The Journal of ~ Spelean History OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN SPELEAN HISTORY ASSOCIATION
HORACE CARTER HOVEY, D. D., F. G. S. A.
-w \tP Volume 29, No. 4 October-December 1995 THE JOURNAL OF SPELEAN HISTORY
Volume 29, No. 4 October-December 1995
The Association The Journal of Spelean History
The American Spelean History Association is The Association publ ishes the Journal of chartered as a non-profit corporation for the Speleall History on a quarterly basis. study, dissemination, and interpretation of Pertinent articles or reprints are welcomed. spelean history and related purposes. All Please send typed manuscripts to Carolyn E. persons who are interested in these goals are Cronk at address below. Photos and cordially invited to become members. Dues illustrations will be returned upon request. of $8 are due January fi rst of each year. Meetings are held in conjunction with the Back Issues annual convention of the National Speleological Society and sometimes at West Most back issues of the Journal are available. Virginia's Old Timer's Reunion. Early issues are photocopied. Indices are also available for Volumes 1-6 and 13. Send your requests to Fred Grady (address given wiLh the Front Cover orficers). All issues of Volumes 1-7:2 are available on microfiche from: Photo of Horace C. Hovey from The Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, published in Kraus Reprint Company 1912 by John P. Morton & Company, Route 100 Louisville. Millwood, New York 10546
Officers Official Quarterly Publication President: Susan Holler AMERICAN SPELEAN HISTORY PO Box 100 ASSOCIATION Old Fort, NC 28762 History Section National Speleological Society
Vice-President: Carolyn E. Cronk 1595 Blueberry Hills Rd Monument, CO 80132 Production
Editor: Carolyn E. Cronk Secretary-Treasurer: Fred Grady 1595 Blueberry Hills Rd 1202 S. Scott Street #123 Monument, CO 80132 Arlington, VA 22204 Proofreading: Robert N. Cronk Trustees Printing: D. C. Grotto Larry E. Matthews Gary K. Soule Potomac Speleological Club Press Marion o. Smith Jack Speece ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF THE SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION (SERA) OF THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Larry O. Blair
The Southeastern Regional Association of the National Speleological Society is probably the best known of all the Society's Internal Organizations; however, no complete history of this 10 has ever been written. This area is perhaps best known for the "TAG" (Tennessee/Alabama/Georgia) area. Some of the country's best caves are here and many caving innovations have been developed in this area.
The following data is here presented as a record of some of the more important events of SERA. Perhaps some future speleo-historian will find this information to be the basis for an in-depth SERA history. This information was basically collected by Elizabeth "Foxy" Ferguson prior to 1977. It has been added to and expanded upon by myself. Much of this data was gleaned from the Southeastern Caver, the Speleonews and the NSS News. It was furnished to myself for inclusion in the pages of the SERA News. Thus, it was published in part in issue number 7, August 1977, page 1 and the rest was published in issue 11, December 1977 - January 1978, page 1. Larry E. Matthews also greatly added to this effort.
Most recently this information was used as the basis for part of the banquet program at the 1993 SERA Winter Business Meeting held in Cartersville, Georgia at the Holiday r nn.
IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS OF THE FORMATrVE YEARS
EVENT HOST GROTTO LOCATION
1949 Sept. 3-5 Carnival NSS McMinnville, TN (This event was called a "NSS National Field Trip" at the time, but later literature refers to it as the first Cave Carnival.)
1953 July 4-5 Carnival Nashville Grotto Sparta, TN (This event was called the TN Cavers Field Reunion" at the time, but later literature refers to it as the second Cave Carnival.)
1954 July 2-4 Carnival Nashville Grotto McMinnville, TN
1955 July 1-4 Carnival Nashville & Cumberland Grottoes Monteagle, TN (This event was called the "4th Annual TN Cave Carnival" at the time. The organizational meeting of SERA was held during this Carnival.)
1956 July 4th Carnival Huntsville Grotto Scottsboro, AL Weekend This was the first official SERA event as far as can be determined.
The Journal ofSpe/ean History 83 1957 July 6-7 Carnival A tlanta Georgia Grotto Climax, GA assisted by Rorida and Auburn Grottoes
1958 Feb 15 Business Chattanooga Grotto Chattanooga, TN July 4-6 Carnival Chattanooga Grotto Martin Springs, TN
1959 Feb 21 Business A uburn Grotto Auburn, AL July 3-5 Carnival Huntsville Grotto Newsome Sinks, AL
1960 Feb 20 Business Atlanta Georgia Grotto Atlanta, GA Sept 2-5 Carnival Cumberland Grotto Smithville, TN
MORE SERA HISTORY
The following brief historical data concerning SERA is taken in part from the files maintained by the Secretary-Treasurer:
1956 SERA chartered by the NSS.
February 24, 1968 Office of Treasurer combined with that of Secretary.
September I, 1968 Treasury donated to Shelta Cave Fund; office to be left open until needed, Secretary to perfonn that function.
February II, 1969 SERA rotation list established by Chairman, Francis McKinney.
March 1, 1969 Election of officers set for Summer Meeting. Motion was passed to pennit the Vice-Chainnan to automatically step up into position of Chainnan.
July 28, 1972 Office of Regional Correspondent to the NSS News was separated from that of Secretary-Treasurer. The Annual Fall Creek Falls event was established as an official SERA spring event to be co-hosted by the Huntsville and Smoky Mountain Grottoes.
February 16, 1974 Moved and passed that the newly-elected officers should assume their post immediately at the end of the Winter Business Meeting. The Fall Ridgewall Cave Hunt was established as an official SERA event.
Summer, 1975 Committee on Francis McKinney Award established by Foxy Ferguson.
February 7, 1976 The McKinney Memorial Award was established.
February, 1977 The SERA News established by Larry O. Blair.
This publication ran in print from February 1977 through March 1979 with twenty issues. A special index issue was published in October 1989. Copies of this special issue were sent to Grottoes, individuals and organizations when records indicated they had in fact
84 The Journal ofSpelean History received a complete or near complete set of the out-of-print newsletter and when their current address was known. The SERA News consisted of a legal page format from one to four pages, sometimes with inserts and sometimes with individual hand-colored artwork. The newsletter was ended in this format due to increased costs. In those days SERA had little funds and these were raised mostly by Grotto donations.
The SERA News was not the first SERA publication. The Southeastern Caver was printed from 1956-1959, Vols. 1 through 4. There were possibly sixteen issues. This effort was edited by several different editors. It was of a different format and contained articles such as "My First Cave Trip" and cartoons. However, perhaps the biggest difference in these two publications was the four cents postage of the first publication.
Presently, a fine publication, the SERA Newsleller is being edited by Shari Lydy. It contains a wealth of information and short articles. The Winter 1993 issue contains an excellent list of acts passed and implemented by SERA, compiled by Bill Bussey.
March 31, 1990 A committee consisting of Bill Bussey, Myrna Attaway, Karen Padgett, Joe Domnanovich and Larry Blair was established to design a Richard Schreiber Award.
February 23, 1991 First Richard Schreiber Award presented.
