Sprechsaal. a Trilingual Inscription of Artaxerxes Mnemon

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Sprechsaal.

A trilingual inscription of Artaxerxes Mnemon. By B. T. A. Evetts. In the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeo- logy, Vol. VII, p. 132 is an account of two fragments of black diorite, apparently forming part of the mouldings of two columns, found at Hamadan and bearing a trilingual inscription of the time of Artaxerxes Mnemon (B. C. 405 — 362). This account, by Mr. PINCHES, is based upon a photograph forwarded from Persia, in which the inscription was imperfectly represented. Now, however, the objects are in England1), and in consequence I am able to give a description founded upon a personal examination of them. Mr. PINCHES, in spite ot the statement that the fragments were discovered at Hamadan, assumes the inscription upon them to be a mere duplicate of the well-known inscription of Artaxerxes Mnemon found at Susa by Mr. LOFTUS, an3 restores it accordingly. But if they came from Hamadan, they must have formed part of a palace of the Persian kings at Ecbatana (old Persian Hagmatand) on the site of which the modern city2) stands, although

1) In the possession of Mr. LINDO MYERS, who kindly allows me to publish this note. 2) This is not the place to discuss the objections of some geographers to the identification.

Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/8/15 8:07 AM Sprechsaal. . 411 the traces of such an edifice have not yet been recog- nised by modern excavators. Consequently it had to be supposed that the palace at Ecbatana had exactly the same history as the palace at Susa, and that both were built by Darius Hystaspis, burnt -down under Artaxerxes Longimanus, and rebuilt by Artaxerxes Mnemon! A study of the actual objects, however, shows that our inscription, though in part identical with that at Susa, is by no means entirely so, and above all that there is no room for the restoration of those passages which give the history of the Susian edifice. Artaxerxes in our fragments simply states that he has built an Apadana by the grace of the gods, and prays that he may be protected and his building preserved. The Apadana, state reception-room or throne-room (see DIEÜ- LAFOY, DArt antique de la Perse Pt. II., p. 22), formed the chief part of a Persian palace and although, as we have already said, no other remains of such a building have been found in modern times on the site of Ecbatana, the Greek writers allude to the existence of a royal residence in this ancient capital of the Median kings, and state that the Persian monarchs spent the summer there because it was cooler than Susa or Babylon. Polybius describes the palace as being of great magnificence, supported by columns plated with gold and silver, and roofed with silver tiles (X. c. 27). Ecbatana too was among the cities into which the worship of Anaitis, the goddess whose name occurs in our inscription as well as in that of Susa, was introduced by Artaxerxes Mnemon. The well-known pas- sage from Berosus quoted by Clement of Alexandria (co- hortatio ad gentes, I. 5) states that Artaxerxes the son of Darius Ochus first set up images of Aphrodite Tanai's in Babylon, Susa, Ecbatana, Persepolis, Bactra, Damascus and Sardis (cf. OPFERT, E. M. II. 197; NORRIS, Memoir on the Scythic version of the Beh. Inscr. p. 161). The mention of this goddess in our inscription confirms the statement with regard to Ecbatana. Probably it was in this city

Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/8/15 8:07 AM 412 . Sprechsaal. that the greatest devotion to her was exhibited, for Plu- tarch calls her "the Artemis of Ecbatana" and alludes to the establishment in the Median capital of an order of priestesses of Anaitis, among· whom Aspasia the favou- rite mistress of Artaxerxes was enrolled that she might be bound henceforth to perpetual chastity and thus escape from the embraces of Darius (Artaxerxes, c. 27). Poly- bius also describes a magnificent temple of Aine or Anaitis at Ecbatana with columns plated with gold and silver tiles and narrates the spoliation of the palace and temple by Antiochus who had the precious metals melted down and coined into money (loc. tit.). Besides the historical importance of our inscription it must also be of interest to philologists and palaeo- graphers on account of the variant readings it presents when compared with that of Susa, both in the Persian and Babylonian versions. The Persian ideogram for the name of Ahuramazda is here ttJ^, not t|K which SPIEGEL gives on the authority of M. OPFERT, stating, however, that he does not know where it was found (Die altpersi- schen Keilinschriften p. I59)1)· In the Babylonian version Aburada for Ahuramazda must be a mistake, but Na-i-tu instead of A-na--i-tu as the form of the name Anaitis is noteworthy. A\^pa-da-an\ is more in agreement with the Persian Apadana than the form Af-pa-da-an found at Susa. The Hamadan fragments formed part of two circular mouldings, probably at the base of two columns, whereas the inscriptions at Susa are upon the square bases of the pillars (LOFTUS, Ckald. and Sus. p. 366ff.). Each ring, when complete, no doubt bore three versions of the inscription

i) Professor OPFERT allows me to state that he found the ideogram on an impression in wax of a cylindrical seal in the Collection of M. RAIFE afterwards catalogued by LENORMANT. In the Melanges cTArcheol. eg. et ass. No. i, p. 29, 1872, OPPERT published another Persian seal from the same

Collection, with the ideograms for ndma, Parsuy and puira, quoted by SPIEGEL.

Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/8/15 8:07 AM Sprechsaal. 413 in Persian, Susian and Babylonian. On the thicker fragment (22 in. X 8 in.) are the ends of the five lines which composed the Babylonian version and the beginnings ot the seven lines which made up the Persian rendering; on the thinner fragment (23 in. X 6 in.) are the ends of six Susian lines and the beginnings of five Babylonian lines. The two copies of the Babylonian version did not corre- spond in the arrangement of the lines and must have varied slightly in their contents. The small fragment of the Susian version has been lately published from a photograph and a paper impression by WEISBACH, Die Ach - menideninschriften zweiter Art, p. 126. I have restored the Babylonian version on the basis of the Susa inscription (OPFERT, E. M. II, 194; BEZOLD, Die Ach menideninschriflen, pp. 44 and 95). The Persian inscription is partly restored from SPIEGEL (Die altpers. Keil- insckr. p. 68), but I have thought it better not to restore the lost three lines, with the exception of a few words, although the translation seems almost certain.

Persian Version. i. T

Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/8/15 8:07 AM 4*4 Sprechsaal. K & ^ΤτΤ «IT 77 77 <-< Τ<- ™ < «ΤΤ Ã« ê- ·?ττ Ç 7< fir < ^ <·π t= < «Ι! "<7 Ê- m Hl 4. «

...... m π t m 6. -m -ΤτΤ < ^K < m t<

7- m < W HhfT -ITT < ί^ΤτΤ T<- < m

1. Ihatiy Artakhshatra KHS vazraka KHS \KHSyanam KHS dahyunam KHS ak] 2. yaya bumaiya Darayavashahya KHSahya (putra D raya- vashahya Artakhshafrd\ 3. hya KHSahya putra Artakhshatrahya Kh\shayarskahya KHSahya putra Khshayar\ 4. shahya Darayavashahya KHSahya putra [Darayavasha- hya Visht spahya putra}

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5. Hakhamanishiya imam apadana vash-\iia Auramazd ka ...... akun m] 6. am Auramazda Anakata uta frfitra ta [ ...... · ...... «-t] 7. imam tya akun m [ ...... • · · ...... j. i) Thus says Artaxerxes, the great king, the king [of kings, the king of countries, the king] 2) of this earth, of Darius the king [son, namely of Darius of Artaxerxes] 3) the king son, namely of Artaxerxes of [Xerxes the king son, namely of Xerxes] 4) of Darius the king son [namely of Darius ofHystaspes son] 5) the Achaemenid: This apadana by the grace [of Auramazda, of Anaitis and of Mithras I have built;] 6) me may Aura- mazda, Anaitis und Mithras [protect from all evil and] 7) this that I have built may they not [injure or destroy. . .].

