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Owen Harris Hellenes and Arabs at Home and Abroad Greek
Hellenes and Arabs at Home and Abroad: Greek Orthodox Christians from Aleppo in Athens Owen Harris A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in International Studies University of Washington 2021 Committee: Kathie Friedman Mary Kay Gugerty Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies ©Copyright 2021 Owen Harris University of Washington Abstract Hellenes and Arabs at Home and Abroad: Greek Orthodox Christians from Aleppo in Athens Owen Harris Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Kathie Friedman Jackson School of International Studies Abstract: In this thesis, I show how communities living together in relative equality in Aleppo, Syria, and fleeing the same conflict, experienced very different outcomes depending on which religious community they belonged to. Members of the Greek Orthodox Christian community from Aleppo who have moved to Athens reported that their new home is exactly the same as the community they left behind. Members of the Muslim community from Aleppo in Athens did not agree with this statement. Why do Greek Orthodox Christians fare so much better than their Muslim compatriots in Greece? I argue that this inequality is a result of opportunities and challenges created by policies instituted during the great unmixing of peoples in the early 20th century and the refugee crisis in the early 21st century. Greek Orthodox Christians are equal citizens in a secular Arab republic that values ecumenism and members of the Greek diaspora in a Hellenic republic that privileges Greek ethno-religious belonging. They are Arab Hellenes, equally Greek and Syrian. Drawing on data collected in interviews with members of the Greek Orthodox Syrian community in Greece, as well as Syrians of different faiths in other countries, I examine what went right for Greek Orthodox Syrians in Athens and suggest policy tools that government and civil society can use to create similar conditions for Muslim Syrians in Greece. -
What's at Stake for the Gulf Arab States in Syria?
What’s at Stake for the Gulf Arab States in Syria? Hussein Ibish June 30, 2016 What’s at Stake for the Gulf Arab States in Syria? Hussein Ibish Issue Paper #6 2016 The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington (AGSIW), established in 2014, is an independent, non-profit institution dedicated to increasing the understanding and appreciation of the social, economic, and political diversity of the Arab Gulf states. Through expert research, analysis, exchanges, and public discussion, the institute seeks to encourage thoughtful debate and inform decision makers shaping U.S. policy regarding this critical geo-strategic region. © 2016 Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington. All rights reserved. AGSIW does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the views of AGSIW, its staff, or its Board of Directors. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from AGSIW. Please direct inquiries to: Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington 1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 1060 Washington, DC 20036 This publication can be downloaded at no cost at www.agsiw.org. Photo Credit: AP/Pool Credit: Mandel Ngan - Pool/Getty Images Photo Credit: Mandel Ngan - Pool/Getty Images About the Author Hussein Ibish is a senior resident scholar at the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington. He previously served as a senior fellow at the American Task Force on Palestine, executive director of the Foundation for Arab-American Leadership, and communications director for the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. -
Institutional Adaptation to Environmental Change
Institutional Adaptation to Environmental Change Leander Heldring∗ Robert C. Alleny Mattia C. Bertazziniz November 2019 JOB MARKET PAPER. LATEST VERSION HERE Abstract In this paper we show that states form to overcome the adverse effects of environmental change. In a panel dataset of settlement, state formation, and public good provision in southern Iraq between 5000BCE and today, we estimate the effect of a series of river shifts. We hypothesize that a river shift creates a collective action problem in communally organizing irrigation, and creates demand for a state. We show four main results. First, a river shift negatively affects settlement density, and therefore incen- tivizes canal irrigation. Second, a river shift leads to state formation, centralization of existing states, and the construction of administrative buildings. Third, these states raise taxes, and build canals to replace river irrigation. Finally, where canals are built, river shifts no longer negatively affect settlement. Our results support a social contract theory of state formation: citizens faced with a collective action problem exchange resources and autonomy for public good provision. Keywords: Environmental Change, States, Collective Action, Iraq. JEL classification: O10, O13, H70, Q5. ∗Job market candidate. Institute on Behavior & Inequality (briq), Schaumburg-Lippe-Strasse 5-9 53113 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.leanderheldring.com. yFaculty of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Marina District, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. E-mail: [email protected]. zDepartment of Economics and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, 10 Manor Road, OX1 3UQ Oxford, United Kingdom. E- mail: [email protected]. -
