Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 138(4), 2011, pp. 472–484

Noteworthy reported from the Torrey Range— 2009 and 20101 Eric E. Lamont2 Torrey Botanical Society, Local Flora and Vegetation Committee, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 Steven D. Glenn3 Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225 Stephen M. Young4 New York Natural Heritage Program, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233

LAMONT, E. E. (Torrey Botanical Society, Local Flora and Vegetation Committee, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458), S. D. GLENN (Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225), AND S. M. YOUNG (New York Natural Heritage Program, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233). Noteworthy plants reported from the Torrey Range—2009 and 2010. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 138: 472–484. 2011.—Twenty-four noteworthy species of vascular plants are reported from the Torrey Range, encompassing southeastern New York, northern , and southwestern : australis, arctata, Carex typhina, trifida, Corydalis incisa, Cyperus polystachyos var. texensis, Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin, Dryopteris celsa, floridana, Galium boreale, pusilla, , Juglans ailantifolia, Juncus brachycarpus, Kyllinga pumila, Nymphoides peltata, Oldenlandia uniflora, Phlox divaricata, Platanthera pallida, Pycnanthemum verticillatum, Ranunculus pusillus, Schoenoplectus mucronatus, Stylophorum diphyllum, and Trichostema setaceum. Key words: floristics, invasive plants, northward range extensions, rare plants, Torrey Range.

The Torrey Range has been long known as examples such as Eclipta prostrata, Eupatorium a region that supports species of both serotinum, Gamochaeta purpurea, and Hetero- southern and northern affinities. Taylor (1915) theca subaxillaris (Lamont and Young 2002, discussed this topic and concluded that approx- 2005, 2006; Lamont and Glenn 2009); in this imately 13% of the Torrey Range flora, at the paper we discuss three more species: Froelichia time, consisted of ‘‘southern species reaching floridana, Houstonia pusilla, and Kyllinga their northern distribution point’’ and approx- pumila. Other investigators also have noted imately 8% were ‘‘plants found exclusively this northern migration of southern species, north of the moraine.’’ During the past twelve including Greller et al. (2011). years, the Torrey Botanical Society has been A second change we have observed is a documenting changes in the Torrey Range general decline in occurrences of northern flora, based on extensive field studies and col- species in the Torrey Range, but many nor- lections, and four general trends have emerged. thern and circumboreal species still persist in One change is an increase in the number of small isolated colonies. For example, popula- southern species migrating into the region. Pre- tions of Ligusticum scothicum have become vious papers in this Torrey series have included increasingly rare on eastern Long Island, New York (Lamont and Fitzgerald 2001); but, as presented in this paper, other northern spe- 1 This report is the eighth in a continuing series of floristic studies produced by the Local Flora cies still persist, including Corallorhiza trifida, Committee of the Torrey Botanical Society. The Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin, and Torrey Range comprises the region within a 50-mile Galium boreale. radius of Columbus Circle, New York City, but We continue to document the occurrence includes all of Long Island, New York. For details on the past and present boundaries of the Torrey of many rare plant species within the Torrey Range, including counties, see Lamont and Fitzger- Range. These finds are especially noteworthy ald (2001). considering that the metropolitan New York 2 Corresponding author: 717 Sound Shore Road, City region is one of the most populated areas Riverhead, NY 11901; E-mail: elamont@optonline. on earth and many natural ecosystems have net 3 E-mail: [email protected] been destroyed or negatively impacted by 4 E-mail: [email protected] human activity. In this paper we report on

472 2011] LAMONT ET AL.: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 473 eleven rare plant species that have been Natural Heritage Program), Richard Stalter located after years of not being observed. (St. John’s University), and Mark Szutarski The most noteworthy is Isotria medeoloides (Torrey Botanical Society). from Orange County, New York, a species Discussion of noteworthy plants reported confirmed from only six previous localities from the Torrey Range—2009 and 2010 in the state and not observed in more than 30 years. A collection of Carex arctata from Acalypha australis L. Putnam County, New York, represents only Asian Copperleaf the second documented report of this species , the Spurge Family from the Torrey Range, the first was from This species is a recent introduction to North 1895. And a 2009 collection of Dryopteris celsa America where it was first collected in 1989 represents the first time this species has been from Kings and Queens counties, New York documented from Staten Island in 102 years. (Delendick 1990). Since then it has been col- Finally, we report on the accelerated intro- lected from four boroughs of New York City; duction and establishment of non-native spe- Nassau County, Long Island; and adjacent cies in the Torrey Range. In previous papers northeastern New Jersey (Lamont 2010). we reported on some recently established In 2009, Michael Feder reported A. australis invasive species, including Cardamine impa- as ‘‘very common, now approaching abun- tiens, Hydrilla verticillata, Lepidium