Notes on Some Oriental Species of the Genus Dysdercus Guérin Ménéville, 1831 (Pyrrhocoridae, Heteroptera)

ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 91: 53–60, 2006

Notes on some Oriental species of the genus Dysdercus Guérin Ménéville, 1831 (Pyrrhocoridae, Heteroptera)

JAROSLAV L. STEHLÍK 1 & ZDENÌK JINDRA 2 1 Moravian Museum, Department of Entomology, Hviezdoslavova 29a, CZ-629 00 Brno, Czech Republic 2 Czech University of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, CZ-165 21 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic

STEHLÍK J. L. & JINDRA Z. 2006: Notes on some Oriental species of the genus Dysdercus Guérin Ménéville, 1831 (Pyrrhocoridae, Heteroptera). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 91: 53–60. – Dysdercus similis Freeman, 1947 species valida, not a junior synonym of D. micropygus Breddin, 1909; Dysdercus incarnatus Blöte, 1931 species valida, not a junior synonym of D. concinnulus Walker, 1872; Dysdercus transversalis hippotigrisoides ssp.nov. (Seram Isl.); Dysdercus variegatus Distant, 1902 classified as a subspecies (not a synonym) of D. concinnulus Walker, 1872 (D. concinnulus variegatus Distant, 1902 stat.nov.). Key words. Heteroptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pyrrhocoridae, Dysdercus, taxonomy, distribution

Introduction Within the Pyrrhocoridae, Dysdercus Guérin Ménéville, 1831 is the genus of the highest economic importance since most of its species are pests on the cotton plant. It is also a genus particularly rich in species. Some 60 species are known from the tropics of the New World, with a further 30 from the Old World. As many of these species can easily be bred in laboratory conditions (they feed readily on cotton seeds), they have served as the insect of choice in many research projects, leading to a very extensive literature on the genus. We shall therefore confine ourselves to mentioning only two fundamental taxonomic works. The New World species are dealt with by VAN DOESBURG Jr. (1968) and the Old World species in FREEMAN (1947). In spite of the high number of publications, some questions remain unresolved, as can be seen from this short study. Several species from the Oriental Region (because of their occurrence on many islands) show a trend towards polytypy and thus this issue will have to be studied in more detail. Abbreviations for the institutions holding the materials used: BMNH ...... The Natural History Museum, London ISNB ...... Institut royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles MMBC ...... Moravian Museum, Brno NHMB ...... Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel NMPC ...... National Museum, Prague PPAU ...... Czech University of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Prague ZJPC ...... private collection, Z. Jindra, Prague

This work was supported by grant no. MSM 6046070901 from the Ministry of Education, the Czech Republic.

53 J. L. STEHLÍK & Z. JINDRA

Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) similis Freeman, 1947 species valida

Dysdercus similis Freeman, 1947 [synonym of D. micropygus Breddin, 1909: STEHLÍK & KERZHNER 1999)]. Material examined. An overview of the material studied is given in the separate sections below.

Remarks. In his catalogue of the Pyrrhocoridae, HUSSEY (1929) assigned the species Dysdercus micropygus Breddin, 1909 as a synonym for the species D. koenigii (Fabricius, 1775). FREEMAN (1947) accepted this. Through study of the type material, STEHLÍK & KERZHNER (1999) demonstrated that D. micropygus is valid and assigned D. similis Freeman, 1947 as a synonym of this species. In recent years, a larger body of material of the genus Dysdercus has been collected from southern India and to a lesser extent from Sri Lanka as well. This has revealed the occurrence of two similar species in the region and therefore the question of their identity has received further attention. Once again, the lectotype (male) of D. micropygus, collected in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, the first locality reported by BREDDIN (1909) and deposited in the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde, as well as the holotype (male) of D. similis, collected at Walayer, Coimbatore Distr. 19. IV. 1937 and deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, were studied. It was concluded that D. similis is not synonymous with D. micropygus although both species are valid. Finally it must be noted that Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) olivaceus (Fabricius, 1798) is very similar to D. similis. However, the white stripes on its ventrites are bifurcate and the genital capsula shows certain differences in caudal view. The medially tapering ventral wall is wider in D. olivaceus and medially bifurcate. Differences D. micropygus × D. similis. As both species, particularly D. micropygus from Sri Lanka, show substantial variability in body size (some specimens being unusually small), we do not give measurements but restrict ourselves to a verbal description, as specimens of the same size have to be compared. In D. micropygus the body is wider and shorter than in D. similis, the latter having a conspicuously slender, longer body. One of the two most marked differences between the two species is the shape of the pronotum. In D. micropygus the lateral margins of the pronotum are more divergent from the anterior angles towards the posterior ones, being slightly and rather evenly sinuate. In D. similis the pronotum tapers conspicuously towards the front of the anterior, its lateral margins being almost parallel in this part; only in the basal third are they markedly sinuate. At the level of the anterior angles, the pronotum is wider than at the level of the callar lobe. The interocular distance in D. similis is somewhat smaller than in D. micropygus, but antennal segment I in the former species is longer than in the latter. The corium is narrower and longer in D. similis than in D. micropygus. The second most important character is the shape of the genital capsula, which differs conspicuously between the species. This is best seen in lateral view. The upper part of the ventral wall is less abrupt and less distinctly elevated in D. similis (Fig. 2) than in D. micropygus and ends in a bent point. This point is lacking in D. micropygus (Fig. 1) but the infolding of the ventral rim bears a wide keel medially at the upper margin (in lateral view it appears to be a marked thickening of the apical part). In D. similis the infolding of the ventral rim is sinuate, slightly bow-like, and merges evenly

