DOCSLIB.ORG

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hypnotherapy for Smoking Cessation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hypnotherapy for Smoking Cessation A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hypnotherapy for Smoking Cessation Robert Lambe, MD, Carl Osier, MD, Peter Franks, MD Plainville, Massachusetts, and Ballston Spa and Rochester, New York A randomized controlled study in a family practice setting was conducted on the use of hypnosis in helping people quit smoking. In the hypnosis group 21 percent of patients quit smoking by the three month follow-up compared with 6 percent in the control group. By six months there were no significant differences between the two groups, and at one year 22 percent in the hypnosis group and 20 percent in the control group had quit. The only significant predictor of success with quitting was having a college education. Cigarette smoking is one of the leading prevent­ success of hypnosis; follow-up supportive contact able causes of serious cardiac and pulmonary dis­ of patients; standardized follow-up of smokers for ease in the United States. Despite a multiplicity of a significant interval; and use of individualized techniques to help smokers quit, the magnitude of hypnotic suggestions. An additional major differ­ the problem remains enormous. One of the meth­ ence between existing studies and the one re­ ods that has been widely written about is hypno­ ported here is that this study was set in a primary therapy, yet the studies in the literature present a care setting, with the hypnosis performed by fam­ bewildering array of techniques and success rates. ily physicians. Furthermore, the protocol was one Reports range from 94 percent of smokers quit­ that could be followed easily by primary care ting1 to 20 percent.2 Most studies have used highly physicians having limited training in hypnosis and selected subjects and often no control groups, so limited time. that the interpretation of results for use in the pri­ mary care setting is difficult. In addition, many METHODS investigators have failed to provide information on The patient population at the Rochester Family long-term follow-up, despite known high recidi­ Medicine Program is representative of a cross- vism rates for cigarette smoking. section of Monroe County in upstate New York, In 1980 Holroyd3 summarized the experience which has been described in detail elsewhere.4 All with hypnosis and smoking in the 1970s and in­ patients aged over 18 years who did not have a cluded several suggestions for future research psychiatric diagnosis entering the Family Medi­ based on the weaknesses of prior studies. This cine Center for scheduled health care received a paper reports a randomized control trial of hypno­ screening questionnaire to determine eligibility for therapy that was carried out to help smokers quit the study. Patients were eligible if they wished to in which several of Holroyd’s suggestions were quit smoking and were willing to undergo hypno­ included: investigation of individual differences sis. These patients were given a second question­ among subjects, such as smoking histories and naire about their health history. demographic data to look for relationships with Questions included years of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked, presence of other smokers at home, presence of smokers at work, previous at­ From the Department of Preventive, Family, and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Flighland tempts at quitting, perceived stress, and education. Hospital, Rochester, New York. Requests for reprints should be ad­ Recruitment was planned to continue until 180 dressed to Dr. Peter Franks, Jacob W. Holler Family Medicine Cen­ ter, 885 South Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620. eligible patients could be identified. This number © 1986 Appleton-Century-Crofts THE JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE, VOL. 22, NO. 1: 61-65, 1986 61 HYPNOTHERAPY FOR SMOKING CESSATION was based on a one-tailed alpha error of 0.05 and a their originally assigned groups. Univariate com­ beta error of 0.1. It was assumed that the effec­ parisons were made using chi-square tests or t tiveness of antismoking advice would be 5 per­ tests as appropriate. Outcomes, which were cent5 and that to be clinically useful, smoking measured at 3, 6, and 12 months, were whether the would have to be at least 20 percent effective. This patient had quit and the number of cigarettes number also allowed for a 10 percent dropout smoked. All patients who could be contacted at rate.6 After recruitment patients were randomized each follow-up period were included in each anal­ to hypnosis and control groups using the Zelen ysis. To enable examination of the independent design.7 contribution of hypnotherapy to the outcomes of All control patients received a letter notifying interest, while controlling for baseline differences them that the physicians at the Family Medicine between the hypnosis and control groups, step­ Center hoped they would quit smoking. They also wise regression analyses were used. Study group received a copy of the National Institutes of and the factors thought to affect smoking (from the Health booklet Calling It Quits. Follow-up began second questionnaire) were entered into these with the date of this letter. A letter was mailed to analyses as independent variables in