Quarterl y

Newsletter Forest Institute, Peshawar

Chief Patron: Syed Said Badshah Bukhari Vol.3, Issue No.4 Editor: Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi Director General October – December., 2011 Extension Specialist

Chief Instructor Military College of Engineering addressing the participants

FOREST EDUCATION NEWS construction, Field Works/Water Supply, session with M.Sc and B.Sc forestry

Map Reading/Global Positioning System, students was held at the end. HAKIM SHAH Disaster Management, Communication Director, Forest Education Examinations and Survival skills. The Forest Education Division carried The 3rd term annual examinations of The closing ceremony of the training out various activities such as Field M.Sc and B.Sc Forestry courses session course was held at PFI, where Brigadier Engineering course conducted by Military 2009-11 were held from 11th October to Fiaz Hussain Shah, Chief Instructor, College of Engineering (MCE) Risalpur, 1st November 2011 and 12th October to Combat Wing, MCE was the Chief Guest. orientation tour of new M.Sc and B.Sc 31st October 2011, respectively. The Chief Guest, Director General, PFI forestry courses session 2011-13 and and Director Forest Education Division Orientation tour of M.Sc & B.Sc Forestry forestry examinations during October- delivered speeches on the occasion. (2011-13) session December 2011. The details are as under: The Director Forest Education Division On 26.12.2011, the students alongwith Field Engineering Course conducted welcomed the distinguished guest from two faculty members left Peshawar for PFI by Military College of Engineering, MCE and highlighted the course outline Field Station, Shinkiari, Distt. Mansehra. Risalpur and its benefits for the forestry Students were briefed at different places Field Engineering course is an professionals. He acknowledged the worth by Mr. Asif Jah, APOF and Mr. Ahmad important and integral part of M.Sc and and importance of the training for the Zameer, LIF about agro-forestry and B.Sc Forestry courses. Every year the forestry professionals and appreciated the silviculture of different tree species found MCE conducts this course for forestry efforts and assistance of MCE in the on the way. In the evening, they were students at its premises. This year, the conduct of the course. Director General, given a detailed lecture about the field MCE made alternate arrangements for PFI presented the PFI souvenir to the station. running it at PFI from September 27 to Chief Instructor MCE. The Chief Instructor On 27.12.2011, the students visited October 11, 2011. The main modules of MCE visited various Divisions of PFI and flumes, nursery and meteorological station the course were Demolition, Bridge/Road inquired about their functions. Group photo at the field station and then started journey

Contact: Editor Newsletter, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Phone 091 9216133 email: [email protected] 1 to Islamabad via Galies Forest Division. On the way, they were shown different coniferous species and their silvicultural characteristics.

Lecture by Mr. Auliya Khan, Directior CDA

On 28.12.2011, the students were taken to Margalla Hills. Mr. Auliya Khan, Director CDA delivered a detailed lecture Group photo of the Chief Guest with forestry graduates about Margalla Forest and its where they were briefed about the Park Management. Mr. A. Manan, Deputy and its management by the Incharge Jallo Director Forest, CDA accompanied the Park. students and conducted a walk from Manal On 01.01.2012, the students left up to Islamabad on track No.5. The for Peshawar. On the way, they students were briefed about flora and were briefed about plantation and various fauna of Margalla Hills. Range Management activities by SDFO

On 29.12.2011, the students left Kharian. Islamabad for Sialkot. On the way stopping at Kharian Mr. Irshad Ullah, SDFO gave a WATERSHED MANAGEMENT lecture about scrub forests of Pabbi Hills RESEARCH EXPERIMENTS AT FIELD WMS checking Runoff Plot # 3 and students were shown Toba and STATION SHINKIARI IN different grass species in the field. COLLABORATION WITH URFS- PROJECT On 30.12.2011, the students visited

Malik Sports Industries, Sialkot, where they Tariq Mahmood, WMS & were briefed and shown the process of Zulfiqar Ali, RO Installation of Cricket Bats and Hockey

Sticks from wood. Later, the students were The watershed management specialist taken to the line of control in Sialkot Forest visited the Field Station Shinkiari from