latifolium, dant’’ throughout western-most Long Island, Myriophyllum spicatum, Phellodendron amur- especially in Kings and Queens counties. It ense, Polygonum perfoliatum, Pueraria lobata, frequently occurs on roadsides, vacant lots, Thlaspi alliaceum, and Trapa natans (Lamont gardens, and even lawns; sometimes in very and Fitzgerald 2001; Lamont and Young large populations consisting of hundreds, 2002, 2004, 2006; Lamont and Glenn 2009). maybe thousands of individuals. Feder has In this paper, we discuss the status of five observed it growing with Acalypha rhomboidea more introductions to the Torrey Range: Raf., with no evidence of hybridization. In Acalypha australis, Corydalis incisa (new to 20 years, A. australis has become fully estab- the flora of North America), Juglans ailanti- lished in the Torrey Range. folia, Nymphoides peltata, and Schoenoplectus mucronatus. Carex arctata W. Boott Nomenclature follows Weldy and Werier Drooping Woodland Sedge (2011), ranges of distribution and nativity , the Sedge Family status follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991) In 2009, Steven Glenn collected C. arctata unless otherwise stated, and herbarium abbre- from Putnam County, New York (Glenn viations follow Holmgren et al. (1990). 11986, BKL). This collection represents only Throughout this report, we have endeav- the second documented report of this species ored to give credit to individuals who reported from the Torrey Range. The first collection, their findings to us and provided expertise on in 1895, was from Bridgeport, Connecticut specific species. We are especially grateful to (Eames 965, CONN). This northern sedge Daniel Atha (New York Botanical Garden), usually occurs in forests from northeastern David Austin (Torrey Botanical Society), to the and Martin Bennett (Brooklyn Botanic Garden), adjacent Canada (Waterway 2002). In New Dennis Briede (Ridge and Valley Conservan- York, C. arctata is common ‘‘in the northern cy), Robert Canace (Ridge and Valley Conser- and cooler parts’’ (Weldy and Werier 2011). vancy), Michael Feder (Long Island Botanical AfewunvoucheredreportsofC. arctata from Society), Andrew Greller (Queens College, the Torrey Range have been published during CUNY), Garrett Herth (Long Island Botanical the past 125 years. Britton (1889) reported it Society), Robert McGrath (Long Island Bo- from Bergen and Essex counties, New Jersey, tanical Society), Wayne Morris (independent but it was not listed earlier by Willis (1874) or botanist), Robert Naczi (New York Botanical later again by Britton (1901) for New Jersey. Garden), Tom Nelson (Native Orchid Confer- Taylor (1915) doubted its occurrence in Bergen ence), Larry Penny (Long Island Botanical and Essex counties as did Hough (1983). This Society), Eleanor ‘‘Sam’’ Saulys (Native Or- sedge is currently listed as a state rare plant in chid Conference), Charles Sheviak (New York New Jersey (Snyder 2010), but no specimens State Museum), Kimberly Smith (New York have been seen to confirm its presence. 474 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 138

Carex arctata also has been historically considered rare in New Jersey (Britton 1889, reported from the periphery of the Torrey Snyder 2010), where it is restricted to the Range, including Litchfield County, Connecti- northern counties, with an unverified report cut (Graves et al. 1910, Taylor 1915, Seymour from Burlington County (Hough 1983). In 1969, Magee and Ahles 2007); Dutchess, Fairfield County, Connecticut, it had been Sullivan, and Ulster counties, New York known during the 1920s and 1930s from a (Taylor 1915, Weldy and Werier 2011); and single locality near Danbury (Eames s.n., Bucks, Pike, Monroe, and Wayne counties, CONN). In New York, C. trifida was previ- (Bailey 1886; Porter 1903; Wherry ously known only as far south as Dutchess and et al. 1979; Botany Department, Morris Ulster counties (Weldy and Werier 2011). Arboretum 2011). In 2009, Daniel Atha located a population Accurate identification of C. arctata can of C. trifida in Putnam County, New York. sometimes be difficult. Bailey (1888, 1893) The collection (Atha 7667, NY) represents the noted that C. arctata is often confused with C. first confirmed record from the lower Hudson aestivalis M. A. Curtis and C. debilis Michx. Valley, and only the second reported occur- Possibly, early reports of this sedge from the rence in the Torrey Range in more than Torrey Range and adjacent regions are based 30 years (Brooklyn Botanic Garden 2011). on misidentified collections of Carex section The general aspect of C. trifida (height less Hymenochlaenae. than 35 cm, flowers small and greenish to yellowish, and reduced to sheathing Carex typhina Michx. scales), suggests that it could be easily over- Cat-tail Sedge looked in the field. Cyperaceae, the Sedge Family Corydalis incisa (Thunb.) Pers. A new population of the state rare sedge C. Purple Keman typhina was located in September 2009 by Fumariaceae, the Fumitory Family Kimberly Smith, during a floristic survey of Margaret Lewis Norrie State Park, Dutchess This native plant of eastern Asia was first County, New York. The population was collected in North America in June 2005 by located around the edge of a small vernal Steven Glenn. Dozens of flowering individuals pool in Appalachian oak-hickory forest within were established in a red maple-hardwood a large complex of vernal pools. Another rare floodplain along both sides of the Bronx River vernal pool sedge, Carex lupuliformis Sartw., north of Burke Bridge, Bronx County, New also was present. York. Voucher specimens were collected and Smith’s collection of C. typhina is the second the identity was verified by Mark Tibbit, ever from Dutchess County and the first coauthor of Bleeding Hearts, Corydalis, and since it was collected near Rhinecliff in 1932, Their Relatives (Tibbit et al. 2008). Glenn a locality about 8 km north. The next closest presumes that the population had been estab- extant population occurs in Croton Falls, lished for at least a couple of years before 2005. Westchester County. In 2009 and 2010, Robert Naczi conducted This discovery marks the seventh known field studies along the Bronx River and deter- extant population in New York, although mined that C. incisa ‘‘was persisting, locally there are about 10 historical records that have abundant, and established along the Bronx not been systematically searched for. There are River in Bronx Park.’’ Additionally, in 2010 an additional 10 records from the New York Daniel Atha observed and collected a single City area that have been extirpated by develop- plant of this species on the grounds of The ment and one from Quaker Bridge, Cattar- New York Botanical Garden south of previ- augus County, New York, that was flooded by ously known localities along the Bronx River. the Alleghey reservoir. In recent years, C. incisa has become a popular garden plant and is now an established mem- Corallorhiza trifida Chat. ber of the Torrey Range flora. Early Coralroot Thunberg (1801) first described this species , the Orchid Family under the name Fumaria incisa. It is commonly This delicate orchid is circumboreal and known in as Purple Keman because it is has been historically known from only a few said to resemble a Buddhist temple instru- localities in the Torrey Range. It has been long ment. Members of the Corydalis are 2011] LAMONT ET AL.: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 475 used in traditional Asian, especially Chinese, that aid in the separation of the three varieties medicine to alleviate fever and aches such as of C. parviflorum: var. makasin, var. parvi- those caused by malaria (Tibbit et al. 2008). florum, and var. pubescens. Of these three varieties, var. makasin is the rarest in the Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fern. Torrey Range. With assistance from local botanists (see acknowledgement section), Coast Flatsedge two extant populations of var. makasin from Cyperaceae, the Sedge Family northwestern New Jersey have been located This southern flatsedge of tidal marshes is at and monitored by Nelson and Lamont since the northern limit of its range in coastal 2009. Both populations occur in the Great and on Long Island, New Limestone Valley of Sussex and Warren York, and is listed as rare in both states. In counties. One population, consisting of ap- New York, there are eleven pre-1989 collec- proximately 30 to 40 individuals, occurs in a tions of C. polystachyos var. texensis, dating calcareous red maple swamp; the other, con- back to 1886, but four of those occurrences sisting of approximately 20 individuals, occurs have been extirpated on western Long Island along the shallow, open shoreline of a cal- and New York City. In 1989 and 1990, six new careous fen. populations were located in tidal marshes on Several individuals within the larger colony far eastern Long Island and Fishers Island but have flowers that entirely lack reddish-brown two of them have been recently extirpated. color (Fig. 1b); apparently, this anthocyanin- In 1994, a small population was located in free color form of var. makasin is very rare. Queens County. Sheviak (pers. comm.) commented: ‘‘This is a In the late summers of 2009 and 2010 really nice find. I’ve never seen anything like Kimberly Smith located four new populations it in the species. The lack of red pigment in of southern flatsedge in Montauk, Hither Hills, the flower would be due to a mutation, and and Napeague state parks on eastern Long Is- presumably it’s recessive. So the defective land. These discoveries bring the number of allele is probably more widely distributed in occurrences in New York back up to eight. The the population, and only the plants that are spread of Phragmites is a threat to the salt homozygous for the allele lack the red. I’m marshes and rare plants of eastern Long Island. not aware that the color form has been named, Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin but it sure is beautiful. It would be a choice (Farwell) Sheviak horticultural item, so be careful who you tell Northern Small Yellow Lady’s-slipper about it.’’ Orchidaceae, the Orchid Family Dryopteris celsa (Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & The southern limit of Cypripedium parvi- Poll. florum var. makasin in northeastern United Log Fern States is not well known. For example, Brown Dryopteridaceae, the Wood Fern Family (2007) reported the southern limit as extending On 24 June 2009, Richard Stalter collected a from Massachusetts west through central and fern from a forested wetland on Staten Island, western New York; accordingly, var. makasin New York. He identified the collection as D. does not occur in Connecticut, southern New celsa and sent it to James Montgomery, York, and New Jersey. However, Sheviak coauthor of New Jersey Ferns and Fern-Allies, (2002a, and pers. comm.) noted that widely who verified the initial determination. scattered populations of var. makasin histor- Dryopteris celsa is considered endangered ically occurred in Connecticut, southern New in New York with only one previous extant York, and northwestern New Jersey; and are occurrence in Ontario County in western New currently considered very rare or extirpated in York and four historical occurrences, three each of those regions. from the Finger Lakes region and one from In 2008, Tom Nelson and Eric Lamont Staten Island. The Staten Island collection was initiated ongoing field studies on the status of from 1907, the first time it was collected in yellow Cypripediums (Fig. 1a,b,c) within the New York; the colony occurred in a swamp on Torrey Range and beyond. Individuals from the northwestern part of the island that today each population are meticulously photogra- is known as Magnolia Swamp. Stalter’s collec- phed for diagnostic morphological characters tion was from a different part of the island and 476 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 138