Babylonian Version. i. ε 5^·) ^ I s£") ^ v SfT « ^M tW-l : «0 « ^

τ Φ t^-j ν HT ê< τ T Á <Τ- ^ <Τ- « 1

ο s £.y ttT- - a) s <Τ^ΤΤ<Τ· - 3) s Btf <. — 4) S here and throughout &H^<. — 5) S add. 1 1. — 6) S omit. — 7) S add. — 8) S omit. — 9) S add. . — 10) S >

T T u) S ^|^|7<|· — 12) S J. 13) S add. T . — 14) S add. |f —

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4. ~. ftgn < -Τ <^ ^Τ^Ι -Μ ! Ι^Γ1 \S*H\ Vi ^ ^ !ú Φ ^Τ<1 -Τ -Τ ΤΙ -Ê! ^ ΈΤ<Τ -Τ ^1 £ « < -Τ

15) Somit. — 16) S add. Jy. — 17) Somit. — 18) S add. aga Sumu appadan DariyamuS abu obi abiya itepul ina turri ull ina pani ArtakSatsu abi abiya atum ultakkallu. [See, however, DELITZSCH, W.B.,

PP. 370, 383- - Se^ - ,9) S ]} *-]<] — 20) s y^ >~/~y 4^>->-yyy ^ <^^ W ^T ΤΕΤ Τί « ^ Β=ΤΙ Φ ΈΤ<Τ -Τ Ι» — 22) S, partly restored by OPFERT, concludes ^ίΐ| <Â= <τ- < ν τ ΤΕΤ -ΜÐ

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3. Hi-$i-ar-$i abal D P. Da-ri-ya-a-mu$ SarriD.P. Da-ri-ya-a- mu$ abli [D P. Us-ia-as-pu zir D.P. A-ba-ma-ni-&- i-na GlS] 4. silli AN A-bu-ra-da (sie!) AN Na-i-tu u AN Mi-it-ri ana-ku e-te-pu-[us a-ga Sumu a-pa-da-an AN A-bu-ra-da AN Na-i-tu «AN Λ/ΜΪ-] 5. r?" ana-ku li-is-sur- la pani gab-bi bi-i-$i u a-ga Sumu a\_-pa-da-an Sa ana-ku e-te-pu-uS la u-ba-ab-ba-lu-$ii\.

1. Thus says Artaxerxes, the great king, the king of kings, [the king of all the countries which are upon the earth, the son] 2. of Darius the king (namely) Darius the son of Arta- xerxes [the king, (namely) Artaxerxes the son of Xerxes, the king (namely)] 3. Xerxes the son of Darius, (namely) Darius the son [of Hystaspes the descendant of Achaemenes: Under] 4. the shadow of Ahuramazda, of Anaitis and of Mithras I have built [this which is called Apadana; may Ahu- ramazda, Anaitis and] 5. Mithras protect me from all harm, and this which is called Apadana [may they not destroy!]

Inschrift Kurigalzu's II. Von C. F. Lehmann. Das vermisste Auge einer Statue mit einer Inschrift Kurigalzu's hat sich wiedergefunden.1) Es ist ausgestellt im Assyrian Room des British Museum: A.R. C. 146, und besteht aus sehr hellfarbigem, bl ulich-weissem Achat oder Onyx. Die in altbabylonischen Zeichen eingegrabene In- schrift lautet in neuassyrischer Umschrift: ^"n \£^<

i) Vgl. WINCKLER, diese Zeitschr. 1887, s· 3°4 ff· I LKHMANN, ebenda, S. 44-9 f.