Division. The students were told about 27/01/2011 to 30/01/2011 for laying out of felling areas and demonstrated for use of two research experiments titled “Soil different felling implements, direction felling conservation for education, training and Newly constructed flume # 1 and bucking by Mr. Asim, SDFO, Sialkot development of natural resources at Field Forest Division. Station Shinkiari” and “Comparative Runoff Plot Study for sediment and water yield at Field Station, Shinkiari” in collaboration with URFS-Project. For soil conservation study the construction of flumes was completed. The staff was directed to complete the fencing and check damming immediately so that the planting can be done in time to start the data collection by the end of February, 2011.The layout of Stevens Stage Recorder How to maintain register at sale depot Runoff Plot study was completed and the Changa Manga Irrigated Plantation? drums were calibrated for estimation of DENDROREMEDIATION – AN Lecture by Malik Saleem, DFO water and sediment yield. The staff was ENVIRONMENT CLEAN UP APPROACH directed to immediately start the data WITH TREES On 31.12.2011, the students visited collection. Recording and compilation of Tanvir Hussain, AWT Changa Manga Irrigated Plantation where meteorological data for December 2010 & they were given a comprehensive lecture January 2011 was also checked. All the Dendroremediation is an emerging by Malik Saleem, DFO Changa Manga. activities were photographed. Steven technique for clean up of toxic chemicals They were told about management of Stage Recorders for flumes were checked from environment with the help of trees. Changa Manga Irrigated Plantation and in the field. Discussed various aspects of The ability of certain selected trees to then conducted a complete visit of the data collection, compilation and analysis effectively remove large amounts of toxics, plantation by Tram under the supervision by Stevens Stage Recorder with especially heavy metals from soils and of Mr. Azam Gill, SDFO Changa Manga. In Mr.Jehangeer Khan (the Ex- Hydrologist waters can provide innovative, the afternoon, they visited , for PARDYP Project). economically efficient and environment

Contact: Editor Newsletter, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Phone 091 9216133 email: [email protected] 2 friendly approaches to reduce these verge of , mainly because of Plant Conservation toxics. Various herbaceous plants have habitat loss due to over-exploitation to Ex-situ plant conservation is one of been used to take up pollutants and allow meet the demand of ever-increasing the main activities of the botanical more orderly disposal procedures at human and associated population garden. Endangered and rare plants possibly lower costs but limitations are pressure resulted , soil species of economic importance both associated with the characteristics of these , salinity, water logging, endemic and naturalized were planted plants. Trees, with their large biomass and and . These to enhance plant diversity conservation. deeper and more integrated root systems have become major threats to the plant Because of richness in plant species of provide a unique means for deep cleansing diversity of Pakistan. It has been various forms and characters, this of soil and aquifers. The use of trees as established that extinction or loss of single garden is providing excellent bioremediation agents is in its infancy, but plant species results in a loss of 203 opportunities of education, research and gaining interest and acceptance throughout million dollars and this warrants recreation. the world. The technology is truly in situ, conservation of endemic plant for FIBER MORPHOLOGY IN RELATION as it does not require movement of soils, or prosperity of future generation. A TO SUITABILITY OF A WOOD water, and is much less energy botanical garden is a unique window to SPECIES FOR PULP AND PAPER demanding; it can be applied on different the wonders of plant kingdom and helps in G. M. Nasir, scales, from small plots to large sites. It controlling environmental , Logging Officer has a high potential for improvement by enhancing aesthetic and recreational novel techniques that require much lower value of plants and their impact on the life In paper making, fiber is the basic capital and labor costs as compared to of living organisms. component material on which the paper properties depend. Fiber morphological engineering approaches. Keeping in view Keeping in view the importance, a characteristics play a key role to find out the above contest, following reported trees Botanical Garden was established in 1962 suitability of any wood species for pulp species are very effective for the at Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. and paper manufacture. remediation of heavy metal contamination The objectives of botanical gardens are in water and soil. Fiber length generally influences the manifold, as extensive collection of plant Name of trees Contaminants References heritage, which provides research, tearing strength of paper. Greater the Tamarix aphylla Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Wafa’a, 2009 education and recreational facilities to fiber length, higher will be the tearing Cu resistance of paper. On the other hand, Populus Cu, Cd,Zn Borghi et.al, 2007 masses for love of nature in general and in euramericana particular as: longer fibers tend to give a more open Eucalyptus Fe,Zn,Cu Evvie C. and S. and less uniform sheet structure. > Ex-situ conservation of indigenous tereticornisn Subramanian, 2009 Fiber wall thickness has an important E. camaldulensis Mn Reichman,2004 and exotic, rare and endangered bearing on most paper properties. Thick- Dalbergia sissoo Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn,Pb Genda S. and M. plant species for research and walled fibers give bulky, open sheets Bhati, 2003 education Azadirachta Cr Sakthiveland,V. and with rather rough surfaces. On the other > Serve as a Gene bank to enhance indica M. Vivekanandan, hand, thin-walled fibers give dense and 2009 > plant diversity for future prosperity well formed sheets. Thick-walled fibers > Provide research and education do not collapse readily when made into BOTANICAL GARDEN A SOURCE OF facilities to forestry students and CONSERVATION a paper sheet, therefore, present less researchers at door step as opportunity for fiber bonding. Pulp Muhammad Shabir Mughal ecological laboratory strength properties such as burst, Forest Botanist > Creating awareness and education to tensile and particularly folding Green plants are known to have general public about the natural endurance are adversely affected by an existed on the earth for almost 400 million heritage, recreation and increase in fiber wall thickness. years ago. Since then, plants are conservation of Plant Diversity. Fiber diameter along with the providing manifold benefits to the Plant collection mankind, such as life-giving oxygen fiber wall thickness governs the fiber This botanical garden is spread over flexibility. Fiber lumen width affects the through their leaves, food, timber, fiber, an area of 5 acres adjacent to the main medicine etc. for the sustenance of life. beating of pulp. Larger the fiber lumen building of PFI. The plants were brought width better will be the beating of pulp Plants also rehabilitate the degraded from different ecological zones of the soils and provide shade and shelter to a because of the penetration of liquids country and planted at this garden. This into empty spaces of the fibers. variety of wildlife and human beings. garden is located in warm sub-humid Further, arithmetic ratios calculated Apart from these practical benefits, they zone with continental type of climate at from the dimensional measurements of also enhanced the quality of human life Peshawar. Winters are very cold and fibers also help to assess various with their greenness and beauty, making summers are very hot. The garden earth picturesque and more habitable. properties of paper. The most consists of cacti and mixture of trees, important and primary observation in Pakistan with diverse climatic shrubs and climbers of evergreen and order to find suitability of any wood conditions, broad latitudinal spread and deciduous nature. The main collections species for pulp and paper great altitudinal range has remarkable contain wild species of higher plants of manufacturing is the Runkel ratio (2 x diversity of ecosystem. These range different regions of the country, both cell wall thickness/lumen width). from coastal mangrove forests to indigenous and exotic. The whole area is Favorable pulp strength properties are spectacular high mountains of Western divided into 16 plots; gymnosperms, usually obtained when the value of Himalayas, Hindu Kush and Karakurum monocots and dicots. Representative Runkel ratio is below 1. High Runkel ranges. These ecosystems support a wide plant of every group for quick ratio fibers are stiffer, less flexible and variety of plants which constitute the over identification and ready reference is all biological diversity. form bulkier paper of lower-bonded area labeled. A small hillock was established than the low Runkel ratio fibers. Some of the plant and wildlife with planting of rockery plants. species are either endangered or at the