FIG. 1. Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin from Sussex and Warren counties, New Jersey; a) typical flowers from the calcareous fen population, b) anthocyanin-free color form from the calcareous red maple swamp population, c) a dense group of individuals from the calcareous fen locality. Photographs by Tom Nelson. 2011] LAMONT ET AL.: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 477 the first time the species had been documented lending credence to a two species concept on Staten Island in 102 years. (Lo¨ve and Lo¨ve 1954). Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. In eastern United States, G. boreale s. l. Large Cottonweed, Plains Snakecotton ranges south in the Appalachian Mountains to West Virginia and Virginia (Fernald 1950, , the Family USDA Plants Database 2011). While histori- In 2010, Michael Feder located a spontane- cally found in the Torrey Range, early authors ously occurring population of F. floridana at noted it was rare and local, not found along Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, Queens County, the coast, and increasing in occurrence north- New York. Voucher specimens were collected ward (Taylor 1915, Fernald 1950, Seymour and the identity was verified by Robert Naczi 1969). In the lower Hudson Valley of New (NY); vouchers have been deposited at BKL, York, northern bedstraw has been found in BH, and NY. This collection documents a new only Orange and Rockland counties (Brook- addition to the flora of New York (Weldy lyn Botanic Garden 2011, Weldy and Werier and Werrier 2011) and the Torrey Range. The 2011). In New Jersey, G. boreale is listed as a population consists of approximately fifty state rare plant (Snyder 2010) and during the individuals in sandy soil above the high tide past 60 years has been reported only four line east of the train tracks, northeast of East times, all from Sussex and Warren counties Pond. The tallest individuals had stems approx- (Brooklyn Botanic Garden 2011). imately 80 cm long. Froelichia floridana was In September 2010, Steven Glenn located a not observed at the refuge by Stalter and population of G. boreale in Sussex County, Lamont (2002). New Jersey, along the banks of the The northward migration of this species River (Glenn 12888, BKL); the last collection along the Atlantic coastal plain has been well from this region was from more than 40 years documented. McCauley (2004) reported F. ago (Edwards s.n., CHRB). Field botanists floridana on the Atlantic coastal plain from should be aware that while typical G. boreale north to southeastern North Carolina has villous-hirsute fruits, a glabrous or gla- with a disjunct occurrence in Maryland. It was brate fruiting variety (G. boreale var. hyssopi- listed as ‘‘introduced’’ in Delaware by Hough folium (Hoffm.) DC.) occurs as far south as (1983) who also noted that it was ‘‘now spread- northern New Jersey (Britton 1901, Fernald ing northward [into southern New Jersey].’’ 1950, Seymour 1969). Apparently, only later was F. floridana report- Houstonia pusilla Schoepf ed from Virginia (Harvill et al. 1992, USDA Tiny Bluets Plants Database 2011). , the Madder Family Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. is another recent migrant to the Torrey Range from In April 2010, large colonies of H. pusilla southern latitudes. In the 1970s and 1980s, F. were observed and photographed by Garrett gracilis sporadically colonized the Torrey Herth at Heckscher State Park, Town of Islip, Range and by the mid-2000s had become thor- Suffolk County, New York. Hundreds, prob- oughly established (Lamont and Young 2006). ably thousands of individuals dominate sever- al grassy road medians composed of sandy, Galium boreale L. well-drained soil. In April 2011, the site was Northern Bedstraw revisited by Herth who again observed large Rubiaceae, the Madder Family colonies of tiny bluets dominating the road Galium boreale is a circumboreal species medians. with two distinct geographic distributions: In April 2011, Andrew Greller independent- Iceland to central Siberia, and central Asia ly located a large population of H. pusilla at through North America. Some early American Jones Beach State Park, Town of Hempstead, authorities treated the North American repre- Nassau County, New York. Voucher speci- sentative as a separate species, G. septentrio- mens were collected and have been deposited nale Roem. & Schult. or G. strictum Torr., but at BKL. Greller (pers. comm.) noted, ‘‘Hous- most later authors regarded them as a single tonia [pusilla] occurs in populations varying entity. Later cytological studies revealed that from a few dozen to hundreds, scattered on the Eurasian taxon is tetraploid while the the south shoulder of Ocean Parkway for American-Asiatic taxon is hexaploid, perhaps nearly the entire length of Zachs Bay, Jones 478 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 138

