Bill" Young Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542 1721 Longworth House Office Building Washington, D. C. 20515 Dr. Theodore R. Rice, Director Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research U. S. Senator Lawton Chiles National Marine Fisheries Service Senate Office Building Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 Washington, D. C. 20510 Dr. S. Fred Singer Deputy Assistant Secretary CITY AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS Department of the Interior Honorable George C. Tsourakis Washington, D. C. 20240 Mayor City of Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Mr. J. R. Thoman Director, Southeast Reg %n Honorable Leonard A. Damron Federal Water Qual:ty Administratic1 Mayor Environmenta; Protection Agency City of Crystal River, Florida 32629 Suite 300 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E. Chairman, Citrus County Commissioners Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Courthouse Square inverness, Florida 32650 Mr. J. E. Burgess Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Chairman, Pirellas County Commissioners U. S. Department of the interior County Office Building 1031 Miracle Mile 315 Haven Street Vero Beach, Florida 32960 Clearwater, Florida 33516 | 1 | .- 82 Chairman, Pasco County Commissioners Dr. Kendall L Carder Caunty Courthouse Marine Science institute 14 East Meridian Avenue Dade City, Florida 33525 Dr. Thomas L Hopkins Marine Science Institute Honorable William F. Gray Mayor Dr. Harold J. Humm, Director New Port Richey Marine Science Institute 117 West Main Street New Port Richey, Florida 33552 Dr. Thomas E. Pyle Marine Science Institute Honorable John H. Durney Mayor Mr. Dave Wallace Port Richey Marine Science Institute P. O. Box 127 Port Richey, Florida 33568 Honorable Everett Houger KEY BISCAYNE, FLORIDA 33149 'YO' Dr. Donald P. de Sylva ty f earwater Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science P. O. Box 4748 Clearwater, Florida 33518 nR* (,,M ehool of Marine and Atmospheric Scier.ce M ' U Hes' tP s c'is Mr. Art Marshall Pinellas County Health Department Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science $ P. O. Box 3242 St. Petersburg, Florida 33731 he (f 3,J nt I hog | of Marine and Atmospheric Science UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Dr. Harding B. Owre GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA 32601 Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Department of Environmental Engineering FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA 32306 Dr. William E. Carr Department of Biology Dr Paul A. LaRock Department of Oceanography Dr. Richard E. Englehart Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences r r Sh rl,eYEn T n Dr. Charles E. Roessler Department of Radiology Dr. Robert J. Livingston University of Florida Medical Center Department of Biological Sciences Dr. Morten Smutz, Dean of Research Ant Llewellyn College of Engineering School of Engineering Sciences Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Department of Environmental Engineering PRESS | Dr. Robert E. Uhrig. Dean , College of Engineering Mr. Thad Lowry Radio Station WGUL ! New Port Richey, Florida 33552 | Dr. M. J. Ohanian j Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences i Mr. Jim Ryan | Dr. E. E. Pyatt St. Petersburg Times Box 1121 Department of Environmental Engineering St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 | Dr. Howr rd T. Odum Mr. James Walker ) Departm nt of Environmental Engineering Staff Writer , i Tampa Tribune Dr. O. l. Eigerd 507 East Kennedy Boulevard i Department of Electrical Eng aeering Tampa, Florida 33601 | | UNIVERSITY OF SOIJTH FLORIDA Mr. J. L Beardsley ! .ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33701 y[arwater Sun Dr. Ronald C. Baird 301 South Myrtle Avenue Marine Science Institute Clearwater, Florida 33517 l , ___. ~.n- -- * ~ ' 83 Mr. George Bopp, Gene Manager Mr. Stan Lewis New Port Richey Press District Manager 117 Missouri Avenue General Telephone Company New Port Richey, Florida 33552 Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 New Port Richey Chronical Mr. E. L Addison General Manager Vice President P. O. Box 875 Gulf Power Company New Port Richey, Florlds 33552 P. O. Box 1151 Pensacola, Florida 32505 Tarpon Springs Leader Mr. David Carpenter, Publisher - Dr. J. H. Wright. Director 11 East Orange Street Environmental Systems Department Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Westinghouse Electric Corporation-Power Systems P. O. Box 355 Suncoast Sentinel Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Mr. Wilram H. Dyer, Publisher Crysta'. River, Florida 32629 Dr. R. H. Brooks, Manager Aquatic Systems Group Citrus County Chronical - Westinghouse Electric Corporation Mr. David Arthurs, Editor Power Systems inverness, Florida 32650 P. O. Box 355 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Tarpon Springs Herald Mr. George Raynard, Publisher Mr. J. H. Gibbons. Director 27 East Orange Street Environmental Quality Study Project Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Oa.. Ridge National Laboratory Union Carbide Corporation INDUSTRY Nuclear Division ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS INCORPORATED hafR ge Tennessee 37830 BOX 12248, ST. PETERS 8URG, FLORIDA 33733 Mr. D. C. Zensen Mr. Donald C. Colbert Assistant to Vice President and Mcnager Space Instrumentation Director New Venture Management Ralston Purina Company Mr. Paul G. Hansel Vice President Checkerboard Square Research and Engineering St. Louis, Missouri 63199 Mr. H. A. Wilkes Dr. T. E. Owen, Manager | Requirement Manager Earth Science Applications i Department of Electronic Systems Research 1 Mr. K. L Carlson Southwest Research Institute Assistant Vice President for Domestic Requirements | 850 Culebra Road I San Antonio, Texas 78228 I Mr. M. S. Klein ! Vice President, Marketing Mr. Walter M. Stevens I Georgia Power Company | |NDUSTRY 270 Peachtree Street ! Atlanta, Georgia 30303 ' Mr. R. J. Gardner Executive Assistant Mr. W. L Reed Vice President Florida Power & Light Company Southern Services, Inc. P. O. Box 3100 Birmingham, Alabama 35226 Miami, Florida 33101 Mr. G. J. Neumaier, President Dr. Perry W. Gilbert Ecology and Environment, Inc. | Executive Director 1122 Union Road ' Mote Marine Laboratory West Seneca Road 9501 Blind Pass Road West Seneca, New York 14224 Sarasota, Florida 33578 Mr. Charles L Steel Dr. Morton I. Goldman Director of Public Affairs Vice President, NUS Corporation Arkansas Power & Light Company 2351 Research Doulevard Little Rock, Arkansas 72203 Rockville, Maryland 20850 I | Mr. Ray L Lyerty | Mr. J. D. Hicks, Vice President Southern Nuclear Engineering, Inc. ' Tamoa Electric Company P. O. Ecx 10 , P. O. Box 111 Dunedin, Florida 36628 Tampa, Florida 33601 | l ~ . . 84 ' INDIVIDUALS Mr. C. R. Collins Division Manager Mr. John Bankston, Executive Secretary Suncoast Division Suncoast Active Volunteers for Ecology P. O. Box 4881 Mr. E. E. Dearmin Clearwater, Florida 33518 Division Manager Central Division Mrs. Harold Dubendorff, President Ocala, Florida Suncoast Active Volunteers for Ecology P. O. Box 4881 Mr. H. E. Dunphy Clearwater, Florida 33518 Executive Assistant for Public Affa!rs Mrs. Marty Farman Mr. K. E. Fenderson, Jr. Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Seminar Director of Advertising & Publicity 1965 Sunset Point Road Clearwater, Florida 33515 Mr. D. I. Flynn Mr. Lyman E. Rogers Conservation 70's Mr. John Gleason c/o Rogers Sharpe Associates Vice President, Customer Operations P. O. Box 421 Ocala, Florida 32670 Mr. B. L Griffin Director of Division Operations Mr. R. P. Bender /Mr. D. L Payne St. Petersburg, Florida State of Texas Water Quality Board 3801 la rb" Road Mr. H. F. Hebb, Jr. Houstoso Lxas 77006 Vice President-System Engineering Dr. John riopkins Mr. A.' drew H. Hines, Jr. University of West Florida Pensacola, Florida 32504 Executive Vice President Mr. L D. Hurley Mr. Milo A. Churchill, Chief District Manager Water Quality Branch Inverness, Florida Tennessee Valley Authority Chattanooga, Tennessee 37402 Mr. W. C. Johnson Public Information Officer Dr. Joseph A. Mihursky Natural Resources Institute Mr. N. G. Karay University of Maryfand District Manager Hallowing Point Field Station, Maryland Tarpon Springs, Florida Dr. B. J. Copeland Mr. G. W. Marshall Department of Zoology Production Superintendent North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27504 Mr. H. E. Milton District Manager Dr. E. Gus Fruh New Port Richey, Florida Assistant Professor Engineering Laboratory, Building 305 University of Texas Mr. A. J. Ormston Austin, Texas 78701 Vice President-Power Mr. P. J. Purcell Mr. A. P. Perez Marine Science Station President P. O. Box 1258 Crystal River, Florida 32629 $,f-,tnc't M'a r FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION St. Petersburg, Florida P. O. BOX 14042 ~ Mr. R. E. Raymond ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33733 Senior Vice President ystem nEineenns & Operations Mr. S. A. Bran'd imore General Counsel Mr. J. T. Rodgers Nuclear Project Manager and " nag's o Power Construction Director-Power Engineering and Construction Mr. R. L Sirmons , Dr. H. W. Carter D;.ector-Public Affairs 1 Chief Medical Officer 'l ' Mr. O. H. Ware < Mr. 3. R. Coley General Superintendent-Crystaf River Plant Distrtet Manager J Clearwater, Florida . _ adh 1.3 " " " ' G = ExtremeyStable 'p "* 1.3 would transport radioadive releases to popu-