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The Apollo Medical Operations Project: Recommendations to Improve Crew Health and Performance for Future Exploration Missions and Lunar Surface Operations

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The Apollo Medical Operations Project: Recommendations to Improve Crew Health and Performance for Future Exploration Missions and Lunar Surface Operations NASA/TM–2007–214755 The Apollo Medical Operations Project: Recommendations to Improve Crew Health and Performance for Future Exploration Missions and Lunar Surface Operations Richard A. Scheuring, DO, MS, NASA Jeffrey A. Jones, MD, MS, NASA James. D. Polk, DO, MS, NASA David B. Gillis, MD, Ph.D., UTMB/NASA Josef Schmid, MD, MPH, NASA James M. Duncan, MD, NASA Jeffrey R. Davis, MD, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Joseph D. Novak, MEng University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 September 2007 THE NASA STI PROGRAM OFFICE . IN PROFILE Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key meetings sponsored or cosponsored by part in helping NASA maintain this important NASA. role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by technical, or historical information from Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA programs, projects, and mission, NASA’s scientific and technical information. often concerned with subjects having The NASA STI Program Office provides access substantial public interest. to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- in the world. The Program Office is also language translations of foreign scientific NASA’s institutional mechanism for and technical material pertinent to NASA’s disseminating the results of its research and mission. development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Specialized services that complement the STI Series, which includes the following report Program Office’s diverse offerings include types: creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of results . even providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA programs and include extensive data Program Office, see the following: or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page technical data and information deemed to be at http://www.sti.nasa.gov of continuing reference value. NASA’s counterpart of peer-reviewed formal • E-mail your question via the internet to professional papers but has less stringent [email protected] limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • Fax your question to the NASA Access Help Desk at (301) 621-0134 • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary • Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release (301) 621-0390 reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not • Write to: contain extensive analysis. NASA Access Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and 7115 Standard Drive technical findings by NASA-sponsored Hanover, MD 21076-1320 contractors and grantees. NASA/ TM–2007–214755 The Apollo Medical Operations Project: Recommendations to Improve Crew Health and Performance for Future Exploration Missions and Lunar Surface Operations Richard A. Scheuring, DO, MS, NASA Jeffrey A. Jones, MD, MS, NASA James. D. Polk, DO, MS, NASA David B. Gillis, MD, Ph.D., UTMB/NASA Josef Schmid, MD, MPH, NASA James M. Duncan, MD, NASA Jeffrey R. Davis, MD, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Joseph D. Novak, MEng University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 September 2007 Acknowledgments The Apollo Medical Operations Project was a team effort. Members of this team included the core Summit group at Wyle Labs: Kae Parker, Phyllis McCulley, Mary McFarther, Luisa Rivera, Christopher Stokes, Marilyn Sylvester, Karen Mathis and Sandy Ballesteros. The facility hosting the Summit, Space Center Houston, provided excellent accommodations and service led by Sheri Armstrong. The JSC Center Director, Michael Coats, provided opening remarks to the group and set the tone for the meeting. A tremendous thank you is offered to Dr. Joe Kerwin who provided insight and encouragement throughout the development process and for the face-to-face meeting. Of course, thank you to all the NASA-JSC flight surgeons and astronaut physicians: Ellen Baker, Lee Morin, Scott Parazynski, Michael Barratt, Thomas Marshburn, Bob Satcher, David Wolfe and Anna Fischer offered their time in preparing for the meeting which could not have happened without them. Other individuals contributed to the writing of the manuscript and deserve heartfelt thanks: Barbara Tomaro, Donna Baumer, Jennifer Fogarty, Nancy House, Carol (Mimi) Kao and Malinda Moller. Lastly, the future generation of lunar explorers will benefit greatly from the servant spirit offered during the few days in June 2006 by the Apollo astronauts and flight surgeons. Their effort will improve the new vehicles and protect crew health and performance for years to come. Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7115 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161 301-621-0390 703-605-6000 This report is also available in electronic form at http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/ Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................. 2 2.0 Methods ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Background Research .........................................................................................3 2.2 Data Collection ....................................................................................................4 2.3 Panel Questions ..................................................................................................5 2.4 Face-to-Face Summit ..........................................................................................5 2.5 Post-Summit Review and Validation....................................................................6 3.0 Results........................................................................................................ 6 3.1 Data ....................................................................................................................6 4.0 Operational and Research Recommendations by Category ............................. 8 4.1 EMU/EVA Suit .....................................................................................................8 4.2 Lunar Surface Operations..................................................................................11 4.3 In-flight Illnesses................................................................................................15 4.4 Medication/Medical Kits (Appendix D) ...............................................................16 4.5 Environmental Impacts ......................................................................................18 4.6 Radiation ...........................................................................................................20 4.7 Performance/Human Factors.............................................................................21 4.8 Crew Schedule ..................................................................................................24 4.9 Exercise ............................................................................................................24 4.10 Food/Nutrition....................................................................................................26 4.11 Launch/Landing/Recovery Operations...............................................................27 4.12 Flight Surgeon-Crew Interaction ........................................................................28 5.0 Discussion................................................................................................. 29 6.0 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 56 7.0 References................................................................................................ 57 Appendix A Non Attributable Access Data Records.................................................. 59 Appendix B Non-Attributable Panel Discussion & Post-Panel Responses................. 308 Appendix C Apollo Medical Operations Project Summary of recommendations Excel Spreadsheet ........................................................................... 406 Appendix D Apollo Medical Kits from Biomedical Results of Apollo5 ......................... 414 Appendix E Correspondence ............................................................................... 417 Appendix F Meeting Agenda................................................................................ 421 Appendix G Personal Communications ................................................................. 426 i Figures Figure 1. Sample Access Data Record From the Apollo Medical Operations Project ......5 Figure 2. EMU/EVA Issues............................................................................................34
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