Beach Island. The habitat is the grassy right- In 2010, Daniel Atha located two sponta- of-way of Ocean Parkway. This habitat ap- neously reproducing colonies of J. ailantifolia pears to be man-made (anthropogenic), where in the village of Orient, Suffolk County, New topsoil was deposited and mowing and fertil- York. Voucher specimens were collected (Atha izing take place on a regular basis.’’ & Zembruski 8550) and deposited at NY. These two localities are situated approxi- These collections represent the first document- mately 32 km from each other, and consist ed report of spontaneously reproducing Japa- of similar maritime landscapes and habitat nese walnut in North America. One colony characteristics. Jones Beach State Park is consists of six individuals ranging from located on Jones Beach Island, a barrier island saplings through mature, fruit-bearing trees. off the south shore of Long Island; Heckscher The two fruit-bearing trees may have been State Park is located on the Timber Point planted but the saplings are spontaneous (fide peninsula and extends into Great South Bay property owners Robert and Madelyn Ehr- off Long Island’s south shore. Greller and lich). The trees are concentrated within a one- Herth (2011) report that H. pusilla is locally acre lot in a residential zone occupied by a abundant and established at both localities. house, lawn, and gravel parking area. The Houstonia pusilla has not been previously second occurrence consists of one tree, 9 m tall documented from New York (Weldy and and 21.2 cm diameter at breast height, located Werier 2011); thus, these established occur- approximately 3.2 km east of the first colony. rences on Long Island represent a new state The individual occurs along the edge of a record. Along the Atlantic coastal plain, H. woodland dominated by Prunus serotina Ehrh., pusilla has been reported from Florida to Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Acer negundo L. Maryland (USDA Plants Database 2011); The low woods are drained by an intermittent thus, these two disjunct New York occurrenc- stream. An intensive survey of adjacent areas es extend the northeastern range limit of the was not conducted and there could be addi- species by more than 700 km. tional individuals not reported here. Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf. Juglans ailantifolia has been in cultivation Small Whorled Pogonia in North America since 1860 (Rehder 1937) Orchidaceae, the Orchid Family and has been collected several times from Isotria medeoloides, a federally threatened gardens and arboreta. At this time, it is orchid, was located in Orange County, New not known if the Orient population will York in late May 2010 by Kimberly Smith. continue to reproduce and persist, but like so The orchid was found in a state park where many other recent tree introductions, it may a survey for other rare plants was being eventually expand its current range and conducted. No one has seen this rare orchid colonize other regions in and near the Torrey in New York since 1976 when Mildred Faust Range. photographed two flowering individuals in a The genus Juglans, comprising 21 species, is swamp in Onondaga County. Beaver have divided into four sections: sect. Juglans with flooded the area since then and invasive plants one species; sect. Rhysocaryon with 16 species; have colonized the site and the orchid has not sect. Cardiocaryon with three species, includ- appeared again. Isotria medeoloides is present ing J. ailantifolia; and sect. Trachycaryon with in 17 other states in the eastern United States one species (Manning 1978). The three Asian and is endangered or threatened in each. species of section Cardiocaryon are very closely Botanists have spent decades looking for small related to American butternut, J. cinerea L. whorled pogonia throughout New York where in section Trachycaryon. Molecular sequence it had been collected only five times before data from three different gene regions (Stone 1976. From 1887 to 1923, I. medeoloides had et al. 2009) support the close relationship been collected once in five different New York between the two sections as proposed by counties: Washington, Ulster, Rockland, Nas- Manning (1978). Unlike the butternut, howev- sau, and Suffolk. Orange County is now added er, which is highly susceptible to walnut canker, to the list of where it has been known to occur. the Japanese walnut is thus far resistant. Juglans ailantifolia Carrie`re Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. Japanese Walnut Short-fruit Rush Juglandaceae, the Walnut Family Juncaceae, the Rush Family 2011] LAMONT ET AL.: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 479

This rare rush was collected 15 times pumila has the lowest germination rate of all between 1909 and 1943 on Long Island, New Kyllinga species tested (Lowe et al. 1999). York, where it is at the northern edge of its Additionally, K. pumila is native to the eastern range. In 1991, a new population consisting of United States, not too far south of the Torrey hundreds of individuals was found at Pelham Range; therefore, natural biotic and abiotic Bay Park, Bronx County, New York; at the factors should keep the species in balance time, this occurrence was the only known within the region. Finally, K. pumila common- population in the state. In July 2010, Kimberly ly occurs in highly maintained and frequently Smith found a second extant New York irrigated turf (Bryson et al. 1997, Tucker population of about 100 individuals in a wet 2002), thus suggesting that it presents a meadow at Montauk Point State Park, Suffolk minimal threat to natural ecosystems in the County. This locality is the farthest east it has Torrey Range. been found in the state; the closest historical Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) Kuntze record is a 1943 collection from Riverhead. Yellow Floating-heart Kyllinga pumila Michx. Menyanthaceae, the Buckbean Family Annual Greenhead Sedge Nymphoides peltata is an