Review Sheet 3 – GHY 1011 – Global Climate Change Know the definition and broader significance of the following terms:
paleoclimatology o frost days proxy measures of climate o heat waves how are proxy data used to reconstruct o growing season duration climate? Extreme events limitations and strengths of large-scale Are tropical cyclones getting stronger? climate reconstructions? Changes in extreme events since 1900 climate signals preserved in ice cores o Globally measured properties from polar ice cores o Regionally . annual accumulation o Temporal patterns . atmospheric chemistry Tropical cyclone frequency and North . atmospheric turbidity Carolina . atmospheric temperature (δ18O) Tropical cyclones and global warming naturally occurring stable oxygen isotopes o basic theory and modeling δ18O-climate relationship o observations o polar regions tropical cyclone trends o tropics o frequency Quelccaya Icecap o intensity(Power Dissipation Index Meteorological vs. geological perspectives o destructiveness on ice core annual layers o attribution Laser ICP-MS: Inductively Coupled Plasma Kerry Emanuel Mass Spectrometry Roger PIelke, Jr. Little Ice Age & Medieval Warm Period Christopher Landsea sunspot activity and climate Attribution of extreme events Maunder Minimum changes in large-scale precipitation trends Uncertainties in solar forcing spatial patterns of precipitation trends Volcanoes and climate changes in snowfall Sulfate aerosols Lake Effect Snowfall Tambora ocean precipitation Year without a Summer – 1816 drought changes and evapotranspiration Global Climate Models (GCMs) types of drought o Definition, schematic o agricultural representations o meteorological Modeling process o hydrological Parameterization Climate surprises Improvements in climate modeling since Abrupt climate change 1970s Climate forcing Reliability of GCMs? Climate response Chaos theory Climate tipping point Atmospheric lifetime Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Climate sensitivity Conceptual model of thermohaline Global temperature projections circulation o by latitude Abrupt climate change in the North Atlantic o land vs. water Observed current changes in salinity of Multi-model mean changes by 2080-2099: North Atlantic spatial patterns Temperature trends and projections in North o precipitation Carolina o sea ice Precipitation trends and projections in North o ocean pH Carolina Model projection of weather extremes Sea level rise in North Carolina o precipitation intensity Snowfall and snow depth trends and o dry days projections in North Carolina