International Science Programme, Uppsala University, Sweden IPICS Reference Group Assessment of Grant Application in 2012

Allocations decided 2013-12-17 by the ISP Board

CAB:01 - To increase the research capacity in Chemistry department at RUPP

1) Applicant (Group leader/Network coordinator: title, first name, family name) Mr. Savoeun HENG Address Department/unit: Chemistry Department University/institute: Royal University of Phnom Penh Street (visiting address): Russian Federation Blvd P.O Box nr: 2640 Post code: City: Phnom Penh Country: Cambodia E-mail address [email protected] Website www.rupp.edu.kh Telephone Telefax Office Home Mobile Office +855 16 944 572 +855 23 880 116

IPICS support to activities started: 2010 Funding last three years (kSEK): 2011/ 450 2012/ 550 2013/ 417 Requested funding (kSEK): 2014/ 753 2015/ 827 2016/ 803 Approved funding (kSEK): 2014/ 450 2015/ 500 2016/ 500

IPICS Scientific Reference Group assessment

Summary: The proposal addresses capacity building in environmental analytical chemistry. This area is key to the country where water pollution is an issue, which is high on the agenda nationally.

Evaluation. It is a very relevant topic. The outlined activities are important for capacity development and training. Strong outreach activities are indicated.

Recommendation. Continued ISP support for the next three-year period, although the budget request cannot be accommodated in full. Continued focus on contamination studies is supported. It would be important to strengthen the competence in particular with regard to the fieldwork components: 1) problem identification; 2) sampling strategy; 3) sampling methodology. Particularly in work on As, it is recommended to tap into existing experience, also e.g. in Bangladesh and in African countries

International Science Programme, Uppsala University, Sweden IPICS Reference Group Assessment of Grant Application in 2012

Allocations decided 2013-12-17 by the ISP Board

Rating of Assessment parameters (by two reference group members, A and B)

Assessment parameter / Rating Excellent Very good Good To be improved Scientific quality A,B Justification/ Strategic relevance B A Clear and realistic objectives A,B Feasibility A,B Expected outcomes B A Postgraduate education potential B A Leader’s scientific and management capacity A,B Sustainability A,B Scientific achievements previous period A B Educational achievements previous period A,B Outreaching activities A,B

Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents  The undergraduates will gained the basic and apply research skills with the true nature of science and the scientific process, which it can develop of individual investigative skills, critical thought and the ability to evaluate information and to analyses experimental data. All those research experiences can contribute with high quality of research in Analytical Chemistry for their future in research careers, professional high school teacher careers, or further study in Master of Science in Chemistry.  Master program will produce the MSc graduates with opportunity to develop and improve their scientific research skills that can contribute of high quality research in chemistry in their careers and professions.

Specific objectives for 2017-2019:

1) To start the MSc. program for bath 6 intake in early of 2017, and subsequent bath in every following year intake.

2) To enhance more collaboration with regional and international scientists through possible partnership research projects, participation in technical science conference and dissemination of research results international conference and/or international journal, and exchange visit by cooperation scientists from and to Cambodia.

3) To produce more human resources with PhD level, by supporting the potential staff to pursue the PhD degree in abroad or in Sweden.

4) To establish the cooperation regional/international universities for the opportunity of student exchange program to improve the practice of scientific research.

5) To accomplish the national baseline date for monitoring of the metal and CO2 levels in surface water of Cambodia riverine system.

7) To publish the research results in international conferences and international journals.

9) To apply more financial support to research activities, other than from ISP, for long-term stability.

8) To establish more training program to high school teachers in provinces to gain more/upgrade knowledge in chemistry, this is up to date for high school curriculum reform as the Ministry of Education’s guideline.

Expected outcomes of the research activity:

 Scientific Results:

-Produce the national base line data of metal (Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn) and CO2 levels in surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia.  Graduations:

- Produce the human resources with bachelor and master degrees in chemistry with quality of research experiences, which they can contribute to the Cambodian society

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents through their research careers or professional teaching in chemical education and research.

- About 20 research theses defended students (B.Sc) will be graduated in every year, which about 3-4 students will be selected from the above proposed projects, the rest number of students will select their own research topics according to their supervisors, through CAB:1 grant.

- About 11-15 report theses defended students (M.Sc) in each year.

- Two staff will finish their PhD program at the end of year 2018.

 Dissemination (publications/conference contributions, etc.):

-The research results as the baseline data set, which will be presented: a) At the university levels by presenting this result in the annual workshop of Natural Science at Royal University of Phnom Penh. b) At society levels by presenting the results in the Chemical Cambodia Society at Royal Academy of Cambodia. c) At 4 international conferences (Two times for each projects). d) As 4 manuscript publications in international journals (Two manuscripts for each projects).

 Scientific exchange:

Collaboration with scientists regionally/internationally for research, staff training, coauthor-publications, inviting the local/international environmental chemical expertise to share the experiences. ‐ 1-3 academic staff and 1-4 final year students (5 participants) from Cambodia will participated in 4th ANFEC training in January/ 2017, Lao for 3weeks. - We will organize the 5th ANFEC training in January/2018 for 3 weeks. - 1-3 academic staff and 1-4 final year students (5 participants) from Cambodia will participated in 6th ANFEC training in January/ 2019, Bangladesh for 3weeks. - Searching for conduction research in regional/ international university for short period (3-6 months).

 Interactions with government and society:

The research results will present in national conference/seminar, and the production of research outcomes relevant to development that can be used by government agencies to improve policy.

 Other:

More students and academic staff will involve/ support in the research activities.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents b) Give a summary of the research plan/network program We have proposed two main research projects, that the overall research answers to the question how is the current status of metal pollutions (Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb) and

carbonate system {Total alkalinity (TA), pCO2, DIC, calcite (Ωcal) and aragonite (Ωara) saturation} impact on surface water in the tropical Cambodia riverine system

and its ecosystem, and what level of the pCO2 product from the riverine system to atmosphere, which may affect to global climate change.

Project 1: Seasonal variation of metals (Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn) in surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. To measure the metal levels (Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb) will be used the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS, VARIAN Spectra 220), and refine it with ICP-MS.

The project 2: Seasonal variation in carbonate chemistry (TA, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal and Ωara), pH and salinity in the surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. To determine the carbonate parameters will be performed by an automatic potentiometric titrator (G20 Compact, Mettler-Toledo).

Acording the propose research paln activies for 2017-2019, the reasearch results will be producd from the runn analyis of eigth (8) sampling times within 3 month interval, (4 occations /season), for each projects. Thus, the reasearch result findings will be established as the national baseline for the levels of metal and carbonet chemistry is surfacae water in riverine system in Cambodia, and it will be usedful for the regional and golobal data set. In addiiton, the results (for each project) will be presented in two international conferences (Jul-Sep/2018 & Jul-Sep2019), and can be producted two manuscripts for international journals(1st: Oct/2018-Mar/2019; 2nd: Dec/2019).

 For bachelor degree students in chemistry will graduate in year 2017, 2018 and 2019, there will be about 20 students (each year) will involve in the independent research projects to accomplish their final year thesis. Among those 20 students, there will be selected 3-5 students to participate the above the main projects. The rest amount of students will be designing the independent research projects according to supervisors.

c) Give a summary of the postgraduate education plan

To reach the overall goals, our strategy is as follows:

- To ensure the self-sustainability of the program in the future, not only opening of new batch is planned, but self-improvement in terms of quality as well as marketing strategy to attract more outstanding students to enroll in the program are also considered. - The M. Sc. in Chemistry Program is committed to become a research-oriented program in the future that will help the university to become internationally recognized. - For the M. Sc. in Chemistry Program of the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, to become recognized regionally and internationally, collaboration with academic institutions and industrial firms in the region and around the world are important aside from self-strengthening academically and scientifically. Therefore, our plan is to co-operate the recognized regional/ international universities for sandwich/exchange program then the M.Sc. students, can get both certificate’s universities (RUPP and cooperated university).

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents - Having more researchers and PhD. holders in Chemistry are a strategy toward success of the M. Sc. Chemistry Program at Royal University of Phnom Penh. -The Department of Chemistry, RUPP will announce Batch 6, and 7 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Local qualified instructors will be employed more in the teaching and research supervision in the M. Sc. Program than hitherto.

-Two of the research team members are under the partly supported ISP CAB:1 are continuing their study in France and Sweden and will complete their degree at the end of 2018. In 2019, one of the research team members or other staff of Chemistry department will be admitted to sandwich PhD programme. Doctoral candidate will spend one and a half years in Cambodia and another one and a half years in overseas (maybe in Sweden or other country). Another team member or other staff of Chemistry department will take postdoctoral research in sandwich programme. She/he will spend 6 months in Cambodia and 6 months in Sweden.

d) Give a summary of the gender perspective on the research and education plans The research proposal here contributes to improving the quality of our undergraduate program in which 55% of students are female. Last year eleven (11) out of twelve (12) undergraduate thesis students were females and in batches 4 & 5 of our M.Sc. Chemistry, 35% of candidates are females.

e) Provide a number of keywords

Keywords: Metal, carbonate chemistry, partial pressure, tropical river, Mekong River, Tonle Sap, surface water.

3. Specifications of costs 2017-2019 (Please, carefully read and follow guidelines for Budget, and, if applicable, conditions and instructions for Research Groups’ overhead costs)

3a) Specification of costs in 2017

Specification of Costs in 2017 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK) Equipment/spare parts/service AAS (AA-7000 SHIMADZU (Flame/Furnace Dual) 295,000.00 653,940.00 1 set and its shipment Automatic potentiometric titrator (G20S Compact, Mettler-Toledo) 1 set its shipment 126,400.00 YSI professional Multi parameter 1 set 30,900.00 Instrumental repairs and maintenance 13,720.00 Total cost for master program for bath 4 and 5 th 187,920.00 Consumables/literature/field work Consumables 1) Chemicals, apparatus and gases (propose researches 168,500.00 328,500.00 and final year thesis students) 2) Office consumable 8,600.00 Literature 1) Publication of theses, poster and literature printings, 8,200.00

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents Field work 1) Field work (propose researches 143,200.00 and final year thesis students Conferences/workshops 71,600.00 a) To be visited 4th ANFEC training in Lao January, 2017 (3 week worksh 2 staff: travel, subsistence 25,720.00 3 students: travel, subsistence 26,580.00

b) To be arranged 1) Thesis students 5,150.00 2) Local research seminar 14,150.00

Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 1) 1 Scientist from Cambodia to Bangladesh/Thailand/ 21,450.00 58,450.00 Korea/ regional university for reconfirm test of sample with ICP-MS (1 month) Airfare, substance, accommodation 2) 2 Scientists from Sweden to Cambodia for training in 37,000.00 two weeks Airfare, substance, accommodation Fellowships for training/exchange a) North-South 265,800.00 Expense for two PhD students are studying in 128,600.00 1) Sweden Ms. Sreylakhena Phal (Oct/2016-Dec/2017) 1000 USD x 15 Months = 15,000 USD. 2) France: Khley Cheng (Sep/2016-Dec/2017) 137,200.00 1000 USD x 16 Months = 16,000USD b) South-South Support to students 33,700.00 Honorarium for student research supervisors 33,700.00 Activities for improving gender balance 0 0

Network administrative costs 0 0

Audit costs 0 0

TOTAL 1,411,990.00 (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 3b) Specifications of costs in 2018

Specification of Costs in 2018 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK) Equipment/spare parts/service Instrument repair and maintenance 13,720.00 201,640.00 Total cost for master program for bath 5 and 6 th 187,920.00 Consumables/literature/field work Consumables 378,000.00 1) Chemicals, apparatus and gases (propose researches 197,200.00 and final year thesis students) 2) Office consumable 8,600.00 Literature 1) Publication of theses, poster and literature 9,300.00 printings, Field work 162,900.00 1) Field work (propose researches and final year thesis students Conferences/workshops 99,400.00 c) To be visited 1) Presentation of project in International conference - 2 staff: registration fee, travel, subsistence, 33,700.00 accommodation d) To be arranged 1) Thesis students 5,150.00 2) Local research seminar 14,150.00 3) 5th ANFEC training in Cambodia, 2017 (2 week 46,400.00 workshop) Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 58,450.00 1)1 Scientist from Cambodia to Bangladesh/ 21,450.00 Thailand/ Korea/ regional university for reconfirm test of samples with ICP-MS (1 month) Airfare, substance, accommodation 2) 2 Scientists from Sweden to Cambodia for training 37,000.00 in two weeks Airfare, substance, accommodation (USD) Fellowships for training/exchange 206,060.00 c) North-South Expense for two PhD students are studying in 1) Sweden Ms. Sreylakhena Phal (Jan-Dec/2018) 1000 USD x 12 Months = 12,000 USD. 103,030.00 2) France: Khley Cheng (Jan-Dec/2018) 1000 USD x 12 Months = 12,000USD 103,030.00 d) South-South Support to students 34,000.00 Honorarium for student research supervisors 34,000.00 Activities for improving gender balance 0 0 Network administrative costs 0 0 Audit costs 0 0

TOTAL 977,550.00 (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table) 8 (30)

Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 3c) Specifications of costs in 2019

Specification of Costs in 2019 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK) Equipment/spare parts/service 205,120.00 Instrument repair and maintenance 17,200.00 Total cost for master program for bath 6 and 7 th 187,920.00 Consumables/literature/field work 1) Chemicals, apparatus and gases (propose researche 171,800.00 333,000.00 and final year thesis students) 2) Office consumable 8,600.00 Literature 1) Publication of theses, poster and literature 8,600.00 printings. Field work 1) Field work (propose researches and final year thesis students 144,000.00 Conferences/workshops 119,030.00 e) To be visited 1) 6th ANFEC training in Bangladesh January, 2017 (3 week workshop) -2 staff: travel, subsistence 31,730.00 -3 students: travel, subsistence 34,300.00

2) Presentation of project in International conference 33,700.00 - 2 staff: registration fee, travel, subsistence, accommodation f) To be arranged 1) Thesis student 5,150.00 2) Local research seminar 14,150.00 Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 58,450.00 1) Scientist from Cambodia to Bangladesh/ Thailand/ Korea/ regional university for reconfirm tes 21,450.00 of samples with ICP-MS (1 month) Airfare, substance, accommodation 2) 2 Scientists from Sweden to Cambodia for training in two weeks 37,000.00 Airfare, substance, accommodation (USD) Fellowships for training/exchange e) North-South Expense for 1 PhD students are studying in Sweden 103,030.00 103,030.00 abroad (Jan-Dec/2019) 1000 USD x 12 Months = 12,000 USD. f) South-South Support to students Honorarium for student research supervisors 34,000.00 34,000.00 (23 Persons x 150USD)= 4000 USD Activities for improving gender balance 0 Network administrative costs 0 Audit costs 0 Ref Group Meeting Participation (Only for 2019)Ref. Group Meeting 9 (30)

Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents

TOTAL 852,630.00 (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 3d. Justification of budget items

On behalf of ISP team in Chemistry Department, Royal University in Cambodia I am pleased to justify for the revised budget for the proposed project application (2017-2019) as below;

1) The total amount of the proposed fund for three years is 3,242,170.0 SEK, which for the first year is 1,411,990.0 SEK, follows by 977,550.0 SEK, and 852,630.0 SEK for the next two following years.

The proposed fund for year 1 is the highest, this cases dues to: we have proposed two analytical instruments {ASS: AA-7000 SHIMADZU: Flame/Furnace Dual (295,000.00 SEK, and Automatic potentiometric titrator G20S Compact, Mettler-Toledo (126,400.00SEK)}. The mentioned analytical instruments are useful and in need cause; our AAS available is an old aged use and out of functions in sometimes. Similarly, the Automatic potentiometric titrator is not available in our department. With these instruments allow us to explore the fascination of doing the research on environmental analytical chemistry research (metals and carbonate chemistry in river system surface water).

In addition to the two proposed instruments, we also included the proposed subsistence fund September-December/2016 and October- December 2016 in the requested budget 2017 for two staff, studying in PhD program, which France and Sweden, respectively. Cause, the supported fund for their subsistence in year 2016 was located and ended only till August and September/2016. The propose fund for subsistence to our staff for their PhD program is significant to our department’ human resource capacity building up for the future development in education and research.

2) The total proposed fund for three years is 3,242,170.0 SEK, which this would give our department the massive of chances to develop our department in the future for education and research activities. We hope by this proposed project our two staff will get PhD degree in 2018 and 2019 from recognized universities oversea. Furthermore, within the proposed project for three years we will produce the local master graduated around 30 students.

We believe the two environmental analytical chemistry research projects are strongly needed in our place in order to produce the national baseline data and examine the issue to the environment for society well-being and sustainable development. Then, we hope our academic staff will run this apply research independently with fruitful results, which will be presented in the international conferences and published in the international journals.

In addition to the fascination of doing the research, we hope it will give great opportunity to the final year thesis students to gain their basic scientific research skills such as sampling, laboratory method design/development, data analysis/ interpretation and report write up. Hopefully, about 50 B.Sc students will be involved in the projects and successfully graduated during the propose project.

Moreover we are confident that this project would be extremely help and valuable for our future development in both for local higher education and scientific research.

We thank for considering our proposed project.

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Cambodian Chemical society (CCS) Proposed budget, year 2017-2019(3 years)

Proposed budget for CCS’s activities:

1. Expanses for Symposium - Lunch and coffee break 2days x 8$ x 200 (pers.) = 3,200 - Participants transportation 100 pers. X 15$ = 1,500 - Document/handouts/supply 1 x 200 (pers) = 200

Total = 4, 900 USD

2. Expanses for Training Total = 1,300 USD

3. Expanses for Bulletin Total = 1,100 USD

Grand total = 7,300 USD

Total for 3 years = 7,300 x 3 = 21,900 USD

30 July, 2016

Sieng Huy

Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 4. Staff and students in the group/network

List staff and students planned to be actively involved in the proposed activity.

a) List staff in the group/network Staff members who also are active students are to be listed ONLY under students. Networks list members of Board on Management Committee, node coordinators etc. Note that support staff (Supp.) comprises all non-academic and undergraduate staff engaged, e.g. laboratory assistants, technicians, secretaries, etc.

Gende Given name, Position held Staff qualifications r family name / Function1 PhD Othe Sup F/M r Ac. p. M Thavy, Chey Head of Chemistry Dept. M.Sc /Ac. M Siteng, Tieng Head of Bio-Science Engineering PhD Ac. Dept. F Proum, Sorya Lecturer at Chemistry Dept. PhD Ac. M Savoeurn, Heng Lecturer at Chemistry Dept. M.Sc /Ac F Putheary, Ngin Lecturer at Chemistry M.Sc /Ac F Soknet, Sreng Lecturer at Chemistry M.Sc /Ac. F Somphos, Seng Lecturer at Chemistry M.Sc Supp . M Sovuthy, Mey Vice-Head of Chemistry Dept. M.Sc Supp M Vichet, Sean Lecturer at Chemistry M.Sc Supp M Satyaviasal, Pen Lecturer at Chemistry M.Sc Supp (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

b) List students in the group/network (If already known) Students to be included should be those that benefit directly of the ISP support (fellowships) or indirectly by using consumables and equipment provided through the ISP support.

For each student, provide the following information: 1) Gender (female/male; F/M) 2) Full name 3) Target degree (PhD/MPhil/MSc) 4) Starting year on current degree study 5) Tentative title of thesis / subject 6) Expected year of graduation 7) Whether staff member or not 8) a) Local (L) or Sandwich (S) student; b) Direct or Indirect benefit of ISP support (D/I)?