the order in all patients in the hypnosis group asking them which they accounted for most of the change in the to make their first appointment with one of the outcome variables. Logistic regression was used hypnotists (C.O. or R.L.). If the patient did not for the analyses of the dichotomous outcome respond, a second letter was mailed. Continued “ quitting,” and ordinary linear regression was failure to respond then led to a telephone call to used for the outcome “number of cigarettes encourage participation. If the patient still refused smoked.” All analyses were conducted using the entry, had already quit, or had moved and could SAS computer package.8 not be contacted, follow-up was begun at the time of the telephone call. The hypnotherapy consisted of two 40-minute RESULTS sessions, two weeks apart. At the first visit, after Two hundred forty-two patients who were obtaining informed consent, the hypnotists fol­ smokers (49 percent of all patients) were con­ lowed a standard protocol (available on request tacted, and 180 (74 percent) who were interested in from the authors). After the trance was termi­ hypnosis as a method of helping them quit were nated, the method of autohypnosis was explained included in the study for randomization. Because and a list of instructions given. An evaluation of the patient population in this study was highly depth of trance was noted by the hypnotists on a mobile, follow-up was a consistent problem. Sev­ standard form. At the time of the second session, a eral patients were temporarily lost to follow-up trance was induced again, and suggestions rein­ because of brief loss of telephone service or delays forced. During the trance, the subject was asked to in obtaining new addresses. Furthermore, three choose a quit date. Follow-up began on the date of patients were known to have died during the the second session. study, two from smoking-related diseases. Table 1 All patients in the hypnosis and control groups summarizes the number of patients available for were called three times in the four months after the follow-up throughout the study. In the hypnosis identified start date of follow-up. These calls were group, 45 patients underwent at least one hypnosis for several purposes: to ascertain the amount of session, 6 quit before hypnosis, 18 declined hyp­ smoking (number of cigarettes per day), to offer nosis, and 21 were lost to follow-up. encouragement, and to determine whether sub­ Baseline comparisons between the two groups jects in the hypnosis group were using self­ are displayed in Table 2. Patients in the hypnosis hypnosis. Subsequent to this contact, all subjects group tended to be younger, more educated, less were contacted again by telephone or question­ likely to have Medicaid, less likely to have other naire at six and 12 months after intervention to smokers at home, but more likely to have other determine the amount of their smoking. smokers at work. Using the intention-to-treat principle, all pa­ At the three-month follow-up contact, hypnosis tients were included in the analysis according to patients were significantly more successful in re- 62 THE JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE, VOL. 22, NO. 1, 1986 HYPNOTHERAPY FOR SMOKING CESSATION TABLE 1. FOLLOW-UP OF ALL RANDOMIZED TABLE 2. BASELINE COMPARISONS BETWEEN PATIENTS HYPNOSIS AND CONTROL GROUPS Hypnosis Control Hypnosis Control Total randomized 90 90 Age, years (mean) 32.4 38.8 First telephone call 69 68 Female (percent) 69 68 Third telephone call 57 58 College educated 36 24 (3 months) (percent) 6-month contact 66 64 Stress (percent) 62 64 12-month contact 60 60 Cigarettes smoked 25.7 26.6 per day (mean) Medicaid (percent) 14 24 Other smokers 55 61 at home (percent) Other smokers 72 57 at work (percent) Previous smoking 6 10 ducing their smoking consumption, but by the program (percent) six-month follow-up the two groups were not sig­ Smoking, years 12.7 11.3 nificantly different. These results are summarized (mean) in Table 3. The results were not significantly changed when only those subjects who actually underwent hypnosis were compared with the con­ trol group. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the only consistent predictor of success for risk ratio = 4.3, 95 percent confidence interval = reduction of smoking was having a college educa­ 2.8-6.8) of successful quitting. The analysis re­ tion (R2 = 14 percent, F = 19.4, P = .0001 at the vealed that at the time of the three-month follow­ 12-month follow-up). up that smoking fewer cigarettes at entry into the At the first three-month follow-up contact, study (beta = - .07, standard error = .03), being in being in the hypnosis group and being exposed to the hypnosis group (adjusted risk ratio = 3.6, 95 other smokers at work were also significant, but percent confidence interval = 1.9-6.8), and having these variables became nonsignificant with longer a college education (adjusted risk ratio = 7.1, 95 follow-up.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CLINICAL TRIALS Safety and Immunogenicity of a Nicotine Conjugate Vaccine in Current Smokers
