International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

A LITERATURE REVIEW ON BUILDING A FUTURE TOWARDS ENGINEERING

Rauak Mishra Ram Sundar Matang Department of Physics Department of Plus Two St. Xavier’s College, Kathmandu, Province-3, Nepal St. Xavier’s College, Kathmandu, Province-3, Nepal

Abstract— In the present context of Nepal, students face Someone who uses Engineering Problem Solving techniques to various problems for choosing the correct subject after develop and improve consumer products, drugs (the good kind), their higher secondary studies. As a student of Physics, I factory processes, buildings and bridges, computer programs, and most of the students look forward to their career in electronics is an Engineer. different fields of Engineering. In this paper we’ll discuss ISTORY OF ENGINEERING the different types of Engineering and compare the aspects II. H of building the future in each field in the context of the The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as world and compare it with the perspective of Nepal. humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the The main purpose of the study is to help the upcoming modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical generations to choose a better field of engineering and make principles to develop useful tools and objects. them realize their own qualities and strength. As well as this will also develop a basic idea in them about what they need The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, to know before choosing their major. deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engineer (literally, one who operates an engine) The paper contains the history of engineering in the world originally referred to “a constructor of military engines”. The and how it developed in Nepal, requisite and prerequisite, word "engine" itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving qualities to be an engineer, comparison of salaries of from the Latin ingenium (c. 1250), meaning "innate quality, different engineers in Nepal with respect to the world, especially mental power, hence a clever invention." benefits of Engineering and more. Later, as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and Going through the paper, we’ll also come through various buildings matured as a technical discipline, the term civil results and data collected from primary sources through a engineering entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between sample survey of about 30-35 engineering candidates. We those specializing in the construction of such non-military also found that most of the people faced various problems projects and those involved in the older discipline of military after selecting a major without complete research and engineering (the original meaning of the word "engineering," information about the field. now largely obsolete, with notable exceptions that have survived to the present day). Finally, we’ll come to a conclusion with a list of things to Advances were made in all areas, including technologies that consider before building your future towards engineering. transformed everyday activities. For example, in:

 1851, Isaac Singer patents a continuous stitch sewing Keywords— Engineering, History, Types, Qualities machine  1868, Christopher Sholes patents the first practical I. INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING typewriter  1873, Andrew Hallidie invents cable cars for use in Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and San Francisco build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges,  1874, Joseph Glidden invented barbed wire tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of  1876, Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized  1884, Lewis E Waterman patents a practical fountain fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on pen particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. III. HOW TO BE AN ENGINEER? The term engineering is derived from the Latin word ingenium, 1. Earn a graduate degree: Many engineering meaning "cleverness" and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, management roles and higher require a master’s degree. Not devise".

82

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) only does a graduate degree convey to companies that you have Engineering the technical ability and knowledge needed to lead, studying for one also helps you develop leadership skills in class. Through 2. group work on collaborative engineering projects, students get to practice for real-world leadership roles. Architectural 2. Network: Networking inside and outside of the Engineering workplace is essential for engineering leaders. Learning about the work that is going on in your industry can clue you in to Environmental trends that will affect your own work, and you can also form Engineering relationships with people who may be able to refer you to or hire you for management roles in the future. Geotechnical 3. Work on what you're passionate about: If you're Engineering currently working in an engineering role, volunteer for projects that sound exciting or in which you can lead small groups. Structural Working on tasks that inspire you will make it easier to show Engineering your own managers where you excel and what potential you have as a leader. Go above and beyond what is expected of you Mining Engineering in your current role so that you stand out when management roles open up, or so that you can list your accomplishments on Transport a resume when looking for other positions. Engineering IV. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENGINEER IN THE WORLD Utility Engineering In a survey I made, a maximum number of people were familiar Water Resources with only 10-20 branches of Engineering. So, it became very Engineering important to list out the major branches and their sub-branches in this research article. 3. Electrical Engineering

Computer Engineering

Power Engineering

A List of different types of engineering in the world is presented Optical Engineering hereunder: Electrical and S.N. Major Engineering Sub-Branches Electronics Branches Engineering