1 Indicate deputy leader/coordinator, if applicable 12 (30)

Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8b a F/ Name Target Start Thesis/Subject Grad Staf L M degree year year f / D/I (Y/ S N) M Khley, CHEN PhD 2015 2018 Y S D F Sreylakhen, PHAL PhD 2015 2019 Y S D M Tolar, KONG M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I F Sreymech, KOUN M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I F Menglin, KHIN M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Chansy, NOURN M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Chean Siphal, M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I BUN M Borith, PEOU M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Bros, SIENG M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Vannthy, SIENG M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I F Srey Net, SRUN M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Chantrea, LANG M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Chandy, OEU M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Kongmeng, KHOV M.Sc 2014 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Ny, NGIN M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Sambor, CHUON M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I F Sopheap, THONG M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Bora, BY M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Sochivon, YOU M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Chhayvann, Leat M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I F Chansreypao, VAT M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I F Sreythea, SOK M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Nimul, SEAP M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I F Raksmey, Sron M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Siekpor, LENG M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I M Sokhon, UY M.Sc 2015 Analytical Chemistry 2017 N L I Include the final year thesis students about 20 students will be involved for each year 2017, 2018, 2019

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 5. Scientific contacts/cooperation

Indicate which contacts with scientists working in the field of the proposed activities are established or planned (at your own university/institute, nationally, regionally, or internationally). The present and expected benefits of these contacts should be further described in the Research description (Enclosure 1).

a) List already established scientific contacts/collaboration that were engaged in active collaboration with your research group/network in 2014-2016.

For each collaborator, provide the following: a) Gender (female/male; F/M) b) Title c) Full name d) Affiliation e) Country

Gender Title Name Affiliation Country F/M

M Assoc. Prof. Solomon TESFALIDET Umea University, Sweden M Prof. Knut IRGUM Umea University, Sweden Dr. William SILJEBO Umea University, Sweden M Assoc. Prof. Peter SUNDIN Uppsala University Sweden F Prof. Nilufar NAHAR Dhaka University Bangladesh F Dr. Ulla ERIKSSON Stockholm University Sweden M Dr. Michael STRANDELL Stockholm University Sweden F Dr. Kesiny PHOMKEONA National University of Lao PDR Lao M Dr. Lars, LUNDMARK Umea University, Sweden M Dr. Siden, TOP CNR, Ecole Nationale France Supprieure de Chemie de Paris M Prof. Mohamammad, Shob Dhaka University Bangladesh M Prof Samreth, SOTH Inventor At France Laboratories Fournier M Dr. Vanthoeurn, KEO National Institute of Cambodia Education M Dr. Heng, MENG National Institute of Cambodia Education

a) List scientific contacts for collaboration you intend to establish with your research group/network in 2017-2019. For each collaborator, provide the following: 1) Gender (female/male; F/M) 2) Title 3) Full name 4) Affiliation 5) Country

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents Gender Title Name Affiliation Country F/M

M Assoc. Prof. Solomon TESFALIDET Umea University, Sweden M Assoc. Prof. Peter SUNDIN Uppsala University Sweden F Prof. Nilufar NAHAR Dhaka University Bangladesh F Dr. Ulla ERIKSSON Stockholm University Sweden M Dr. Michael STRANDELL Stockholm University Sweden F Dr. Kesiny PHOMKEONA National University of Lao PDR Lao M Dr. Siden, TOP CNR, Ecole Nationale France Supprieure de Chemie de Paris M Prof. Mohamammad, Shob Dhaka University Bangladesh M Prof Samreth, SOTH Inventor At France Laboratories Fournier M Dr. Vanthoeurn, KEO National Institute of Cambodia Education M Dr. Heng, MENG National Institute of Cambodia Education

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 6. Other funding received besides from ISP 2014-2016 and foreseen funding for 2017- 2019

Specify other funding obtained in 2014 - 2016, and other foreseen sources of funding for 2017-2019, from national as well as from other sources. List each source on a separate row, and give the amount for each year on separate rows. Estimate the amount in USD (currency conversion can be done at www.xe.com).

a) Other funding besides from ISP obtained in 2014-2016 Source Grant Totalt period/ Grant, mmyy- USD mmyy N/A

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

b) Other foreseen sources of funding for 2017-2019 Looking to apply for other of supporting fund for 2017-2019 Source Grant Totalt period/ Grant, mmyy- USD mmyy

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 7. Main equipment available

a) List relevant facilities and infrastructure available to the group. For equipment, give type and name of the manufacture of main items and other articles. Start with your most important equipment. Please, note if the equipment is not functioning properly and why.

Equipment type, model, and name of Year acquired Fully functional, yes/no manufacturer If no, indicate why AAS (Varrian Spectra 240) with flam N/A No, ASS out of control, no and graphite furnace system Donated any communication between instrument and PC. No Lamp light on. AAS ( Varian Spectra AA 220 FS) N/A Old age used, sometimes Donated out of order, troublesome FT-IR spectrometer, Spectrum 100, New Purchase Working Perkin more than 5 years Iron Chromatography, 881 New Purchase Working more than 5 years Nitrogen analyzer (???) New purchase Working more than 5 years GENESY 10 UV-Vis spectrophotometer New purchase Working more than 5 years Water distillation system (3) New purchase Working Hydride generation system for AAS 2016 Working Freezer (2) Working Oven temperature range A, RT + 5 to 200C CG FDI N/A Working Donated Fume hood 2 Working Homogenizer Ultraturax (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

b) List below main equipment needed in the near future, with justification. Specify to the degree possible.

1) Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (AA 700 SHIMADZA (Flame/ Furnace Dual) 1 set.

2) Automatic potentiometric titrator (G20S Compact, Mettler-Toledo) with software 1 set.

3) YSI professional Multi parameter 1 set

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 8. Environmental impact

Information is required about measures taken to reduce environmental impacts following the Environmental Impact Assessment for ISP as submitted to Sida in August 2009 (available on request).

a) Indicate which of the following measures your group/network has already implemented to reduce negative environmental impact.

Does your group/organization: Yes No A strategy to reduce negative environmental impact caused by travelling and x transportation? The use e-meeting techniques? x A strategy to reduce the use of electric power? x Considering environment impact criteria in procurement? x Practicing sorting of waste categories for recycling? x A system for scrapping decommissioned equipment? x A management system for chemical and hazardous waste? x Internal discussion of how any negative environmental impact of your x activities can be reduced? Engagement in external activities – in research, dissemination and/or society x outreach – on how negative environmental impacts may be reduced?

b) Comment on the no-answers in the previous question, if any. What are the reasons why some measures have not been implemented? Are there plans to do it in the future? Are there structural obstacles, such as regulations or lack of regulation/technology, etc.? Also comment on the practicing of measures in general to reduce negative environmental impact.

For time being, our research team do not have any the implement on the reducing the negative environmental impact caused by travelling and transportation, yet. This case due to our team has skills on the environmental analytical chemistry and working on the analytical risk assignment. However, one of our proposed projects will be conducted on the monitoring of

CO2 level emission form riverine system surface water, which this result can examine how the CO2 level in the environment. If this research result founds as an issue to our environment, we will provide it to government agency to find the new policy or strategy.

In the further we wish to cooperate for scientists who have working on the implements of negative environmental impact caused by travelling and transportation to learn the experiences/technology to apply in our place. In addition, one of the potential renewable energy in our place is the bio-fuel producing from agricultural products. However, we have not conducted research of this case in university/ national level yet. It may due to the shortage of fun supporting and human resource.

However, recently the government has implemented the public bus services to people in city to reduce the traffic jam/travelling by individuals. We have encouraged and supported the students/our team to use the public transport.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 9. Summary of results for previous agreement period

Provide a summary of the progress so far in the current agreement period (2014-2016), or latest years for new applicants.

1) Give a summary of the major achievements in the period, including results of scientific research activities. Place the achievements and results in relation to the objectives in the original proposal (if applicable). Not only major changes are interesting, but also small changes that may lead to larger changes over time.

Summary

- One staff had completed her PhD degree from The University Brunei Darussalm, Brunei. Also, two staff are continuing their PhD program in abroad in France (completed 1.5 years), and in Sweden (Completed 1 year, remains 3 years). - We successfully provided the 3rd and 4th ANFEC trainings about GC/GC MS in Chemistry Department. - 37 independent basic research topics for final year thesis students were fruitfully conducted. - 11 and 13 students were accepted for bath 4 and 5 master program for entry 2014 and 2015, respectively.

ISP support has increased our capacity for environmental research capacity and we have achieved modest success in the line with expectation. However, those previously research results were based on the final year thesis students, which the results were, generated in short time scales of research, can publish only in the local/university bulletins, and may not good quality enough as the international journal standard requirement. It is far from our plan and objective that we want to present our research result in international conference, and publish in international conference. These cases may be due to as the followings: 1) Shortage of time running the projects, which was not continue flow for long period within 3 years. 2) The active members spent much time on teaching class/lab practical about 30 hours per week. 3) No lab technician’s help/support during the instruments got the problems. 4) Limitation of instruments. 3) Limitation of writing scientific research paper skills for international journal publication.

Things need to be adjusted in order to increase the likelihood to reach the objectives 1) Good condition of instrumentations for running research activities. 2) Team member need to improve more skill on instrumentation use. 3) Need the students for volunteers/ training as research assistants to join the research projects for continuously running propose project. 4) Look for more fund to support the project. 5) Staff needs to train about the scientific research writing skills for publication.

Also include comments and analysis of: ‐ How far your group has come in fulfillment of the stated objectives.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents ‐ Whether the results achieved were in line with expected/planned outcomes. Motivate your answer. ‐ Why, or why not, results have been achieved. Comment on the (limiting or favorable) conditions for reaching the results. ‐ What needs to be adjusted in order to increase the likelihood to reach the objectives.

2) Give a summary of the staff structure, students active and degrees awarding, dissemination, meetings, outreach, and visits to and from your group/network (scientific exchange) for the previous granting period.

Staff PhD or equivalent Other academic Technicians Female Male Female Male Female Male Number of staff 1 2 1 0 0 2016

Students/degrees PhD or equivalent MSc/Mphil/Lic. BSc thesis Sandw Local Sandw Local students F M F M F M F M F M Number of students 2016 1 11 1 Number of degrees 2014- 9 10 13 24 2016

Specification of awarded degrees 2014 - June 2016

Gender, First name, Family name, Degree, Title of thesis (full abstract in Enclosure 6)

2014 M.Sc. 1) M, Saroeun, Chheng (M.Sc). Drug Synthesis: Fenofibrate, the lipids lowering. 2) M, Ranet, Yeang. (M.Sc). Drug Synthesis: Aspirin. 3) M, Sithy, Oun. (M.Sc). Friedel-Crafts Reaction: Scope and Limitation. 4) M, Sopheap, Dul (M.Sc). Determination of caffeine. 5) M, Bona, Tit. (M.Sc). Determination of glutamic acid. 6) F, Sopheap, Samreth (M.Sc). Determination of Vitamin C. 7) F, Sereiratana, Chap (M.Sc.). Measurement technique of the Atmospheric pollutants in cities and their impact on health. 8) F, Sovannarath, Eng (M.Sc.). C1-C6 Oxygenated Compounds ( Such as aldehydes /ketones and alcohols) present in Environment, the technique of sampling and analysis. 9) F, Riya, Un (M.Sc). Study of VOCs emitted by plants, the techniques of sampling and analysis. 10) M, Bora, Khin (M.Sc). Arsenic removal from drinking water using low cost locally available material: Natural laterite (Dey Kroahoam). 11) F, Phallen, Sen (M.Sc). Bacteriologically safe drinking water in rural Cambodia. 12) M, Pong, Monn (M.Sc.). Arsenic Removal from Water. 13) M, Chann, Meas (M.Sc). Depollution by Photocatalysis. 14) M, Tikheayu, Sey (M.Sc). Water treatment using chemical method. 15) M, Seanghai, Hor (M.Sc). Water treatment using biological method.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 16) M, Tiworn, Nguon (M.Sc), Fluorescence for Detecting Heavy Metals 17) F, Tony, Lornn (M.Sc), Methods for Analyzing Mercury 18) F, Bell, Norachanajasmine (M.Sc), Pesticide Residue in Vegetable collected from market in PP 19) F, Sophea, Oeng (M.Sc), Characterization of Cambodian rice spirit.

Undergraduate 1) M, Rom, Seng, (B.Sc), Iron Diffusion in Hot Water and in Soup. 2) M, Karona, Keo, (B.Sc), Isolation and Characterization of Polygalacturonase from Mould growth on decomposed Banana peels. 3) M, Bunthoeun, Nim, (B.Sc), Synthesis of Nano- TiO2, Cu-doped TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 and their Photocatalytic Activity for Methylene Blue degradation. 4) M, Mann, Hor, (B.Sc), Producing Activated cabon from Local Material Avialable of Cambodia. 5) F, Phon Sreypich, Phon, (B.Sc), Absortion of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds in Water by iron in Cambodian soil. 6) M, Sino, Nan, (B.Sc), Charactistic and Detemination of Iron in Cambodian soil. 7) M, Panha, Pen, (B.Sc), Determination of DDT and PCB in sediment in Boeng Kobsruv in Phnom Penh. 8) F, Kunthea, Chhay, (B.Sc), Determination of Heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Cu) in Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Ponnareay, Phnom Penh. 9) F, Tailos, Tel, (B.Sc), Identification and Quantitative analysis of Nitrogen from ammonia- nitrogen(NH3-N) in Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Ponnareay. 10) F, Raksmey, Keo, (B.Sc). Determination of Chemical Oxygend Demand (COD), pH and Turbidity in Boeng Cheung Ek and Kob Srov.

2015 1) F, Lavy, Bav, (B.Sc), Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Rice in Kampong Cham, Takeo, Battambang, Prey Veng, Kampong Chhnang Province in Cambodia. 2) F, Pheavon, HEM, (B.Sc), Determination of iron in red soil collected from thirteen provinces of Cambodia. 3) F, Kimsrea, Houn, (B.Sc), Quantitative determination of Cadmium and Lead in soil collected from five provinces of Cambodia. 4) F, Sotha, Keo, (B.Sc), Verification of Insecticide Active Ingredient from Markets in Phnom Penh. 5) M, Punleu, Leab, (B.Sc), Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Food Additive Benzoic Acid in Sauces (Chili Sauce, Tomato Sauce, Hoisin Sauce and Soy Sauce), Fruit Juices and Jams. 6) F, Sinath, Men, (B.Sc), Pollutant Removal Using Activated Carbon. 7) M, Mony, Mot, (B.Sc), Antimicrobial Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles in Water. 8) M, Dyveana, Nath, (B.Sc), Authentication of coffee varieties (Arabica/ Robusta) in Phnom Penh by determination of Kahweol:16-O-Methylcafestol. 9) F, Sopheap, NGETH, (B.Sc), Synthesis of N-doped TiO2 and Ni-B-Ce-co-doped TiO2, and their Photocatalytic Activities for Methylene Blue Degradation. 10) F, Salin, Ngob, (B.Sc), Determination of Cations and Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography. 11) M, Kemhong, Noem, (B.Sc), Determination of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 12) F, Chhunnay, PHORN, (B.Sc), The Effect of Washing Insecticide Residue From Raw Vegetable. 13) M, Sokha, PROK, (B.Sc), Evaluation of Escherichia coli and Total Coliform from drinking water supply in suburban Phnom Penh. 14) M, Vutha, TOURN, (B.Sc), Removal of Arsenic From Water by Cambodia Soil.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents 2016 PhD 1) F, Sorya, Proum, (PhD), Chemical ecology of the brunei estuarine system with refrence to acidification and metal pollution. M.Sc. 1) M, Channa, Yat (M.Sc), Chiral Persistent Organic Pollutants as Tracers of Transport and Accumulation Processes. B.Sc. 1) F, Kimroeun, Vann, (B.Sc), Determination the spatial variations of PCBs, DDTs in Prahoc from TonleSap lake and the communities along the Mekong River. 2) F, Stheavy, Chhay, (B.Sc), Qualitative and Quantitative of PAHs in ambient air in Phnom Penh. 3) F, Tima, Vann, (B.Sc), Determination of Anions and Cations in Mekong River and Tonlesap Lake using Ion Chromatography. 4) F, Chanleakhena, Un, (B.Sc), Quantitative determination of Fe in fish sauce in Phnom Penh, Kompot, and Preh Sihanouk provinces, Cambodia. 5) F, Vannmei, Ly, (B.Sc), The study of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission from Tonle Sap Lake. 6) F, Chanthary, KHEANG, (B.Sc), The assessment of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp. contamination in fresh vegetables from Phnom Penh Local markets and Ta khmao market. 7) M, Ratha, Ra, (B.Sc), Synthesis of Activated Carbon and its Adsorption of Methylene Blue. 8) F, RATA, LON, (B.Sc), Identification and Quantitative analysis of Formaldehyde in Giant Shrimp, Shrimp and Squid in Phnom Penh City, Kampotand Sihanoukville Province. 9) F, Monyrath, Sith, (B.Sc), Determination of Cyanide Content in Cassava. 10) F, Sopheavattey, MONIROTH, (B.Sc), Determination and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated from pork, beef and fish in Phnom Penh local Markets. 11) F, Sreymab, Nget, (B.Sc), Antimicrobial activities of TiO2, Ni-TiO2 and Cu-TiO2. 12) F, Chim, MATH, (B.Sc), Synthesis of Nanoparticle TiO2, N-doped TiO2 and Ni- doped TiO2 and their Photocatalytic Activities for Methylene Blue Degradation.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents Number of 2014 - 2015 2016 publications/reports

Published 1 accepted, 1 revised and resubmitted. Conference reports 1 international,

Publications in scientific journals 2014 - June 2016 Author(s) (Year) Title. Journal, ISSN-number, Vol., Pages, DOI2 Was ISP support Indicate how large a part of the work was performed at home acknowledged University (<25%, 25-50%, >50%) (Yes/No)

Chhay K., Determination of Heavy Metals (Fe, Zn, Cu) in Boeung Cheng Yes Ek and Boeng Ponnareay Phnom Penh, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Hor M., reviewed by Tieng S., Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Coconut shell and Rice Husk and Their Adsorption Capacity on Methylene Blue, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Keo K., reviewed by Long S. Isolation and Characterization of Yes Polygalacturonase from Mould Growth on Decomposed Banana Peels, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Keo R., Determination of chemical oxygen demand(COD), pH and Yes turbidity from Beoung Chhoung Ek and Beoung Kobsrov, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.1 2014 (100%) Nan S., reviewed by Cheng K., Determination of Iron in soil collected Yes from 8 provinces of Cambodia, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Tel T., Identification and Quantitative analysis of Nitrogen from Yes ammonia‐nitrogen(NH3‐N) in Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Ponnareay, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Seng R., Iron Diffusion in Hot Water and in Soup, Bulletin of Cambodian Yes Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Pen P., reviewed by Heng S., Determination of DDT and PCB in sediment Yes in Boeng Kobsruv in Phnom Penh, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Phon S., Absortion of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds in Water by iron in Yes Cambodian soil, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 No.5 2014 (100%) Nim B., Photocatalysis, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.5 Yes No.5 2014 (100%) Keo S., reviewed by Heng S., Verification of Insecticide Active Ingredient from Yes Markets in Phnom Penh, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.6 No.6, 2015 (100%) Leab P., reviewed by Long S., Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Food Yes Additive Benzoic Acid in Sauces (Chili Sauce, Tomato Sauce, Hoisin Sauce and Soy Sauce), Fruit Juices and Jams, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.6 No.6, 2015 (100%) TOURN V., reviewed by Seng S., Removal of Arsenic From Water by Yes Cambodia Soil, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.6 No.6, 2015

2 Digital Object Identifier (www.doi.org) – to be provided if available 23 (30)

Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents (100%) Nath D., reviewed by So V., Authentication of coffee varieties (Arabica/ Yes Robusta) in Phnom Penh by determination of Kahweol:16-O-Methylcafestol, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.6 No.6, 2015 (100%) Noem K., reviewed by Thong R., Determination of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Yes Zn) in Traditional Chinese Medicines, Bulletin of Cambodian Chemical Society, Vol.6 No.6, 2015 (100%) Sorya Proum, Jose H.Santos, Lee Hoon Lim, & David J. Marshall. (2016). Yes Metal accumulation in the tissues and shells of Indothais gradata snails inhabiting soft and hard substrata in an acidified tropical estuary (Brunei, South East Asia). Journal of Reginal Studies in Marine Science. in Press.