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Essential and Biological Activities Composition Chemical
Chemical Composition Activities and Biological Essential of Oils Chemical • Edoardo Napoli Marco and Maura Di Vito Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils Edited by Edoardo Marco Napoli and Maura Di Vito Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Antibiotics www.mdpi.com/journal/antibiotics Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils Editors Edoardo Marco Napoli Maura Di Vito MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editors Edoardo Marco Napoli Maura Di Vito Institute of Biomolecular University of Bologna Chemistry Italy National Research Council Universit`a Cattolica del Sacro Cuore ICB-CNR Italy Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antibiotics/special issues/Chemical Composition). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-0365-1250-1 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-0365-1251-8 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Edoardo Napoli and Maria Grazia Bellardi. © 2021 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. -
Explaining Syria By
Explaining Syria by Esmond Wei An honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science Undergraduate College Leonard N. Stern School of Business New York University May 2015 Professor Marti G. Subrahmanyam Professor Joseph Foudy Faculty Adviser Thesis Adviser Acknowledgments I would like to extend my gratitude and appreciation to my thesis adviser, Professor Joseph Foudy. Throughout this entire process of formulating, conducting, and articulating this thesis, Professor Foudy has been there to provide insight, direction, and resources to make this entire endeavor possible. I appreciate all that he has done throughout the school year and recognize that none of this would be possible without him. I would also like to thank Professor Marti Subrahmanyam for his commitment to the Stern Honors Program. It was truly an unique program to participate in and it would not have been possible without Professor Subrahmanyam and others committing to the program in the manner that they have. Explaining Syria Abstract: The Middle-East has historically been a hotbed of tension, instability, and conflict. Yet, despite the volatile dynamics in the region, until recent years, the region has been governed surprisingly resilient regimes. Only recently, did the Arab Spring dislodge these resilient governments. As the spotlight is currently on the world’s response against the Islamic State and the ongoing civil war in Syria, the popular explanation to this conflict is that sectarianism drove Syria into this crisis. However, we believe that sectarianism alone did not cause the war. Rather, it was a regime that enacted economic policies that strengthened its grip on power but sacrificed long-term effects on growth. -
Uncertain Refuge, Dangerous Return: Iraq's Uprooted Minorities
report Uncertain Refuge, Dangerous Return: Iraq’s Uprooted Minorities by Chris Chapman and Preti Taneja Three Mandaean men, in their late teens and early twenties, await their first baptism, an important and recurring rite in the Mandaean religion. The baptism took place in a stream on the edge of Lund, in southern Sweden. Andrew Tonn. Acknowledgements Preti Taneja is Commissioning Editor at MRG and the Minority Rights Group International gratefully acknowledges author of MRG’s 2007 report on Iraq, Assimilation, Exodus, the following organizations for their financial contribution Eradication: Iraq’s Minority Communities since 2003. She towards the realization of this report: United Nations High also works as a journalist, editor and filmmaker specialising Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), The Ericson Trust, in human rights and development issues. Matrix Causes Fund, The Reuben Foundation Minority Rights Group International The authors would like to thank the following people: Abeer Minority Rights Group International (MRG) is a non- Dagestani, Salam Ghareb, Samira Hardo-Gharib, Kasem governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the Habib, Termida Salam Katia, Nuri Kino, Father Khalil, rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and Heatham Safo, Kate Washington, all those who contributed indigenous peoples worldwide, and to promote cooperation their time, skills and insights and all those who shared their and understanding between communities. Our activities are experiences with us during the research for this report. focused on international advocacy, training, publishing and Report Editor: Carl Soderbergh. Production Coordinator: outreach. We are guided by the needs expressed by our Kristen Harrision. Copy Editor: Sophie Mayer. worldwide partner network of organizations, which represent minority and indigenous peoples. -