aquatic species Cyperaceae, the Sedge Family native to Eurasia that was introduced in North Long known as Cyperus tenuifolius (Steudel) America as a popular ornamental (Stuckey Dandy, this species is the most widespread 1974). It has escaped cultivation and become of all Kyllinga species in the United States, established throughout most of the United with the center of its range in the Southeast States and analysis suggests that it has been (Delahoussaye and Thieret 1967, Bryson et al. separately introduced into many widely scat- 1997, Tucker 2002). In 2010, Wayne Morris tered localities (Stuckey 1974, USDA Plants collected K. pumila from a wet lawn in lower Database 2011). One of the earliest North Manhattan, New York County, New York American records is an 1886 collection from (Morris s.n., BKL), the first documented Terrace Pond in Central Park, New York record from the Torrey Range since 1957 County, New York (Stuckey 1974); a 1946 (Brooklyn Botanic Garden 2011, Weldy and collection from Central Park (Monachino 442, Werier 2011). PENN/PH) includes an annotation stating ‘‘a Kyllinga pumila was not included in the pest in ponds’’. Torrey Range flora by early botanists (Britton In 2010, Steven Glenn collected N. peltata in 1889, Taylor 1915), but it has been migrating Alexauken Creek, Hunterdon County, New northward along the Atlantic coastal plain Jersey (Glenn 12743, BKL). This collection during the past century. Noted as far north represents the first record of this species from as Virginia by Britton in 1901, K. pumila was northern New Jersey (Brooklyn Botanic Gar- reported from Delaware, Maryland, Pennsyl- den 2011). vania, and southern New Jersey by the early Reproductive and dispersal characteristics 1990s (Norton and Brown 1946, Tatnall 1946, of N. peltata suggest that this species poses a Fernald 1950, Delahoussaye and Thieret 1967, potential threat as a pest in aquatic ecosystems Hough 1983, Gleason and Cronquist 1991). in the Torrey Range. The most susceptible The earliest voucher from the Torrey Range is habitats would likely be sluggish, shallow a 1937 collection from Queens County, New waterways such as pond margins, backwater York (Hembury s.n., BKL). Shortly thereafter, sloughs along rivers, and marshes; some Svenson (1938) reported K. pumila from Kings studies suggest that Nymphoides is restricted County, New York, and Fernald (1950) to water depths less than 1.5 to 2 m reported it from Long Island, New York, the (Muenscher 1933, Nohara 1991). Nymphoides northeastern most occurrence cited in the in general can propagate vegetatively, readily literature. forming new plants from separated nodes Many species of Kyllinga are considered (Dress 1954). Another study found seed weedy (Bryson et al. 1997); so, does K. pumila production as high as 3000 seeds/m2 (van der pose a threat to natural areas in the Torrey Velde and van der Heijden 1981). Additional- Range? Although Kyllinga species generally ly, various seed coat features, such as marginal produce many readily dispersible seeds (Bry- specialized trichomes and hydrophobic sur- son et al. 1997), one study concluded that K. faces, facilitate hydrochory, epizoochory, and 480 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 138 possibly aenemochory (van der Velde and van 1889), southeastern New York (Taylor 1915), der Heijden 1981, Cook 1990, Chuang and or Connecticut (Graves et al. 1910, Seymour Ornduff 1992). Once established in a suitable 1969). Taylor (1915) reported P. divaricata as habitat, proliferation might ensue; Stuckey ‘‘adventive’’ in New Jersey and stated that it (1974) cited a 1935 Muenscher study of N. was ‘‘nowhere a wild plant in our area.’’ More peltata forming dense beds in shallow water of recent authors consider the native northeastern the Hudson River just north of the Torrey range of P. divaricata as extending from up- Range. state and western New York south and west to central Pennsylvania (Wherry 1955, Levin 1967, Oldenlandia uniflora L. Weldy and Werier 2011). In Vermont, Gilman Clustered Bluets (pers. comm.) considers P. divaricata ‘‘presum- Rubiaceae, the Madder Family ably adventive from further south and west.’’ This diminutive bluet reaches the northern In 2010, Steven Glenn located a large limit of its distribution in the Torrey Range, population of P. divaricata in Sussex County, where it has been considered rare for more New Jersey (Glenn 12465, BKL), one of only a than 100 years (Willis 1874, Taylor 1915). In few reports from the Torrey Range (Brooklyn New York, it is currently listed as ‘‘critically Botanic Garden 2011). It is not known if these imperiled due to extreme rarity’’ and has been occurrences from the western border of the collected from Bronx, Queens, Richmond, and Torrey Range represent disjunct populations Suffolk counties (Weldy and Werier 2011). In on the eastern fringe of the species native New Jersey, it was historically reported as range, or populations persisting or escaping ‘‘rare in Bergen and Hudson counties,’’ but from cultivation. becoming ‘‘common southward’’ (Taylor 1915); Platanthera pallida P. M. Brown currently, it is listed as a state rare species Pale Fringed Orchid (Snyder 2010). Oldenlandia uniflora has never Orchidaceae, the Orchid Family been reported from Connecticut or Massachu- setts (USDA Plants Database 2011). For the past few years, Eric Lamont and In 2010, O. uniflora was collected from Robert McGrath have been reporting on Nassau County, New York, by Steven Glenn extensive browsing of P. pallida at Napeague, (Glenn 12952, BKL); this collection represents Suffolk County, New York (Lamont 2010). In the first record of this species from Nassau 2010, Larry Penny (pers. comm.) added his County (Weldy and Werier 2011). It was also observations: ‘‘On the Monday before last reported in 2010 from the grounds of The New [August 16th], I checked the only home of one York Botanical Garden, Bronx County, by of the world’s most newly described orchid, staff botanists. the pale crested fringed orchid, Platanthera Oldenlandia uniflora has endured a tortuous pallida. The count was a disappointment. Yes, nomenclatural history, sometimes placed in there were several to be tallied, but all but a Houstonia or Hedyotis (Lewis 1961); and as few of the flowering heads had been snipped Fosberg (1954) noted ‘‘this species has a very off by some browsers, either deer or cottontail misleading name, as the flowers are glomerate rabbits, or both. That means there will be very in the axils, rather than solitary.’’ This few seeds to start new orchids next spring. feature was apparently taken into account by However, there were many, many first-year Michaux, who assigned the name Oldenlandia plants, single leaves sticking up, so I felt a little glomerata in 1803. better about next year’s prospects.’’ The taxonomic status of P. pallida is still Phlox divaricata L. being debated. The plants were long thought to Wild Blue Phlox be pale-flowered forms of Platanthera cristata Polemoniaceae, the Phlox Family (Michx.) Lindl. Brown (1992) described them The nativity status of P. divaricata in the as a new species, Platanthera pallida, endemic Torrey Range is debatable. While currently to eastern Long Island where its distribution is listed as a rare native species in New Jersey restricted to three sites just east and west of (Snyder 2010), older floristic sources indicate Napeague Harbor. Sheviak (2002b) considered that its native distribution is beyond the Torrey ‘‘the plants described as P. pallida… to Range. Pholx divaricata was not included in represent neither a distinct species nor are they the floras of New Jersey (Willis 1874, Britton merely hybrids; they seem to be partially 2011] LAMONT ET AL.: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 481 stabilized introgression products and poten- Ranunculus pusillus Poir. tially useful subjects for evolutionary study.’’ Low Spearwort Regardless of the taxonomic status of this Ranunculaceae, the Buttercup Family taxon, it is extremely rare in the Torrey Range Ranunculus pusillus, a denizen of wet hab- and needs protection. All three colonies are itats, reaches the northern limit of its distri- located on public land. The largest colony is bution in the Torrey Range where it is the one being browsed and is supposed to be considered extirpated in New York (Young managed by a national environmental organi- 2010), and rare and vulnerable to extirpation zation. Ten years ago the colony consisted of in New Jersey (Snyder 2010). The most recent 1000+ flowering individuals (Lamont, pers. New York collections are from Richmond obs.). Placing a fence around the colony would County in 1894, Westchester County in 1895, be a simple solution to the browsing problem; and Nassau County in 1905 (Weldy and this suggestion has been proposed to environ- Werier 2011). mental managers. In 2009, Steven Glenn located two small Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. colonies of R. pusillus in the Great Swamp, Whorled Mountain-mint Morris County, New Jersey (Glenn 11957, Lamiaceae, the Mint Family BKL), representing only the second record of this rare species from the Torrey Range in Pycnanthemum verticillatum var. verticilla- the past 30 years (Brooklyn Botanic Garden tum is listed as endangered or threatened in 2011). New York, Maryland, Ohio, and and possibly extirpated from Pennsylvania Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla and Tennessee. Prior to the present collection, Bog Bulrush it was verified from only four localities in New Cyperaceae, the Sedge Family York (Young 2008). The first report of this Eurasian bulrush In 2009, Daniel Atha collected P. verticilla- from eastern United States was based on tum (Atha 7734, NY) at the Ice Pond Con- collections from southeastern Pennsylvania in servation Area in northeastern Putnam County, the 1860s (Britton 1888, Porter 1903); the col- New York. The population consists of an lections were later identified as robust speci- uncertain number of individuals growing under mens of Scirpus debilis Pursh (Long 1918, ahigh-voltagetransmissionline.Thepowerline Beetle 1942), later synonymized to Schoeno- and its right-of-way traverse a steep hill ris- plectus purshianus (Fern.) M. T. Strong var. ing from 34 m above sea level to a height of williamsii (Fern.) S. G. Smith (Smith and nearly 240 m. The right-of-way is maintained Hayasaka 2002). Another early report of this by brush clearing and treatment and non-native sedge, from ballast in Camden, receives frequent traffic from all-terrain-vehicles New Jersey in the 1870s (Long 1918), was (ATVs), hikers, and white-tailed deer (Odocoi- never substantiated with a voucher collection. leus virginianus). Beetle (1942) claimed that S. mucronatus did Seven species of Pycnanthemum are native not occur in the New World, and thus the to New York (Mitchell and Tucker 1997), and species was not included in subsequent North- some of them are difficult to identify. The eastern flora manuals (Fernald 1950, Seymour whorled mountain-mint belongs to a group 1969, Gleason and Cronquist 1991, Magee of five species in the state with numerous, and Ahles 2007). However, unbeknown to compact flower clusters. The other two species Beetle, bog bulrush was collected in California have loose flower heads with evident branch- in 1942; later, in 1971, it was collected in the lets within the flower clusters. Pycnanthemum Midwest (Smith 2002), and more recently in verticillatum is distinguished from the other the Torrey Range (USDA Plants Database four species by the minutely pubescent stems 2011, Weldy and Werier 2011, Brooklyn (pubescent on and between the angles of the Botanic Garden 2011). In 1992, S. mucronatus stem) and the relatively narrow, pubescent was collected in Fairfield County, Connecticut leaves at least 3 times as long as wide). It is (Mehrhoff 16034, CONN), and in 1993 it morphologically most similar to Pycnanthe- was collected in Suffolk County, New York mum torrei Benth., another rare species in the (Mangels 2007, PH). Torrey Range with glabrous leaves and much In 2009, Martin Bennett collected S. mucro- longer calyx teeth. natus in a large mud puddle over sand (Bennett 482 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 138