Sorya Proum, Jose H.Santos, Lee Hoon Lim, and David J. Marshall1. Yes (2016). Spatial and temporal variation in carbonate chemistry, pH and salinity in the surface water of a pyrite-acidified, tropical estuarine system. Journal of Continental Research, Submitted Revision. David J. Marshall, Belal Hossain, Sorya Proum, S., Aimimuliani, Adam. Lee No Hoon Lim, Jose H. Santos.(2016). Ecological responses to fluctuating and extreme marine acidification: lessons from a tropical estuary (the Brunei Estuarine System). Scientia Bruneiana. in press. (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

List conferences/workshops/courses/meetings organized by you 2014 - June 2016 Name of event, Venue, Dates No. of participants 2nd ANFEC training/workshop in chromatography (GC/MS), 18 quantification and quality assurance at Chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh, 02-20 Jan 2014 Defence of student's theses and poster presentation at seminar, 120 Chemistry Dep., RUPP. 23 June 2014 Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry 268 and Life”, Royal Academic of Cambodia, 28-29 Aug 2014, 50% ISP funding Faculty of Science organized the 3rd Workshop on Natural Science, 25 Royal University of Phnom Penh, 03 Nov 2014 Cambodian Chemical Society training on “How to conduct the 53 experimental work in Chemistry laboratory and theoretical Methodology” to Secondary and High Schools Chemistry Teachers, Kratie Province, 21-22 Nov, 2014, 3nd ANFEC training/workshop in chromatography (GC/MS), quantification and 18 quality assurance at Chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh, 19 Jan‐06 Feb 2015

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents

ANFEC meeting at Chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh, 02 ANFEC members February 2015 participant

Cambodian Chemical Society training on “How to conduct the experimental 29 work in Chemistry laboratory and theoretical Methodology” to Secondary and High Schools Chemistry Teachers, Pailin Krong Tepnimith High School, Pailin Province, 29‐30 May, 2015, Defence of student's theses and poster presentation at seminar, Chemistry 200 Dep., Royal University of Phnom Penh, 22 June 2015 6th Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and 250 Life”, Royal Academic of Cambodia, 10‐11 September 2015, 75% ISP funding Meeting about the cooperation between Royal University and Umea 5 University, Faculty of Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, 11 December 2015 Workshop about Linnaeus‐Palme student exchange programme, Chemistry 150 dep., Royal University of Phonm Penh, 14 December 2015 (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

List all contributions by your group to conferences/workshops/courses/meetings 2014 - June 2016, including invited lectures at external institutions/organizations.

Presenter, Co-authors, Title of the presentation, Name of event, Form: Invited Venue, Date oral/poster yes/no Chhay K., Determination of Heavy Metals (Fe, Zn, Cu) in Boeung Cheng Oral Yes Ek and Boeng Ponnareay Phnom Penh, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Hor M., Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Coconut shell and Rice Husk Oral Yes and Their Adsorption Capacity on Methylene Blue, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Keo K., Isolation and Characterization of Polygalacturonase from Mould Oral Yes Growth on Decomposed Banana Peels, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Keo R., Determination of chemical oxygen demand(COD), pH and Oral Yes turbidity from Beoung Chhoung Ek and Beoung Kobsrov, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28- 29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Nan S., Determination of Iron in soil collected from 8 provinces of Oral Yes Cambodia, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Tel T., Identification and Quantitative analysis of Nitrogen from Oral Yes ammonia‐nitrogen(NH3‐N) in Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Ponnareay, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Seng R., Iron Diffusion in Hot Water and in Soup, Cambodian Chemical Oral Yes Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Pen P., Determination of DDT and PCB in sediment in Boeng Kobsruv in Oral Yes Phnom Penh, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Phon S., Absortion of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds in Water by iron in Oral Yes Cambodian soil, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with the

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Nim B., Photocatalysis, Cambodian Chemical Society conference with Oral Yes the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 28-29 Aug 2014, Royal Academic of Cambodia Heng S., Research activity in Chemistry department at RUPP, ANFEC Oral Yes steering committee Meeting, 05 Sep 2014, at National University of Lao, Lao PDR. Heng S., Determination of DDT and PCB in sediment in Boeng Kobsruv Oral Yes in Phnom Penh, the 3rd Workshop on Natural Science, 03 Nov 2014, Royal University of Phnom Penh S. Heng, research activities at chemistry department and summary of results, Yes the workshop for development of a regional research network on non‐toxic oral environment for Southeast Asia organized by Swedish Embassy, 20‐23 January 2015, Bangkok Sorya Proum and David J. Marshall, Adapting to Fluctuating Marine oral Yes Acidification: Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Tropical Estuarine and Coastal Gastropods (Rapaninae: Muricidae), International Conference on Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of Marine Ecosystems (BECoME 2015), 1‐4 June 2015, in Hong Kong S. Proum, Metal Accumulation in the Tissues and Shells of the Rapanine Whelk Poster NO Indothaisgradata Along an Acidified Estuarine Gradient, International Conference on Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of Marine Ecosystems (BECoME 2015), 1‐4 June 2015, in Hong Kong D. Nath, Authentication of grounded coffee Arabica and Robusta sold in Oral Yes Phnom Penh using Kahweol ‐16‐0 methyl cafestol, 6th Cambodian Chemical Society symposium with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 10‐11 September 2015, the Royal Academy of Cambodia, Phnom Penh S. Keo, Verification of Insecticide Active Ingredient from Markets in Phnom Oral Penh, 6th Cambodian Chemical Society symposium with the theme “Chemistry and Life”, 10‐11 September 2015, the Royal Academy of Cambodia, Phnom Penh (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents Describe any interaction (meetings, participation in committees, etc.) with government/society/industry/NGOs in the country, in the region or in global conventions, etc. Including unpublished reports to authorities, media exposure and public lectures etc. Were the outreach activities on your initiative or by invitation? Give account for any tangible or expected effects of outreach activities, including possibilities for policy influence. June 2014, Mr. Cheng Khley presented 1 day Demonstration of GC‐MS and GC‐FID. GC‐MS: Analyzing pesticides and GC‐FID: Analyzing toluene in petroleum to 4 members from National Health Product Control of Ministry of Health. This training was requested by Mr. ING HOK, Lecturer in MSc. Chemistry program and improves the reputation of chemistry department, RUPP .

November, 2014 The Cambodian Chemical Society (CCS) cooperated with the Kratie Provincial Department of Education, Youth and Sports organized a training workshop to Secondary and High Schools Chemistry Teachers at the School Resource Center (SRC), located in the Kratie Krong High School. This training workshop was supported by ISP team (CAB:01) in the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP). The Training Workshop aimed to introduce both Theory and Experiments related to the secondary chemistry curriculum to high school teachers in order to encourage them to demonstrate the Chemical experiments in their own laboratories.

29‐30 May 2015, The Cambodian Chemical Society (CCS) cooperated with the Pailin Provincial Department of Education, Youth and Sports organized a training workshop to Secondary and High Schools Chemistry Teachers at the School Resource Center (SRC), located in the Hun Sen Pailin Krong Tepnimith High School. This training workshop was supported by ISP team (CAB:01) in the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP). The Training Workshop aimed to introduce both Theory and Experiments related to the secondary chemistry curriculum to 29 high school teachers in order to encourage them to demonstrate Chemical experiments in their own laboratories.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents

Number of visits by scientist and fellows from your group 2014 - June 2016

To countries in the To Sweden To other countries region <1 >1 month <1 >1 month <1 >1 month month mont mont h h No No of No No of No No of of month of month of mont visit s visi s visit hs s ts s Total 4 4 (month /visit) (Partly) on ISP fully No No fully money

Specify all visitors from your group during 2014 - June 2016.

For each visitor, provide the following: 1) Gender (female/male; F/M) 2) Title 3) Full name 4) Visited institute 5) Host of visit 6) Purpose of visit 7) Time period of visit 8) Source of funding for visit (ISP or other)

1) Heng Saveoun (M) and Long Solida (F), exchange in teaching, Umea University, Sweden, one month (1409‐1410), supported financially by Linneus‐Palme program.

2) Viccheka So (F) and Phal Sereilakhena(F), exchange in teaching, Umea University, Sweden, one month (1509‐1510). This was funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus‐Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP.

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents Number of visits by scientist and fellows to your group during 2014 - June 2016

To countries in the To Sweden To other countries region <1 >1 month <1 >1 month <1 >1 month mon mont mont th h h No No of No No of No No of of month of mont of mont visit s visit hs visit hs s s s Total 10 8 each visit is one month (Partly) on ISP yes yes money

Specify all visitors to your group 2014 - June 2016.

Honour doctor Lasse Lundmark (M) from Umea University,Sweden visited Chemistry Department and taught the master students, in 05-27 July 2014. The visit was funded by Linneus- Palme program, Sweden. Dr. Peter Sundin (M) and Dr. Peter Roth (M) from Uppsala University, Sweden visited Chemistry Department at Royal University of Phnom Penh and ISP team (CAB:01) in 28 Aug 2014. We discussed about the activities and the possibility of CAB:01 to support PhD student. The visit was funded by IPICS. Dr. Siden Top (M) from CNRS, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chemie de Paris, France visited Chemistry department and taught the master students, in 07 Dec- 05 Jan 2015. The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01) Dr. Samreth Soth (M) from Inventor At Laboratoires Fournier S.A , Dijon, France visited Chemistry department and taught the master students, in 26 April - 25 May, 2014. The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01) Dr. Hok Ing (M) from UTAC, Autodrome de Linas-Montlhery, France visited Department of Chemistry and taught the master students, in 15 Mar – 20 April,2014. The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01) Michael Strandell (M) from ACES-Stockholm University, Sweden visited chemistry department and maintained GC/MS, in 01-28 Feb,2014, The visit was partially funded by ISP.

Michael Strandell (M) from ACES-Stockholm University, Sweden visited chemistry department and maintained GC/MS, in 17 Dec, 2014 -17 Jan, 2015, The visit was funded by Stckholm University. Dr. Siden Top (M) from CNRS, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chemie de Paris, France visited Chemistry department and taught the master students, in 13 Dec ‐ 11 Jan, 2015. The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01)

Michael Strandell (M) from ACES‐Stockholm University, Sweden visited chemistry department and conducted 2nd ANFEC training/workshop in chromatography (GC/MS), quantification and quality assurance at Chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh, in 19 January – 06 February 2015, The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01) Ulla Eriksson (F) from ACES‐Stockholm University, Sweden visited chemistry department and conducted 2nd ANFEC training/workshop in chromatography (GC/MS), quantification and quality assurance at Chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh, in 19 January – 06 February 2015, The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01)

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Deadline 2016 – see isp.uu.se/documents

Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona (F), from National University of Lao, Lao PDR, visited chemistry department and lead ANFEC‐meeting, 02 February 2015, The visit was funded by ANFEC

Prof. Nilufar Nahar (F), from Dhaka University, Bangladesh visited chemistry department and participated the ANFEC‐meeting, 02 February 2015, The visit was funded by ANFEC

Dr. Peter Sundin (M), ISP director, from Uppsala University, visited chemistry department and participated the ANFEC‐meeting, 02 February 2015, The visit was funded by IPICS

Dr. Solomon TESFALIDET (M), from Umea University, Sweden, visited Chemistry department and taught a course in advanced analytical chemistry for master students at the chemistry department, 28 February – 3 April 2015, This was funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus‐Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP Dr. William Siljebo (M), from Umea University, Sweden, visited Chemistry department and taught a course in analytical instrumentation for master students at the chemistry department, 28 February – 3 April 2015, This was funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus‐Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP Dr. Samreth Soth (M) from Inventor At Laboratoires Fournier S.A , Dijon, France visited Chemistry department and taught the master students, in 25 April‐ 24 May, 2015. The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01) Dr. Ing Hok (M) from UTAC, Autodrome de Linas‐Montlhery, France, visited Chemistry department and taught the master students, in 06 June – 05 July, 2015. The visit was funded by ISP (CAB:01)

Dr. Solomon TESFALIDET (M), from Umea University, Sweden, visited Chemistry department and taught a course in advanced analytical chemistry for master students at the chemistry department, 21 November – 13 December 2015, This was funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus‐Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP Mr. Ben Miller, (M) from Washington State University, US, began PhD research using facilities at RUPP in September 2015 and will continue until March 2016. He is trying to answer the question “Does methane production and oxidation support a large tropical‐pulse fishery in the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia?” Mr Miller is supported by Washington State University. Prof. Ernst van Groningen, ISP Uppsala University, Sweden, visited the research laboratory in Chemistry Department after the opening ceremony for Applied Nanomaterials Laboratory which was sponsored ISP, 31 Aug. 2015, External funding. (Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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Enclosure 1) a) Overall research question, objective (impact) and relevance of the activity

The overall objectives are focused on building the high quality research capacity in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, and its related fields through research activities (presentation in international conference and publication in pee review international journal), technical training, academic exchanges, and M.Sc program.

To build up the building the high quality research capacity in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, we have proposed two main research projects are included: Project 1: Seasonal variation of metals (Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn) in surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. The project 2: Seasonal variation in carbonate chemistry (TA, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal and Ωara), pH and salinity in the surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. The overall research answers to the question how is the current status of metal pollutions (Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb) and carbonate system {Total alkalinity (TA), pCO2, DIC, calcite (Ωcal) and aragonite (Ωara) saturation} impact on surface water in the tropical Cambodia riverine system and its ecosystem, and what level of the pCO2 product from the riverine system to atmosphere, which may affect to global climate change.

The scientific hypothesis:

Recent studies reveal that the accumulation and distribution of trace metals in soil, water and environment are increasing at an alarming rate, causing deposition and sedimentation in water reservoirs and affecting aquatic organisms, as well (Hobbelen et al., 2004). The list of sites contaminated with trace metals grows every year, presenting a serious problem for human health and a fearful danger to the environment (Marin et al., 2001). It is well known that riverine systems and their carbon fluxes are vitally important to constrain global fluxes. Recent efforts describing riverine carbonate systems are nonetheless geographically skewed; most studies have been undertaken in temperate regions or in particular continents (see Laruelle et al., 2010; Noriega and Araujo, 2014; Maher et al., 2015). Relatively less is known about tropical estuaries, especially in Southeast Asia (Koné and Borges, 2008). Like many other tropical South East Asian riverine systems, a tropical Cambodian riverine system is vulnerable to extreme weather patterns (dry and rainy seasons), which are expected to become more unpredictable as global climate change progresses. The general objectives of the proposed research are to establish the first preliminary dataset integrating the metal pollution and carbonate chemistry of the tropical Cambodian riverine system, and to provide an improved understanding of its impacts on ecological communities and global climate change. Expectation of research contribution: we can produce the national baseline dataset of the metal pollution and carbonate chemistry of the tropical Cambodia riverine system, and it can improve our understanding of its impacts (or it current status) on ecological communities and global climate change. Gender perspective: the female students will be involved to the proposed project b) Specific research questions and objectives A) We have proposed two main research projects to monitor the environmental status of riverine system. The project 1: Seasonal variation of metals (Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn) in surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. Objectives: This study will determine the metal levels in surface water of tropical riverine system. Then study will further explore three test comparisons for metal uptake, relating to effect of seasons (dry and rainy), river types (Mekong River, Tonle Sap lake, Tole Basak and Tonle Chatomouk); and localities (different provinces).

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The project 2: Seasonal variation in carbonate chemistry (TA, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal and Ωara), pH and salinity in the surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. Objectives: 1) To investigate the carbonate chemistry (TA, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal and Ωara) and physicochemical parameters (pH and salinity) in the surface water of tropical riverine system. 2) To compare those parameter levels in: a) Seasonal variation b) River type variation c) Locality variation

B) Beside the above two projects we plan to continue supporting student research activity at Bachelor and Master levels and encourage the staff of chemistry department conduct their own research. For bachelor degree students in chemistry will graduate in year 2017, 2018 and 2019, there will be about 20 students (each year) will involve in the independent research projects to accomplish their final year thesis. Among those 20 students, there will be selected 3-5 students to participate the above the main projects. The rest amount of students will be designing the independent research projects according to supervisors. C) To continue supporting two staff of the chemistry Department to complete their Ph.D. degree in France at and Sweden from 2017 -2018. Also, we will train potential staff of the Department of Chemistry to pursue their Ph.D. degree at abroad or in Sweden in the year 2019. D) To support the potential staff and students of the chemistry department for technical/ instrumental/research training/research fellow or academic exchange program in ISP country networks or abroad. E) Continuosely and improve quality of the M.Sc. in Chemistry Program by opening Batch 6 in early 2017 and subsequent batches every year after. c) Planned output and expected outcomes - The research outcomes will produce the research results as the baseline data set, which will be presented  At the university levels by presenting this result in the annual workshop of Natural Science at Royal University of Phnom Penh.  At society levels by presenting the results in the Chemical Cambodia Society at Royal Academy of Cambodia.  At international conferences  As Publication in international journals - Examinations:  Research results of the proposed project are the significant findings by staff, the M.Sc. students, and the B.Sc. in the Chemistry Department, RUPP. Moreover, success of the proposed Ph. D. students expected to ensure the enrichment of the research capacity of the Department of Chemistry and the sustainability of the M. Sc. in Chemistry Program at RUPP.  The outcomes from the projects will serve as a baseline database for monitoring of metal and CO2 levels in the main rivers of Cambodia.  Build up the capacity of young local researchers to conduct research in analytical environmental chemistry. - Dissemination:  The outcomes will be published in format theses of the undergraduate and graduate students  Research papers will be published in peer-reviewed international journals (SCOPUS/Science Direct/ Scholar index).  Provide literature of metal (Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn) and carbonate chemistry (TA, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal, Ωara, pH and salinity) levels in surface water of the main rivers of Cambodia through international and local publications. - Scientific exchange:  Collaboration between ISP networks/international and local research partners to improve research network and qualities in the future.