1. Chemical 4. Engineering

Biomolecular Acoustical Engineering Engineering

Materials Manufacturing Engineering Engineering

Molecular Optomechanical Engineering Engineering

Process Engineering Thermal Engineering

Corrosion Sports Engineering

83

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

Vehicle Engineering Project Engineering

Powerplant Railway Engineering Engineering Software Energy Engineering Engineering

5. Interdisciplinary Supply Chain Engineering Aerospace Engineering Systems Engineering

Agricultural Telecommunications Engineering Engineering

Applied Engineering Textile Engineering

Audio Engineering Reverse Engineering

Automotive 6. Social Engineering Engineering 7. Financial Biomedical Engineering Engineering V. SCOPES OF VARIOUS ENGINEERING Biomedical Nano- Engineering In Nepal, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics 2014, the illiterate unemployment (unemployed and illiterate) is 2.1 per Biological cent in the country, whereas literate/educated unemployment Engineering (unemployed despite having a college degree) rate is 4.1 percent. Building Services Engineering 01. Mechanical Engineering: After completing this programme, students can work in the Energy Engineering following industries:  Machinery manufacturing Information  Scientific research and development Engineering  Automotive industry  Construction and building Industrial  Aerospace Engineering  Maintenance Engineer  Nuclear Engineer Mechatronics  CAD Technician Engineering  Control and Instrumentation Engineer  Automotive Engineer Marine Engineering 02. Electronics and Telecommunications: Mining and These experts can work in the following fields: Geological  Telecommunications and IT Engineering  Manufacturing  Quality Assurance Nano Engineering  Utilities  Consumer goods production Nuclear Engineering  Electronics Engineer  System Control Engineer Petroleum  Test and Integration Engineer Engineering  Electronics design and Development Engineer  Wireless communication  Satellite communication

84

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

 Microwave communication calculations to develop and build products; arrive at  Automation specifications for manufacturing and installation of a product;  Robotics and testing products to ensure they meet the production criteria.  Machine Learning In the context of Nepal it has a very good scope in Hydropower  Data Science Plants and NEA.  PLC, FPGA 07. Environmental Engineering 03. Civil Engineering: In case of an environmental adversity, such as an oil spill, a community turns to these kinds of engineers for support. They These professionals are required in the following domains: are handy when a city needs to improve its recycling program.  Construction Some of the specific job duties of environmental engineers  Transport and Communications Infrastructure include conducting environmental investigations, creating  Coastal and Marine environmental protection plans, and inspecting industrial  Energy and power facilities to ensure they comply with applicable laws.  Geotechnical  Consulting Civil Engineer 08. Nuclear Engineering:  Design Engineer These engineers develop ways to leverage nuclear energy and  Nuclear Engineer radiation. Their work can be found in medical devices used to  Site Engineer treat and diagnose patients, as well as power sources found in  Structural Engineer airplanes and ships. Some of the Nuclear Engineer job roles  Constructing quality roads include design and development of equipment such as radiation sheltering, reactor cores; examining the nuclear accidents to 04. Computer Science Engineering: find the cause and to create prevention policies; scripting After the completion of this course, students can work in the guidelines for nuclear waste handling and disposal rule and also following areas: to mentor the operations of nuclear power plants in order to  Manufacturing ensure its smooth and lawful functioning.  Product development  Cybersecurity 09. Materials Engineering:  Operating systems and networks Material engineers make use of material to create products used  Robotics in everyday life – which is accomplished by developing, testing  Software Developer and processing materials in order to find the right elements for  Computer Network Architect a specific product. Job roles of Material engineer comprise  Mobile Application Developer creating finances for projects and ensuring proper  Computer Hardware Engineer implementation of these projects; investigating product failures  IT Project Manager and finding the reason and solution for the failure and to also supervise the work of technicians and scientists. 05. Information Technology: Information Technologists are required in the following 10. : industries: They use their domain knowledge to manage materials, devices,  Data processing and hosting information and even people in order to create products or  Telecommunications provide services. The job of an Industrial Engineer demands the  Education, Finance and Insurance review of processes in order to uncover the wastefulness,  Database Designer creating efficient ways to manufacture products, scrutinizing  Computer Programmer production issues and implementation of quality control  System Administrator measures. Streamlining the production schedule is also one of  Quality Assurance Specialist the roles involved in the job profile of Industrial engineers.  Network Architect 11. Chemical Engineering: 06. Aerospace Engineering: Chemical engineers work in laboratories to create experiments  Airlines which results in reducing the gap in investigation and  Air Force manufacturing of chemical goods and apparatus. Scope of work  Research Companies is from optimizing DNA order to discovering an alternative for  Helicopter Companies gasoline. Chemical Engineering encompasses the study of  Aircraft Manufacturers Chemistry, Biology, Math and Engineering Sciences. Students learn to create new medicines and fertilizers, optimize resource Electrical Engineering productivity or manage compound plants and industries. They create electrical systems used in products which are then designed, developed and tested. These engineers find the most 12. Automobile Engineering: suitable ways to use electrical power. The process involves These engineers work on design and creation of automobiles

