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Wonders of the Deep Sky A Digital Supplement to Astronomy Insights Astronomy Magazine © 2020 Kalmbach Media WONDERS OF THE DEEP SKY March 2020 • Astronomy.com The Draco Trio NGC 147 NGC 205 BERNHARD HUBL ADAMBLOCK/NOAO/AURA/NSF OF ALL THE WONDERS OF THE DEEP SKY, NGC 205, however, is nearly three times perhaps those most often overlooked by amateur astronomers are larger (19.5' by 12.5'). M32 lies 0.4° due south of the heart of elliptical galaxies. And while it’s true you won’t see spiral arms, M31. It also glows at magnitude 8.1 and star-forming regions, or dust lanes, being patient and picking out spans 11' by 7.3'. I’ll forgive you if you the details that are there definitely will make you a better observer. choose not to spend too much time observing this pair. After all, M31 is hard To help you with that goal, I’ve find magnitude 9.2 NGC 185, which is a to beat. selected 22 of these seldom-observed dwarf spheroidal galaxy. It touts a higher Now we come to a deep-sky object objects visible during fall and spring surface brightness than its companion, that’s a perfect target for a clear evenings from northern latitudes. The although it’s a bit larger, measuring 14' by Halloween night: Mirach’s Ghost (NGC winter and summer skies contain few 12'. A 12-inch telescope reveals an oval 404) in Andromeda. Amateur astrono- ellipticals because of the presence of the halo with a bright core that spans two- mers call it that because it lies only 6.8' Milky Way, which effectively blocks our thirds of the galaxy’s diameter. from 2nd-magnitude Mirach (Beta [β] view of any that lie behind it. I’ve listed Our next targets are easy to find. Just Andromedae). As you might imagine, a them in order of their right ascensions, locate the Andromeda Galaxy, and look magnitude 10.3 galaxy next to a star that so those appearing later in the story also 0.6° northwest of its core. Magnitude 8.1 bright is pretty difficult to see. This rise later at night. Note that the positions NGC 205 shines as brightly as M31’s S0-type galaxy — one that has the disk of any of these objects in Virgo are plot- other easy-to-see companion, M32. shape of a spiral galaxy but no spiral The sky’s ted on the chart on pages 54-55. In the fall The first object on our list, NGC 147 in Cassiopeia, is a satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), but not one of the two bright ones nearest it. To find NGC 147, move 1.9° west from magni- BEST tude 4.5 Omicron (ο) Cassiopeiae. Look carefully for this challenging object. At magnitude 9.5, it seems bright for a galaxy, but that light is spread over an area 15' by 9.4'. NGC 147 is a dwarf elliptical without much apparent struc- ELLIPTICAL ture. When you do see it, you’ll notice an Discover a world of massive star cities oval halo a bit brighter than the back- galaxies ground glow. The galaxy is ever-so- lurking in the skies of fall and spring. slightly brighter toward the center, so that isn’t a foreground star. NGC 404 BY MICHAEL E. BAKICH DIETMAR HAGER Not quite 1° east of NGC 147, you’ll ANTHONY AYIOMAMITIS 2 ASTRONOMY INSIGHTS • MARCH 2020 The Draco Trio NGC 147 NGC 205 BERNHARD HUBL ADAMBLOCK/NOAO/AURA/NSF OF ALL THE WONDERS OF THE DEEP SKY, NGC 205, however, is nearly three times perhaps those most often overlooked by amateur astronomers are larger (19.5' by 12.5'). M32 lies 0.4° due south of the heart of elliptical galaxies. And while it’s true you won’t see spiral arms, M31. It also glows at magnitude 8.1 and star-forming regions, or dust lanes, being patient and picking out spans 11' by 7.3'. I’ll forgive you if you the details that are there definitely will make you a better observer. choose not to spend too much time observing this pair. After all, M31 is hard To help you with that goal, I’ve find magnitude 9.2 NGC 185, which is a to beat. selected 22 of these seldom-observed dwarf spheroidal galaxy. It touts a higher Now we come to a deep-sky object objects visible during fall and spring surface brightness than its companion, that’s a perfect target for a clear evenings from northern latitudes. The although it’s a bit larger, measuring 14' by Halloween night: Mirach’s Ghost (NGC winter and summer skies contain few 12'. A 12-inch telescope reveals an oval 404) in Andromeda. Amateur astrono- ellipticals because of the presence of the halo with a bright core that spans two- mers call it that because it lies only 