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- Interactions with government and society:  The M. Sc. In Chemistry Program is officially recognized by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Royal Government of Cambodia. Most of the M. Sc. students are chemistry high school teachers. Therefore, they can contribute to the development of Cambodian society through Chemistry education and researches.  The final year thesis B. Such students are to become as a chemistry high school teacher; scientific researchers in government agencies, NGOs and private sectors; and laboratory managers, which will results of their contributions to reduce the poverty in Cambodian Society.  The outcomes relevant to development will be used by government agencies to improve policies. d) Background. Following the satisfactory completion of our first year of ISP support we were invited to continue for a first further three years, 2011-2013, and a second further three year 2014-2016. The fund of ISP has significantly contributed increasing of the research capacity of the Chemistry department at Royal University of Phnom Penh. ISP supported research project through the purchase of equipment’s and consumables, sampling, technical training and staff exchange with academics from Bangladesh and Lao PDR and training with experts from Sweden. ISP supported the final year thesis students to participate the 3rd ANFEC training/workshop in Bagadesh. In addition, ISP support to Cambodian Chemical Society for chemistry high school teacher training, research bulletin publications, and research symposiums. The clearest indicator of success was; 1- Undergraduate students in year 2014-2016  17, 7, and 12 undergraduate students did different research projects and wrote theses in academic year 2014, 2015 and 2016; respectively. All of those were supported by CAB:01. They defended their theses successfully and made a poster presentation at seminars attended by staff and students. All of the student's theses were published and are available in Chemistry department and library of Royal University of Phnom Penh.  Year 2016, 2 undergraduate students had graduated from Umea Univeristy, Sweden, which were under partly supported by CAB:01 and Palme-students program. 2- MSc. Students in year 2014-2016  19 M.Sc. Students in Bath 2 had graduated in the year 2014. M. Sc. In Chemistry Program was established with financial and technical support from the ISP. This establishment has contributed to increasing capacity in chemistry, by involvement of 5 local lecturers in teaching and supervision of project reports.  11 M.Sc. Students in Bath 3 will have a final exam and be finished in September, 2016.  1 M.Sc. Student graduated in early 2016 from Umea University, Sweden, which were under partly supported by CAB:01 and Palme-students program. 3- PhD Students in year 2014-2016  1 PhD student will gradated in September/2016 from the University Brunei Darusaalam(UBD), which was under partly supported by CAB:01 and grant S+T 16 (UBD).  2 staff is pursuing the PhD program in France and Sweden, started in 2015. 4- Now Chemistry department has the ability - To run the project by the academic staff, who has gained experience in PhD level in analytical environmental chemistry. - To investigate the monitoring metal and carbonate chemistry level in reverine’s system surface water. - To remediate contaminated water - To determine pesticide residues in crops - To determine trace metal in water, fishes, and vegetables. - To analyse POPs like PCB and DDT in biological samples. 5- Chemistry Department is also able to train and supervise scientific researches on analyses of pesticide residues in vegetable using GC/MS and analyses of arsenic in water using AAS to

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oversea intern students. 6- Need for futher training  Scientific writing paper for international journal publication to our active team/students who involve the projects. 7- The equipments and other facilities need to propose - To determine the metal levels in environmental samples we need to use the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). However, the AAS is available in our department, model VARIAN Spectra 220, which was donated from Umea University since the early start ISP program. It was old-age used and sometimes was out of function. It may affect the accuracy of research results as well as it may out of order during the run projects. - To monitor the carbonate chemistry (TA, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal, Ωara, pH and salinity), we need to use an automatic potentiometric titrator.However, this instrument is not available in our department yet.

ISP support has increased our capacity for environmental research capacity and we have achieved modest success. However, those previously research results were based on the final year students thesis, which the results were generated in short time scales of research, and may not good quality enough as the international journal standard requirement.

Trace metals are among the most common environmental pollutants and their occurrence in waters and biota indicating the presence of natural or anthropogenic sources. The existence of trace metals in aquatic environments has led to serious concerns about their influence on plant and animal life (Sheikh et al., 2007; Zvinowanda et al., 2009). Elements like Pb, Cd, etc. exhibit extreme toxicity even at trace levels (Nicolau et al., 2006). Rivers are a dominant pathway for metals transport (Miller et al., 2003) and trace metals may become significant pollutants of many small riverine systems (Dassenakis et al., 1998).

CO2 levels in the atmosphere are rising at approximately ~2 ppm per year (IPCC, 2013; NOAA, 2015), and increased CO2 hydrolysis in the ocean surface water is causing pH to decline at a rate that will lead to a reduction of 0.3–0.4 units by the turn of the century (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003; Kimmerer and Weaver, 2− 2013). This effect (ocean acidification) lowers saturation states of calcite and aragonite (minerals of CO3 ) in ocean waters, placing calcifying organisms and ecological assemblages at increased risk (Orr et al., 2005; Hendriks et al., 2010; Kimmerer and Weaver, 2013). Contrasting with oceanic systems, CO2 level rivers are mainly saturated or super-saturated respect to atmospheric CO2 equilibrium (~400 µatm; NOAA, 2015); resulting in the net CO2 transfer to the atmosphere {they are sources rather than sinks of atmospheric CO2; pCO2 in river ranges from 1000 to more than 12000 ppm (Cole and Caraco, 2001; Richey et al., 2002; Johnson et al., 2008; Humborg et al. 2010)}. Especially, the tropical rivers typically exhibit higher concentrations of CO2 than temperate river and rivers and wetlands typically having higher concentrations of CO2 than lakes (Acfdenkampe et al., 2011).

Cambodia receives the fresh water mainly from two large river sources: Tonle Sap and Mekong rivers. Tonle Sap (Tonle Sap Lake) is surrounded by five provinces: Kampongchnang, Pursat, Battambang, Siem Reap and Kampong Thom. It provides homes to more than 3 million people and it is one of the world’s largest freshwater fisheries, which is replenished by the Mekong. Nearly half of Cambodia’s people benefit directly or indirectly from this lake’s resources. Tonle Sap and the inland water system in Cambodia support some 500,000 tons of fish each year, and the flooded forests purify water and buffer communities from storms — an increasingly important benefit as climate change makes extreme weather more frequent. Similar, Mekong river is the early and original river which brings water to Tonle Sap and Bassac. It flows passing five provinces such as Kratie, Stung Treng, Kampong Cham, Prey Veng and Kandal, so it can benefit a lot for people living along the river, using it for drinking water, food, irrigation, hydropower, transportation and commerce. Moreover, people living in Phnom Penh and Kandal can make use of water for their daily consumption, crop and farm watering, fishing, and business.

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Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA) pumps water from 3 rivers, including Tonle Sap, Bassac and Mekong for treatment. The total amount of water is 30, 0000 cubic meter and 13, 0000 cubic meters of which are from Mekong River. However, there is a striking lack of information concerning metal and carbonate chemistry in tropical, subtropical, and the tropical riverine system; especially in Southeast Asia, especially Cambodia riverine system. Therefore, this study provides a baseline of metal and carbonate levels, novel data set to the existing carbonate chemistry, in order to monitor the environmental impact along the tropical riverine System, Cambodia.

e) Strategy and Plan  Strategy and Plan for research Continuing our focus on environmental monitoring, our main focus for research in the next few years will be on two aspects of water qualityin the main four riverine systems. The first relates to metal determination (Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn) and the second to investigate the carbonat chemistry in the surfar water. Method The research design will be based on filed samplings (surface water samples from four main rivers), and laboratory analysis (measure the metals level and carbonate system) in different two times scale in dry and rainy seasons. Study area: 4 stations: Mekong River, Tonle Sap lake, Tole Basak and Tonle Chatomouk. Sampling: Surface water samples will be collected in two seasons: dry and rainy seasons. Each season, samples will be collected in 2 occasions, and from each station will sample in 3-5 random replicate cites (it dues to the length of the river), and each replicate cites will collect 3 replicates for analysis. Quality assurance and quality control Will use the water certified reference material to access the accuracy of analysis of metals and carbonate system. Statistical analysis: - To study the seasonal effect (dry and rainy) on the metal and carbonate levels, data will be performed by T-test independent test. - To compare the differences of the metal and carbonate levels among the stations, data will be a analysed using one way ANOVA test (multiple dependent variables, one factor). - All statistical analysis and grapes will be generated by Statistica version 10 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) and SigmaPlot version 11, (Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA) respectively.

Project 1: Seasonal variation of metals (Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn) in surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. Sampling procedure: The samples will be collected about 0.5 m below the water surface in 500-mL acid cleaned polyethylene bottles with airtight caps, store in ice boxes and transport to the laboratory. The samples will be filtered with filter 0.45 µm and 2 mL of ultrapure nitric acid was added in each polypropylene bottle to achieve the pH of ~1 (Cenci and Martin, 2004). Sample bottles will be kept in a refrigerator at 4 °C for further analysis. Analysis: Measurement the metal levels (Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb) will be used the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and refine it with ICP-MS.

The project 2: Seasonal variation in carbonate chemistry (TA, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal and Ωara), pH and salinity in the surface water of tropical riverine system, Cambodia. Sampling procedure: The samples will be collected about 0.5 m below the water surface in 500-mL white polyethylene bottles with airtight caps. The samples will be poisoned with mercuric chloride (0.1–0.2 ml; Hg2Cl2 50%) to avoid biological alteration (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008). The head space will be eliminated in the bottles to prevent degassing of the water (Gattuso et al., 2010). Sample bottles will be stored in an icebox, transferred to the laboratory and kept in a refrigerator at 4 °C for further analysis. Analysis

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Measurement of carbonate chemistry: To determine the carbonate parameters, pCO2, DIC, Ωcal and Ωara, it needs to measure TA, pH and salinity in water samples. -Measurement of physicochemical parameters (pH, salinity, and temperature) will be tested at each sampling occasion at the field by using YSI instruments. - TA determination will be titrated with HCl (0.1 N), using an automatic potentiometric titrator (G20S Compact, Mettler-Toledo). Then carbonate system parameters were calculated from measured values of pH, temperature, salinity and TA, using the CO2SYS program [with selected CO2 constants of Millero, 2010, KHSO4 (Dickson), and pH NBS scale] written by Lewis and Wallace, 1998.

Time frame for the proposed project 2017-2019

No Date Project 1 Project 2 1 Feb –April /2017 - Select two final year students to -Select two final year students to join the project activities. join the project activities. - Ordering the chemicals/instruments. - Ordering the - Method development and Method chemicals/instruments. validation for metal analysis. - Method development and Method validation for carbonate system analysis. 2 May /2017 * First sampling (dry season) * First sampling in Dry season - Sample preparation - Sample preparation - Sample analysis with AAS - Sample analysis to determine the - Select two year 3 students to TA values. volunteer for the projects - Select two year 3 students to volunteer for the projects. 3 June/2017 - Data calculation, analysis and - Data calculation for pCO2, interpretation. DIC, Ωcal, and Ωara. - Writing up the thesis - Data analysis and interpretation - Thesis defending - Writing up the thesis - Thesis defending.

4 July-Sep/2017 - Compile all the data from final year students. - Start writing up the manuscript for the first result data - Present the results in Symposium of Chemical Cambodia Society, at Royal Academy. * Second sampling (rainy season) 5 Oct – Dec/2017 - Sample analysis - Data calculation, analysis and interpretation. - Writing the second phase results

6 Jan- March/2018 - Finish the first draft of manuscript of both projects. - Send the abstract out for international conference. * Third sampling (dry season) and analysis, and data analysis.

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7 April – June/2018 - Recruit the 4 volunteer students to final year student’s thesis, which 2 students for each project. * Fourth sampling (rainy season) - Run analysis, data calculation, analysis and interpretation. - Write up the thesis, defend the thesis - Recruit 4-5 students to participate in the project. 8 July-Sep/2018 - Finish the second draft of manuscript of both projects. - Present in the International Conference. - Submit the first paper of both projects to peer review of international. - Present the results in Symposium of Chemical Cambodia Society, at Royal Academy of Cambodia. * Fifth sampling (rainy season) 9 Oct –Dec/2018 - Sample analysis of fifth sampling - Data calculation, analysis and interpretation. - Revise and resubmit the first manuscript of the both projects. * Sixth sampling (dry season). 10 Jan-Mar/2019 - Sample analysis for sixth sampling - Data calculation, analysis and interpretation - The first manuscript of the both projects will be accepted and available on line. -Recruit the 4 volunteer students to final year student’s thesis, which 2 students for each project. - Start to write and send the second abstract for both projects for second presentation in international conference. * Seventh sampling (dry season) 11 Apr –June/2019 - Sample analysis for seventh sampling - Data calculation, analysis and interpretation - Write up the thesis, defend the thesis - Recruit 4-5 students to participate in the project. * Eighth sampling (rainy season) 12 July-Sept/2019 - Sample analysis for eighth sampling - Data calculation, analysis and interpretation - Write up the second manuscript for the both projects - Presentation the second paper of both projects in international conference. 13 Oct-Dec/2019 - Submit the second manuscript of the both projects to peer reviews in international journals. - Revise and resubmit the second manuscript of the both projects to peer reviews in international journals. - Project ending.

In every year around 3-5 undergraduate students will be selected and allowed to get invloved in the designated research projects in each of the funded years. In particular, female students will be encouraged to write theses for their bachelor degrees. Students will be trained on how to collect, process and analyse samples in each project. Then, they will be trained how to analyse their data and present their research outcomes.  Strategy and Plan for Master program To reach the overall goals, our strategy is as follows: - To ensure the self-sustainability of the program in the future, not only opening of new batch is planned, but self-improvement in terms of quality as well as marketing strategy to attract more outstanding students 7

to enroll in the program are also considered. - The M. Sc. in Chemistry Program is committed to become a research-oriented program in the future that will help the university to become internationally recognized. - For the M. Sc. in Chemistry Program of the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, to become recognized regionally and internationally, collaboration with academic institutions and industrial firms in the region and around the world are important aside from self- strengthening academically and scientifically. Therefore, our plan is to co-operate those regional/ international universities for sandwich/exchange program then the students, can get both certificate’s universities (RUPP and cooperated university) - Since the M. Sc. in Chemistry Program at Royal University of Phnom Penh is still young, exchange visits among Cambodian Chemists and the worlds will help in the processes to achieve such long term goal. Thus, our strategy is to strengthen the relationship with Vietnamese, Thailand, Laos, Swedish, French and Korean universities via academic exchanges and visits of scientists from and to those universities through existing academic contacts. - Having more researchers and PhD. holders in Chemistry are a strategy toward success of the M. Sc. Chemistry Program at Royal University of Phnom Penh. The Department of Chemistry, RUPP will announce Batch 6, and 7 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Local qualified instructors will be employed more in the teaching and research supervision in the M. Sc. Program than hitherto. h) Collaboration with other scientists

Our team will seek for improvement of local and international collaboration with other researchers and scientists to investigate on the current environmental issues in Cambodia and the regions. Joint research proposals will be developed with the agreement of other collaborators. In addition, the research outcomes have been published in the proceedings of international confereneces and well-respected journal. i) Postgraduate students

Two of the research team members are under the partly supported ISP CAB:1 are continuing their study in France and Sweden and will complete their degree at the end of 2018. In 2019, one of the research team members or other staff of Chemistry department will be admitted to sandwich PhD programme. Doctoral candidate will spend one and a half years in Cambodia and another one and a half years in overseas (maybe in Sweden or other country). Another team member or other staff of Chemistry department will take postdoctoral research in sandwich programme. She/he will spend 6 months in Cambodia and 6 months in Sweden.

References Aufdenkampe, A.K., Mayorga, E., Raymond, P, A., Melack, J. M., et al., 2011. Riverine coupling of biogeochemical cycles between land, oceans, and atmosphere. Ecol. Environ. 9(1), 53-60. Caldeira, K., and Wickett. M.E., 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nat. Brief Comun. 425, 356. Cole, J. J and Caraco, N. F., 2001. Carbon in catchments: connecting terrestrial carbon losses with aquatic metabolism. Mar. Freshwater Res. 52, 101–10. Dassenakis, M.; Scoullos, M.; Foufa, E.; Krasakopoulou, E.; Pavlidou, A.; Kloukiniotou, M., (1998). Effects of multiple source pollution on a small Mediterranean River. Appl. Geochem., 13 (2), 197- 211. Johnson, M. S., Lehmann, J., Riha, S. J., et al., 2008. CO2 efflux from Amazonian headwater streams represents a significant fate for deep soil respiration. Geophys Res Lett 35: L17401, doi:10.1029/ 2008gl034619. Hendriks, I.E., Duarte, C.M., and Alvarez, M., 2010: Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 86, 157-164. Hobbelen, P. H. F.; Koolhaas, J. E.; van Gestel, C. A. M., 2004.Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution

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for detritivores in floodplain soils in the Biesbosch, the Netherlands, taking bioavailability into account. Environ. Pollut., 129 (3), 409 –419. Humborg, C., Mörth, C-M., Sundbom, M., et al., 2010. CO2 supersaturation along the aquatic conduit in Swedish watersheds as constrained by terrestrial respiration, aquatic respiration and weathering. Global Change Biol 16: 1966–78. IPCC, 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Kimmerer, W., and Weaver, M.J. (Eds.), 2013.Vulnerability of estuaries to climate change. San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA. Climate Vulnerability. Elsevier Inc. 4, 271–292. Koné, Y.J.M., and Borges, A.V., 2008. Dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics in the waters surrounding forested mangroves of the Ca Mau Province (Vietnam). Estuar. Cost. Shelf Sci. 77, 409–421. Laruelle, G.G., Du¨rr, H.H., Slomp, C.P., and Borges, A.V., 2010. Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO2 in the global coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L15607. Maher, D.T, Cowley, K., Santos, I.R., Macklin, P., and Eyre, B.D., 2015. Methane and carbon dioxide dynamic in a subtropical estuary over a diel cycle Insights from automated in situ radioactive and stable isotope measurements. Mar. Chem. 168, 69–79.

Marin, A.; Lopez-Gonzalvez, A.; Barbas, C., 2001. Development and validation of extraction methods for determination of zinc and arsenic speciation in soils using focused ultrasound: Application to heavy metal study in mud and soils. Anal. Chim. Acta., 442 (2), 305-318. Miller, C. V.; Foster, G. D.; Majedi, B. F., 2003. Baseflow and stormflow metal fluxes from two small agricultural catchments in the coastal plain of Chesapeake Bay Basin, United States. Appl. Geochem., 18 (4), 483-501. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2015. Trends in atmospheric CO2 – recent Mauna Loa CO2 . http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/, accessed 16 June 2015. Nicolau, R.; Galera-Cunha, A.; Lucas, Y., 2006. Transfer of nutrients and labile metals from the continent to the sea by a small Mediterranean river. Chemosphere, 63 (3), 469-476. Noriega, C., and Araujo, M., 2014. Carbon dioxide emissions from estuaries of northern and northeastern Brazil. Nat. Sci. Rep. 4, 6164. Orr, J.C., Fabry, V.J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S.C., Feely, R.A.,Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Key, R.M., Lindsay, K., Maier-Reimer, E., Matear, Monfray, R.P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R.G., Plattner, G-K., B. Rodgers, K., Sabine, C. L., Sarmiento, J.L., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R.D., Totterdell, I.J., Weirig, M-F., Yamanaka, Y., and Yool, A., 2005. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty –first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nat. 437, 681–686. doi:10.1038/nature04095. Richey, J. E, Melack, J. M., Aufdenkampe, A. K, et al., 2002. Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO2. Nature 416: 617–20. Sheikh, M. A.; Noah, N. M.; Tsuha, K.; Oomori, T., 2007. Occurrence of tributyltin compounds and characteristics of heavy metals. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (1), 49-60. Zvinowanda, C. M.; Okonkwo, J. O.; Shabalala, P. N.; Agyei, N. M., 2009. A novel adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in aqueous environments. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (3),425-434.

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Enclosure 2 Logical Framework Matrix

In the matrix you insert the long-term overall objective of you research activity as well as your specific objectives, as stated in Enclosure 1. You also fill out outputs and outcomes for each specific objective with indicators measuring the progress and performance, as well as assumptions, sources of data and the strategy to collect it. The template is partly pre-filled at the Outcome and Performance indicator level, to provide you with an example. This can be changed or substituted as you see fit.