SERA WINTER BUSINESS MEEfING - A SYNOPSIS OF SELECTED YEARS
Sometime between 1969 and 1974, the election of officers was moved from the Summer Cave Carnival and rescheduled for the Winter Business Meetings. No business meetings were to be scheduled for the Carnivals.
February 7, 1976 Meeting held in the Holiday Inn, Huntsville, Alabama. Talks of Mississippi Caves and Bluewater Rope were featured. Larry Blair was elected V ice-Chairman by a coin toss by Foxy Ferguson to break a deadlocked vote. It was thought that this was a first.
February 5, 1977 The first Francis McKinney A ward was presented to Gerald Moni. The meeting was held at Fairfield Glade near Crossville, Tennessee. At the Banquet a resolution was read and later mailed to the NSS asking that more articles be published in the NSS News concerning SERA Caves and caving.
February 25, 1978 Meeting held at the Holiday Inn in Dalton, Georgia. Richard Newell spoke on his new product - Bluewater III. A fifty cents "head charge" was proposed and passed, to be added to registration of all who attend the SERA Cave Carnivals and Winter business Meetings. It was later dropped from the Winter Meetings. Richard Schreiber was the guest speaker at the evening's banquet, speaking on Pigeon Mt. Industries and its products. Lin Guy was presented the McKinney Award.
February 17, 1979 Meeting held at the University of Alabama, Birmingham, in the Volker Hall. The "head charge" ruling was amended to only apply to attendees of the Summer Cave Carnival. There was $34.00 in the
Tile Journal ojSpelean History 85 treasury! Steve Spencer spoke on the formation of a new task force - the Cumberland Plateau Task Force. Cato Holler was awarded the McKinney A ward.
February 29. 1980 Meeting held in the Civic Center, Oak Ridge. Tennessee. An abbreviated meeting was held due to heavy snow fall; officials had to close the Center. Steve Hudson was awarded the McKinney Award.
February 7. 1981 Meeting held at the Olde English Inn, Atlanta, Georgia. Jim Whidby presented an excellent slide show on Big Bone Cave, Tennessee. One hundred dollars was presented to the Kingston Saltpeter Cave Study Project. The banquet program was presented by Joel Sneed and concerned caves on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. Marion 0. Smith was awarded the McKinney Award.
February 6. 1982 Meeting held at the Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama There was an effort to get the event rotational list back in operation. Landowner relations with hunters were at a low this year so the word was "put out" for all cavers to be careful! Larry Adams presented a plaque honoring Eddie Montgomery on behalf of the Nashville Grotto and asked that it be hung in the NSS office. Joel M. Sneed was awarded the McKinney A ward.
March 26. 1983 Meeting held in Fall Creek Falls State Park, Tennessee. Buddy Lane moved to eliminate the annual ridge walk - this was approved. SERA voted to make the gating of Big Bone and Hubbard Caves, Tennessee official projects. It was announced that there was a new lock in place on Cedar Ridge (Kangaroo) Cave. Dr. Charlie Faulkner presented an excellent talk on the completed archaeological work in Mud Glyph Cave, Tennessee. Buddy Lane was presented the McKinney Award.
March 17. 1984 Meeting held in the Chattanooga State Technical Community College, Chattanooga, Tennessee. The completed Big Bone gating project was discussed. The old gate, now in pieces, was still on site, being either too heavy or in pieces too long to be moved without being torch-cut first. There was an effort underway by the Nashville Grotto to meet with the National Park Service to try to get into Mammoth Cave, Kentucky for some wild caving trips. Bill Vamedoe was awarded the McKinney Award and Roger W. Brucker spoke on the "300 Mile Cave" at the annual banquet.
February 9. 1985 Meeting held at the Ramada Inn in Cartersville, Georgia. Joel M. Sneed spoke on Georgia Senate Bill No. 2100 in which was proposed changes to the Georgia Cave Protection Act. These changes would make it illegal for anyone to bypass or to attempt to have actually caused any damage to that barrier. The first test case of this law was at the nearby Kingston Saltpeter Cave Preserve (NSS). Two vandals were successfully prosecuted. Cheyenne Sweatman spoke on deep well injection processes of waste disposal. Some of this had already been done in the Knox formation of ' Tennessee! At the banquet Phil Di Blasi of the Archaeological Survey of the University of Louisville, Kentucky, spoke on the
86 The Journal ofSpelean History "Cultural and Paleontological Resources of Northwest Central Kentucky Caves". The McKinney Award was presented to David Parr. An interesting side note of this annual meeting was that a small plane crashed not far from the meeting location, causing the guest speaker to be delayed in the ensuing traffic.
February 22, 1986 Meeting held in the Oak Ridge Civic Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Bill Halliday presented the original copy of NSS slide show No.8 on Spelunking in New Jersey, on behalf of the widow of George Jackson. She wanted to present it a') a memorial to her late husband. SERA voted to donate the program to the NSS photo library. Bill Dean spoke on the Spencer Range (TN), which local National Guard units are still trying to get approved. This range would allow for test firing of high explosive shells and other military activities. It is, however, doubtful that it will be built as cost estimates are now in the area of one third billion dollars. That . evening Dr. Bill Halliday spoke on the effects of the Mt. St. Helens eruption on the nearby lava tubes and ice caves. Jim Whidby was presented the McKinney Award.
February 21, 1987 Meeting held at the Rorida High School on the FSU campus, Tallahassee, Rorida. Slide shows featuring Rorida caverns, including Wakulla Spring, Rorida's longest, were presented. The banquet guest speaker was Sheck Exley. The McKinney Award was presented to Allen Padgett.
February l3, 1988 Meeting held at the Skytop Holiday Inn in Rome, Georgia. Jim Hall spoke on the Alabama cave conservation law. He thought it would pass that year. Bill Bussey was looking for some certified cave divers to check out some leads in South Carolina caves along the coast. There was an effort to restore the SERA News newsletter. Everett Stewart spoke against the use of drugs and alcohol. Later a resolution concerning this was read at the banquet. Frank Hutchinson was awarded the McKinney Award.
February 18, 1989 Meeting held at the Tom Bevill Center, University of Alabama, Huntsville. Jody Landrum spoke on the formation of a new task force on Snail Shell Cave, Tennessee, and was getting input on a management plan. SERA voted to purchase seventeen meals for 8.0.G. members for the meeting to be held at the NSS Convention in Sewanee, Tennessee. Mike Churchill spoke on the passing of the Alabama cave law. It had been based on Georgia's law. Bill Torode was presented the McKinney Award for "some thirty years of caving"!
March 31, 1990 Meeting held at the Motel Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. This Winter Business Meeting was held in conjunction with the tenth Alabama Cave Survey meeting. Since the "Survey" was started, some 376 miles of cave passag~ had been added to the total known length of Alabama caves. Bill Halliday spoke on the Roppel Cave Special Exclusionary Rule No.2. The NSS had decided that it "would cooperate wi th the CRF" on exploration in the Roppel section of Mammoth Cave. Three hundred dollars was donated to the NSS Vertical Section towards the exchange program of six
The Journal ofSpelean History 87 Soviet cavers who were to visit the TAG area of SERA. A committee was set up to determine the feasibility of setting up a Richard Schreiber Award. A discussion of updating the bylaws was held. Richard Schreiber was posthumously presented the McKinney Award ... the first such recipient.