Contact: Editor Newsletter, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Phone 091 9216133 email: [email protected] 3

Strength properties of paper like percent of camphor; and that in October, acres land is revenue land and leased in tensile strength, bursting strength 74 percent. the name of local people. and folding endurance are affected The Ocimum spp. grow on a wide Flora mainly by the way in which the individual range of soils, but thrives best in deep rich, fibers are bonded together in paper sheet. well drained lands. Various types of loamy Typha species is dominant in the The degree of fiber bonding depends upland soils are best suited. Volcanic soils vegetation, which has also covered eastern largely on the flexibility and seem to favour the development of and western part of the lake. The other compressibility of individual fibers. camphor in the plant. plant species of the area are: Lye (Tamarix

Fiber lumen width/diameter ratio In Pakistan Ocimum basilicum L. aphylla), Puna (Ehretica serrata), Lana (flexibility coefficient) influences the (Niazbo) is found wild in Azad Kashmir, (Salsola foetida) and Khabar (Cynnodon flexibility and compressibility of fibers in Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab dactylon). paper sheet. Higher the value of this ratio and Sindh at an elevation from 2,000-3,500 dense and well formed will be the paper m. It is now cultivated as an ornamental sheet. plant in KP, Sindh and Punjab

Fiber length/width ratio (Felting co- efficient) also influences the fiber flexibility. Higher the value of this ratio, better the chance of forming well bonded paper.