    CLINICAL TRIALS Safety and immunogenicity of a nicotine conjugate vaccine in current smokers Immunotherapy is a novel potential treatment for nicotine addiction. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a nicotine conjugate vaccine, NicVAX, and its effects on smoking behavior. were recruited for a noncessation treatment study and assigned to 1 of 3 doses of the (68 ؍ Smokers (N nicotine vaccine (50, 100, or 200 ␮g) or placebo. They were injected on days 0, 28, 56, and 182 and monitored for a period of 38 weeks. Results showed that the nicotine vaccine was safe and well tolerated. Vaccine immunogenicity was dose-related (P < .001), with the highest dose eliciting antibody concentrations within the anticipated range of efficacy. There was no evidence of compensatory smoking or precipitation of nicotine withdrawal with the nicotine vaccine. The 30-day abstinence rate was significantly different across with the highest rate of abstinence occurring with 200 ␮g. The nicotine vaccine appears ,(02. ؍ the 4 doses (P to be a promising medication for tobacco dependence. (Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;78:456-67.) Dorothy K. Hatsukami, PhD, Stephen Rennard, MD, Douglas Jorenby, PhD, Michael Fiore, MD, MPH, Joseph Koopmeiners, Arjen de Vos, MD, PhD, Gary Horwith, MD, and Paul R. Pentel, MD Minneapolis, Minn, Omaha, Neb, Madison, Wis, and Rockville, Md Surveys show that, although about 41% of smokers apy, is about 25% on average.2 Moreover, these per- make a quit attempt each year, less than 5% of smokers centages most likely exaggerate the efficacy of are successful at remaining abstinent for 3 months to a intervention because these trials are typically composed year.1 Smokers seeking available behavioral and phar- of subjects who are highly motivated to quit and who macologic therapies can enhance successful quit rates are free of complicating diagnoses such as depression 2 by 2- to 3-fold over control conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Smoking, Environmental Pollution, and Weather Conditions Risk Factors for COVID-19? José Miguel Chatkin1a, Irma Godoy2a
    J Bras Pneumol. 2020;46(5):e20200183 https://dx.doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20200183 REVIEW ARTICLE Are smoking, environmental pollution, and weather conditions risk factors for COVID-19? José Miguel Chatkin1a, Irma Godoy2a 1. Departamento de Medicina Interna ABSTRACT e Pneumologia, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the highly contagious severe acute Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil. respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is probably systemic, has a major 2. Disciplina de Pneumologia, respiratory component, and is transmitted by person-to-person contact, via airborne Departamento de Clínica Médica, droplets or aerosols. In the respiratory tract, the virus begins to replicate within cells, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, after which the host starts shedding the virus. The individuals recognized as being at risk Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu (SP) Brasil. for an unfavorable COVID-19 outcome are those > 60 years of age, those with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, those with hypertension, and those with chronic lung Submitted: 20 April 2020. diseases, as well as those using chemotherapy, corticosteroids, or biological agents. Accepted: 27 May 2020. Some studies have suggested that infection with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with other Study carried out at the Escola de risk factors, such as smoking, external environmental pollution, and certain climatic Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica conditions. The purpose of this narrative review was to perform a critical assessment of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (RS) the relationship between COVID-19 and these potential risk factors. and at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Keywords: Coronavirus infections; COVID-19; Air pollution; Smoking; Tobacco use Botucatu (SP) Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Cigarette Smoking Cessation in the United States
    Tobacco Control 1993; 2 (suppl): S3-S16 S3 SESSION I TRENDS IN CESSATION Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.2.suppl1.S4 on 1 January 1993. Downloaded from Introduction Saul Shiftman I'm happy to welcome you here on behalf of of the National Heart, Lung and Blood the Planning Committee. It's a pleasure to see Institute's Smoking Education Program, this actually happening after almost a year of whose job it is to translate findings from planning, and I'm looking forward to the next intervention research into community action day and a half. and education programmes; he was formerly We have 2454 days left until the year 2000, the director of smoking intervention with the at which point the national goals are to have a American Heart Association. smoking prevalence of 15%. We're now at Dr Ellen Gritz is a long-time colleague of roughly 25 %. Put another way, we are 81 % of mine, although I hesitate to remind her in the way to the year 2000 from 1964, the year of public that she and I first started working the first Surgeon General's report, and we together a little over 20 years ago in Los have cut smoking prevalence roughly by half. Angeles. She is certainly one of the leading So we're doing pretty well but still have a bit experts in smoking and smoking cessation, and further to go. has particular interests in smoking among In this morning's panel, we'll be discussing women and in special populations. where we're going and how we're going to get Our last panellist, Dr Patrick O'Malley is there in terms of smoking cessation.