February 23, 1991 Meeting held at Goose Pond Colony near Scottsboro, Alabama. Bill Bussey spoke at length on the Constitution and bylaws changes, updates, etc. It was decided to up the "head charge" from fifty cents to one dollar per person starting with the 1992 Cave Carnival. Jeff Harris proposed that one hundred dollars be donated to John Wilson for use on his "Contemporary Cave Survey" system; it was later passed. Larry E. Matthews was presented the McKinney Award and the first Schreiber Award went to Rick O'Hara.
February 29, 1992 Meeting held at the Walker County Community Center in Rock Springs, Georgia. It was announced that there would be no guidebook published for the Cave Carnival this year in an effort to try to cut down on cave locations being published. The organization funds had grown to $1,271.40. All of the proposed Constitution and bylaws changes were approved. One hundred dollars was donated by SERA in the names of Jim and Barbara Storey to the NSS Save the Caves Fund. Allen Padgett proposed that SERA become an institutional member oUhe Soviet Speleological Association. Larry 0. Blair was presented the McKinney Award and Allen Cressler received the Schreiber Award.
IN CONCLUSION
This brief outline of the formation and workings of the Southeastern Regional Association (SERA) of the National Speleological Society will present to the future researcher and speleo-historian in general an overall view of one of the strongest caving regions in the country. One can readily see the scope and range of SERA cavers and their impact on the caving world at large.
CAVE PATCH INFORMATION WANTED!
Gary Soule has been collecting cave-related patches and now has over 500 different types. He needs information on two patches that are known to exist but which he does not have.
One patch shows a caver on rope with cave formations in the background. It says on the top of this 4 inch diameter, circular patch the words: EXPLORER POST 289 RESCUE and also a large CD, perhaps for Civil Defense.
The other patch is a 3 inch diameter circular patch and shows a helmet with a light beam going off it. Above this are the letters: NSWITSS.
If anyone has any information on either of these patches, please contact: Gary K. Soule, 224 South 7th Avenue, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235-2216
88 The Journal ofSpelean History HORACE C. HOVEY
The following articles, cards and programs from H. C. Hovey's speaking tours were discovered by Emily Davis Mobley inside a well-used copy of Celebrated American Caverns. HoveY's fIlastrated Lectmes,
A TEMPLE IN MAMMOTH CAVE.
Tht ()nly SCIOPTICON JiJJ:ltibit qf such scene.q in the World. ')',/,( ~""y1di"t'fl~ .-/. A«,n"Ji""iell hy a De",c~iptive lic/w·e. ,chich is both scielllifir. lind humorous. - TO Bit GIVES MY 5'/(rf!J.. ~~"'1~ Rev. Prof. HORACE. C. HOVEY of New Haven, IThe GrPat E,plo",~ and Authority on Caves.) 10 the Congregational Church, Sound Beacl1. Conn., On. Monday ETJenin.g. Mar::h 12th. 1888. At Sc"en O·clock. •TICKETS, - admitting t adult or 2 ohildren, - 25 CENTS. Proceeds for Repairing Church Edifice.
The Journal ofSpelean History 89 FEBRUARY 26th, x883.
* STAR COURSE. * The Star Course Lecture Oft SUBTERRANEAN SCENERY, A description and illustration of Luray and other famous Caverns.
The lecturer, Mr. H. C. Hovey, is a gen· t1eman of middle age, who has been Jrom boyhood a cave·hunter, his work in this direction having begun thirty-three years since, during which time he has visited and explored about one hundred American caves. Within a few weeks of the discovery THE of the wonderful Luray Caverns, Mr. Hovey was found among the early explorers, open CAVERNS ~Q.tLURAY ing the pathways with sledge hammer and crowbar through forests of stalactites in BY starry halls and crystal chambers that have, ELECTRIC LIGHT, in the past eighteen months, been visited by
AND twenty-five th~usand persons. He was amon~ the first explorers of the Wyandot Other Famous Caverns. Cave.
The maps used by Mr. Hovey are the difficulties attend the photographer who uses best " extant of Luray Ca'terns and of the artificial light. For a long time the calcium others 'whose maps are exhlliited, emiiody light was the best to be had. The magnes ing the results of the latest surveys made. ium light was then tried. These methods These maps are adopted by the edit~rs of were attended with results interesting from a the Encyclop 90 nle Journal of Speleall Hislory displayed on the screen at the Academy of not easy to name the most attractive. A Music. Many of these views are now to be partial list, however, is subjoined: exhibited for the first time, having been The Vestibule, Ass' Ear, taken within a few days preceding the lec Stc\;blns' Avenue, General View 01 Gianta' ture. The scale adopted is in some instances Stortc'M&ll"Avenuo, Hall, LUfl' y Natural Brid,e, Th. Ball-Room, nearly the natural size, while in others' a The Fisb Market, e;)r.1 Cascade, reduced scale is necessarily used. Practic Skeletoll Gor,e, Campbell'. Hall, Spectral Column, Broaddu. Lake, ally, however, the' spectator will quietly Tltanla'a Ven, Ca.tI•• on tb. Rb.ln., retain his seat while the lecturer brings the Prosea Fountain, Sara.cen'. Tent, Fall... Column, Proaerplne'. Pilla., caves and their contents to him for exami Th. Or,an-Room, . AII,e!', Wine, nation. In the Cathedral, Imperial Sprin" Helen'. Shawl, Brand'. Calcad•• The ready accessibility of the Luray Cav Emprc'l Column, The Leanine Tower, verns by direct railroad communication Double (or Henry Baird) Map of tbe C.ve, and many othere. they being at Luray, Page County, Va., and Column, but ten hours' ride from Philadelphia, via Of single objects the" Spectre Column," the Pennsylvania Railroad (or less than one "·Coral Cascade," .. Helen's Shawl," .. Em third the distance to Wyandot or Mammoth press Column;" ·.. Frozen Fountain," and the Cave), and the ease of obtaining photographs .. Castles on the Rhine," are especially strik by means of the electric lights employed to ing. The mere names give but faint idea of permanently illuminate the caverns·-riatur the objects themselves. The" Double Col ally make the Caverns of Luray the best umn/' fol:. instance, is a pair of lofty stalag locality for obtaining ill ustrations of cave mitic shafts risi!1g i!! spotless while i(, tlH: I scenery. In addition to this. huwever,'theit: respective heights of thirty-five and sixty is in these caverns more diversified beauty feet. The· .. Imperial Spring" lies under of scenery than anywhere else in the known a canopy fretted by so,ooo stalactites: world. Among many exquisite views it is .. Brand's Cascade," instead of being, as one might suppose,-a pretty waterfall,-is, in reality, a mass of the purest alabaster, re sembling a cataract of milk suddenly con gealed, and then polished to wax-like lustre. Other subterranean views will be exhibited, and the various caverns from which photo graphs have been obtained by any means will be illustrated. Mr. Hovey's lectures on caverns in scien tific or. popular shape' have been delivered before many scientific bodies, and also before fine a\ldiences in various cities of America. LURAY tNN. Tlte Journal ofSpe lea Il History 91 I,-,SUBTERRANEAN SCENERY AND THE LOVELY CAVERNS OF LURA\·. H.