Overall objective (Impact): To increase the contribution of research and higher education in basic sciences to sectors important for local and global development by [Title of Research Group/Network Activity]

Types of Outputs Outcomes Performance Data Source Data Collection Assumptions Strategy Indicator of Outcome

Specific Objective 1: To build up the high quality research capacity in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

1) Run two research Monitoring research National Baseline data Laboratory -Field sampling 8 times in four main rivers. - Instrumentations projects results of metals and carbonate experiments -Run analysis  AAS old age used, not chemistry in surface water for the monitoring data for over 2.5 years in working properly. surface water of rivers.  Automatic - 2-3 staff will involve the projects to lead the potentiometric titrator projects and manuscript writings. nedd to purchease. - Every semester 3-5 students will participate the  Staff spend much projects for sampling, lab analysis, and data times on teaching reporting. (about 30h/week)  No lab technician to support during instruments have problems - Time constraints with chemicals and instruments may arrive late. - no incentive to the staff who joins the research activities. 2) Final year B.Sc. Graduate about 20 research theses Laboratory - In every year from 2017-2019, among 20 - Time constraints with research thesis defended students experiments research theses students, 3-4 students will be chemicals and instruments students (in each year 2017-2019) selected from the above proposed projects, the rest may arrive late. number of students will select their own research - Limitation of fun topics according to their supervisors through supporting. CAB:1 grant. - They will defend their theses and do poster presentations. 3) Master program M.Sc graduate about 15 report theses Journals/ - All Master students need to write the research - Time constraints with defended students research paper/ reports for their thesis defend, which are about 2-3 delay of report pass up. (in each year 2017-2019) online topics relate to the above proposed projects, and accessible the rest number of students will chose the topics according to their supervisors. 4) PhD program PhD graduate Two staff finish PhD Full time - According to program they will finish at the end - Time constraints may program of 2018, one in France and another one in Sweden delay of their studies.

5) Academic Collaboration with 1-3 academic staff/1-4 final 4th ANFEC - Participate in three weeks of January, 2017 in - Limitation of fun staff/final year scientists regionally and year students (5 participants) training Lao. supporting. students in the North from Cambodia, 3weeks in exchanges in Lao Lao 6) ANFEC training Collaboration with - 1-3 experts from Sweden 5th ANFEC - ANFEC training in Cambodia three weeks of - Limitation of fun in Cambodia scientists regionally and - 1-4 regional scientists training January, 2018. supporting. in the North - 20 local participants (students/Government - about 25 participants. agency/ NGO/private sector) 7 ANFEC training Collaboration with 1-3 academic staff/1-4 final 6th ANFEC - Participate in three weeks of January, 2019 in - Limitation of fun in Bangladesh scientists regionally and year students (5 participants) training Bangladesh supporting. in the North from Cambodia, 3weeks in Bangladesh 8) International Use of research results 2 presents in international/ Baseline data - 2 members of team and 2 students will do oral - Limitation of fun conferences of the first/second year regional/ conference for each of lab analysis presentation for each project (in total 4 members supporting, research monitoring project. and 4 students) results, time constraints to Total we will have four - First presentation around July/ 2018. write up the reports. presentations. - Second presentation around July/2019. - team members will response for abstract sending and process of oral presentations.

9) Manuscript Use of research results - Two publications in Baseline data - 2 members will response on submit manuscripts - Limitation of fun publications of the first/second year international journal/each of lab analysis to journals. supporting, research monitoring project. (total we will have - First paper should be available on line (for each results, time constraints to four publications) project): Oct/2018-March/2019. write up the reports. - Second paper should be available on line (for - Capacity of scientific each project): Dec/2019. manuscript writing up. 9) University Use of research results - Two presentations at the Baseline data - First presentation in 2018 workshop/seminar of the first/second year annual Natural Science of lab analysis monitoring workshop at university for - Second presentation in 2019 each projects 10) All financial Funding is well managed, Fulfilment of budget, Yearly - Receipts/invoice/any payment documents/ need transactions are used and reported, transparency and correctness financial report to be keep in order/ accountable. correctly recorded. scientifically and of local account, economically completeness of scientific reporting Specific Objective 2: To attract sufficient financial support, other than from ISP, to ensure long-term stability. Searching for Funding from others Amount of funding received funder/supporter sources than ISP from specified sources, and duration of funding

Enclosure 5

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Proum Sorya

Home Address : No 306A, Group 7, Por Prokk Khang Churng, Sangkat Kakab, Khan Dorng Kau, Phnom Penh. Tel: +855 825397, Email Address:[email protected]. Working Address: Chemistry Department, Room 513. Royal University of Phnom Penh, Blvd. Russian Confederation, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Tel: 855-12825397, Email: [email protected]...... Personal Data: Nationality : Cambodia Date of Birth : March 10, 1975 Sex : Female Place of Birth : Svay Rieng, Cambodia Marital Status : Single Education: 2012-July/2016 PhD in Chemistry, University Brunei Darussalam, Brunei. Thesis title: Chemical ecology of the Brunei estuarine system with reference to acidification and metal pollution, including three subprojeects:

2002-2005 Master of Science in Food Toxicology, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia. Program based on research: Thesis title: The prevalence of metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb) in some vegetables/seaweed in relation to soil, irrigation water/ seawater of Sabah, Malaysia (Quantitative Research).

1997-1998 High School Teacher Diploma, Faculty of Pedagogy, Phnom Penh. 1993-1997 Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, Royal University of Phnom Penh. Training Courses: 30/April -16/May/2010 Training on advance technique for research on orgaanic pollutants in food and Environment. University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Supported by International Science Program (ISP), Sweden. 03/July/08 – Sep/09 General English (Level 12), at Australian Centre for Education (ACE). 30/Nov -2/Dec/05 Professional Training Program on thhe Development of UEM Project Proposal, at Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailannd Dec/01-June/02 TOEFL Preparation course, at Royal University of Phnom Penh. July-Aug/00 Research Writing Course, Royal University of Phnom Penh.

Languages: English Good comprehension, writing and speaking. French Fair writing and comprehension. Work Experience:

Feb/2012 – Dec/2014 Research Assistant for research project entitle “Chemical Ecology of the Brunei Estuarine System: consequences of Eutrophication, acidification and pollution” under research grant (UBD/S + T/ 16) led by Associate Professor Dr. David John Marshall.

Oct/ 98-Present Lecturer of Chemistry Department, RUPP. (On Study leave from Feb/2012 – Spt/2015) Lecturing and laboratory practicing in Instrumental Analysis (Year 3) and Analytical Chemistry (Year 2). Advise the final year students for research thesis on the project titles: 1) Determination of Fe, Mg & Mn in water and spinach from Tompon Lake and local Market, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. 2) Wastewater Treatment from noodle industry and wastewater in Phnom Penh by using Bio Bac B and Bio Bac W. 3) Determination of heavy metals (Cr, Cu & Zn) in water and spinach, water mimosa, and related water from Chheung Ek lake, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Oct/2009 –2012 Lecturer of Chemistry in the Private Universities: Khermarak University (KU), Angkor Khemara University (AKU), Western International University (WIU). Lecturing in Physical Chemistry I & II, Instrumental Analysis.

Mach/08 - 31/Jan/09 Nutrition Managers. Friesland Foods Foremost (Milk Powder). August/07 – Feb/08 Lab Manager. Resource Development International Cambodia (RDI). Jan/06- Aug/07 Project Manager on the project " Purify water to get Quality Water using Ceramic Filter & Bio-Sand Filter". (Quantitative and Qualitative Research), Cooperation between University of North Carolina (UNC) and RDI. Oct/02-May/05 Researcher on the project title "The prevalence of metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb) in some vegetables/seaweed in relation to soil, irrigation water/ seawater of Sabah (Quantitative Research). UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia”. Jun-Oct/04 Demonstrator of Food Physical Laboratory, Year 2. UMS. Nov/02-Mar/03 Demonstrator of Food Sensory Laboratory, Year 2. UMS. Teaching Assistant of SPSS program, Year 2. UMS.

May/01-Oct/02 Advisor at the Career Advising Office/Academic Advising Center, RUPP. Assistant in preparing Basic Laboratory lessons by Computer. June-July/98 Assistant for the Workshop on Laboratory Techniques for high school teachers supported by UNESCO. Publications: 1) Metal accumulation in the tissues and shells of Indothais gradata snails inhabiting soft and hard substrata in an acidified tropical estuary (Brunei, South East Asia). Sorya Prouma,b*, Jose H.Santosc, Lee Hoon Limc, & David J. Marshalla. Regional Studies in Marine Science, in press.

2) Spatiotemporal fluctuations in carbonate chemistry, pH and salinity in the surface waters of a pyrite-acidified, tropical estuarine system. Sorya Proum a,b*, Jose H. Santosc, Lee Hoon Limc, David J. Marshalla. Journal Continental Shelf Research, in revising.

3) Divergent physiological and behavioral capacities of gastropods for exposure to severe and rapidly fluctuating coastal acidity. Sorya Proum1, 2, Christopher D. Harley3, Michael Steele1, David J. Marshall1. The Journal of Experimental Biology, in review. 4) Ecological responses to fluctuating and extreme marine acidification: lessons from a tropical estuary (the Brunei Estuarine System). David J. Marshall1*, Sorya Proum2,3, M. Belal Hossain1, Aimimuliani Adam1, Lee Hoon Lim2 & Jose H. Santos2. Scientia Bruneiana, in press.

4) University of North Carolina (UNC-USA), Household water filter treatment and health research in Cambodia, 2005 -2007. Mark Sobsey, Joe Brown and Kaida Liang (UNC), Proum Sorya and UNC –Cambodia study team, Mickey Sompson, Research Development International Cambodia (RDI-C). September, 2007.

5) The prevalence of metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb) in some vegetables/seaweed in Sabah, Malaysia. Poster Presentation. National Food Technology Seminar, 2004. Technological Improvements for the Agro- base Food Industry. 21 – 22 September 2004, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

6) The prevalence of metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb) in some vegetables/seaweed in relation to soil, irrigation water/ seawater of Sabah, Malaysia (Quantitative Research). University Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Master Thesis, 2005.

International conference presentations: 1) Sorya Proum, Jose H.Santos, Lim Lee Hoon, Kenneth M.Y. Leung and David J. Marshall. Metal Accumulation in the Tissues and Shells of the Rapanine Whelk Indothais gradata Along an Acidified Estuarine Gradient. Abstract was accepted for poster presentation in International Conference on Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of Marine Ecosystems (BECoME 2015) in Hong Kong on 1-4 June 2015.

2) Sorya Proum and David J. Marshall. Adapting to Fluctuating Marine Acidification: Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Tropical Estuarine and Coastal Gastropods (Rapaninae: Muricidae). Abstract was accepted for oral presentation in International Conference on Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of Marine Ecosystems (BECoME 2015) in Hong Kong on 1-4 June 2015.

Area of Research Interests Climate change, acidification, metal pollution and its impacts on food/organisms/surface water system and environment.

Interests: Reading, Listening, Communication and Traveling.

References

1) Dr. David J. Marshall University Brunei Darussalam (UBD), Faculty of Science. FOS.B2.14, Tell: +673-2463001, Ext : 1379, Email: [email protected]. Website http://davidmarshall.webs.com/ ; http://sgbruneiestuary.blogspot.com/

2) Dr. Shabbir. A. Tariq Previously of La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (1970-1997) & University Malaysia Sabah, KK, Malaysia (1997-2005). Present address: 24 Macleod Parade. Macleod, Victoria, Australia 3085. Telephone: + 61-3-94575512, Email: [email protected] 3) Dr. Tang You Director of International Relations, Royal University of Phnom Penh Room 109, Building A. Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia. Tel: (+855) 12 770 228, Email: [email protected],

Enclosure 6 List of publication

Year 2016

PhD program in Brunei 1) Ms. Sorya proum, Thesis title: Chemical ecology of the Brunei estuarine system with reference to acidification and metal pollution. Acidification of the Brunei Estuary System (BES) is complex and influenced by multiple interacting factors, including acid sulphate (AS) inflows from groundwater and mudflats, biological metabolism of benthic and pelagic communities (especially associated with mangroves), and anthropogenic activity deriving from urbanization. The ecology of this estuarine system is thus intrinsically affected by acidification. Study aimed at understanding and monitoring the causes of the acidification, the extent and fluctuations of pH and salinity across space and time, and biological responses to acidification and pollution are important to understand how the system is likely to respond to future global and environmental change. A focused approach was followed in this thesis work to gain depth of understanding into three related but divergent aspects of acidification and pollution of the BES. Specific objectives were (1) to study the spatial and temporal variation in carbonate parameters, salinity and pH in surface water and to assess the effects of flooding on these parameters, (2) to study how populations and species are likely to respond to changes in salinity and pH, by investigating physiological and behavioural responses of key gastropod whelk species associated with the BES and nearby coastal zone, and (3) to study metal burden through an assessment of accumulation of metals in gastropods at sites along BES gradient. Findings revealed that there was the clear pattern of increasing pH along the seaward increasing salinity gradient and that pH and salinity regimes were seasonally variable and especially impacted and lowered by the northeast monsoon. Tidal pulses were clearly observed as minor small scale temporal fluctuations in salinity and pH at any locality along the BES. The results also showed that the entire system is likely to act as a net source of atmospheric CO2 most of the time.

Two tropical intertidal gastropod whelk species, Indothais gradata and Reishia biturbercularis, differed fundamentally in their physiological and behavioural responses to acidity and salinity regimes, while responses of spatially separated populations of Indothais snails also differed. Findings were generally consistent with expectations inferred from natural exposures to pH and salinity. For example, snails that naturally experienced reduced pH were found to maintain high levels of cardiac performance at lower pH conditions. Indothais populations that experience more rapidly and extreme fluctuations in pH and salinity showed quicker recovery of cardiac function when held at constant reduced pH, and were slower in attempting to escape from reduced pH and salinity conditions in the laboratory. Furthermore, differences were observed when snails were exposed to acute mineral acidification compared to when exposed to CO2-induced acidification. The study as a whole reveals the complexity of between and within species responses to marine acidification in gastropods.

Metal accumulation in gastropods was compared for habitat (rock versus sediment) and body parts (shell versus tissues) for eight metal types and several localities along the BES. The soft tissues of Indothais gradata accumulated markedly higher levels of essential metals Cu, Fe, and Zn, whereas shells were found to have higher concentrations of the nonessential metal Pb. Remarkably, habitat was found to have little effect on metal uptake and accumulation. Metal accumulation in the shell best matched the prediction based on the expected point source of pollution, and can potentially be used as a biomonitoring instrument, in a similar way as a “passive” sampler. The most heavily pollution impacted locality along the BES was Bandar, at the confluence of Sungai Kedayang (feeding from the most urbanized area in Brunei).

2) Sorya Proum, Jose H.Santos, Lee Hoon Lim, & David J. Marshall. (2016). Metal accumulation in the tissues and shells of Indothais gradata snails inhabiting soft and hard substrata in an acidified tropical estuary (Brunei, South East Asia). Journal of Reginal Studies in Marine Science. in Press. Estuaries exhibit highly complex and spatially variable carbonate chemistry deriving from multiple biogeochemical processes. In addition to CO2 acidification, estuaries may be acidified by non- carbonate sources stemming from freshwater and land interactions. The present study investigated the carbonate chemistry of a eutrophic, highly turbid, tropical mangrove estuary acidified through biologically-elevated pCO2 and discharge from adjacent pyritic formations (also referred to as acid sulphate soils, ASS). We studied variability in the surface water pH, salinity, temperature, TA (total alkalinity), pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and calcite (Ωcal) and aragonite (Ωara) saturation of the Brunei Estuarine System (BES), Borneo, Southeast Asia. Two datasets were used: (i) hydrological field recordings of pH and salinity, logged half-hourly at three stations in the upper, middle and lower estuary, and (ii) carbonate parameter data, based on pH, salinity and TA, determined from discrete samples at six stations. Both pH and salinity increased rapidly seawards, due to tidal forcing and freshwater dilution at opposite ends of the estuary (6.8-7.9 and 4.2 - 28.2, respectively). The amplitude for salinity and pH within a tidal timeframe increased towards the upper estuary and became expanded during spring tides. While heavy daily downpours had little effect on the overall estuarine salinity and pH, rainfall had a cumulative effect, such that the salinity and pH baselines were markedly lowered during monsoon seasons – a response again more pronounced in the upper estuary. Extraordinary pCO2 super-saturation (13031 ± 4412 µatm) and Ωcal and Ωara undersaturation (0.006-1.431 and 0.004-0.928, respectively) were found to occur in the mid and upper estuary, such that the entire system is likely to act as a net source of atmospheric CO2 most of the time. We proposed that pH depression relative to salinity and enhancement of pCO2 are driven by the combination of heterotrophic respiratory acidification and, through a shift in the carbonate system equilibrium, by metal-sulphide acidification via the groundwater system (H2SO4 generation through pyrite oxidation). The relative contribution of each factor, however, remains to be determined. The description of the carbonate chemistry of a strongly ASS-influenced tropical estuary adds to understanding of carbonate fluxes and acidification of estuaries worldwide.

Master program in Sweden Mr. Channa Yath, thesis title: Chiral Persistent Organic Pollutants as Tracers of Transport and Accumulation Processes. Fiber bank region in the northern Baltic Sea were contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) formerly released from the forest products industries. Today POPs in fiber bank sediments are contaminating benthic biota and reach food web. Sediment-biota accumulation experiments were done using contaminated sediments from estuaries in fiber banks region and two invertebrates, Macoma balthica and Marenzelleria spp.. Partitioning among sediment, pore water and biota was measured for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 41 congeners) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). The accumulation of PCBs and HCB by biota related to quality of sediment, meaning that they were less bioavailable from sediment with stronger sorption. Marenzelleria spp. was more contaminant than Macoma balthica due to behavior and feeding strategies. Enatiomerspecific analysis of seven chiral PCBs (PCB-91, 95, 132, 136, 149 174 and 176) was conducted to investigate metabolism and partitioning. Some chiral PCBs showed evidence of enantioselective degradation. Most sediment analysis were not conclusive due to chromatographic interferences, but there was generally good agreement between the enantiomer fraction (EF = enantiomer 1/enantiomer 2) in pore water and Macoma balthica for PCBs-132, 136 and 149. In particular, PCB-132, 149 and 174 were clearly enantioselective biodegredation in Macoma balthica. Enantioselective biodegradation was only observed for PCB-149 in Marenzelleria spp. from Kramfors. Other chiral PCBs were below detection in Marenzelleria spp. form Kramfors and the other locations.

Bachelor degree at RUPP (Thesis) 1) Ms, Kimroeun, Vann, Determination the spatial variations of PCBs, DDTs in Prahoc from TonleSap lake and the communities along the Mekong River. The concentration of PCBs and DDTs were determined in samples of fermented fish paste (prahoc) collected from floating villages on Tonle Sap Lake and communities along the Mekong River in provinces, such as Seam Reap, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Thom, Ratanakiri, Kampong Cham, Stung Treng, and Pousat. These persistent organic pollutants(POPs) are well known for their ability to increase risks for adverse health effects due to their physical and chemical properties. Five gram samples of prahoc were extracted and cleaned-up with solvents after adding a surrogate standard to the sample. The resulting extract was further treated with Sulphuric acid to remove the lipid. The final extract was analysed for PCBs and DDTs on a gas chromatography/mass selective detector with electron ionization(GC/MS). According to the results, the concentrations of DDD and DDE were the predominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 0.96ng/g-11.97ng/g wet weight; while amongst the PCBs, CB153 recorded the second highest concentration at 2.03ng/g wet in Banlung village, Ratanakiri. Other PCBs, CB101, CB138, CB180, CB118 and DDT were not detected in any of the samples in any of the nine provinces. These persistent organic pollutants may still be present but their concentrations may be lower than the limit of detection (LOD). In conclusion, the amount of analytes that were identified in prahoc were lower than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) in meat as recommended by WHO which means that the health risk from PCBs and DDTs in these fermented fish pastes is low for Cambodians who consume them.