54 Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 91, 2006 Notes on Oriental Dysdercus (Pyrrhocoridae, Heteroptera) into the infolding of the lateral rim, while in D. micropygus it is very flat, almost vertically inclined and distinctly separated from the lateral rim by a pronounced furrow. D. similis has lighter colouring (whitish with a yellow tinge); D. micropygus is pale but with a brownish tinge. The ventrites in D. similis are red, in D. micropygus black, only rarely red (in some specimens from Sri Lanka). D. micropygus was hitherto known only from Sri Lanka but occurs (apparently abundantly) in southern India as well.

Material of D. micropygus and D. similis

Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) micropygus Breddin, 1909 (Photo 1, Fig. 1) Material examined. India, Tamil Nadu State: Coimbatore Distr., Siruvani, 1.700´, 23. and 26.IX.1938, B.M.-C.M. Exped. to S. India, 3 males, 2 females (BMNH); Figs 1–2. Genital capsule, Coimbatore, V.1947, P. S. Nathan leg., 1 male, (NMPC); ditto, VII.1947, P. S. lateral view: 1, Dys- Nathan leg., 1 female (NMPC); ditto, XII.1947, P. S. Nathan leg., 1 female dercus micropygus (NMPC); ditto, X.1948, P. S. Nathan leg., 1 male (NMPC); Nilgiri Hills, Kotagiri Breddin; 2, D. similis env., St. Catharine Falls, 11°23Ń, 78°25É, 13.XI.1993, Z. Kejval et D. Boukal Freeman. leg., 1 male, 3 females (ZJPC); Nilgiri Hills, 15 km SE of Kotagiri near Kunchappanai, 11°24Ń, 76°56É, 900 m, 13.–20. V. 1994, Z. Kejval leg., 3 males, 2 females (ZJPC); ditto, 11°22Ń, 76°56É, 900 m, 10.–12. VI. 1999, Z. Kejval et M. Trýzna leg., 1 male, 1 female (ZJPC); Nilgiri Hills, 11 km SE of Kotagiri near Kunchappanai, 1.100±100 m, 11°24Ń, 76°56É, 3.–15. VI. 2002, L. Dembický leg. 5 males, 6 females (MMBC); Nilgiri Hills, Chevangode, 3.500 ft., V. 1950, P. S. Nathan leg., 1 male, 1 female (NMPC); Nilgiri Hills, Singara, 3.400 ft., V.1948, P. S. Nathan leg., 1 male, 6 females (NMPC); ditto, V. 1950, P. S. Nathan leg., 1 male (NMPC). India, Kerala State: Ponmudi Hill reservation, 30 km NE of Trivandrum, 8°46Ń, 77°06É, ca 1.300–1.500 m, 28.– 30.VI.1999, Z. Kejval et M. Trýzna leg., 3 males (ZJPC). India, Karical Territory: Karumbagaran, IV.–V.1946, P. S. Nathan leg., 1 female (NMPC). Sri Lanka: Bopibiya, 31.I.1953, J. W. S. Pringle, 2 males (BMNH); Paradenya, 4.V.1914, A. Rutherford leg., 1 male (BMNH); Tissamaharama env., 90 km NE of Matara, 14.III.1994, Z. Kejval leg., 2 females (ZJPC); Dambula env., 200 m, 19.IV.– 9.V.1991, J. Kolibáè leg., 1 female (NHMB).

Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) similis Freeman, 1947 (Photo 2, Fig. 2) Material examined. India, Tamil Nadu State: Coimbatore, VIII.1939, 1 female (NMPC); ditto, 1.IV.1940, 1 male (NMPC); ditto, XI.1945, 1 male (NMPC); ditto, 14.III.1946, 1 female (NMPC); ditto, VIII.1946, 1 male, 2 females (NMPC); ditto, V.1947, 2 males (NMPC); ditto, VII.1947, 1 male (NMPC); ditto, 9.XII.1947, 1 male (NMPC); ditto, VII.1948, 1 female (NMPC); ditto, XI.1948, 1 male (NMPC); ditto, XII.1948, 2 males (NMPC); ditto, I.1949, 3 males, 3 females (NMPC); ditto, 23.III.1950, 1 male (NMPC); ditto, IV.1950, 1 female, (NMPC); ditto, III.1957, 3 males, 2 females (ISNB); Coimbatore Distr., Walayer Forest, XI.1945, 1 male, 1 female (NMPC) (all P. S. Nathan leg.); Nilgiri Hills, 11 km SE Kotagiri, Kunchappanai, 11°24Ń, 76°56É, 1.100 + 100 m, 3.–15.V.2002, L. Dembický leg., 2 males (NMBC); Nilgiri Hills, 15 km SE of Kotagiri, Kunchappanai env., 11°22Ń, 76°56É, ca 900 m, 22.–30.V.1999, Z. Kejval and M. Trýzna leg., 1 male (ZJPC). India, Kerala State: Tanjore Distr., Nedungadu (?Nedumangat), P.S.Nathan leg., 1 male (NMBC);

Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 91, 2006 55 J. L. STEHLÍK & Z. JINDRA

Photo 1. Dysdercus micropygus Breddin, male. Photo 2. Dysdercus similis Freeman, male.

ditto, 24.IV.1938, P.S.Nathan leg.,1 female (NHMB); Malampuzha, Palakkad, 10°50´N, 76°39´E, 100 m, 28.IV.2005, M. Halada leg., 4 males, 2 females (ZJPC). India, Maharashtra State: Mulshi env., 40 km W of Pune, 7.–11.Oct.2005, F. Kantner leg., 1 female (ZJPC). Sri Lanka: 1 male, 2 females; no further data (NHMB).

D. concinnulus variegatus Distant, 1902 stat.nov.

Dysdercus variegatus Distant, 1902 [synonym of D. concinnulus Walker, 1872: FREEMAN (1947)]. Material examined. Dysdercus concinnulus Walker, 1872: Holotype male. Specimen mounted on black minucia, which is stuck into an elongated older core (?) block. This is stuck onto a thicker, non-enamelled pin. The specimen is missing the last segment of both antennae, the fore- and hind leg on the left side, the distal part of one tibia and the corresponding tarsus on the right side. The pin bears a round label containing a green circle with the word “Type” printed within it, and further with a round label with a handwritten capital letter “G”, a rectangular white label with the printed text “Saunders. 65.13”, and a long label with the printed text “Dysdercus concinnulus” (coll. BMNH).

56 Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 91, 2006 Notes on Oriental Dysdercus (Pyrrhocoridae, Heteroptera)

“Dysdercus simplex Distant, 1888”: Holotype female. Specimen mounted on a non-enamelled, headless pin, undamaged. On the pin is a round label with a red circle and the word “Type” printed within it, and further a white rectangular label with the handwritten phrase “simplex Dist.”, and a thick white label printed with “N. GUINEA, COLL. SAYER”. The number “34” is pencilled in its left margin (BMNH).