Journal of Undergraduate Research
2012–2013 VOLUME I / ISSUE 9 Journal of 2012–2013 Undergraduate Access More Papers in the Online Edition at: www.nd.edu/~ujournal Research JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH UNDERGRADUATE JOURNAL OF MONICA VANBLADEL MEGHAN MCKINNEY JONES Diffusing Authority: Borges on Identity, ‘Not Wholly True’: The Myth of American Community Tradition and Creation in Nella Larsen’s Passing NATHALIE ROSADO AMY MASLAR Chekri Ganem and the Comité Central Syrien: The Choice Was Theirs Syrian Nationalism in Paris, 1905–1921 REBECCA KIBLER MARIA SERAKOS The Role of Translation Equivalents in Acquiring Difficult-to- The Effects of Welfare Reform on the Postsecondary Translate Second Language Vocabulary Degree Attainment of Young Adult Women Front cover and design by Georges-Philippe Toumayan and Colleen MacDonald University of Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters Journal of Undergraduate JResearch U2012 2013 college of arts and letters university of notreR dame journal of undergraduate research ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Journal of Undergraduate Research is a product of the work of many dedicated men and women. While the Editors-in-Chief and the Editorial Board have what are perhaps the most visible roles, it is the efforts of others that truly make this project possible. As the Journal’s faculty advisor, Nicholas Russo, Assistant Dean in the College of Arts and Letters, deserves our gratitude for his help and guidance throughout the process. The Office of the Dean in the College of Arts and Letters continues to guarantee their support of the Journal, which enables our student board to produce a thoroughly professional publication each year. We also thank John McGreevy, Dean of the College, who continues to enliven the thesis culture among Notre Dame’s liberal arts students. -
Journal for Strategic Studies and International Relations
Journal for Strategic Studies and International Relations Issue 1 6/2011 ▪ The Islamic Umma – their duties ▪ Contemporary History of some Countries in the Middle East ▪ Revolution and Freedom in the Arab World - and then? ▪ Analysis of improvement possibilities in the Middle East region ▪ Foundations of Western World – Social and Political Aspects ▪ Western World – Islamic World Relationship ▪ Basic principles in the relationship between the Muslim World and other people and cultures • Institute for Strategic 1 Studies and International Relations (ISSIR) • • Institute for Strategic Studies and International Relations (ISSIR) • • Karlsruhe/Germany – Ras Nhache/Lebanon • www.aecenar.com/institutes/issir Postal Address ISSIR Karlsruhe ISSIR Ras Nhache !# $ !"# – – Haid-und-Neu-Str.7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany !# – %&' Tel. 0049 (0)721 9658 567 Tel./Fax. 00961 (0)6 921318 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Issue 1 (English Edition) June 2011 ISSIR is a Member Institute of This Edition was in Cooperation with Editorial Board Editor: Samir Mourad, AECENAR and DIdI Authors: Samir Mourad, AECENAR and DIdI Dr. iur. Jasmin Pacic, DIdI Translators: Silvia Latifa Tertag, DIdI Moryam Heike Islam, DIdI Cover Design: Grit Amaly Hoffmann, DIdI 2 Content 1 The Islamic Umma – their duties ............................................................................................... 5 1.1 Building an Islamic society................................................................................................ 5 1.1.1 Propagation -
The Syrian Refugee Crisis: a Short Orientation
RCIS Working Paper No. 2017/2 The Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Short Orientation Vappu Tyyskä Jenna Blower Samantha DeBoer Shunya Kawai Ashley Walcott Ryerson University Series Editor: Shuguang Wang RCIS Working Papers present scholarly research of all disciplines on issues related to immigration and settlement. The purpose is to stimulate discussion and collect feedback. The views expressed by the author(s) do not necessarily reflect those of RCIS. For a complete list of RCIS publications, visit www.ryerson.ca/rcis ISSN: 1929-9915 Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Canada License RCIS Working Paper No. 2017/2 Introduction Following decades of internal religious, political, and economic turmoil and international actions, a civil war broke out in Syria in 2011, sending unprecedented numbers of refugees to the surrounding countries, to Europe, and gradually to North America. While the international and Canadian communities are struggling to address this humanitarian crisis, background knowledge about the unfolding situation is needed. This report will provide: (1) a summary of the recent history of the Syrian crisis, starting in the 1970s; (2) an orientation to the Syrian refugee flows; and (3) an outline of the Canadian and international refugee resettlement efforts. Origins of the Syrian Crisis The complex history of the Middle East is a much longer story than can be told here, with roots extending far beyond the last four to five decades, which are the focus of this paper (June 2016). A full treatment of the events of this more recent era in Syria is very challenging, as we have opted to focus on the current events and their precedents which shed light on the present humanitarian crisis. -
Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation Thomas Pierret, Laila Alrefaai
Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation Thomas Pierret, Laila Alrefaai To cite this version: Thomas Pierret, Laila Alrefaai. Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation. Wehrey Frederic. Return to Islamic Institutions in Arab States: Mapping the Dynamics of Con- trol, Co-option, and Contention, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2021. hal-03259910 HAL Id: hal-03259910 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03259910 Submitted on 14 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation - Isl…ption, and Contention - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 14/06/2021 1502 RETURN TO ISLAMIC INSTITUTIONS IN ARAB STATES: MAPPING THE DYNAMICS OF CONTROL, CO-OPTION, AND CONTENTION https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/07/religious-governan…VGRxweWlvGyRC5kMOB2uewbbLsqrRHEj7Gm4Nl2uSVOxQZFe7yvQ-tvxNig Page 1 sur 33 Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation - Isl…ption, and Contention - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 14/06/2021 1502 https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/07/religious-governan…GRxweWlvGyRC5kMOB2uewbbLsqrRHEj7Gm4Nl2uSVOxQZFe7yvQ-tvxNig Page 2 sur 33 Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation - Isl…ption, and Contention - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 14/06/2021 1502 Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation Thomas Pierret, Laila Alrefaai In Syria, disparate governing figures have different levels of involvement with and power over religious institutes. -
The Near & Middle East
The Near & Middle East Maggs Bros. Ltd. 48 Bedford Square London WC1B 3DR Telephone: +44 (0)20 7493 7160 Email: [email protected] © Maggs Bros Ltd 2020 THE ARABIAN PENINSULA A Handsome Portrait 1 [BAHRAIN]. Signed photograph of the Emir of Bahrain, Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa. Original silver gelatin photograph, measuring 820 by 139mm, signed in dark blue ink. A few light creases to bottom left corner, stamp of State of Bahrain, Ministry of Information and ms. caption in pencil to reverse. With an official State of Bahrain, Ministry of Information envelope, dated 1973. [Manama], Ministry of Information, [1973]. £500 A handsome photographic portrait of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (1931-1999), who was the first Emir of Bahrain, ruling for thirty- eight years. 1 With descriptions of Kuwait and Qatar its chief town, Doha, and its ruler, Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani (1880-1957). The Sheikh is described as “a rich and 2 GENERAL STAFF, INDIA. Field Notes. Mesopotamia. powerful chief, who has a following of about 2,000 fighting men.” February 1915. Catalogue No. M. 3. (p.179). He is also said to be “friendly toward the British … [and] would no doubt be glad to be rid of the Turks.” (p.180). The last First edition, one of 500 copies. With a folding heliozincographed comment proved to be somewhat prescient, as the Sheikh forced map of “Lower Mesopotamia”, dated 1914. Original limp tan the Ottomans to abandon their garrison in Doha on the 19th of buckram with wrap-around fastening tie, covers a little stained August 1915, just 6 months after this manual was prepared. -
Islamic and Islamist Revivalism in Syria: the Rise and Fall of Secularism in Ba'thist Syria
Islamic and Islamist Revivalism in Syria: The Rise and Fall of Secularism in Ba„thist Syria. Line Khatib © 2 Line Khatib Islamic Revivalism in Syria 3 Line Khatib ISLAMIC AND ISLAMIST REVIVALISM IN SYRIA: THE RISE AND FALL OF SECULARISM IN BA„THIST SYRIA. ___________________________________________ 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _____________________________________________________ 6 ABSTRACT _________________________________________________________________ 7 RESUME ____________________________________________________________________ 8 Chapter 1: The Subject of Islamic Revivalism in Syria _____________________________ 10 Scope of the Study __________________________________________________________________ 10 Key Research Questions and Key Variables ______________________________________________ 12 ―Islamic,‖ ―Islamist‖ and ―Fundamentalist‖ Defined _______________________________________ 13 Why Study Syria‘s Conflictual Relationship with its Islamic Movement? _______________________ 14 Contribution _______________________________________________________________________ 16 Contending Perspectives ______________________________________________________________ 16 Methodology _______________________________________________________________________ 25 Map of the Work ____________________________________________________________________ 27 PART I: THE ORIGINS OF THE CONFLICT ___________________________________ 28 Chapter 2: Rise of a Secular Socialist Party: The Ba´th in Power _____________________ 29 Introduction ________________________________________________________________________