2) MS, Stheavy, Chhay, Qualitative and Quantitative of PAHs in ambient air in Phnom Penh. The increasing population in Phnom Penh today is consuming more and more energy with increasing environmental impact. Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant that seriously impacts human health. Associations between human exposures to air PM can cause lung cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are generated from the incomplete combustion of organic material of both natural and anthropogenic origin are a group of compounds associated with PM in ambient air. PAHs are also known as airborne pollutants which are toxic and possible human carcinogens. In this study, both gas and particle phase samples were collected from two sites (residential and roads) in Phnom Penh city by using URG-3000ABC and URG-3000B air samplers. They were extracted by ultrasonic bath and soxhlet extractor and analysed with GC/MS. The measured average concentrations of PAHs from gas and PM2.5 fraction combined for residential areas and roads were 81±31 and 139±42 ng/m3 respectively. The average concentrations of PAHs absorbed with PM10 was higher than PM2.5. On the other hand, PAHs of high molecular weight such as B(a)A, CHR, B(b)F, B(k)F, B(a)P, IP, DBA and BghiP were adsorbed on the particle phase more than in the gas phase. The observation shows that BaP concentration rang from 2 to 3 ng/m3 in Phnmo Penh was higher than the NAAQS standard limit of 1 ng/m3. According to the results above road areas are more polluted by PAHs than residential areas and particular phase is harmful to health than gas phase.

3) Ms, Tima, Vann, Determination of Anions and Cations in Mekong River and Tonlesap Lake using Ion Chromatography. Water is the most important thing for all living organisms. In natural water there are many particles such as micro-organisms, chemical compounds and other things. These substances can include pollutants that make the water unsafe for human and animals. This study was designed to determine the ion concentrations (both cations and anions) in Mekong River and Tonlesap Lake water in several provinces in Cambodia using Ion Chromatography.18 samples were collected from three provinces ; Kompong cham, Kompong Chhnang and Kandal. All samples were kept at -5oC overnight then filtered using plastic syringe with PTFE filter(0.45�m) and analyzed for Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ - - - 3- 2- 3- Ca , Sr , Mg , Mn ,F , Cl , Br , NO , SO4 and PO4 using Ion Chromatography 881 Compact IC pro. Analysis showed ion concentrations such as; F- (0.129ppm), Cl- (11.266ppm), Br- (0.148ppm), - 2- 3- + + + NO3 (0.783ppm), SO4 (18.906ppm), PO4 (0.139ppm), Na (8.689ppm), NH4 (0.573ppm), K (1.973ppm), Ca2+ (22.867ppm), Mg2+ (6.706ppm). These concentrations of anions and cations are lower than WHO and Cambodian Guideline Values so that these samples are not harmful to human health.

4) Ms, Chanleakhena, Un, Quantitative determination of Fe in fish sauce in Phnom Penh, Kompot, and Preh Sihanouk provinces, Cambodia. Fish sauce is a popular condiment used widely in Asia. In Cambodia, surveys conducted in 2004 and 2010 suggest that 80% to 99% of the population, including pregnant women and children, consume fish sauce or soy sauce regularly. Iron deficiency especially amongst pregnant women and children has been widely reported in Cambodia. Fortification of staple foods and condiments is considered to be the most cost-effective strategy for addressing micronutrient deficiencies at the population level and some manufacturers of fish sauce have adopted this strategy. The Cambodia Standard recommended for iron in fish sauce is 230-460mg/L (ppm). In this research the concentration of iron in raw fish sauce and iron fortified fish sauce was determined. Five unfortified and three iron fortified fish sauces were collected from retail outlets in Phnom Penh, two unfortified and one iron fortified fish sauce were collected from Kompot province, and another four unfortified fish sauces were collected from Preh Sihanouk province. 15 samples of fish sauce were determined by wet digestion and analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS) at wavelength 248.3nm, recovery 88.9-89.1%. Results, iron concentration content in iron fortified fish sauce from Phnom Penh city was from 2.20±0.08ppm to 17.0±0.5ppm and from Kompot province, 18.8±0.4ppm. But, concentration of iron in unfortified fish sauces were; in Phnom Penh (1.98±0.05ppm to 3.5±0.2ppm), in Kompot province (9.0±0.3ppm to 11.33±0.250ppm), in Preh Sihanouk province (2.28±0.0439ppm to 3.38±0.0688ppm). The concentration of iron in fish sauce samples in this study were much lower than the Cambodia standard of between 230 to 460mg which was advertised on the labels.

5) Ms, Vannmei, Ly, The study of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission from Tonle Sap Lake. Methane and Carbon dioxide are important greenhouse gases that absorb heat energy reflected from the earth's surface and so contribute to global warming. The main contribution of these gases from developing countries like Cambodia, with low levels of industrial development, comes from freshwater in rice paddy fields and lakes due to the decomposition of plant material in sediments. Tonle Sap Lake is the largest lake in South East Asia and receives huge amounts of sediment every year from the annual flooding of the Mekong River and its contribution of greenhouse gases has not been studied before. Methane and Carbon Dioxide were collected from several areas of Tonle Sap Lake representing where Mekong floodwater enters the lake (Kompong Chhnang), at its midpoint (Pursat), and at it furthest reach (Battambong). Each area was sampled at two locations, in the open lake and edge environment. Gas samples were collected by using a floating chamber placed on the surface of the water and left for 20 min. Samples were collected every 5 mins and transferred to 12ml pre-evacuated glass vials and later analyzed by gas chromatography. The emission rate of methane and Carbon dioxide in Kompong Chhnang, Pursat and Battambong were 1.3±1.43 mmol/m2/h, 0.8±0.9 mmol/m2/h, 0.04 ± 0.03 mmol/m2/h and emission rate of Carbon dioxide was 29.0± 6.0 mmol/m2/h , 21.5 ± 15.1mmol/m2/h, -1.5± 3.4 mmol/m2/h respectively. Comparison of Methane and Carbon dioxide emission at different sites showed that the emission of both gases were significant higher at the edge environment than in the open lake. Also that the emission of both gases decreased with distance traveled by the Mekong floodwater entering the lake, being highest at Kompong Chhnang, lower at Pursat and lowest at Battambong. This pattern may be due to the different amounts of sediment and subsequent microbial activity resulting from deposition of sediment carried by the Mekong floodwater. Methane and Carbon dioxide production can also be affected by temperature, depth and dissolved oxygen in the water.

6) Ms, Chanthary, KHEANG, The assessment of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp. contamination in fresh vegetables from Phnom Penh Local markets and Ta khmao market. Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are foodborne pathogens which cause diseases in human. This study is aimed to detect E.coli and Salmonella spp. in fresh vegetables (cucumber, lettuce, and saw leaf herb) from local markets and supermarket. All lettuce and saw leaf herb samples were contaminated with both bacteria. Saw leaf herb samples were the most highly contaminated. Cucumber showed the lowest levels of contamination at 8.33% of samples containing E.coli and 66.66% Salmonella spp. In general, E.coli was most common in samples from Takmao market and Salmonella spp. was most common in Supermarket samples. After washing, the concentration of Total coliform (including E. coli) was reduced. But the concentration of salmonella spp. in some vegetables increased. All E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found to contaminate the three types of sample with concentrations higher than recommended safety standards. Thus, consumption of these vegetables without washing properly is unsafe for consumers. Washing is a method for reducing the number of bacteria in vegetables.

7) Mr, Ratha, Ra, Synthesis of Activated Carbon and its Adsorption of Methylene Blue. Activated carbon is a type of carbon that can adsorb organic, inorganic, and gas pollutants. In this experiment, Activated carbon was synthesized from Rice straw and Coconut shell by two methods : Chemical activation (one stage) and Physical-chemical activation (two stages). After the synthesis, the activated carbons were tested to determine their capacity to adsorb Methylene Blue.

8) Ms, RATA, LON, Identification and Quantitative analysis of Formaldehyde in Giant Shrimp, Shrimp and Squid in Phnom Penh City, Kampotand Sihanoukville Province. Seafood and fish are good sources of protein and are a vital part of a healthy diet. But seafood is susceptible to fast spoilage during post-mortem processes. Therefore, seafood must be kept on ice, but it cannot keep more than 7 to 8 days. So some unscrupulous vendors treat seafood with formaldehyde solution (formalin) to preserve shelf life. This has been reported in Cambodia where the seafood supply within the country does not meet the domestic need and it must be imported from other countries, principally Vietnam. Methanal is a preservative but is Carcinogenic and Mutagenic and can be afflict with health issue e.g Asthma, Lung Cancer and blindness. in humans. To determine the amount of formaldehyde in Giant shrimp, Shrimp and Squid, samples were tested with Nash’s Reagent which produces a yellow compound that can measured by UV/Vis spectroscopy, at absorbance 409.9 nm. Shrimp, and Squid samples were collected from 3 different markets in Phnom Penh city: Oreusey, Thomthmey and Dermkor market and from two places in Sihanoukville: Tomnob and Spaleu kompongsom market and in

Kampot market. Shrimp sample were only collected from two places in Phnom penh city: Oreusey and Thom thmey market. To identify a presence of Formaldehyde in food there are tree simple steps. Firstly, carbonyl functional group reacts with 2,4-dinitrohydrasine to produce a yellow compound. Secondly, only the carbonyl functional group of aldehyde reacts with Tollens reagent to produce a silver mirror. Thirdly, it reacts with Fehlings reagent to produce a red precipitate. The results showed the highest amount of Formaldehyde in Giant Shrimp 51.667±0.006 (10-3xµg/g) in Psaleukompongsom (in Sihanoukville province) and the lowest 2.433±0.001(10-3xµg/g) in Oreusey market( Phnom Penh city). In shrimp samples, the highest was 38.767±0.004(10-3xµg/g) in Thom thmey market(in Phnom Penh city). In Squid, the highest was 120.567±0.002 (10-3xµg/g) in Tomnob market (in Sihanoukviile province) and the lowest 5.200±0.001(10-3xµg/g) in Oreusey market(in Phnom Penh city). The determination of Formaldehyde was very difficult to observe because there were very low levels of Formaldehyde in samples. In conclusion, Giant Shrimp, Shrimp and Squid samples which were analyzed had amounts of Formaldehyde compared to recommended levels (10µg/g). We can say these have a low risk to people. To eat seafood safety people should cook or grill first so formaldehyde will be broken down and avoid eating raw seafood. Objective: The goal of this study was to quantify the amount of formaldehyde in Giant Shrimp, Shrimp and Squid in Phnom Penh city, Sihanoukville and Kampot province. To show the easiest method to determine the presence of formaldehyde.

9) Ms, Monyrath, Sith, Determination of Cyanide Content in Cassava. There are 2600 plant species on earth which produce Cyanogenic Glycocides, toxic compounds that act as natural defence against predators. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) contains the Cyanogenic Glycoside called Linamarin. When the cassava's tissues are disrupted, Linamarin breaks down to form hydrogen cyanide which is extremely toxic to organisms. However, the toxicity of cassava can be decreased or eliminated by proper processing, detoxification or cooking. The objectives of this project were to determine Cyanide content and the variation of Cyanide content due to storage period of bitter cassava species which is a major commercial crop nowadays. Samples were collected from Tboung Khmum province (Ponhea Kraek and Memot district), Banteay Meanchey (Svay Chek district) and Kandal (S'ang district). In this study we used a modified Ninhydrin-based method and UVVisible spectrophotometry measuring at 485nm. The results showed that samples collected from Ponhea kraek district had the highest Cyanide content (198±2ppm), Memot district (103±1ppm), Banteay Meanchey province (92±1ppm and 90±1ppm) and Kandal province (111±1ppm and133±2ppm) that higher than safe level recommended by WHO (10ppm).

Storage of cassava for 5 days decreased the cyanide content; from Ponhea Kraek district, Tboung Khmum had the lowest (51%); Memot district, Tboung Khmum province (75%); Banteay Meanchey (66.2% and 65.9%) and Kandal (59% and 60%). In conclusion, cassava should not be eaten raw, it better be properly progressed, detoxified or cooked first.

10) Ms, Sopheavattey, MONIROTH, Determination and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated from pork, beef and fish in Phnom Penh local Markets. Beef, pork and fish are very popular foods in Cambodian however they present ideal substrates for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. In this study, samples of beef, pork and fish were collected from major Phnom Penh local markets. Results show that 100% of beef, 91.67% of pork and 91.67% of fish samples are contaminated with Escherichia coli while 75.00% of beef, 75.00% of pork, and 50.00% of fish with Salmonella spp. Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were subsequently tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Eleven antibiotics including Nalidixic acid (NAL), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Chloramphenicol (CHL), Tetracyclin (TET), Cefotaxime (CTX) , Ceftriaxone (CRO), Amoxicillin+ Clavulanic acid (AMC), Cefalotine (CF), Sulfaminde (SSS), Cotrimoxazole (SXT), Ampicillin (AMP) were used in this study. The result from disk diffusion method indicates that E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were resistant to antibiotics including tetracyclin, ampicillin, sulfamide, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefalotine and ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacine respectively. To prevent foodborne diseases, consumers should wash their raw meats thoroughly, completely cook and improve hygienic practice. Moreover, E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from retail raw meats are commonly resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including those used for treating human illnesses, such as ceftriaxone.

11) Ms, Sreymab, Nget, ntimicrobial activities of TiO2, Ni-TiO2 and Cu-TiO2. The presence of resistance microorganisms that contain in water, vegetables, fruits and the environment is the main agent of disease and it becomes a topic of global concern. In recent year, photocatalytic process has received considerable attention as an alternative for water and air treatment in many industries such as food industries as it could completely oxidize the microorganisms without leaving behind any hazardous residues. In the present study, photocatalytic killing of the Coliform bacteria was investigated using nano-TiO2, N-doped-TiO2, Ni-doped-TiO2, and Cu-doped-TiO2 in powder form or coated on the sand. These photocatalysts were synthesized via sol-gel method using the titanium tetra-isopropoxide as precursor. The doping were made between 0.04% to 0.075% (mole percentage). The nanoparticles were then immobilized on Sand and calcined at 350oC and 400oC for 4 h. The antimicrobial activities were investigated under UV irradiation on Coliform at about 103 CFU/ml. As the result, for particles coated on sand, Cu-doped-TiO2 gave an optimal antibacteria effeciency of 92% after 90min. A slightly better optimal antibacterial efficiency of 97% was found after 180 min for powder-TiO2.

12) Ms, Chim, MATH, Synthesis of Nanoparticle TiO2, N-doped TiO2 and Ni-doped TiO2 and their Photocatalytic Activities for Methylene Blue Degradation. This study based on laboratory design to develop a semiconductor-based water purification process by selecting the best semiconductor TiO2 doped with nickel (Ni) and nitrogen (N), to be coated on a perfect substrate. The synthesis of doped and undoped TiO2 nanoparticles were done by So-gel technique at different dopants’ mole percentage of 0.01%, 0.04% and 0.4%. The nanoparticles were later immobilized on two substrates Pyrex glass wool and Glass bead; and finally the immobilized nanoparticles were calcined at three different temperatures 350oC, 400oC and 450oC for 80 min. The efficiency of methylene blue’s degradation was observed under UV light by UV-visible spectrophotometer in every 20 min for 160 min. The study showed that doping with N and Ni could improve the efficiency of TiO2 between 2%-8%, in which N-doped perform the best. Calcined at 350oC is indicated to be the optimal crystallization temperature. The Pyrex glass wool is the best substrate of choice for the coating of nanoparticle.

Year 2015

1) Oral presentation abstract in International Conference on Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of Marine Ecosystems (BECoME 2015) in Hong Kong on 1-4 June 2015 Adapting to Fluctuating Marine Acidification: Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Tropical Estuarine and Coastal Gastropods (Rapaninae: Muricidae)

Sorya Proum and David J. Marshall. Studies of diverse situations for marine acidification potentially contribute to understanding ecological responses to carbonate acidification of the oceans (OA). Here we investigate physiological and behavioural responses of intertidal gastropod whelks (populations and species) that experience fundamentally different acidity and salinity regimes. We considered two extreme estuarine populations of the euryhaline Indothais gradata (Rapaninae, Muricidae) that experience tidallyfluctuating pH ranging between 6.5 and 8.2 units, and a closely-related stenohaline rocky-shore species, Reishia biturbercularis. Under acute mineral acidification at two salinities (12 or 25 psu) in the laboratory, the Indothais populations maintained similar high levels of cardiac performance down to a remarkably low pH (4.54 - 5.14 units), well below that of the Reishia snails (6.7 pH units). CO2- acidification however elevated the pH threshold in the Indothais snails (6.3 pH units), presumably through an effect of environmental hypercapnia. Physiological and behavioural responses to long exposure (6-12 h) of combinations of stable pH (4, 5 or 6 units) and salinity (12 and 25 psu) revealed a distinct temporal component to acclimatory differences between the Indothais populations. The landward population (BD) showed unique slow recovery of depressed heart rates (HRs) and organism activity following abrupt transfer to the experimental conditions. The seaward population showed sustained HR depression and a greater sensitivity to the lower salinity, and, when free to move, these snails became active faster and readily moved to the air-water interface (escape response). The different population responses match differences in tidal variation in water chemistry experienced. This investigation further revealed the importance, when studying gastropods, of identifying isolation behavior in extreme physical environments. Physiological (and metabolic) depression associated with this behavior, to avoid exposure to stressful conditions rather than in response to stress, has different implications for energy balance, fitness and adaptation than stress related physiology.

2) Poster presentation abstract in International Conference on Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of Marine Ecosystems (BECoME 2015) in Hong Kong on 1-4 June 2015.

Metal Accumulation in the Tissues and Shells of the Rapanine Whelk Indothais gradata Along an Acidified Estuarine Gradient. Proum Sorya1, 2, Jose H. Santos3, Lim Lee Hoon3, Kenneth M.Y. Leung4 and David J. Marshall1 1Environmental and Life Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE 1410 Janlan Tunku Link, Brunei Darussalam 2Chemistry Department, The Royal University of Phnom Penh, Russian Federation Boulevard, Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 3Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE 1410 Jalan Tunku Link, Brunei Darussalam 4The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Presenting author’s email: [email protected] Acidification of estuaries results from microbial CO2 generation, acid sulphate groundwater discharge, and anthropogenic activities, in the context of weak buffering potential of hyposaline waters. The resulting acidification introduces an additional yet poorly studied factor influencing the ecology and distributions of biological populations and species. Furthermore, it has a complex influence on estuarine chemistry, including altering the speciation of metals and potentially their availability to the biotic component. With the aim of providing baseline information for metal accumulation in the shells and tissues of organisms inhabiting acidified turbid tropical Asian estuaries, we studied the rapanine whelk Indothais gradata from the mineral-acidified Sungai Brunei estuary (Brunei Darussalam, Borneo). This snail inhabits hard (rock or wood) and soft (sediment) substrata further allowing the assessment of habitat type effects. We predicted (1) that Fe should predominantly accumulate (high Fe exposure from acid sulphate discharge), (2) that metal accumulation should decrease seawards (dilution and acid buffering effects), (3) that soft sediment habitats should present a greater burden (sinks for metals and increased contact with animals), and (4) that accumulation in shells and tissues should be similar (null hypothesis). Our findings based on seven localities and eight metals were largely consistent with these predictions. However, distribution patterns varied among metals, and shell metal accumulation vastly exceeded tissue accumulation per unit mass. Preliminary work suggests that shell metal accumulates mainly in the outer layer, rather than being an effect of sequestration. Shell analyses appear to be an effective approach to assessing sediment and water metal exposure, though the influence of acid dissolution in altering shell surface properties and their metal capturing capacity could introduce a bias.