    [Show full text]
  • Smoking Cessation: a Report of the Surgeon General – 2020
    A SUMMARY OF SMOKING CESSATION: A REPORT OF THE SURGEON GENERAL – 2020 Smoking Cessation – The Role of Healthcare Professionals and Health Systems Smoking in the U.S. Key Findings from the 2020 Since the first Surgeon General’s report on smoking and health was Surgeon General’s Report released in 1964, cigarette smoking among U.S. adults has declined from nearly 43% to a low of nearly 14% in 2018. Despite this progress, smoking ` Smoking cessation reduces risk for many adverse health remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S. effects, including poor reproductive health outcomes, Additionally, smoking-related illnesses continue to cost the nation more cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary than $300 billion every year. disease (COPD), and cancer. Quitting smoking is also beneficial to those who have been diagnosed with heart Smoking Cessation Saves Lives disease and COPD. ` More than three out of five U.S. adults who have ever and Money smoked cigarettes have quit. Although a majority of cigarette smokers make a quit attempt each year, less Tobacco dependence is a chronic, relapsing condition driven by than one-third use cessation medications approved addiction to nicotine. But cessation treatment can help people quit. by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or The 2020 Surgeon General’s Report highlights the latest evidence on the behavioral counseling to support quit attempts. benefits of smoking cessation. The evidence is clear – one of the most important actions people can take to improve their health is to quit ` Considerable disparities exist in the prevalence of smoking, no matter how old they are or how long they’ve been smoking.
    [Show full text]
  • Smoking Cessation for Persons with Mental Illnesses
    Smoking Cessation for Persons with Mental Illnesses A Toolkit for Mental Health Providers Updated January 2009 Table of Contents Overview 1 Why Address This Issue? 1 2 Alarming Statistics 2 3 About this Toolkit: 2 Who is this toolkit for? How do I use this toolkit? 4 Provider Pull-Out: Quick Facts Tobacco Use and Mental Illness 1 Smoking and Mental Illness: 3 Biological Predispositions, Psychological Considerations, Social Considerations, Stigma 2 Specific Psychiatric and Co-occuring Mental Disorders: 4 Depression, Schizophrenia, Co-occuring Substance Abuse and Dependance, Other Psychiatric Disorders 3 Tobacco Industry Targeting 5 Assessment and Intervention Planning 1 Readiness to Quit and Stages of Change: 6 Stages of Change, The 5 A’s (Flowchart, Actions and Strategies), The 5 R’s (Addressing Tobacco Cessation for Tobacco User Unwilling to Quit) 2 Cultural Considerations: 12 Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians, Resources 3 Example of a Clinic Screening 4 Example of a Quitline Referral Form 5 Provider Pull-Out: The 5A’s and 2A’s & R Models Smoking Cessation Treatment for Persons with Mental Illness 1 Key Findings 14 2 Components of Successful Intensive Intervention Programs 15 3 Behavioral Interventions for Smoking Cessation: 16 Overview, SANE program, More Elements of Successful Counseling 4 Prescribing Cessation Medications 18 5 Intervening with Specific Mental Disorders: 19 Depression, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Substance Use Disorders 6 Peer-to-Peer Services 21 7 Smoke-Free Policies 22 8 Provider
    [Show full text]
  • Building Capacity for Smoking Cessation and Treatment of Tobacco
    BUILDING CAPACITY FOR SMOKING Chapter 5 CESSATION AND TREATMENT OF TOBACCO DEPENDENCE Future needs for capacity-building Considerable progress has been made in the provision of effective treatments for tobacco dependence, both behavioural and pharmacological. For many years, behavioural interventions were the only option. Although a combination of behavioural and pharmacological treatment produces the best outcomes, behavioural treatments alone can also be effective. It is critically important that a wide range of interventions be used both in general to support tobacco cessation and specifically to support those who wish to quit tobacco use even where medication is not available (Lando, 2002). Social support for quitting should be possible in all countries, even those with extremely limited resources (Lando, 2002). Success has proved possible from training lay facilitators to conduct group cessation clinics. Abstinence outcomes for those clinics compare favourably with outcomes obtained by doctoral students in counselling psychology. According to the United States Clinical Practice Guideline (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2000), both social support as part of treatment (intra-treatment social support) and help in securing social support outside of treatment (extra-treatment social support) are especially effective in increasing quitting. All countries have lay persons who can provide informal social support for quitting and who can be trained to conduct more formal interventions. There would appear to be special challenges in countries where there are relatively few ex-smokers and where tobacco prevalence rates are high among health professionals (Lando, 2002). Ex-smokers can serve as role models in encouraging quitting, and can provide social support to individuals who are attempting to quit.