85

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) which run on different energy sources to travel faster and and manufacturing companies. Robotics is a rapidly growing smarter with comfort. They can work as a design engineer to field full of opportunities for engineering students who have develop new designs for vehicles, or in the production good aptitude and a creative mind. Industries across a range of department giving shape to the design or in the testing sectors such as automotive, atomic energy, defence, space, department analyzing the loopholes in the design and metals, textiles and manufacturing use Robotic technologies manufacturing. All departments are inter related and each one very extensively. should know all the jobs to excel better. With global players, like Google investing in Robotics and several open source tools and platforms available for robotics 13. Biotechnology Engineering: — there is going to be significant development in this field in Biotechnology is a branch where you study how to work on another 5–10 years. Some of the possible job roles include, chemical compositions and structure to create better molecules. Robot Design Engineer, Flexible Manufacturing Engineer, Engineers in the subject implement these compositions to Automated Product Design Engineer, Artificial Intelligence — manufacture products to masses. The subject has a mixer of Thinking Machines and Systems, Space survey & Analysis chemical, biology and engineering. Engineer and System Design & Analysis Engineer. 14. Production Engineering: VI. QUALITIES OF AN ENGINEER A Production Engineer is responsible for safe manufacturing equipment and production processes with cost effectiveness. 01. Focus: The work is normally involved in areas like Installation and Focus and attention to details are essential to get the job done maintenance. Maintenance involves working with Technicians accurately, safely, and on time. to resolve problems with the plant or machinery. Installation involves purchase of new machinery and deciding is optimal 02. STEM Skill: utilization. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills are what fuel the complex mind of engineers. STEM 15. Agricultural Engineering: education creates critical thinkers, increases science literacy, It is the branch of engineering which helps in planning and and enables the next generation of innovators. supervising to develop agricultural production. In this, Innovation leads to new products and processes that sustain our engineers suggest the best ways to optimize the resources and economy. This innovation and science literacy depends on a make the process smoother. solid knowledge base in the STEM areas. STEM education helps to bridge the ethnic and gender gaps sometimes found in 16. Architectural Engineering: math and science fields. This branch of engineering is multitasking as it includes designing, planning, maintaining the space, material and 03. Can debug anything quickly: providing a proper structure to the building. Also, the field “The quicker you can fix, the more time you can spend building research, selecting the site, safety, quality, costing as well as the value.”, and the less trust you lose with your customers. The overall construction comes under Architecture Engineering. better you fix, and simplify, the more time you free up in the future that may otherwise have been spent fighting further 17. Biomedical Engineering: regressions. Good fixes come from those who deeply It is a multidisciplinary subject. Along with Biology it requires understand the problem. the knowledge of different fields of engineering like Electronics, Electrical and Computer. As far as Biology is 04. Logical Thinking and Reasoning; concerned, candidates should have the knowledge about tissue A great engineer needs to be able to comprehend complex engineering, cell biology, genetic engineering and biomaterials. systems, how they work, how problems arise and how to fix them. 18. Marine Engineering: Marine engineering is the branch which deals with the 05. Attention to detail: designing, building, testing and repairing of boats, ships, Paying attention to the minutest of details throughout the course underwater craft, and offshore platforms and drilling of any project is crucial in engineering because the cost of equipment. Institutions like International Maritime Academy making even the slightest of errors is huge. recruit marine engineers to the post of junior engineers in merchant ships. There are also lucrative career options in public 06. Creativity and Innovation: and private shipping companies, engine production firms, ship A competent engineer is always creative enough to think building and designing firms, navy and research bodies. outside of the box and device ways and means to improve After graduating as a marine engineer, one can get a job in a existing systems and innovate new ones. ship as an engineer. They can also get employed in different shipping companies. 07. Team Player: It goes saying; you can go further when you work together. Any 19. Automation and Robotics Engineering: project that is completed successfully and efficiently has a great Robots are increasingly becoming a key part of most production team, and not just one person, working behind it.