1) Mr. Punleu, Leab, (B.Sc), Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Food Additive Benzoic Acid in Sauces (Chili Sauce, Tomato Sauce, Hoisin Sauce and Soy Sauce), Fruit Juices and Jams. Benzoic acid is an aromatic compound used as a preservative. Benzoic acid is permitted as a food additive in a wide variety of foods. It was used to preserve in many type of foods in modern food technology. The use of benzoic acid to prevent food from decaying by microorganism was interested by many countries in the world. The excess of this acid in food can effect to consumer’s health. The concentration of benzoic acid in some Cambodian foods such as sauces(chili, soy, hoisin and tomato sauce), jams and fruit juice was analyzed by spectrophotometric method. As a result, concentration of benzoic acid was found to be1060mg/Kg in chili sauce range 717-1925mg/Kg,723 mg/Kg in Hoisin sauce range 520-1121mg/Kg, 471 mg/Kg for soy sauces range 364-590mg/Kg, tomato sauce 782mg/Kg, 128- mg/kg in fruit juices range 126-166mg/Kg and 237 mg/Kg in jams range 105- 431mg/Kg. The average concentration of benzoic acid in the food categories is in range of permissible standard. These food categories are therefore safe for consumption.

2) Mr, Kemhong, Noem, (B.Sc), Determination of Heavy metals in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The use of Traditional Chinese Medicine has been on the increase in many developing and industrialized countries. It is known that between 65 and 80% of the world’s population use Traditional Chinese Medicines as their primary form of health care. TCM are sometimes contaminated with toxic heavy metals such as Copper, Zinc, Lead and Cadmium depending on their nature and origin, which can impose serious health risks to consumers. This study investigated the concentration of Copper Lead Cadmium Zinc in seven registered ready to use Traditional Chinese Medicine products. Seven brands of TCM remedies were purchased randomly from the Pharmacy shops at Oreus Sey market in Phnom Penh city, digested with Nitric Acid ( HNO3) and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The results showed that some heavy metals tested in samples were higher than WHO recommend safe limits, the highest was over three times higher. Sample Sorsey B had average concentrations of zinc (22.4 ± 0.410 ppm), copper (9.70 ± 2.25) ppm. and lead was (33.1±0.410)ppm. The medication that contained the highest cadmium level was Sample Kon kjey (0.380±0.025) ppm.

3) Mr, Sotha, Keo,(B.Sc), Verification of Insecticide Active Ingredient from Markets in Phnom Penh. In Cambodia, insecticides become popular among farmers due to low price and dramatic efficiency. However, farmers have limited knowledge about insecticide. Moreover, most labels are in foreign languages, so it is hard for famers to get information about what they are using. Some farmers also complained about efficiency of insecticide. Using only one product seems to have no effectiveness; as a result, farmers mix several insecticide products in order to get strong efficacy. All insecticides are imported from other countries, so the quality of insecticide products has become a major concern.60% of insecticide products did not contain the active ingredient as on the label in 2012. Thus to evaluate the current situation22 samples of insecticide were collected from Orussey and Chbar Ampov markets. 12 active ingredients were analyzed such as Alpha-cypermethin, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Dichlorvos, Etofenprox, Fenvalerate, Fenobucarb, Imidacloprid, Methomyl, Permethrin, and Phentoate. All samples were diluted with acetonitrile and they were analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector(GC-FID). The result shows that 13 of 22 products (58%) had labels in foreign languages. 6 of 22 products (27.27%) did not contain the active ingredient as on the product label; 4products (18.18%) had higher amount of active ingredient, and 10 products (45.45%) were the same as the label. Only 2 (9.1%) had lower concentration than on the label.

4) Mr, DyVeasna, Nath, Authentication of coffee sold in Cambodia. Coffee is the second most traded commodity after oil in the world with about US$ 15 billion market share. The two most cultivated varieties are Coffea Arabica and Coffea Robustaaccount for 56% and 46% respectively. Arabica coffee produces a drink that is lower in caffeine, sweeter and more aromatic than Robusta. But Arabica requires higher altitude, is less resistant to disease and has lower yield than Robusta. Consequently Arabica is significantly more expensive and this price difference has created an incentive to cheat by replacing Arabic with cheaper Robusta. Therefore there is a need for a simple, reliable and accurate analytical method of authentication. A modified method was developed using direct hot saponification/methylation with ultrasonic extractionof diterpene markers characteristic of the two varieties, kahweol and 16-O-methylcafestol respectively. 26 samples of local and international brands were used to verify the method and to test for authentication. Ether extracts were injected directly using GC-FID and authentication was based on the ratio of peak areas of the two markers. The method was shown to reliably identify products as pure Arabic or Robusta or blends. Some products being sold in Cambodia are being marketed as pure Arabica but were found to be blends.

5) Mr. Vutha, TOURN, (B.Sc), Removal of Arsenic from Water by Cambodia Soil. Arsenic can be found naturally in organic and inorganic forms. Especially inorganic arsenic (III, V) is more toxic than organic arsenic and in water (surface and ground water) is known to be a health problem around the world. WHO has determined that a safe level of arsenic in drinking water is 10ppm. This research is to study methods of removing arsenic from contaminated water. There are various methods including Coagulation, Precipitation, Ion exchange, Reverse osmosis and Adsorption. There are many agents that can adsorb arsenic including soil, especially soil containing metal-OH groups. Effective removal of arsenic depends on several factors such as pH, temperature, surface area and the quantity of metal-containing group (OH-) in the ground as well. Therefore, there is a need for studies on removing arsenic from water in Cambodia, using soils such as red soil, laterite and clay. Soil samples such as red soil, laterite, mixed laterite, clay and mixed sand soil were taken for removing arsenic were collected from 20 provinces of the country, including Sihanoukville, Koh Kong, Kampong Chhnang, Pursat, Battambang, Banteay Meanchey, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Stung Treng, Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Prey Veng, Kampong Cham, Kampong Tom, Kampong Spue, Kampot, Kandal, Takeo and Preah Vihear. The soil samples were ground into powder, sieved then washed distilled water and dried at temperatures of 150 for one night. 1.5 g of dry soil was tested for absorption with 50mL (pH ≈7-7.2) of 50ppm arsenic solution for 30min. The resulting solution was filtered and analyzed with FAAS. According to the results, most soil types could remove arsenic, except that from Kampot, Kandal, Takeo and Oddar Meanchey provinces which may not be able to absorb enough arsenic (<10%) to be useful. Soils that were able to remove > 50% arsenic were almost all red soils. soil from Ratanakiri (73.18 ± 1.59)% Mondulkiri (75.77 ± 1.33)% Kratie (55.95 ± 2.17)% Prey Veng (53.14 ± 2.08)% Battambang (54.49 ± 0.24 )% Kampong Cham, 50.97%, and Preah Vihear (Broyut) 63.44%, provinces were most effective at removing arsenic. So soil in these provinces could be used for treatment of As contaminated water.

Master students graduated in year 2014 (Abstract for thesis)

1) Ms. Dul Sopheap. Determination of caffeine. Caffeine, Tea and soft drinks are very commonly used beverages in all over the world. The caffeine is the main stimulant occurred in all drinks. Caffeine stimulants the central nervous system, relaxation, myocardial stimulation, recreation. It can provide energy, decrease fatigue, enhance performance. Caffeine having medicinal properties so can be used along with other drug for headache, stimulation, muscle relaxant. Up to contain limit caffeine is u useful but over dose of caffeine starts side effect on the human body. There are various instrumental methods that can be used for the quantitative determination of caffeine in plant, coffee, tea, soft drinks and pharmaceutical formulation in presence of other drugs. HPLC method is the most common reliable methods for determination caffeine in complex sample. Very low concentration of caffeine can be determined with high accuracy and precision. We present in this on the quantitative determination of caffeine by HPLC method and one example by spectroscopic method.

2) Mr. Hor Seanghai. Water treatment using biological method. The activated sludge process (ASP) is the most common and versatile biological process used worldwide for the secondary treatment of domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater. With the course of time, several modifications of the ASP have been made to improve the degree of treatment in accordance with stringent effluent standards. Optimization was also brought into account to reduce the establishment and operating costs of wastewater treatment plant. Activated sludge processes have excellent performance and extremely big application in treating domestic as well as wastewater from chemical, dairy, industrial estate wastewater, paper and pulp, petrochemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, piggery, sewage, synthetic wastewater, tannery, textile, food processing, hospital, shrimp aquaculture, wood fiber industries.etc. Activated sludge process produces a highly quality and environmental friendly effluent.

3) Ms. Bell Norachanajasmine. Pesticide Residue in Vegetable collected from market in PP. Cambodia is a developing country which 80% of people lives in countryside and works in the rice field. Beside growing rice, vegetables are also the main crop for Cambodian famers. In order to prevent their crop from the pests and diseases, Cambodian famers are completely depending on pesticide. At the same time, because of the increasing of food requirement, the attraction of pesticide advertisement and the cheaper price of pesticide, Cambodian famers gave up used natural method in growing crop to choose using pesticide on crops. World Health Organization (WHO) classified pesticide into four groups depending on their toxic including the Extremely Hazardous group (Ia), the Highly Hazardous group (Ib), the Moderately Hazardous group (II) and the Slightly Hazardous group (III).The most popular pesticides that Cambodian famers used are in group (I) and group (II). 13% of pesticides that Cambodian famers used are in group (Ia), 31% are in group (Ib) and the rest, 56%, of pesticides are in group (II). Following to CEDAC, among 2230 famer interviewed, there are 67% famers equal to 1400 famers used pesticide on their crops at least one season. Due to this reason, the present of pesticide residue has been found in vegetables sold in markets. Results from the study in 2006, 2008, and 2012 shown that a number of vegetables bought from markets have the presentation of pesticide residue. Some vegetables that have been done have pesticide residue in the safe gape while others are over the limitation of WHO standard. The results of these studies are the useful messages for Cambodian famers as well as other related organizations to take part or take any action to prevent the misuse of pesticide in order to protect their health as well as consumer’s health.

4) Mr. Khin Bora. Arsenic removal from drinking water using low cost locally available material: Natural laterite. Arsenic in groundwater is a health hazard for rural areas all over the world, especially in developing countries. It is needed to develop the technology with improved materials and systems with high efficiency. Cambodia is also affected by arsenic along Mekong River. In 5% of the other provinces along the Mekong River, Arsenic concentration is more than 0.05mg/l. This review article collected research journals related to arsenic removal from drinking water by using laterite because of laterite contains iron oxide. There are three methods of using laterite to remove arsenic from groundwater. Natural laterite, calcined laterite and calcined laterite mix with iron oxide particle size. These method can remove arsenic from drinking water 94% to 99% which is a good result. And it also a cheap material and easy to find in local.

5) Mr. Meas Chann. Depollution by Photocatalysis. Pollution both air and water are the most concern for all over the world including Cambodia. It comes from exhausted vehicles use, the polluted substances from factories, deforests, and pesticides use in agriculture sectors. This pollution causes many problems to people health. That’s why; the scientists have tried to find the solution for this issue by searching for better method to depollution the air and water. Since it is very important and much related to my study, it drives me to conduct one project report the topic “Depollution by Photocatalysis”. The purposes of this project report are to describe the depollution process and the catalysts use in photocatalysis. This paper describes a short overview of pollution, its effect on human health, photocatalysis process, and air and water purification by photocatalysis. It mainly stresses about the process of air and water depollution by photocatalysis and the potential method for Cambodia.

6) Ms. Yeang Ranet. Drug Synthesis: Aspirin. The main objective in this research report is Synthesis Aspirin Drug. The process of synthesis includ both, in the Laboratory and in the Industry. The chemicals use in the Laboratory are Salicylic acid (White powder), Anhydride Acetic (liquid) and Sulfuric acid (95%) use as catalysis. In the industry Aspirin is synthesized by the reaction of Salicylic acid and Anhydride acetic and add starch (for binding), waters, active ingredient and excipient. They can synthesis Tea Aspirin from the Willow tree (white willow) for reduce fever, pain reliever, headache too. After synthesis we need to purify and testing the product. Recrystalisation is the purification process drug with ethanol sovent and water. The techniques that use for testing are IR, NMR, TLC, Melting point, NaHCO and FeCl 3 3 test and HPLC (with UV-detictor, 277nm, Tr=4.303mins) by compared with commercal aspirin. Assessing Salicylate poisoning clinical evaluation of Aspirin drug: No toxicity expected (150mg/Kg), Mild to moderate toxicity expected (150-300mg/Kg) and Life-threatening toxicity expected (300- 500mg/Kg). Aspirin is a medication has two main actions in body: Anti-inflammatory and Anti-plalet agent. It is part of a gruop of medication called Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin irreversible inhibitor to the Cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that cause to reduce the active of the production hormone Prostaglandin and Thromboxane.

7) Ms. Chap Sereiratana. Measurement technique of the Atmospheric pollutants in cities and their impact on health. Environment in which we live now, presents a contamination by multitudes of chemical products, by dust, hydrocarbon particles containing hazardous substances and also by micro-organic pathogens to constitute a health risk. These substances come from many kinds of pollution such as water, land, noise and air pollution. In the city, there are many kinds of transportation that used a large amount of vehicles (cars, buses, trucks, etc.) and lead to the air pollution. The vehicles exhaust emission contains many kinds of pollutions substance such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Total hydrocarbons (THC), Particulate Matter (PM), Non methane hydrocarbons(NMHCs), Volatile Organic Compound (VOCs) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Metals, etc. When the inhalation in the enough concentration level, these chemical compounds present toxic effect on organs and can cause allergic reaction, respiratory disease, heart disease, cancer, reduce lung function, irritate to skin and eyes and other effect on human health. According to the above mention, it attracts my attention by conducting a project report with the topic “Measurement technique of the Atmospheric pollutants in cities and their impact on health”. The purpose of this report are to determine some pollutions and their emission sources and then, to find the sampling and analysis techniques. Finally, it is important to understand their impact on human health and environment. In this project report, was obtained the data presented on one diesel vehicle tested on classis dynamometer following a European urban cycle (by simulation of a driving mode in large city).

8) Ms. Un Riya. Study of VOCs emitted by plants, the techniques of sampling and analysis. Volatile Organic Compound (VOCs) emitted by trees and plants grown in environment are a complex mixture of carbon, hydrogen and oxygenated compounds containing chemical species. VOCs released from leaves, flowers, and fruits into the atmosphere and from roots into the soil, occur in nature all the time and make up a major source of reactive hydrocarbon in the atmosphere. Almost about 99% of total biogenic non methane VOCs (VOCs) are emitted from terrestrial sources including forests, grasslands, shrublands and croplands. Estimates by several authors lead to the assumption that, on a global scale, the emission strength of biogenic VOCs is about 10 times higher than that of anthropogenic sources.House-plants are not only aesthetically pleasing giving a touch of color to otherwise drab offices or house, they also combat indoor air pollution, particularly with their ability to remove certain dangerous VOCs from air. Trees and Plants grown in environment as well as house- plants, give off more than 1000 different biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). As the concentration of BVOCs emitted by plants in the atmosphere are in the pptV to ppbV range, their measurements require an enrichment step. Two sampling techniques, “Empiric technique and Alternative technique” can be used for sample enrichment, and VOC Analysis is realized with coupling GC-MSD. Diverse studies results presented in this report show that: - Average concentration of total volatile organic compounds from area air samples can reach 2.90 mg/m3, studied in 2007 by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH -USA). - Study performed by National University New Delhi (JNU) in India showed the minimum and maximum VOC emission values were < 0.1 and 87 µg/g dry leaf h(-1) in Ficus infectoria and Lantana camara respectively. On 9 local trees species selected the highest average hourly emission (9.69 ± 8.39 µg/g dry leaf observed in Eucalyptus species and the minimum in Syzygium jambolanum (1.89 ± 2.48 µg/g dry leaf). As with other pollutants, the VOCs emissions emitted by trees or plants as well as house-plants, despite their low concentration (ppm or ppb) in environment, outdoors and indoors (of residential house or office environment), can have harmful effects on the human health.

9) Ms. Samreth Sopheap. Determination of Vitamin C. Ascorbic acid (AA) or Vitamin C is a water soluble organic compound and a powerful antioxidant naturally present in many foods, especially fruits and vegetables, which play an important role in the prevention of infectious diseases. It is important in processes of oxidation and reduction in human organism, participating in several metabolic reactions. There are 3 main methods for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid: Redox Titration Using Iodine Solution, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Spectrophotometry (UV). These methods were used to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in fruits, vegetables and drugs. In this report, I described the principle, and the procedures using for concentration determination for the 3 methods. I also showed some results found in literature. After studying these 3 methods, I found that: The redox titration is an easy method but other substances in the medium may reduction also iodine. Therefore, the value obtained may not correct. In addition, the oxidized form, the dedydroascorbic acid, cannot be determined. HPLC is the most widely used of all of the analytical separation technique. Very low concentration of ascorbic acid can be determined with accuracy (in mM range). UV-spectroscopic method may be used as an alternative method to HPLC but other substances may absorb in the same region of wavelength.

10) Mr. Chheng Saroeun. Drug Synthesis: Fenofibrate, the lipids lowering. There are many kinds of lipid lowering drug that people using to decrease cholesterol in their bodies in order to cut down overweight. Types of drug are decrease lipid lowering such as Fenofibrate Statins, Bile Acid Sequestrants or Resins, Bicotinic acid and so on. Among of them, Fenofibrate(FB), is fibric acid derivative, reduces elevated plasma concentrations of triglycerides. It also increases elevated plasma concentrations of LDL, HDL and total cholesterol. In addition, the lipid lowering activity of fenofibrate is probably mediated by its interactions with the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which regulates gene expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Fenofibrate increases lipoprotein lipase levels which enhance clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Fenofibrate was approved for use in Europe in 1975 and in the United States in 1993. Fenofibrate is available in multiple generic forms and under the brand names of Antara, Lipofen, Lofibra, TriCor and Triglide as capsules and tablets of multiple concentrations, ranging from 43 to 200 mg each. The recommended initial dosage in adults is 43 to 130 mg daily with adjustment to as high as 200 mg daily (depending upon the formulation). According to the useful and much related to our health it catches my attention to find out the characteristic of Fenofibrate drug and use some methods to analysis, and synthesis and cause to our health after their using. From the above mention I have conducted one project report with the topic “Fenofibrate Synthesis”. The purpose of this project are understand the process of synthesis, purification and mechanics of reaction in the human bodies during using this kind of drug and understanding about causes on human health. This report will describe a short overview of the specific method to analyze Fenofibrate with FTIR to describe function as eater, ketone and also NMR spectroscopy to describe 1H and 13C of Fenofibrate structure. It also provides some cause and effect on health and tries to reduce it as we can do.