    [Show full text]
  • A Teen Smoking Cessation Initial Study in Wuhan, China
    Addictive Behaviors 29 (2004) 1725–1733 Project EX — A teen smoking cessation initial study in Wuhan, China Hong Zhenga,*, Steve Sussmana, Xinguang Chena, Yuanhong Wangb, Jiang Xiab, Jie Gongb, Chunhong Liub, Jianguo Shanb, Jennifer Ungera, C. Anderson Johnsona aInstitute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, USA bCenters for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuhan, PR China Abstract The increasing smoking prevalence in China indicates a need for effective smoking cessation programs, yet, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the effects of smoking cessation programs among Chinese adolescents. A group of 46 10th-grade-level cigarette smokers from two schools in Wuhan, China, were provided with Project EX, an eight-session school-based clinic smoking cessation program developed in the United States. Efforts of translation of the Project EX curriculum, verification of translation, curriculum modification, and cultural adaptation were made to adapt the curriculum to the local culture. The 46 smokers represented 71% of all the self-reported 30-day smokers among 622 10th graders at these two schools. Only one student dropped out from the clinic program. Four-month follow-up data indicated a 10.5% 30-day quit rate and a 14.3% 7-day quit rate. The students who did not quit smoking reported a 16% reduction in daily cigarette consumption at posttest and a 33% reduction at 4-month follow-up. Use of a 2 1/2-week prebaseline-to-baseline clinic assessment indicated a clinic cohort nonassisted quit rate of 3%. These data provided evidence that Project EX can be adapted in another country, such as China; can be very well received; and can lead to promising results on cessation.
    [Show full text]
  • Smoking Cessation Workbook
    My Smoking Cessation Workbook My Smoking Cessation Workbook Acknowledgements The provider manual HIV Provider Smoking Cessation Handbook and the accompanying My Smoking Cessation Workbook were developed by the HIV and Smoking Cessation (HASC) Working Group of the Veterans Affairs Clinical Public Health (CPH). The authors primary goal was to develop materials promoting smoking cessation interventions, based on published principles of evidence- and consensus-based clinical practice, for use by HIV-care providers treating HIV+ patients who smoke. With permission from Dr. Miles McFall and Dr. Andrew Saxon, several materials used in these publications were modified from smoking cessation workbooks they developed for providers of patients with post traumatic stress disorder as part of the Smoking Cessation Project of the Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center of Excellence in Substance Abuse Treatment and Education at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System. The Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline (Fiore, 2000) and the treatment model described by Richard Brown (2003) provided the foundation for their work and therefore indirectly ours as well.1 Many thanks to Kim Hamlett-Berry, Director of the Office of Public Health Policy and Prevention of CPH, for supporting this project; Hannah-Cohen Blair and Michelle Allen, research assistants, for their help organizing materials; and Leah Stockett for editing the manual and the workbook. As well, the HASC Working Group: Ann Labriola, Pam Belperio, Maggie Chartier, Tim Chen, Linda Allen, Mai Vu, Hannah Cohen-Blair, Jane Burgess, Maggie Czarnogorski, Scott Johns, and Kim Hamlett-Berry. 1 Brown, R. A. (2003). Intensive behavioral treatment. In D.