-WONDERS OF WVANDO'l' AND MARENGO CAVERNS. IH.-MAZES AND MARVELS OF MAMMOTH CAVE. IV.-MoUNTAINEERING IN COLORADO. '. V.-TH~: CAMERA ON THE TORNADO'S TRACK. VI.-AcADIA: LAND OF llLUI!: NOSl!:s AND Ho~n: 01' EVANGI'LINJo:. VIl.-THE VIRRATORV LAW OF PROGRESS. VIII.-SUB'l'ERRANEAN LIFE, AS BEARING ON Tm:ORIES Ot' EVOI.UTION. The last three lectures are non-pictod'al, but have been in demand, singly, or to lend variety where the series is given. All the others are brilliantly illustrated, each being accompanied by about ol hundred stereopticon views, taken by expert artists at great original expense, and most of them being exhibited by no other person. The three cavern lectures, offer in a condensed and attractive form, the results of many years of costly and often perilous research. Dry details ar~ omitted, and scientific descriptions are enlivened by humorous incidents and stories of wild anu str.mgl~ adventure. A cave-hunter from boyhood, the lecturer has improved the vacation inter vals of a busy professional career, by roaming through sunless realms and sailing on subterranean rivers .and lakes; with as keen a zest as others may have had ill whipping trout-streams, chasilll,{ the all~plope, or yachting amid tropical islands. For terms and dates apply to the Redpath Lyceum Dureau, 120 Tremont Street, Boston. Mass.; or address, directly, Rev. H. C. Hovey, D. D., Bridgeport, Conn. Your attention is respectfully invited to the following individual testimonials, printed by permission, selected fr~m many that h~~$ been received. Probably no one is more familiar with every variety of popular entertainment than thc veterail showman, who wrote to the lecturer as follows, immediately after hearing him describ~ American Caverns: Dear Sir:-Your description and excellent illustrations of Subterranean Scenery, as 1 witllts:.ed them, surpriseu and edified me beyond my anticipations. Few people, I imagine, have kno\\·.l or thought what beautiful and marvelous sights these caverns display. It is almost as wonoerfu I a fact, that modern science has made it possible to so brilliantly illuminate these dark caverns as to enablc the artist to phot~graph every detail so perfectly. Your entertainment abour.ds in novel and valuable information. Very truly yours, P. T. BARNUM. This certifies that Dr. H. C. Hovey's course of lectures here on Caverns and Mountains were listeneu to by very large audiences, and gave universal satisfaction. We ourselves heard them with pleasure, and found them packed with rich, rare and thoughtful things, illustrated by beal\t.iful pictures. The closest attention was had from the first word to the very last. H. C. FARRAR} Conductors of the Round Lake Assembly, B. B. LOOMIS, Saratoga County, N. Y. Dr. Hovey lectured last night before the largest audience we have ever gathered into the . 'ball ,)f the New York Academy of Sciences. He was listened to with marked attention, and his .. .Iantern views of subterranean scenery were considered much the..be~tthat have eVf'!r been displayed . . thu.far. At the close of the lecture a complimentary vote of thanKs-was very warmly tendered by.he members of the Academy. W. LI!:CONTE STEVENS, Professor in the Packer Institute. Rev. H. C. Hovey has twice lectured in our Mechanics' Course on American Ca\·crns. Hi.; lectures were alike appreciated by the mechanics of the audience, anu by the students and professors of Yale College, who usually make a rather critical audience. An authority on his sub;ect, a ready and pleasant speaker, and with a truly magnificent and probably unique set of C41H. vicws, his lecture was an instructive and thoroughly enjoyable one. I am sure that I speak the sentiments of my fellow Professors as well as my own. W. H . BREWER. Professor in the Sheffield Scientific Scbuol, of Yale University. ..-fOR PRESS NOTICES SEE THE NEXT PAGE. Rev. H. C. Hovey, D. D. lectured last night at the Academy of Music ill the Star Course; and some magnificent pictures were shown. He is a pleasant and amusing lecturer, and the fact that he has ~een all he describes adds interest to his very instructive lecture.-PIII'Iadelpllia E1l" tJuirtr. ArnC'tlg the explorers of Wyandot Cave was H. C. Hovey; and when the wonderful caverns of Luray were discovered, he was one of the first to open a pathway with hammer and crow·bar tbJugh forests of stalactites tu the sparry halls and crystal chambers since visited by delighted tb)usands. He has probably explored a hundred American ca vems in all.-I'lliladelpllia Evening Builetifl. To the care and exactness of the scientist, Dr. Hovey adds a clearness of style, an enthusiasm for his work, and a facility of description that makes him very entertaining. His articles in t.he various magazines, his papers read before the American Associ(!tion for the Advancement of Science, and his contributions on caves to the Encyclopedia Britannica, have made him .1 fine reputation as a specialist on this subject, which he has also treated ably in his work on /I Celebrated American Caverns II published by Robert Clarke & Co. of Cincinnati -Louisvi/lt! Courier-Journal. A highly interesting lecture on Mammoth Cave, Ky.. was delivered last week in Chickerin~ Hall, New York City, before the American Geographical Society, by Dr. H. C. Hovey, illustrated by elegant lantern views. The house was crowded by an audience representing the intellectu1.l elite of New York. The general verdict pronounced it one of the most fascinating and instrL,c.tive lectures ever given before the society. As a popu lar Iecturer Dr. Hovey has few equals.