09379, BKL) in the same general vicinity as New York botanists have been diligently Mangel’s 1993 collection from Suffolk Coun- searching the Long Pond region for T. seta- ty. For more than 15 years the population has ceum during the past 30 years without finding persisted and may be expected to spread, it. Four other historical records of this rare probably expedited by waterfowl. Smith and plant are known from New York: two from Yatskievych (1996) concluded that many Staten Island in 1889 and 1894; the vicinity of recent collections of S. mucronatus from the Wading River, Suffolk County, in 1921; and United States were from man-made wetlands, near Salem Center, Westchester County, in the mostly of recent origin, and the achenes are early 1900s. Long Island and coastal Massa- likely transported in the gut or in mud on feet chusetts are at the northeastern edge of the or feathers of migratory waterfowl. species range. (Michx.) Nutt. Stylophorum diphyllum Literature Cited Celandine-poppy Papaveraceae, the Poppy Family BAILEY, L. H. 1886. A preliminary synopsis of North American Carices, including those of Mexico, A large, persistent and spreading population Central America, and Greenland, with the of S. diphyllum was located in northeastern American bibliography of the genus. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 22: 59–157. Putnam County, New York, by Daniel Atha BAILEY, L. H. 1888. Notes on Carex- IX. Bot. Gaz. in 2009. Numerous individuals were thriving 13: 82–89. without aid on a mesic, shady, gentle slope BAILEY, L. H. 1893. Notes on Carex- XVII. Bull. near the parking area of the William Clough Torrey Bot. Club 20: 417–429. BEETLE, A. A. 1942. Studies in the genus Scirpus Nature Preserve in the town of Patterson. L. V. Notes on the section Actaeogeton Reich. An 18th century home is adjacent to the Amer. J. Bot. 29: 653–656. property and contiguous with the S. diphyllum BOTANY DEPARTMENT,MORRIS ARBORETUM. 2011. population. The Pennsylvania Flora Project. Accessed 24 , . The native range of S. diphyllum is western Feb–31 Mar 2011. http://www.paflora.org BRITTON, N. L. 1888. New or noteworthy North Pennsylvania to southern Michigan and Wis- American phanerogams. I. Bull. Torrey Bot. consin, south to Tennessee, Georgia, and Club 15: 97–104. Arkansas (Gleason and Cronquist 1991). It BRITTON, N. L. 1889. Catalogue of plants found in occurs in rich, moist woods in much the New Jersey. Final Report State Geologist (New Jersey) 2: 25–642. John L. Murray Publ. Co., same habitat as Podophyllum peltatum, and Trenton, NJ. has never been reported from New York BRITTON, N. L. 1901. Manual of the flora of the (Weldy and Werier 2011). The population of northern states and Canada. Henry Holt & Co., S. diphyllum found by Atha probably is not a New York, NY. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN. 2011. New York native, disjunct population, rather it is likely Metropolitan flora database. Accessed 24 Feb– persistent and spreading after cultivation. The 31 Mar 2011. Data available upon request from site will be monitored to see if S. diphyllum the second author. expands its distribution in the Torrey Range. BROWN, P. M. 1992. Platanthera pallida (Orchida- ceae), a new species of fringed orchis from Long Trichostema setaceum Houtt. Island, New York, U.S.A. Novon 2: 308–311. Narrow-leaved Blue-curls BROWN, P. M. 2007. Wild orchids of the Northeast: Lamiaceae, the Mint Family New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Univ. Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL. While conducting a rare plant survey with BRYSON, C. T., R. CARTER, L. B. MCCARTY, AND Stephen Young and Michael Feder on 29 F. H. YELVERTON. 1997. Kyllinga, a genus of neglected weeds in the continental United States. September 2010, Rich Kelly located a small Weed Tech. 11: 838–842. population of T. setaceum in the vicinity of CHUANG, T. I. AND R. ORNDUFF. 1992. Seed Long Pond on the South Fork of eastern Long morphology and systematics of Menyanthaceae. Island, Suffolk County, New York. This Am. J. Bot. 79: 1396–1406. COOK, C. D. K. 1990. Seed dispersal of Nymphoides sighting was the first time it had been seen peltata (S. G. Gmelin) O. Kuntze (Menyantha- in New York since September 1945 when a ceae). Aquatic Bot. 37: 325–340. voucher was collected at Long Pond south of DELAHOUSSAYE, A. J. AND J. W. THIERET. 1967. Sag Harbor, the same general vicinity where Cyperus subgenus Kyllinga (Cyperaceae) in the continental United States. Sida 3: 128–136. Kelly found it 65 years later. Trichostema DELENDICK, T. J. 1990. Acalypha australis L. setaceum was first reported from Long Pond (Euphorbiaceae) new to New York State. Bull. in 1925 and again in 1927. Torrey Bot. Club 117: 291–293. 2011] LAMONT ET AL.: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 483

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