Fiber wall thickness/diameter ratio View of the lake (rigidity coefficient) influences the fiber Fauna bonding in paper sheet. An increase in The mammal species are: reported in the value of this ratio results in decrease Ocimum basilicum in fiber bonding. the area: Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi), A study was undertaken in Forest Jackal (Canis aureus), Jungle Cat (Felis In Wood Anatomy Lab. of PFI, a Chemistry Branch, Pakistan Forest chaus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Hedge number of locally grown low value wood Institute, Peshawar to find out the yield of hog (Paraechinus micropus), Wild hare species have been studied for their fiber oil and camphor contents and to determine (Lepus nigricollis) etc. morphology in order to assess their the physico-chemical characteristies of oil Drig Lake has a unique combination of suitability for pulp and paper manufacture. from Ocimum basilicum L. Oil from the On the basis of Runkel ratio, Amaltas, avi-fauna comprising both migratory and dried leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. was resident populations. Alstonia, Anjir, Ber, Bakain, Black Siris, extracted by steam distillation, followed by The migratory waterfowls recorded in the Dhak, Frash, Gul-i-Nishter, Ipil Ipil, the use of petroleum ether as solvent for Lake are: Shoveller (Anas clyptea), Eucalyptus, Jand, Jacaranda, Lasura, the complete recovery of oil. Yield of oil Common Teal (Anas crecca), Coots (Fulica Mango, Mesquite, Oroxylum, Pipal, obtained was 2.44% which is encouraging atra), Little cormorant (Phalacrocorat niger), Phulai, Paper-mulberry, Ritha, Robinia, enough and compatible to oil yield reported Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Black Semel, Sohanjna, Tun, White Bakain in literature. The physico-chemical Headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Gadwall and White Siris wood species may be properties of the oil revealed that it could (Anas strepera), Moorhen (Gallinula used as raw material for pulp and paper be used as flavouring agent in chloropus). manufacture. pharmaceuticals, soap, dental cream and Besides waterfowls, other birds which cosmetics in place of oil from other species IMPORTANCE OF OCIMUM OIL were recorded in the area are: Yellow of ocimum. Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi Wagtail (Motacilla flava), White wagtail DRIG LAKE A RAMSAR SITE Forest Chemist (Motacilla alba), Common sand piper (Trigna OF SINDH PROVINCE hypoicucos), Redwattled lapwing (Vanellus The oil is usually extracted from the Mian Muhammad Shafiq indicus), Large egret (Casmerodius albus), fresh or dried leaves of Ocimum species by Deputy Conservator Wildlife Grey heron (Ardea cinerea), Little egret steam distillation. The volatile oils distilled (Egretta gazetta), White breasted kingfisher from Ocimum are important flavouring Drig Lake is located in District (Halcyon smyrnensis), Pied kingfisher agent throughout the world. Although not Larkana. This is a natural lake, which came (Ceryle rudius), Marsh harrier (Circus used in large quantities, oil of ocimum is in existence in 1880 with the result of High aeruginosus), Crow pheasant (Centropus employed in all kinds of flavours, including River Indus flood. This lake was the sinensis), Common kingfisher (Alcedo those for confectionery, baked goods and property of Sheikh Noor Muhammad since atthis), White cheeked bulbul (Pycnonotus condimental products, (chili sauces, tomato 1885 up to 1977. It was declared as Game st leucogenys), Blue throat (Luscinia svecica), pastes, pickles, vinegars ) and in spiced Reserve on 21 October 1972 and as Wildlife Sanctuary on 18th December 1977. House sparrow (Passer domesticus), meats, sausages etc. The oil also serves Collard dove (Streptopelia decaocta), Indian for imparting distinction of flavour in certain moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Common dental and oral products. Oil distilled from swallow (Hirundo rustica), Common myna Ocimum canum Sims contains a high (Acridotheres tristis), Bank myna (Sturnus percentage of d-camphor and this plant is pagodarum), Common starling (Stuunus considered as a new source of natural vulgarus) , Long tailed grass warbler camphor. (Acrocephalus stentoreus). Camphor separated from the Ocimum The reptilian fauna includes Monitor oil is a natural dextro-organic compound. It Identification of Waterfowls Lizard (Varanus bengalensis), Indian cobra exists in the form of colourless long (Naja naja), Viper snake (Vipera russelli), needle-like crystals. The camphor content At present the total area of the lake is Rat snake (Ptyas mucosus) and Water of the oil increases in fall. An oil distilled 403 acres, of which 238 acres of land is snakes of Genus Xenocrophis. during the August harvest contained 47 the property of Sheikh Family and 165

Contact: Editor Newsletter, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Phone 091 9216133 email: [email protected] 4