-Sdmttpc A mer;can. ~r. Hovey's lecture last night at the South Congregational CllUrch, on the great caverns of our country, was illustrated by many original and striking views, mostly taken by electric light. The scientific descriptions were brightened by bits of humor and thrilling stories of adventure heartily appreciated by the audience. He has given similar lectures before the Brooklyn Institute, and the L,?ng Island Historical Society.-Brooklyn Daily hagle. After the formal opening of the Peter Redpath Museum, the Rev. H. C. Hovey gave an exhibition of photographs, taken by artificial light, of American caverns, accompanied by an admirabl,! explanatory lecture.-,A{olltreal Gazette. 'l'he spacious hall of the Peter Redpath Museum was crowded to its fullest capacity, and Dr. Hovey's lecture on caverns was the most interesting one on that subject it was ever our good fortune to listen to. It was delightfully illustrated by lantern slides, so that the audience were taken bod~ly among the scenes depicted. All joined most heartily in the vote of thanks proposed 'by Sir William Dawson.-Naturalists' Leisure Hour. Whether he treats of Caverns, Mountains or Tornadoes, the lecturer's own interest in his subj ,;<:t never fails to engage that of his hearers.-Millneapolis TribUlII:. Remarkably charming lectures of marvellous descriptive beauty, by one whose studie,s of the famous caverns of the world have perhaps been more exhau~tive than those of any other observer-New Haven Journal and Courier. The course of lectures given here by the indefatigable cave explorer, Dr. H. C. Hovey, were of CllriouS interest, and were illustrated by new and original views taken directly from nature. , This collection represents an immense amount of lauor anti expense, and has probably no equal in the world.-Chaulauqua Assembly Herald. All were charmcu with the Huvcy ICl:LUrcs. With a ridl fund of anecdotes, and vivid descriptions, the lecturer combines an attractive manner; and the views taken by Waldach, Hains, Barton, Damall, Farini and others, are striking and wonderful.-.I?anbury JVt7t'S. Plymouth Church was filled to its utmost capacity to hear Dr. Hovey's lecture on the W'Tao:ldot, Marengo and Mammoth Caves; and hundreds went away unable even to find standi;l~.room. The fine audience attested their thorough appreciation of the pleasing lecture tself, ol:ld of the beautiful and original photographs by which it wag su vividly illustrated.- JlIliiallt-!po/is Sentiful. ' We are glad to c)mmend what has been done by Rev. H. C. Hu\"ey, as a geologist and exploler, not only because the results are worthy of attention in themsc;\,es, but as illustrating the success which a busy plstor may attain in carrying on specia, studies c0ntemporaneously with his reg'Illar parish work.-loston Gmgregationalist. I, I",/'f·ly (·'I/·C,'II.' (If I,,/I'(/!/ will (:,·"II(tI'H "f .""'''''11 rillII. II. IVfJllrl"""'if 1I:¥(llIrl"'ltlitl J/t/l'''I1!/" ("1/'/;1'/1". III. J/II,rf'H (II/fl .Ibu·!·"'" "/till' J/IIII/i/loth (·n,'p. IV. Jf"lIlItfl.iIlN. ('(1/'('•• ,(,/IIi ('1/111111 •• '!I' ( ·"'",-/ld,,. I'. ("U/'((I/(l ('(("(' 1)1('t:t/(,/'.• of .1";,,'''11111(11(/ x, ,", .1/"";",,, J'f. SIIt./",·/·II//I'ltli ,\'I"I"W,-Y (/.lid ('1111,.,··(:/'1)"1111 "ld'If,"IIU·'·. \'1f. ,..,' ""'("'1'1(I/('HII I,i);' (tIlll '1"/,(.(,,.;,,,, "./ 1,:, ·"luli"".;; 1'111. '1'1", I'ill/'ltl",-U I,a'" "f p'·"!I'·'··.·•. " f,\-. Tlu: ('(/I1"".a fill llir. 1i,,·/I//lI,,'.• 1'1'1/,./.. . X . ..iNtrtia: LI/lld',./JJ"", X","'HI/lltl JIIJII/I·I,/.I·;,·I{/I!/I'lil/(" Fur lerll" and dates apply to the Reupath I.y~cum lIurl':lu, 1 ~o Trelllollt ~l, · ""t, n",'h,n. \Io,'s. ; or. autlrcss directly. II. C. !lovey. Ilrid:.:eport. Cnllll. Yqur attention is H':'lH.:'t:tfuHy in\'itcli to the following testitllCJlli:ds, selected frun, many that ha\'c peen received. I'robal:ly no one is more familiar with e\'cry \'ariet)' of popular entertainmcnt Ihan the "elcran showman, who wrot~ to the lecturer as follows: Ilear ~ir :-\'our dl',cription and excellent illustrations of Suhterranean Sccnery, as I witne» cd :hem, surprised "nu edilied me beyond my anticipations. Few people, I imal-:inc, ha\'c known or thollght what heautiful and man'clous sil-:hts these ~averns display. It is almost as w,)f\(I"rful a fact . that modern science has made it possible to ~ o hrilliantly illumin'atc th,,_e d,,,k carcrns as to enal,le the anist to ph>ltograpb C\'crr detail so perfedly. \"ollr cnter tainment abounds in novel :tnd r:tlllahle information. '-ery truly yours. I'. T. I:,\ I; :'\ (. ". ){l'\' . 1(. C. llovcy has lwice ledl1reo in our ~It:t:hanics' Cour:-;e nn :\ ~ll('ri(,:ln t ' ,1\ I " : ' . lIis lectures were alike appreciated by the mechanics of the audience. and by ll,e ,I;:.klll, "".\ profes",r; of Yale College, who usyally make a rather critical audience. .\" alllh.., i:y .." hi, "ubj!:c\. a read)" and pleas:,nt speaker, and with a truly magnilicent and pr"":tloI)' lIll; ,IIll' ,l'\ ..f ca",! vi<\\'s. ilis leclure was an instructive and thoroughly enjoyable on,'. r "Ill ",r,· Ih.11 I speak the seniiments of m)' fello\\: Professors as well as m}' own. W. [I. BREWER. Professor in the Sheffiel~ Scientific School, of \"alt: l i n;\· cr~il)". Re\·. II. C. Hovey, D. D., lectured last night at the Academyof :\lusic in the Star l-""r,, ; ami some m.l:,;'nificent pictures were shown. He is a pleasant and amusing lecturer. anti ,' " fact thai he has seen all he describes adds intere,;t to his \'ery instructh'e lec'ure,-I'I,i/".!,I! ,:' ; r £"'111;,.,.,.. To the care and exactness of the Scientist, Dr. Ho,'ey adds a clearness of ';1)'1,' . .," enthusiasm for his work, 'and a facilitity of description that makes him \'ery entertai,,;n!!'. II" articles in the various magazines, his papers read before the American Association for tl:e .\ll\·anCeOlent of Science, and his contributions on caves to the Encyclopedia Britannica. lIa\ " made him a fine reputation as a specialist on this subject, which he has also treated ably in hi.. work on .. Celebrated American Caverns," publisheu by Robert Clarke .\ Co. of Cincinnati. L~lIin'il/~ Cm"';,·r-J 94 The Journal ojSpe/ean History .