6.8' Milky Way, which effectively blocks our thirds of the galaxy’s diameter. from 2nd-magnitude Mirach (Beta [β] view of any that lie behind it. I’ve listed Our next targets are easy to find. Just Andromedae). As you might imagine, a them in order of their right ascensions, locate the Andromeda Galaxy, and look magnitude 10.3 galaxy next to a star that so those appearing later in the story also 0.6° northwest of its core. Magnitude 8.1 bright is pretty difficult to see. This rise later at night. Note that the positions NGC 205 shines as brightly as M31’s S0-type galaxy — one that has the disk of any of these objects in Virgo are plot- other easy-to-see companion, M32. shape of a spiral galaxy but no spiral The sky’s ted on the chart on pages 54-55. In the fall The first object on our list, NGC 147 in Cassiopeia, is a satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), but not one of the two bright ones nearest it. To find NGC 147, move 1.9° west from magni- BEST tude 4.5 Omicron (ο) Cassiopeiae. Look carefully for this challenging object. At magnitude 9.5, it seems bright for a galaxy, but that light is spread over an area 15' by 9.4'. NGC 147 is a dwarf elliptical without much apparent struc- ELLIPTICAL ture. When you do see it, you’ll notice an Discover a world of massive star cities oval halo a bit brighter than the back- galaxies ground glow. The galaxy is ever-so- lurking in the skies of fall and spring. slightly brighter toward the center, so that isn’t a foreground star. NGC 404 BY MICHAEL E. BAKICH DIETMAR HAGER Not quite 1° east of NGC 147, you’ll ANTHONY AYIOMAMITIS WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 3 region surrounded by a halo with an (lens-shaped) galaxy, rather than a strict edge that’s difficult to define. Although elliptical. Cranking up the power will M105 appears circular at low magnifi- reveal M86’s starlike core. cations, crank up the power past 250x Staying in Virgo, we can find another and you’ll see that it’s a fat oval about 4' of Messier’s ellipticals, M49, which glows across, orienting northeast to southwest. at magnitude 8.4 and measures 8.1' by If you’ve located M105, you probably 7.1'. Its oval shape is easy to see. The core have seen magnitude 9.9 NGC 3384, occupies the central two-thirds of this For the last 60 years, Celestron has made which sits a mere 7' to its east-northeast. object, and a fainter outer region envel- astronomy easier and more accessible. Through any size telescope, you’ll see ops it. Because this galaxy is relatively Now, we’ve revolutionized the hobby again with NGC 3384 as an oval twice as long as it bright, you can crank up the power and a groundbreaking manual telescope that uses is wide (5.4' by 2.7') oriented northeast- reveal this outer halo. patent-pending technology and your smartphone southwest. The central region is large Our next target, also located in Virgo, to calculate its position. A Lost in Space Algorithm and bright, and the outer halo appears is one of the best known ellipticals in the (LISA) like the ones satellites use in orbit helps the faint even through large scopes. sky: M87. To astronomers, M87 is a StarSense Explorer app match star patterns overhead to For our next elliptical, magnitude 9.7 treasure-trove of science. It’s a colossal its internal database—in real time as you move the telescope. M60 NGC 4125, head north from Leo to object with a mass in excess of 3 trillion ADAM BLOCK/MOUNT LEMMON SKYCENTER/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA No motors. No alignment. Just StarSense Explorer, your Draco. NGC 4125 forms an equilateral Suns and a diameter that may reach half smartphone, and the night sky. triangle (extending northward) with the a million light-years. M87 also possesses hazy nature and oblong shape (7.2' by top stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper, a huge array of globular clusters, perhaps 4.7'). Step up to an 11-inch scope, and Follow the onscreen arrows and simple instructions. Within minutes, Dubhe and Megrez (Alpha [α] and Delta numbering in the tens of thousands. you’ll see much more detail. Regions out- you’ll perfectly center target after target with pinpoint accuracy. When the [δ] Ursae Majoris, respectively). The gal- Visually, however, you could do better. side this galaxy’s core show a threefold bullseye turns green, it’s ready to view in one of two included eyepieces.
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