    [Show full text]
  • Part III: Training for Primary Care Providers: Brief Tobacco Interventions; Part IV: Training for Future Trainers: Applying Adult Education Skills to Training
    WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Strengthening health systems for treating tobacco dependence in primary care. Contents: Part I: Training for policy-makers: developing and implementing health systems policy to improve the delivery of brief tobacco interventions; Part II: Training for primary care service managers: planning and implementing system changes to support the delivery of brief tobacco interventions; Part III: Training for primary care providers: brief tobacco interventions; Part IV: Training for future trainers: applying adult education skills to training. 1.Tobacco use disorder - prevention and control. 2.Smoking - prevention and control. 3.Smoking cessation. 4.Primary health care. 5.Delivery of health care. 6.Capacity building. 7.Teaching materials. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 150541 3 (NLM classification: HD 9130.6) © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • How Can I Quit Smoking? (PDF)
    ANSWERS Lifestyle + Risk Reduction by heart Smoking How Can I Quit Smoking? Smoking harms almost every tissue and organ in the body, including your heart and blood vessels. Nicotine, one of the main chemicals in cigarettes, causes your heart to beat faster and your blood pressure to rise. Carbon monoxide from smoking also gets into the blood and robs your body of oxygen. Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke are also harmed. If you smoke or vape, you have good reason to worry about its effect on your health and the health of your loved ones and others. Deciding to quit is a big step. Following through is just as important. Quitting tobacco and nicotine addiction isn’t easy, but others have done it, and you can, too. Is it too late to quit smoking or vaping? quit. Some are: It’s never too late to quit. Quitting smoking has both short- • Stopping all at once on your Quit Day. term and long-term benefits for lowering your cardiovascular • Cutting down the number of cigarettes per day or risk. No matter how much or how long you’ve smoked when how many times you vape until you stop completely. you quit, your risk of heart disease and stroke starts to drop. • Smoking only part of each cigarette. If you use this People who quit smoking generally live longer than people method, you need to count how many puffs you take who continue to smoke. from each cigarette and reduce the number every While you may crave tobacco or nicotine after quitting, most two to three days.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hidden Epidemic: Tobacco Use and Mental Illness
    1724 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036 | T 202 454 5555 | F 202 454 5599 | legacyforhealth.org 80220_Cover.indd 3 6/21/11 9:03 AM 80220_Cover.indd 4 6/21/11 9:03 AM A Hidden Epidemic: Tobacco Use and Mental Illness June 2011 80220_book.indd 1 6/21/11 12:40 AM Legacy’s Commitment to Dissemination Legacy® is a national non-profit committed to helping Americans live longer, healthier lives. Its mission is to build a world where young people reject tobacco and anyone can quit. To further this mission, Legacy has engaged in a comprehensive dissemination effort to share lessons learned from the replicable, sustainable tobacco control projects that were implemented across the nation with the assistance of past Legacy funding. In response to the recent financial downturn and to maximize the impact of limited funds, Legacy has shifted its efforts to focus mostly on population-based strategies and suspended its competitive grant-making programs. Legacy no longer solicits or accepts competitive funding requests and all existing grants will be phased out by 2012. A Hidden Epidemic: Tobacco Use and Mental Illness is the tenth publication in Legacy’s dissemination series. This publication seeks to call attention to the issue of the high prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people with mental illnesses and to highlight barriers to effective tobacco-cessation efforts to help people with mental illnesses quit. This publication also features examples of five projects that demonstrate how organizations across America are addressing tobacco-related disparities faced by people with mental illnesses.
    [Show full text]
  • My Tobacco Cessation Workbook
    My Tobacco Cessation Workbook A Resource for Veterans This page intentionally left blank. My Tobacco Cessation Workbook A Resource for Veterans Acknowledgements The provider manual Primary Care & Tobacco Cessation and the accompanying My Tobacco Cessation Workbook were developed by Julianne Himstreet, Pharm.D., BCPS. The author’s primary goal was to develop materials promoting tobacco cessation interventions, based on published principles of evidence- and consensus-based clinical practice, for use by primary care providers treating patients who use tobacco. With permission from the HIV and Smoking Cessation (HASC) Working Group, several materials used in the Primary Care & Tobacco Cessation provider manual were modified from HIV Provider Smoking Cessation Handbook. The U.S. Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline (Fiore, 2000) and the treatment model described by Richard Brown (2003) provided the foundation for their work and therefore indirectly ours as well.1 Many thanks to Kim Hamlett-Berry, Director of Tobacco & Health Policy in Clinical Public Health, Office of Public Health, for supporting this project and Leah Stockett for editing the manual and the workbook. In addition, much appreciation needs to be given to Dana Christofferson, Kim Hamlett-Berry, Pam Belperio, and Tim Chen for their editing and content contributions.1 1 Brown, R. A. (2003). Intensive behavioral treatment. In D. B. Abrams, R. Niaura, R. Brown, K. M. Emmons, M. G. Goldstein, & P. M. Monti, The tobacco dependence treatment handbook: A guide to best practices (pp. 118-177). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Fiore, M. C., Bailey, W. C., Cohen, S. J., Dorfman, S. F., Goldstein, M. G., Gritz, E.
    [Show full text]