\ highly illtcrestillg "",tlIlT <>:\ ~lalllll1()th Co,,·e. I,,·.. was deli'Tn,d Ia"t wwk in ('hicker ill~ Iiall, :"ew York r·ity. !>dore the .\Illl"ricall l;eog-ral'llicd Society. by 11r . II. C. ) [",·e,·. illustrated by elegallt I,,"tern ,·il'''·s. Thc I","se W:lS crowded hy an alHlience rcprescntill~(the intellectual I )r. I (O\'cy's lecture Irlst nig'ht. hdol C the :\alioll:d l ;l'()~Taphical S{H.:ict~· I Oil the.: I, I.ordy Caverns (,f I.uray lind charming t ;rottocs "f Sheudlln," was !>cautifnlly and profllsely ilhhlratp.d. ami was frequently applauded by the br~c alld appreciat i,·c andiencl'.-II'".d,i".::I"" (D. C.) /',,)·f . Dr. Jrm'ey's ledure last night at the South COIlg'I\:;:"tiollal Church. Oil lhl' ;:r~"t ca' <' lI" uf our country. was illustrateu by many orig-illal alld striking ,·iews. 1I1"stly takell hy clectri, light. The scientific desniptiullS were IJrightened by bits of humor alld thrilling stories "f adventure heartily appreciated by the :lUdience. Ill' has given similar k<:lurcs hdore the Brooklyn Institute. and the I .ong Island Histori,al SOl"ict\'.-!Jrc",I./I'1l 1)"i~I ' l,'t/gk :\fter the formal opening of lhe Peter Redpath \1 ""'11 III , the Re\,. II. C. I I ()\'ey gav~ an e.\hibition of photographs, taken by anilicial li;.:ht, of :\Illcrican C:'\'tlll', :l<:l"o llipanied hy an adl11irnh!e explanatory lrc.:llltC.-.l/(Jlllrr"l d (;a~c'lk. The "pacio", hall of the I'eter 1"'''l'alh \I"seunt "·'IS crowded to its 1"lIc'st ,ap",il),. al,,1 I )r. J1n\"~y ' s kc.:ture on G\\'CfllS waS the Illost illtcre~ling one 011 that subjt't:t it \\'a~ eYer O\lr good fortunc to listcn to. It ,,·as delightfully illustrated I,,· lantern , Iides, So that the :""Iience "ere taken bodily ,"nong the ,celles dl"ilicted. All joined Illust heartily in the ,·ote of thanks proposed by Sir \Villiam Dawson.-.\·"/IIrtrli.•-(s L·isllr,·11,,,,r. \\'hether hc tr"ats of Caverns, ?llountains or Tornadoes, the lecturer's own intcrc,;t in his sl,bject never fails to engage that of his hearers.·-illi"",crf"lis Trib'lJlt. ){f.'Ill:1rknhly chnrming lectures of man-cllolls descriptive heal,t}', hy ()Il~ \\ ' ho~ (> !'ll)(lil'~ ()I the famous ca",:rns 01 thc world ha\·e perhaps been l;lore exhaustive th"n those of allY other ob~en · er.-_\-t·;\' 11t171(,'U Journal iTlld Couricr. The course of lectures given here by the indefatigable ca\"t~ nplorer. I)r. II. C. H()\'cr.. were of curiuus interest, and were ill",trated hy new and origill''! views t:lken dire,tly fmm nature. This collcc..:tion represents an irnlllense amolllll of lahor :IIlU L'Xpl'IlSe, and has probably no equal in the world .-C//{/II(IIl1,/II" .~H'·lItI'~" flat/Id. :\11 were ,harllled with the Hm'ey lectures. 'Vith a rich fund of :\necdotcs, and vi,·id descriptions, the lecturer combines all attracti,'e IIIallller: and the ,·i~ws takell by \\'aldach. Hains, Barton, Darnall, Farilli and others. are strikin:: anll wOIHlcrful.-D(1I1/'"')' .\·';(Os. Plymouth Church was lilleu to its .utmost Glpacit), tu hear Dr. Hovey',. lecture on the ,,'randot, :\Iarengo, and i\lammoth Caves; and hUlldreds went awa.y ullable even to lind standing room. The fine audience attested their thorough appreciation of the pleasin~ lecture itself, and of the beautiful and origiual photog'raphs by which it was so vi,·idly iIIustratetl, huliall(1lo/js S,·lIlilld. )Iechamcs' Hall was crowded with an auJienc~ that heard with wondcr a',<1 admimtion Dr. Hovey's description of the great caverns of the world. The distinguished lecturer was introduced by the Mayor of the city. and was welcomed hy a burst of applause. The general verdict was that this lecture was the tinest ever gi"clI here. -S"I<'II' ,V.·ws (~Iass,) 'Ye are glad to commend what has been done by the Rev. H . C. Hover, as a geologist and explorer, not only because the results are worthy uf attention in themselves, but as illustrating the success which a busy pastor may altain in carrying on special studies wntclllp oraneously with his regular parish work,-Bo,'fC)1l COlIgrtg,rliOIl(1lisf. The Journal ofSpeleall History 95 LITERARY MISCELLANY Vol. 1, No.1, May 1811, p. 15-16, A.P.S. II, Reel 131 by Christopher Pitt (1699-1748) 'Deep, au.p tl1e cavern fies. ae:voicl of (igl1t; .IiI(( rougn witl1 rockJ, ana 110rrta is tne sigl1t. Its cfreaafu£( moutl1 is fmc' a witn sa6fe f(oocfs, .IiIncl tl1e brown 110rrors of surround'ing woocfs. 1{ow tnro' tl1e aisma( groom tliey pass, ana tread Grim Pluto's courts, tfie regions of tl1e cft.aa; .IiIs puzzfea trave{fers bewi{aere'a move (Tl1e moon scarce gfimm'ring tl1ro' tl1e cfus~ grove.) Wlien jove from mortar eyes l1as snatcl1ea tlie (igl1t, ana wrapp'el tl1e worfel in und'istinguisne'el nigl1t. submitted by Bill Torode up-TO-DATE SPELUNKERS Old Kentucky Country, by Clark McMeekin, 1957 The 51 ,(x)() acre Mammoth Cave National Park area still attracts many thousands of tourists yearly. In 1954 a group of twenty-five men and five women arrived under the auspices of the National Speleological Association to attempt a project unlike any ever undertaken before. Their plan was to spend a week in Crystal Cave exploring and studying the unchartered labyrinths and streams of its lower levels. They were provided with the most modern scientific instruments and equipment especially designed for their comfort, including knee and elbow pads, helmets and spiked shoes. Who were these people? What was their reason fro subjecting themselves to this ordeal which might prove an invitation to the same horrible death which overtook Royd Collins, Lost John, and uncounted others throughout the centuries? Their ages ranged from twenty to seventy and their occupations included a physician, a geologist, a biologist, a dancing instructor, a photographer, a housewife, a stenographer, and a student. The leader of the group was a twenty-nine-year-old electronics engineer, and they were accompanied by a reporter from the Courier-Journal and that same Skeets Miller, now night executive officer for the National Broadcasting Company, who speaks with modesty of his past heroism and the Pulitzer Prize whi'ch rewarded his lifesaving efforts. Doctors examined the group to see whether its members were physically and psychologically fit for the trip. None must have claustrophobia or an anxiety neurosis 96 TI,'e Journal of Speleall History