86

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

08. Practical and Resourceful: But in a survey When issues arise, an engineer must be able to think quickly and use what they have to solve the problem. Engineers are able to think out of the box and apply their knowledge in practical and resourceful ways.

09. Ethical: Engineers frequently work to solve problems for people. Thus it is essential for engineers to always follow the rules and complete work in an ethical manner, keeping everyone safe and I made only 46.7% students consulted their academic advisor happy. while 53.3% didn’t as shown in the pie chart on the above. And also only 40% people did internships whereas 60% didn’t 10. Open mind and positive attitude: as shown in the piechart alongside. Studying Theories in books If engineers are to solve challenging technical problems, they and practising in real life are two different things. Those who should be imaginative and optimistic. It is this attitude that can didn’t do internships confessed that they had to face more enable them to be successful. problems during job placement and start to work at low salary due to lack of experience. 11. Communication skills:

Work doesn’t happen in a vacuum. Engineers need strong communication skills to work with clients, team members, and supervisors effectively and efficiently. They also relay project parameters and deadlines to their reports, while providing updates to their managers and clients. Moreover, regular communication builds trust and makes it easier for all team members to do their jobs well. For engineers to be successful over the course of their careers, communication skills are just as important as technical knowledge. This is certainly the case Internships are necessary for the following reasons: in engineering firms, where collaboration is key.  To learn corporate working practice  Internships lead to effectiveness in a particular sector 12. Ambitious and Determined; of job Great companies have huge ambition – which initially comes  Internships teach you what actually happens in the real from awesome founders, but is sustained and thrives with the world, not the college addition of ambitious people they hire.  For practical exposure, and enhancing soft skills “Ambition is a ceiling to success.”  To Learn More About Yourself  Get Connected and Develop Your Professional 13. Analytical Ability; Network Engineers are required to think analytically in order to fully  To prevent CV From Going To The Trash define a problem and develop solutions suited to the problem.  Gain experience and increase marketability VII. SOME IMPORTANT FAQS  Learn how a professional workplace operates

A. Is Internship or consulting an academic advisor necessary? To avoid facing problems in the upcoming future, it’s better to Academic Advising is necessary for following reasons: consult your academic advisor for suggestions before choosing  To confirm the academic requirements for your degree your major subject. Also, doing an internship during your  To make sure you are enrolled in the right classes course or after it may help you during job placement and work  To explore major and career options as well and also add a star to your resume.  To plan future steps in your education  To become familiar with student information systems, B. Is Research necessary? such as Banner and GradesFirst In a survey, I conducted among 30 people who have already  To make connections between challenging academic been or are willing to be an engineer, only 57.9% of them have work and your future success conducted research before choosing their field whereas the rest 42.1% didn’t. But It is very much important to make research before you select a particular field about its future scope because the world is changing gradually and the field that has a great scope today mayn’t have much scope in the upcoming days when you complete your study.