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d. i.: Marduk \ lugal-a-ni-ir \ Ku-ri-gal-su \ tur Bur-na-bu- r[i]-\ta-as \ in-na-an-ba(>)} babylonisch gelesen: Ana Mar- duk sarrisu Kurigalzu abli Burnab^cria$ ikisd): ,, Marduk, seinem Könige, hat Burnaburias (dies) geweiht (?)". GEORGE SMITH hatte also richtig erkannt, dass sich hier Kurigalzu als Sohn des Burnaburias bezeichnet, und nicht, wie WINCKLER vermutete, einen Lesefehler begangen. Dass es einen anderen, früheren Konig Kurigalzu2), Vater des Burnaburia§, gegeben, hat bereits der Fund von el- Amarna^) gelehrt; die Angabe der Synchronistischen Tafel ist somit durch eine authentische Inschrift Kurigalzu's II. bestätigt. Die Reihe der in Betracht kommenden Herrscher kassitischer Dynastie lautet also — um dies wiederholt4) festzustellen :

) *" { von Z. 4 steht scharf am Rande und ist abgerieben; vom

letzten Zeichen von Z. 6 ist nur u8»ama Tl (V = >»*-]— | ?/) zu erkennen. Zz. i.u. 6 stehen resp. oben und unten auf dem (Zcitschr. 1887, 450 näher beschrie- benen) Einsatztheil. Auf der Rückseite des Objects glaube ich ein par Spuren von Keilschriftzeichen zu erkennen. 2) Es liegt jetzt doch wohl die Möglichkeit vor, das ?ihru der Syn- chron. Tafel als ,,der jüngere*' — im Gegensatz zu dem früheren .Könige — zu fassen, und nicht als „der Unmündige, das Kind", welch letzteres WINCKLER (a.a.O. S 308) vorzog. Vgl. dazu Zeile 12 der Arbela-Inschrift K. 891 (PINCHES, Texts p. 17 f.), woselbst Asurbanabal mittheilt; er habe seinen rVTfy< £->£:? aku s*lirui seinen „jüngeren" — doch -wohl kaum „unmündigen*4 — ,.Bruder'* mit der ^^ ^^ *" |, „Grossbruderschaft41, einer hohen, -wie es scheint, priesterlichen Würde belehnt. — Vgl. LEHMANN, &amal$umutö.n, Theil I, S. 30 und JENSEN, KB II, S. 263. A)ni kuddinnu dagegen heisst nicht der „jüngere", sondern der „illegitime Bruder"; s. diese Zcitschr. 1889, S. 292. 3) Siehe BUDGE, PSBA 1888, p. 563; LEHMANN, Zeit sehr* 1883, S. 375; WINCKLRR, ÄZ. 1889, S. 44, N. i. 4) Vgl. WINCKLER a. a. O.

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Kurigalzu I. (Zeitgenosse Amenothes' III.)

Bu^aburia (Zeitgenosse Amenothes' IV.) l KarafoardaS é NazibugaS l Kurigalzu II.

London, October 1890.

Aus einer Mitteilung des Herrn J. N. Strassmaier an C. Bezold. . Bei den verschiedenen Erkl rungsversuchen, welche seit mehr als zehn Jahren ber das babylonische £[{f— ^*T- ^Xy'1 angestellt worden sind, wird es Sie viel- leicht interessiren, dass ein „anklingendes" Subst. sich in LEVY, Chald isches W'oiterbuch ber die Targumim, S. 15 findet, das bis jetzt der Aufmerksamkeit der Assyriologen entgangen zu sein scheint, n mlich: „KJTJiN f. (gr. ώνή und ωνησις das Kaufen, der Kauf), Kaufschein. Gen. 49, 21 I. I 'und II ^ñÃÐ ΝΓΡΠÍ der Kaufbrief ber das Feld. Kiddusch. 6 b. lilK Vty 2ÐÃ er stellte ber das Verkaufte einen Kaufbrief aus. B. bathra 52 a. nntOtrn maiN Kaufbriefe und Wechsel . ." etc. Dieses KrpyiN* steht der Bedeutung und Form nach wohl siehe dem ^IIJ- ^Hr *^ã n her als dem gr. ωνησις

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