since some spots in the passage were only fourteen inches wide and others a mere nine inches in depth. Pits and sheer drops, which would endanger life and limb, occurred often. All during the past month the explorers had been in training, auempting to develop seldom used muscles by crawling under beds and low stools. They were required to step onto a lwenty-inch-high stool thirty times a minute for five minutes so that their stamina could be checked and they were given a questionnaire presenting many psychiatric posers since they would have to endure the stress of livi ng together in the darkness through many hours of stress with the added discomfort of unusually bulky clothing and merely basic rations. Three of the women were eliminated for one reason or another, and the final group was composed of the t.wo remaining women and fifty-three men, many of these being volunteers who would assist the scientists, help in the communication center, and deliver the nearly two tons of material to the supply depot a mile inside the cave. They went in on the night of February 14 and endured the torture of the first crawl-way, setting up camp on the rocking [sic] underground terrain two hundred feet below the surface. They had skirted the Bottomless Pit where the ledge was six to twelve inches wide and the only protection a thin steel cable which had been strung for them - did any of them, we wonder, know about young Courtland who had had no cable, no knee pads, for his Bottomless Pit? Day by day telephone reports were .made. The "moles" reported that their strangest sensation came from their inability to distinguish between night and day, their only lights bCing the carbide lamps which they carried. By the end of the fourth day it was noticed that nerves were tensing. "Little men" known only to cave dwellers appeared with greater frequency and louder voices. Phantom lights shone before tired eyes. There is a word for it. That word is "speleopsychosis." The food was an unvarying diet of oatmeal, spaghetti, beans, raw carrots, vitamin pills. And all were flavored with sand. Ablutions were skimpy, the two women settling for facials via cosmetic pads, and the bearded men contenting themselves with a-lick-and-a promise from the icy underground springs, the general comment being, "I feel like something you'd find under a rock." When the long week was up and the party returned "top level" their eyes were unable to focus in the daylight for some time, and they noted, as had every cave dweller in the past, that the smells of the good earth seemed strangel y pungent. The sky was a brighter bl ue than they had remembered it, and the pine trees had never seemed so richly green - so beautiful to behold. Waiting newspapermen got reports that the expedition was considered successful. Its leader believed Crystal Cave could dIspute Mammoth Cave in its claim of being the largest in the world, although neither is, as yet, fully surveyed. He mentioned high wateIfalls and a subterranean river which they had heard but been unable .to reach, a whole nevv' cave system within the labyrinthine paradise, the possibility of a new antibiotic which the microbiologist planned to report to his pharmaceutical company, excellent work one of the women had done in tagging and studying bats .. . . The .Journal ofSpelean History 97 Perhaps they'd all like to go back in the cave for another week, one of the newsmen suggested. The spelunkers looked doubtful as they headed for hot baths, soft beds, and the various other trappings of modem civilization. VIEW-MASTER CAME INTO BEING BY A RARE TWIST OF FATE View-Master News Reel, Vol. I, No.1, July, 1948 Submitted by Dean H. Snyder In the summer of 1938, Bill Gruber and his young bride were vacationing at Oregon Caves National Monument. While there, he was pursuing his hobby of taking stereo (3-D) pictures wi th a pair of Kodak Bantam Cameras. Harold Graves was a supplier of post cards, and was on a business trip to Oregon Caves N. M. He was an excellent photographer and was intrigued with Bill Gruber's 3-D camera set-up. Their conversation led to Bill Gruber's idea to market 3-D stereo scenes in a compact, 7-scene "disk" with a low cost plastic 3-D viewer. The two talked long into the night. To make a long story short, View-Master was conceived that day (and night). Since then, View-Master 3-D Reels have found their way to every comer of the globe. Literally, billions of View-Master Reels and Viewers have been sold, depicting hundreds of subjects - world travel, tourist attractions, cartoons, movies, TV shows, World Fairs, nature, science, space, medical, Chinese Art, old time stereo, commercial and on and on and on. One wonders - if Bill Gruber's chance meeting with Harold Graves hadn't happened, would View-Master 3-D products be here today? Bill Gruber credits his young bride for the success - she had rubbed a "Wishing Stone" while on their tour of Oregon Caves. 98 Tile Jou;nal ofSpeleall History Index for Journal of Spelean History Volume 26 (1992) compiled by Joseph C. Douglas Abime de Bramabiau 54. Abre de Cap Blanc 52. Abre Pataud 52. abstracts, papers presented at the 1992 N.S.S. Convention. "Cherokee Cave is Still There," 51. "Harry Fox's Lost Cave on Mauna Loa Volcano," 50, 51. accidents 65, 66, 67-76, 83. Agassiz, Louis 15. American Antiquities and Discoveries in the west 15. American Spelean History Association 1992 Spelean History Session 3. 