87

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

complex mind of engineers. Engineers frequently work to solve problems for people. It is important to identify when a problem exists, Evaluate relevant information, then Assess alternatives and impacts, Act decisively and re-assess the situation. VIII. BENEFITS OF ENGINEERING  Challenging (You Don’t Get Bored)  Flexible Job Opportunities  Good Pay and Benefits So, it is much beneficial to have some research and survey about  Lasting and Tangible Products the change in future scopes and remuneration of your field.  Help to humankind  International opportunities C. Why choose Engineering?  Intellectual Development In the survey I made, only 71.4% of people choose engineering  Potential to Benefit Society because of their passion and they love Engineering while others  Technological and Scientific Discovery chose it for various other reasons like for better salary, respect  Develop Creative Thinking in society, better job opportunities, etc. while few of them even  Every day is different don’t know why they chose Engineering.  The job always evolves and changes

IX. ENGINEERING IN NEPAL “Engineering!” is the most common answer you will get if you ask a science student of +2 in Nepal what s/he wants to study after completing their intermediate level. Engineering is gaining more popularity with the increase in colleges and institutions that teach Engineering in Nepal and their effort to attract more students. The scope of Engineering in Nepal is also increasing with the increase in developmental activities, although it is at a slow rate. About 1000 Engineers are produced each year in Nepal (According to an article in the Kathmandu Post).

ISTORY OF NGINEERING IN EPAL It is generally recommended that before choosing your field of X. H E N study, you must know why you are choosing that and what In 1972, the Nepal Engineering Institute at Pulchowk and the qualities do you need to choose it. Before choosing a particular Technical Training Institute at Thapathali were brought field you must be clear that you choose it for your personal together under the umbrella of the to happiness not because of family pressure, or because your constitute the and the Nepal friends or relative chose that field. You should choose a field Engineering Institute and the Technical Training Institute were only if you’ve an interest in it and you like being engaged in renamed as and Thapathali Campus that. respectively. D. Requirement of Self-Confidence in Maths and Science The technician programs in Electrical, Electronics, In my survey I found that only 14.3% of engineering fans are Refrigeration/Air-conditioning Engineering were started in the 80-100% confident in their Science and Maths problem solving Pulchowk Campus, with the assistance from UNDP/ILO. From skills. Most of them (42.9%), as shown in the graph alongside, the academic year 1998/99 IOE has started a Bachelor's Degree are about 60-80% confident. program in . In 1996 Pulchowk Campus, with support from the Norwegian Government, started M.Sc. Courses in Urban Planning, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Water Resources Engineering Pulchowk Campus have also started M.Sc. courses in Renewable energy and Geothermal Engineering, Information and communication and Power systems Engineering effective from December, 2001.The diploma level programs at the Pulchowk Campus have been transferred to other three IOE campuses. The Thapathali Campus is presently offering three-year Diploma level courses in Mechanical, Automobile, Civil It is most important for an engineer in Maths and Science Engineering and Architecture. problem solving skills because STEM skills are what fuel the

88

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

XI. NAME OF SOME COLLEGES AFFILIATED TO DIFFERENT NIVERSITIES IN EPAL U N School of Engineering

S.N. Name of Universities Name of Colleges 3. Purbanchal University Affiliated Aryan School of 1. Tribhuvan University Engineering and management Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Kantipur International Engineering(IoE) College

Kathmandu Engineering College of Biomedical College Engineering and Applied Sciences Sagarmatha Engineering College Hillside College of Engineering Lalitpur Engineering College Kantipur City College(KCC) National College of Engineering Purbanchal University School of Engineering Himalaya College of and Technology(PUSET) Engineering 4. Kathmandu University Kantipur Engineering College Kathmandu University School of Engineering Kathford International College of Engineering XII. AVERAGE SALARY OF VARIOUS ENGINEERS IN THE and Management WORLD Khwopa College of A survey that I conducted among about 30 people only 57.1% Engineering people have reviewed the average salary potential before selecting their specific field of study while 42.9% of them 2. Pokhara University haven’t as shown in the chart alongside.