Remarks. DISTANT (1888) described D. simplex from New Guinea (nomen preoccupatum, so the same author suggested variegatus in 1902). FREEMAN (1947) declared this species a synonym of D. concinnulus. However, the New Guinea population can be considered as the valid subspecies D. concinnulus variegatus Distant stat.nov. The coloration of the holotype is the same as in other specimens from New Guinea. The first author of the present paper has seen it from several localities in Papua, but also from Woodlark and the New Britain Islands. From Irian Jaya this population (and species) is known to date from only the northeastern part. Description. Head red, base adjacent to eyes black, clypeus on apex sometimes black, pronotal collar white, lateral margin of pronotum (sometimes), except whitish anterior angles and callar lobe (always), light red (anterior and posterior margins black). Pronotal lobe and sometimes lateral margin of pronotum almost straw-like in colour. Scutellum red, sometimes black at base. Corium straw-coloured, costal margin sometimes with orange tinge. Head ventrally red, pleurae either completely red or with black margins, or completely black. Coxae, trochanters and outer margins of ventrites red, zygosternites almost exclusively black, with white bands on segments II–VII, white bands almost always bifurcate. The white coloration may be replaced by orange in rare cases. Differential diagnosis. The subspecies bougainvillensis Stehlík, 1965 from the Solomon Isl. is similar to variegatus stat.nov. (but more slender). Head and callar lobe of same colouring as in previous subspecies but pronotal lobe, lateral margin or pronotum and corium light red (particularly up to corial cleft). Ventrites black, white bands narrow and not bifurcate.

Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) incarnatus Blöte, 1931 species valida

Dysdercus incarnatus Blöte, 1931 [(synonym of D. concinnulus Walker, 1872: FREEMAN (1947)].

Remarks. FREEMAN (1947) assigned D. incarnatus as a synonym to D. concinnulus Walker, 1872 and noted at this occasion: “I have not seen the type of D. incarnatus Blöte, but from the description, especially the black on the apex of the head, it appears to belong here.” (Unfortunately, it has to be said that the head has a black apex only in one part of specimens of D. concinnulus). Thanks to the kindness of Dr. Jan van Tol of the National Natural History Museum in Leiden we were able to study two paratypes (1 male, 1 female) of D. incarnatus described from Celebes (now Sulawesi). This species differs markedly from D. concinnulus in its substantial size as well as in its colouring and morphological characters. Differences D. incarnatus × D. concinnulus. D. incarnatus – colouring: Dorsal surface all distinctly red (only membrane black), ventral surface red (without black stripes on the

Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 91, 2006 57 J. L. STEHLÍK & Z. JINDRA ventrites). Yellowish are: anterior margin of prosternal collum, epicoxal lobes, distal pleura of flanges I (only on its outer margin), II and III, broad bands on distal margin of ventrites III and IV (in both sexes), in females with narrow band on ventrite V and a even narrower one on VI, in males ventrites VI and VII without bands. Bands simple (not bifurcate). D. concinnulus – colouring: Polytypic insular species. WALKER (1872) described this species erroneously from the island of Flores (he had mistaken the letter G for F). FREEMAN (1947) corrected this mistake and designated a male from Gilolo (now Halmahera) as the type. We were able to study the nominal subspecies occurring on the island of Halmahera based on the holotype and another male and female (Gilolo, Wallace, BMNH). Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium are of uniform reddish orange. Body ventrally red, posterior pleural flanges I–III somewhat narrower and orange-white. White bands medially tapering, not forked. D. incarnatus – structure: Head. Cleft of the clypeoparaclypei much deeper than in the species compared, paraclypei much more elevated, head between eyes flat (almost depressed) with distinct medial longitudinal furrow. From this medial furrow another furrow, running towards the antenniferous tubercule, branches of which run in front of anterior margin of eye. These furrows border the more distinctly elevated part of the head around the eyes. Clypeus on base keel-like, but rather wide. Anterior margin of pronotum sinuate, lateral margins of pronotum very wide and much elevated, very sinuate at the level of the median furrow, their basal part markedly arcuate. Callar lobe rather long. D. concinnulus – structure: In this species, the longitudinal medial furrow on the frons and the furrow running towards the antenniferous tubercule are less conspicuous, the head is less elevated around the eyes, and not depressed medially; clypeus medially very narrow and keel-like. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, lateral margins rather narrow, from anterior angles to base evenly concave. In some specimens these may be more markedly sinuate but starting only at the level beyond the first third or half of the pronotal lobe. Anterior angles not distinctly protruding towards the front. Pygophore of D. incarnatus: Ventral wall medially less strongly elevated, rounded. Ventral rim not medially tapering into inward-bent point. Pygophore of D. concinnulus: Ventral wall medially very rounded and elevated. Ventral rim protrudes into distinct inward-bent point. Female genitalia of D. incarnatus: spermathecal bulb and duct similar to those of other species of the subgenus Leptophthalmus Stål, 1870. Female genitalia of D. concinnulus: spermathecal bulb and duct similar to those in other species of the subgenus Paradysdercus Stehlík, 1965. Total size of D. incarnatus: male 16–18 mm, female 19–21 mm. Total size of D. concinnulus: male 9.40–14.90 mm, female 11–12 mm.

Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) transversalis Blöte, 1931 (Fig. 3) Material examined. Flores, Endeh, XII. 1931, Handschin leg., 3 males, 1 female (NHMB); Sumbawa, Bimä, XII. 1931, Handschin leg., 1 male (NHMB); Banda, Koller leg., no futher data, 1 male (ISNB).

58 Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 91, 2006 Notes on Oriental Dysdercus (Pyrrhocoridae, Heteroptera)

Figs 3–4. Dysdercus transversalis Blöte, abdomen, lateral view; 3, D. transversalis transversalis Blöte; 4, D. transversalis hippptigroides ssp.nov.

Remarks. BLÖTE (1931) recorded the newly-described species D. transversalis from the islands of Wetar (Wetter), Java, Bali, Timor, and Key. FREEMAN (1947) reports its occurrence on the islands of Damar (Damma), Tanimbar (Tenimber), Sulawesi, and Ternate also. We can add the Flores, Sumbawa and Banda islands to this account of the species’ range. BLÖTE (1931) mentions in his species description the potential necessity of splitting this species into geographical races. BLÖTE (1931) mentions that the specimens from Java and Timor are smaller than those from the island of Wetar and that the largest specimens occur on Bali. We found that a very distinct geographical race also occurs on the island of Seram.

Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) transversalis hippotigrisoides ssp.nov. (Fig. 4) Material examined. Holotype: male, Maluku Islands, Seram Island, Solea, 12 km SE Wahai, 17. I.–4.II.1997, S. Bílý leg. (PPAU). Paratype: female, the same data, (ZJPC). Description. On the ventral surface, the ventral laterotergites are red. This red coloration extends to the adjacent parts of the individual zygosternites. Distal part of the zygosternites (II–VII) with a distinct, sharply outlined white band, other parts of the zygosternites (between the white bands) black. Differential diagnosis. In the nominal subspecies (holotype from the island of Wetar), all the ventrites are entirely pale yellow, with the incisures between the individual zygosternites somewhat dark or the individual zygosternites with a very narrow black band at their base. Ventrite VII may have a touch of red and may also have a black spot with unclear margins. The female of Dysdercus transversalis transversalis from Bali that was available to us (we lack a male) measures 13.5 mm. The female of the subspecies D. transversalis hippotigrisoides ssp.nov. is even larger and measures 15.5 mm.

Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 91, 2006 59 J. L. STEHLÍK & Z. JINDRA

Acknowledgements We would like to thank D. Burckhardt, D. Wyniger (Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel), J. Constant (Institut royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles), I. Malenovský (Moravian Museum, Brno), V. Švihla (National Museum, Prague) and M. D. Webb (The Natural History Museum, London) for the loan of material, E.K. Kroll (Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Münchenberg) for the loan of the lectotype Dysdercus micropygus and M.D. Webb for the loan of the holotypes of Dysdercus similis and D. simplex, J. Kabíèek (Czech University of Agriculture, Prague) for taking the photographs, and P. Stehlík (Brno) for technical assistance.

References

BLÖTE H. C. 1931: VIII. Catalogue of the Pyrrhocoridae in Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie. Zoologische Mededelingen 14: 97–136. BREDDIN G. 1909: Rhynchoten von Ceylon gesammelt von Dr. Walter Horn. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 53: 250–309. DOESBURG P. H., van, Jr. 1968: A revision of the New World species of Dysdercus Guérin Méneville (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae). Zoologische Verhandlingen No. 97: 215 pp., Pl. 1–16. FREEMAN P. 1947: A revision of the genus Dysdercus Boisduval (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae). Transaction of the Royal entomological Society of London 98(8): 373–424. HUSSEY R. F. & SHERMAN E. 1929: Pyrrhocoridae. In: G. HORVÁTH & H. M. PARSHLEY (eds.): General catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fasc. 3, pp. 1–144. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA. STEHLÍK J. L. & KERZHNER I. M. 1999: On taxonomy and distribution of some Palaearctic and Oriental Largidae and Pyrrhocoridae (Heteroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica 8(1): 121–128. WALKER F. 1872: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part V, pp. 1–202. British Museum (Natural History), London.

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