1992 Membership list 84. Treasury Report 55. Ancient Monument of the Mississippi Valley 15. Archaeology 11, 14, 15, 18, 51-55, 63, 67, 79-8l. Armand, Louis 54. Ashe, Thomas 14, 15. Authors Larry o. Blair 63, 64. Johann David Schoepf 82, 83. Paul H. Damon, Sr. 26-33, 38-44. Trevor R. Shaw 4-10. Joseph C. Douglas 79-81. Gary K. Soule 3, 67-76. Fred Grady 3, 4, 20-23, 78. Marion o. Smith 45, 46, 64. Russell Gurnee 11-20. Joseph A. Waddell 57-59. William R. Halliday M.D.49-50, 51-55 Joseph E. Walsh 51. Susan Holler 49, 50. Kim Opatka 34-37. David B. Reger 77, 78. Aven Armand 54. Aven d'Orgnac 54. Bailey, Thomas 80. Barr, Thomas 80. Bear Cave, PA. 34-37. Biology 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 51, 52, 66, 67-76, 78. Boone, Daniel 13, 14. Boone's Grave Cave, IN. 14. Boone's Mill Cave, IN. 14. Bransford, Matt 66. Bransford, Nick 66. breweries 51. Buell, Abel 49. Carlsbad Caverns, NM. 67-76. cartoons 76. Carver Cave, MN. 14. Castaret, Norbert 55. cave studies 11-20. caves Idaho 3, 4. near Greenbriar River, WV. 65, 66. The Journal ojSpelean History 99 near Lake City, FL. 63. near Rutherford and Obed River, TN. 83. on Abney's Hill in Staunton, VA. 57-59. Pennsylvania 22, 23. unknown 47. Celebrated American Caves 17. chalk caves 8. Cherokee Cave, MO. 50. Choppy, Jaques 51-55. Civil War 4, 16, 17, 21, 45, 46, 64. Cobb, Bradford 3. collections of historical material 49, 50. Coon Creek Cave, AL. 45, 46. Cope, Edward Drinker 18, 20-23. criminals associated with caves 57-59, 72, 75, 79-81. Cull, R. Ellsworth 17. Davis, Edwin H. 15. Davis, General A. W. G. 65, 66. Davis, William Morris 18. Delaney's Cave, PA. 26-32. DeSoto Caverns, AL. 12. Descriptions of Tennessee Caves 80. Endless Cave, VA. 18, 78. Freemont, John Charles 3, 4. France 51-55. Geology 15, 17, 18, 50-55, 56, 57, 67-76. George Washington Cave, VA. 13. Grand Caverns (Weyer's Cave), VA. 16, 18. Grotte Cro-Magnon 52. Grotte de Clamouse 55. Grotte Prehistorique de l'Age du Renne de la Saltpetriere 54, 55. Grottes de st. Marcel Grottes des Desmoiselles (Fairies) 54. Grotto de la Deveze 53. Grotto de Padirac 53. Grotto de Rouffignac 52. Grotto du Gran Roc 52. Grotto du Perche-Merle 53. guano mining 67. Harry Fox's Lost Cave, Hawaii 50, 51. Hess, Lee 51. Hill Caves of Yucatan 18. Hovey, Horace Carter 17, 54. Howe Caverns 16, 20, 21. Joly, Robert de 54. Journal of a Tour in the United States, Canada and Mexico 4-10. Judges Cave, MA. 12. Keg County Caverns, TN. 79. 100 Tlte Journal ofSpeleall History Lascoux 51. Laurel Caverns, PA. 26. Lemp, Adam 51. Les Abimes 11 . Lexington Catacombs, KY. 15. lighting (including manufacturing) 36, 38-44, 67-76. Long, K. A . 26, 32. Lost River (Indian) Cave, TN. 21, 22. Luray Caverns, VA. 4-10, 17, 18. Madison's Cave, VA. 13. Mammoth Cave, KY. 11, 14, 16, 22, 61, 62, 66. Mammoth Cave of Kentucky 17. Manitou Cave, CO. 18. maps 32,33,35,36,49. Martel, Edouard Alfred 11, 53, 54. Massanutten Caverns, VA. 3. Matthews Cave [?], AL. 64. Matthews, Larry E. 80. Meadowcroft Rock Shelter, PA . 11. Mercer, Henry Chapman 18. Meriam, Ebenezer 14. Merrill, G.P. 18. Metzger, Tom 26, 34-37. moonshine 79-81. movies 70, 73. museums 51, 52, 53, 55. N.S.S. 1992 Convention 3. Library 50. New Cave, NM. 71. New River Cave, VA. 21. Nickajack Cave, TN. 22. Ogle Cave, NM. 67. Owen, David Dale 16. Packard, Alpheus Spring 17. Peacock Cave, WV. 77, 78. Phillips, Howard O. 29-31. photography 26-32, 51, 67, 68, 72, 73. Pittsburgh 38-44. postcards 26-32. Priest, Joseph 15. prohibition 51, 79-81. Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel 14, 15. saltpeter 14-16, 21, 45, 46, 54, 55, 56, 64, 77, 78, 82, 83. Shine Well, TN. 80. Shoepfer, Johann David 82, 83. Short Cave, KY. 15. Sibert's Well, IN. 22. The Journal ojSpelean History 101 Silliman, Benjamin 15. Simposio Internazionale Sulla Protostoric Della Speleologia 11. slavery 66. Smith, Marion O. 79. Soule, Gary K. 83. Squier, Ephraim 15. Squire Boone Caverns, IN. 14. Summers, Zachariah 64. Tellkampf, Theodore 15. Travels in America, Performed in 1806 15 Travels in the Confederation (1783-1784) 82, 83. Weaver Cave, TN. 79. Winefred Lady Howard of Glossop 1, 2, 4-10. Woodlee Cave, TN. 81. Wyandotte Cave, IN. 11, 16, 17, 22, 23. 102 The ]ou;nal ofSpeleall History Index for Journal of Spelean History Volume 27 (1993) compiled by Joseph C.Douglas Ameri~an Spelean History Association Articles of Incorporation 14. Byla,,,rs 15. History of 21, 22. Membership list - 1970 16. N.S.S. Internal Organization Certificate 18. Officers 1967-1993 19, 20. Archaeology 25-30. "Art of Darkness," 43, 44. Authors Larry O. Blair 38, 39. Art Palmer 3-6, 22. Donald G. Davis 77-87. William H. Peters 72-74. Joseph C. Douglas 39-41. Trevor R. Shaw 63. Angelo I. George 25-30. Marion O. Smith 36, 37, 47-54. Fred Grady 43. Joel M. Sneed 43, 44. William R. Halliday M.D. 64-70. Jack H. Speece 21, 22. Thaddeous Mason Harris 35, 36. Wade E. Speer 32-35. Susan Holler 25. Morris D. Sullivan 57, 58. Robert A. Holt 61, 62. Tabitha Burnside Walker 56. Maud Orr Howell 75, 76. Jack Hurley 71, 72. Tom Metzgar 31, 32. Marilyn Owen 57. Bat Bomb 43. Bat [Hubbard's] Cave, TN. 75, 76. Ba ts 10, 11. [Big] Bear Cave, TN. 75. Big Bone Cave, TN. 27-30. Book and Article Reviews 43, 44. Butts County [GA.] Cave 38, 39. Carlsbad Caverns, NM. 70. Catacombs of Lexington, KY. 56. Cave In Rock, IL. 35, 36, 55. Cave on Cane Creek, AR. 58, 59. Caves at Chickhour River, India[?] 45, 46. Chapel Cave, PA. 7-11. Cisle Cave, AR. 58, 59. Civil War 36, 37, 47-54, 58, 59, 60. Collins, Floyd 23, 24. Coon Creek Cave, AL. 36, 37. Copperas Cave, TN. 25-30. Couffer, Jack 43. Fallout Shelters 71, 72, 72-74. Fort Payne [Manitou] Cave, AL. 47-54. George Austin Cave, TN. 39~41. Georgia 38, 39. The Journal ofSpelean History 103 Hauer, Peter M. 13. Spelean History Award 13. Howe Caverns, NY. 61, 62, 63. Howes, Chris 43, 44. Johnson Cave, TN. 26. Letter to the Editor 25. Lighting Carbide 75. Electric 62. Kerosene 12. liquids, storage of 39-41. Mammoth Cave, KY. 10, 58. Mitchell, Jack 12. Mitchell's Cavern, CA. 12. moonshine 39. N.S.S., history of 3-6, 22, 25. New Mexico 32-35. Neville, Russell TraIl 61, 62, 64-70. Peter Rock Cave, TN. 76. photography 43, 44, 64-70. Postojna Jama, Yugoslavia 64. Roaring Springs Cave, AZ. 41, 42. Saltpetre [and artifacts] 36, 37, 47-54, 58, 59, 60, 76. Salts Cave, KY. 70. Sand Cave, KY. 23, 24. Sarah Furnace Cave, PA. 31, 32. Short Cave, KY. 25. Sinking Creek Cave System, KY. 57. Spanish Cave, CO. 77-87. Swallow's Cave at Nahant, MA. 1, 2, 16. Texas 43, 58, 59. treasure in caves 32-35, 77-87. White Cave, KY. 28. Wilson's Cave, VA. 64. 104 The Journal ofSpe lea II His/ory AMERICAN SPELEAN HISTORY ASSOCIATION SECRETARY - TREASURER'S REPORT Income for 1994 Expenses for 1994 Surplus $775.66 $567.58 $108.08 Income for 1994 is mostly dues, subscriptions, and back orders. Interest income for 1994 was $59.66. Expenses were printing, postage and supplies. Income as of July 1995 Expenses as of July 1995 Deficit $381.06 $469.20 $88.14 Our bank has recently changed hands from Home Federal Savings and Loan to First Union Bank. submitted by Fred Grady Secretary - Treasurer American Spelean History Association The Journal ojSpelean History 105 -.