Nepal Engineering College

Gandaki College of Engineering and Sciences

Khwopa Engineering College

Everest Engineering It is very important to know about how much you will be paid College after a few years for a certain job you desire because money is very important for survival. You can’t have food to eat, clothes RITZ College of to wear and home to live without money. If you want your Engineering and desires to be fulfilled, you must review the salary potential of Management your field before selecting. A person working in Engineering in Nepal typically earns Nepal College of around 96,500 NPR per month. Salaries range from 53,400 Information Technology NPR (lowest average) to 128,000 NPR (highest average, actual maximum salary is higher).

89

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 82-90 Published Online August 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

Engineering professionals in Nepal observe about a 5% salary team player, ambitious, etc. are the main qualities of a increment every 28 months on an average. successful engineer. You should choose a field only if you’ve an interest in it and you like being engaged in that. S.N. Branch of Engineering Average Having some research and survey about the change in future Salary(p.a.) scopes and salary potential of your field is recommended beneficial. If you don’t want to face problems in the upcoming 1. Electrical Engineering $97,970 future, consulting your academic advisor for suggestions before choosing your major subject is a better option. The thing that 2. Software Engineering $100,690 may help you during job placement and work as well and also add a star to your resume is doing an internship during your 3. Mechanical Engineering $85,880 course or after it. Engineers frequently work to solve problems for people, so it is important to identify when a problem exists, 4. Industrial Engineering $85,880 evaluate relevant information, then assess alternatives and impacts, act decisively and re-assess the situation. 5. Aerospace Engineering $113,030 Engineering started in Nepal when in 1972, the Nepal Engineering Institute at Pulchowk and the Technical Training 6. Chemical Engineering $102,106 Institute at Thapathali were brought together under the umbrella of the Tribhuvan University to constitute the Institute of 7. Environmental Engineering $86,800 Engineering and the Nepal Engineering Institute and the 8. Agricultural Engineering $74,780 Technical Training Institute were renamed as Pulchowk Campus and Thapathali Campus respectively. When an 9. Petroleum Engineering $132,280 Engineer works in Nepal, he/she earns around 90,700 NPR per month on an average (53,400 NPR minimum and 128,000 NPR 10. Geological Engineering $84,320 maximum). XIV. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11. Biomedical Engineering $88,040 “A research article can never be written without the assistance 12. $82,200 and encouragement of other peoples. And definitely this is not an exception.” 13. Nuclear Engineering $105,810 I would like to thank all those whose assistance proved to be a milestone in the accomplishment of my end goal. I would also 14. Civil Engineering $84,770 like to present my special thanks to my teachers, especially Ram Sundar Matang (Department of Physics, St. Xavier’s College), 15. Structural Engineering $82,845 who helped me deal with the constraints for my research, reviewed this article and supported me to successfully complete XIII. CONCLUSION this research project, Building a Future Towards Engineering. Also, I would like to express my gratitude to Santosh Mishra, According to the Central Bureau of Statistics 2014, a total of Secondary level Science teacher, for all his efforts. He is the 4,000,200 people are not getting jobs befitting their one who helped me at every stage of this project. He was always qualification and skills. To decrease this rate, it becomes very ready to solve the problems that arose during the research. important for everyone to have a better knowledge of job I also extend my gratitude to all the staff and teachers of the placements and salary of the field they’ve chosen. Department of Physics, St. Xavier’s College, Kathmandu, Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and Nepal for giving me the opportunity. build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The term engineering towards my parents and members of my family who supported itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the me morally as well as economically. word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an At last but not the least gratitude goes to my friends, seniors, engineer (literally, one who operates an engine) originally and elder brothers who directly or indirectly helped me referred to “a constructor of military engines”. complete this research article. In order to be an Engineer, earn a graduate degree, make It is wholeheartedly expressed that your advice for my research Networks and work on what you're passionate about. There are proved to be a landmark effort towards the success of this now six major branches of engineering: Mechanical, Chemical, research. Civil, Electrical, Management, and Geotechnical, and literally Any omission in this brief acknowledgement does not mean hundreds of different subcategories of engineering under each lack of gratitude. branch. Each branch of engineering has a different scope and different work. STEM skill, debugging anything quickly,

Logical Thinking and Reasoning, Open mind & positive attitude, attention, Creativity and Innovation, communication,

90