11) Ms. Eng Sovannarath. C1-C6 Oxygenated Compounds (Such as aldehydes/ketones and alcohols) present in Environment, the technique of sampling and analysis. There are many kinds of pollution such as land pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and air pollution. In the city, a large amount of vehicles is the main cause of air pollution. Exhaust emission from vehicles contains many kinds of pollutants such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (THC), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particles (PM) and Oxygenated compounds like aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Among these pollutants, oxygenated compounds also have harmful effects on human health and the environment. This project report focuses on the sampling technique, analysis method and presents the measurement results of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols obtained in studied testing laboratories in particular in a French testing laboratory. By simulation of a driving mode in large cities in particular in European countries, these three vehicles were tested according to Urban cycle prescribed in European regulation procedure, on chassis dynamometer with cold start. The study results obtained show the effects of engines technology (gasoline engines and diesel engine) and the fuels nature. The Diesel engine vehicle emits the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (19 and 6.10mg/km) more than the gasoline vehicle (1.06 and 0.67mg/km) but less than compared to flexifuel engine vehicle powered with ethanol blended gasoline (E85) particularly acetaldehyde emission (28.3 mg/km) and ethanol (5.7 mg/km). In general, it is not possible to compare their levels emissions because these vehicles have not the same displacement engine. In the case of diesel engines, the study conducted by Kumar and all shows the effects of incorporation of esters of vegetable oil in pure diesel fuel. On a heavy duty diesel engine tested with bio-diesel blends (DB%), the levels emissions of aldehydes and ketones, for example the formaldehyde emissions were 2.6% (DB2%), 7.3% (DB5%), 17.6% (DB10%) and 35.5% (DB20%) compared to this one emitted while using pure diesel fuel (D). Understanding the toxicity of some of these compounds in particular the formaldehyde as a probable human carcinogen (Group B1, classified par the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency “EPA”), it should be important to take into account the presence of these carbonyl compounds which has an impact on the environment and air quality in our cities. Finally, to reduce levels emissions of these carbonyl compounds, it should promote the use of vehicles with very low emissions in the city such as the use of motor vehicles or engines equipped with anti-pollution devices (catalytic converter, particulate filter for trapping fine black particles of diesel engine vehicles) or hybrid or electric vehicles) and the control of fuels quality.

12) Mr. Oung Sithy. Friedel-Crafts Reaction: Scope and Limitation. Organic synthesis is an important undergraduate course in many Bachelor degree courses that is involved in finding solutions to the production of every day products. There are many reactions that had been used for organic synthesis especially Friedel-Crafts reaction is one of the reaction that will be describe in this article. Friedel-Crafts reaction is one of the oldest carbon-carbon bond forming processes that discovered by Charles Friedel and James Mason Crafts in 1877 and it still an attractive method to introduce substituents on aromatic rings. This article mainly focused on type of the Friedel- Crafts reaction (acylation, alkylation and arylation), mechanism, advantages and limitation of the reaction.

13) Ms. Oeng Sophea. Characterization of Cambodian rice spirit. Rice Spirit is a kind of traditional alcohol beverage that most people all over the world like to drink. There are many types of spirits that produced by different material resource, fermentation processing, aging period or container. Volatile compounds that contain in rice spirit play an important role of flavour. The different type and concentration of volatile compounds characterize the different flavour. To qualitative and quantitative determine those volatile compounds, Gas Chromatography (GC) is the most commonly and accuracy method. For 12 Thai traditional rice spirit samples, there are 11 compounds identify as the most powerful odourants among 28 volatile compounds. Those 11 compounds are ethyl acetate, ethyl-butyrate, ethyl decanoate, acetaldehyde, ethyl laurate, ethyl caprylate, 2-phenethyl acetate, 1-hexanol, phenethyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol and 2-furaldetyde. In Japan, there are 29 volatile compounds from the three types of koji (yellow, white, and black) and steamed rice was identified. The 11 compounds came from alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, and ester group such as Isobutyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, isobutyraldehyde, butanal, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, Isovaleraldehyde, Hexanal, 2-butanone, Isopropyl formate. The different suites of volatile compounds identified in shochu and sake kojis impart the respective characteristic flavours to shochu and sake. There are 7 volatile compounds from Cambodia traditional rice spirit were studied such as methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and acetic acid. All of the volatile compounds above had varied concentration.

14) Mr.Ti Bona. Determination of glutamic acid. Glutamic acid or glutamate is the one of the 20 most common natural amino acids, occurs naturally in foods such as cheese, milk, meat, fish, corn, tomatoes, mushrooms, soybean and sugar beet. In its free form, L-glutamic is the major flavor enhancing component of foods with meaty / savory taste. Monosodium glutamate is the salt of glutamic acid is present in numerous foods, for example soup and meat products, because it is an excellent enhance of the flavor. There are various ways and instrumental methods for synthesis and quantitative determination of glutamic acid in meat products (hamburger) and in human plasma. HPLC method is the most common reliable methods for determination of glutamic acid in complex sample. Very low concentration of glutamic acid can be determined with high accuracy and precision. We present here on synthesis and quantitative determination of glutamic acid by HPLC method and GC method.

15) Ms. Lornn Tony. Methods for Analyzing Mercury. Mercury (Hg) has recently been known as a noticeable global pollutant, which occurs widely in the environment (sediment, water, and atmosphere) in various chemical species. Mercury has been known to cause adverse effects on the nervous systems and can cross the placenta barrier, with potential effects on the fetus. Therefore, there is a clear need for developing sensitive and cost-effective methods for Hg speciation analysis. There are five important chemical forms of mercury in the environment, including elemental Hg (Hg0), divalent inorganic mercury (Hg2+), monomethylmercury (MeHg), dimethylmercury (DMeHg), and monoethylmercury (EtHg). Hg0 is the predominant species of mercury in the atmosphere while MeHg is the species of concern owing to its prevalent existence, high toxicity, and accumulation through food chain. The speciation analysis of Hg mainly involves three steps, extraction of Hg from matrix, separation of different Hg species, and detection. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are the most commonly used separation techniques for Hg speciation analysis. The application of HPLC-based techniques is limited by their poor limit of detection (LOD). Therefore, it is hard to apply these methods for the mercury speciation analysis of environmental samples with low concentration of mercury (e.g., natural watersamples). It is very easy to couple GC with highly effective preconcentration methods, such as purge and trap, which can significantly improve the sensitivity and makes GC the first choice for analyzing ultra-low concentrations of Hg species in environmental samples. Various element-specific detectors, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Bachelor students graduated in year 2014 ( Abstract for thesis)

1) Ms. Chhay Kunthea. Determinationof Heavy Metals (Fe, Zn, Cu) in Boeung Cheng Ek and BoengPonnareay Phnom Penh. Metal contamination in water is important in the determination of water quality. Natural water quality in many countries is being affected by manufacturing and industrial activities. Boeng Cheng Ek and BoengPunareayare temporary reservoir lakes for waste water that flows from Phnom Penh, before it flows into the Tonle Sap and Bassac Rivers. Thus,the objective of this research was to determine the concentration of heavy metal ions (Fe, Zn, Cu) in water samples from both lakes. 16 water samples were collected from different locations at random and takenfor analysis after storage at 40C, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Samples were also analysed after storage for 20 days. The results obtained were compared with Cambodian drinking water quality standards (Sub- decree #27 on water pollution control) and international pollution control authorities (WHO) This study showed that the amount of iron and zinc in the BoengPunareaywas higher at all sites thanwater from Boeng Cheng Ek. The concentration of copper ion was below the detection limit. The concentration of all ionswas still lower than the recommended maximum levels of water pollution in Cambodia.

2) Mr. Hor Mann. Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Coconut shell and Rice Husk and Their Adsorption Capacity on Methylene Blue. Activated carbon is a substance effective for harmful molecules removal by physisorption process. It can be readily produced from biological waste. In this study, activated carbon was first synthesized from coconut shell and rice husk, and finally its adsorption capacity toward Methylene Blue was tested. The material synthesis was studied in function of phosphoric acid concentration, activation temperature and raw material size. The prepared activated carbons were finally tested for Methylene Blue removal using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The activated carbons produced from rice husk and coconut shell are at yields of 33.39%-73.15% and 25%-63%, respectively. The activated carbon from coconut shell shows a better Methylene Blue removal than the compared standard respectively 23.944 mg/gand 18.829mg/g. Rice husk’s adsorption capacity is the worst (12.512 mg/g).

3) Mr. Keo Karona. Isolation and Characterization of Polygalacturonase from Mould Growth on Decomposed Banana Peels. Enzymes are natural catalysts which have been of increased interest, especially in industries. Polygalacturonases (PGs) (EC 3. 2. 1. 15) have been widely studied and used because of their capacity for degradation of pectin by hydrolysis into sugars. These can be used in the fruit juice industry which is just starting to develop in Cambodia. The main objectives of this study were the isolation and characterization of PGs from mold growing on decomposed Banana peels.

Three species of molds – Aspergillusflavus, Aspergillsfumigatus, andAspergillusniger were obtained from decomposed banana peels, incubated on pectin agar and on dry Sugarcane bagasse under solid state fermentation (SSF) to produce PGs.Aspergillusflavus was used to study further characterizations. The UV-visible Spectrophotometer was used to determine protein content and enzyme activity at 660nm and 620nm, respectively. As a result, PGs isolated from Aspergillusflavus were found to have specific activity of 2.260 OD/mg and protein content (about 7856.95 mg/L). PG enzyme has an optimal temperature at 50 oC and optimal pH at 6.0 for 20mins, and PG enzyme activity decreased rapidly after 60oC and at pH 7.0. In addition, it was found that Pectin (0.05%) was the best specific substrate of this enzyme. PG enzyme activity can also be increased or decreased according to the presence of monovalent and divalent cations and organic compounds. Adding 10mM of metal ions, caused PG enzyme activity to increase; Na+, K+ and Mg2+ whereas Ca2+, Mn2+, Hg2+ and Fe3+ decreased PG enzyme activity. Urea and EDTA were organic compounds that decreased the activity of this enzyme.

In conclusion, Polygalacturonase (PGs) was produced from mold, especially Aspergillus growth on decomposing banana peels, which indicates that banana peels (one of agricultural wastes) could play a major role as a raw material to produce PGs by solid state fermentation. PGs showed that they were more tolerant to high temperature and more stabile in acidic than alkaline conditions. Na+, K+, and Mg2+ may be used and Ca2+, Mn2+, Hg2+,Fe3+, Urea, and EDTA should be avoided to improve PG enzyme activity.

4) Ms. Keo Raksmey. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH and turbidity from Beoung Chhoung Ek and Beoung Kok Srov. The object of the research is focused on determining pH, Turbidity of water and Chemical Oxygen Demand COD contained in the water from two lakes that receive wastewater from Phnom Penh city; BoengKobSrov(North of the city) and Boeng Cheng Ek(South of the city). These lakes were chosen for this study because water quality has been changing noticeably in recent times as a result of pumping of wastewater from the city. Nine samples were taken in (April, 2014) from around BoengKobSrov and Boeng Cheng Ekin LDPE bottles and stored at 4oC until analysed in the RUPP chemistry laboratory. To find COD insamplesofwater, the dichromate method and UV-Visible spectrophotometer at wavelength 540nm was used. All samples were analysed three times. The detection limit was 0.5 ppm. The results show that the point where waste water enters the lakes had the highest COD levels. At Boeng Cheng Ek the highest level COD was (154 ± 7ppm), pH(9 ± 0.11)and turbidity (39.81 ± 0.22NUT) and BoengKobSrov had COD (80 ± 4ppm),,pH(9.21 ± 0.01)and turbidity (207. 33 ±32). Whereas at the point where water drains from Boeng Cheng Ekto TonleBassac COD was lower at (20 ± 3ppm),pH(8.25±0.11) and turbidity(3.05± 1.15) and the results of the drainage from BoengKobSrov at PrekPhnov bridge was COD (13 ± 3ppm),pH(7.26±0.01) and turbidity (62.33NUT). In the middle of Boeng Cheng EkCOD was (24 ± 4ppm),pH(9±0.01)and turbidity (20.08±0.05NUT) and in BoengKobSrov (3 ± 2ppm),pH(8.62±0.01) and turbidity(55±2.64). The result of storing water for one week, showed a decrease in COD. The highest level COD from Boeng Cheng Ek decreased from (154 ± 7ppm) to (23 ± 3ppm) and COD in all other samples decreased to <0.5ppm.

The results showed that at the point where wastewater enters into the lakes COD was higher than the lake center or the point where it enters the TonleBassac (from Boeng Cheng Ek) and Tonle Sap (from BoengKobSrov) And COD was below detection limits after keeping water stored for a week or more . The Sub-Decree On Water Pollution Control, Cambodia recommends maximum COD <50ppm for Protected public water area and COD< 100ppm for Public water areas and sewers. These results confirm that both lakes are acting as filters of organic compounds before entering theBassacandTonle Saprivers. But there is still some concern for people who eat fish, meat, which come from the lakes with the use of this water directly, without storing the water for some days.

5) Mr. Nan Sino. Charactistic and Detemination of Iron in Cambodian soil. Iron is the fourth most abundant, naturally occurring element in soil, and is found in the form of sulfides, oxides, oxide-hydroxides, silicates and Carbonates.Iron oxide or oxide-hydroxide is able to adsorb heavy metals, so soils rich in iron oxides and oxide-hydroxides can effectively absorb heavy metals especially, Arsenic. This can be useful in agriculture and agro-industry. This research therefore determined iron content of soils from various provinces in Cambodia. Soil samples were collected from areas with soils rich in iron according to the Atlas of Cambodia. All samples were taken from a depth between 23-30 cm. This study determined quantitativelythe iron content of 30 soil sample types such as red soil, clay soil, mixed sandstone and laterite soil mixtures collected from Kampong Thom, Kampong Speu, Kandal, Takeo, Kampot, Prey Veng and PreahVihear. Each sample was first driedthen ground finely and passed through a 500µm sieve. It was dissolved with a mixture nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in a teflon beaker, held at 85oC in a water bath for 6 hours, then be analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) at a wavelength of 248.8nm. Results showed that among the 30 soil samples, the samples from Takeo and Kampot, a type of sandy soil was analyzed to have the lowest concentration of ironat between 0.17 ± 0.02% to 1.35 ± 0.12%. Whereas Kandal and Kampong Speu, a type of clay same and have the concentration ion iron in the range 1.43 ± 0.12% to 2.35 ± 0.11%, lower than mixed stony soil and red soil. Mixed stoney soils from PreahVihear (Ro Veang), Kompong Thom and Prey Veng were in the range2.08 ± 0.26% 6.94± 1.28%. This was lower than red soils from PreahVihear (TbongMeanchey), Kompong Cham (ChamkarLeu) and KompongCham (TbongKhmom) which were in the range (9.43 ± 0.39% 14.91 ± 0.89%) which was the highest. This research found that red soils which had the highest concentration of iron came from PreahVihear (TbongMeanchey) and contained iron in the range 11.24 ± 0.34% 14.91 ± 0.89%. This study to determine the iron content of soils in eight provinces of Cambodia successfully found soil types and areas that contained high iron concentrations which could be used to produce filters to remove heavy metals, in particular Arsenic, or for other uses in the agricultural, agro-industrial or industrial sectors.

6) Mr. Pen Panha. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in sediments in Boengkobsrov. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) are lipid soluble organic compounds that break down very slowly in the environment. They belong to a group of synthetic organic chlorine compounds that were widely used in industry and agriculture. They are of concern in the environment because they can be transported over long distances and concentrated through food chains. They have many kinds of chronic effects on human health including: blocking endocrine hormones, affecting growth and reproduction, impact on the immune and nervous systems and can cause cancer. In Cambodia, as well as in most other countries, before they were banned, they were used in many electric devices, and in agriculture. However, they are still being sold and used in Cambodia, and recently they have been detected in dead Mekong River Dolphins, Cambodian foodstuffs and in sediments of the wetland on the South of Phnom Penh, Boeng Cheng Ek, which receives wastewater from the city. BoengKobSrov is a large lake located in the northwest of Phnom Penh created decades ago by two dyke roads in order to protect the city from flooding. Rainwater and surface runoff naturally fill the lake from the West and it drains through floodgates at the Eastern end into the Tonle Sap River. Water from the Tonle Sap is used to supply drinking water to Phnom Penh. But since 2011 a pumping station has been pumping wastewater from the North and Western side of the city into the lake before it flows into the Tonle Sap. The research aim was to collect baseline data on PCBs and DDTs in the sediments of BoengKobSrov. Sediment samples were taken from seven sites around the lake with a Van Veen Grab sampler.

The method used to analyze for PCBs and DDTs involved ultrasonic extraction with acetone, acetone/hexane (3:1), then hexane/diethyl ether (9:1). Activated copper turnings were used to remove interference from sulfur. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove lipid contamination and analytes transferred to isooctane before analysis with GC-MS (DB-5MS, 30m, 0.25um ID, 0.025 films; temp. program, 70C-300C @ 8C/min) Target analytes were 12 PCB congeners identified as most toxic by WHO (77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189) and 6 DDT congeners (op' DDE, pp' DDE, op' DDD, pp' DDD, op' DDT and pp' DDT). Internal standard was PCB 53 and recovery rates were from 68% to 86% and LOD was 1.5ng/g in dry sediment. DDTs were not detected in any samples but some PCB was detected at the Western edge of the lake, PCB 156 (4.4 ppb) and PCB 167 (12 ppb). Other sample sites were also free of PCBs. This may indicate that the BoengKobSrov is acting as a filter for toxins from wastewater from the Western side of the city which contains various light industrial factories including manufacture of electrical cables.

7) Ms. Tel Tailos. Identification and Quantitative analysis of Nitrogen from ammonia nitrogen in water up dream, middle, down dream of BeungChheungAek(DeungKor district) and BeungPhonaray (SenSok district). Almost all of the wastewater from Phnom Penh city is pumped into two wetlands, Beung Cheng Ek (DeungKor district) in the South and BeungPhonaray (SenSok district) in the north. Water flows from those lakes into the Tonle Sap and Bassac rivers. Water from the Tonle Sap is used to supply drinking water to Phnom Penh so pollution from the lakes could affect the quality of drinking water.Levels of ammonia can indicate levels of pollution in water. The objectives of this project were to identify and quantitative analysis of Nitrogen from ammonia in Beung Cheng Ek (DeungKor district) and BeungPhonaray (SenSok district), Cambodia. Water samples were collected directly from six places in BeungPhunaray; we call “BeungKobSrov” (Lou village, TrapeangReang village,) and eight places from Beung Cheng Ek (Cheng Ek village, Takmav village, Meanchey district, Chamkamon district). We tested the sample on the same day after collection. The method used to determine the presence of Nitrogen in the form of ammonia in water was the Phenate/indophenol blue method. The absorbance was measured by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer at 640 nm.

The resultsfor Beung Cheng Ek, showed that ammonia concentrations were higher where wastewater entered the lake than where it left the lake, the highest concentration was 37.7±0.2 ppm (9.7%) as nitrogen( �! ) and 46±0.2ppm (9.7%)as ammonia( ��! ) and the lowest concentration was 3.8±0.01ppm (4.1%) as nitrogen( �! ) and 4.6±0.01ppm (4.1%).But it was different atBeungPhunaraythat concentration where water left the lake was higher than where it entered because in the dry season no sewage water from Phnom Penh was being pumped in. Around the lake sewage water from households, farms (fish, duck, chicken) also entered the lake.For the upstream of BeungPhunaray, we found that highest concentration was 6.6±0.03ppm (5.3%) as nitrogen(�!) and 8.04±0.03ppm (5.3%) as ammonia(��!), and lowest concentration was 1.3±0.01ppm (9.1%) as nitrogen(�!) and 1.9±0.01ppm (7.7%) as ammonia (��!).

Conclusions, the use of water in the Beung Cheng Ek have higher risk than BeungPhunaray. Thus, we need to take care of natural water help preserve water resources by sewage treatment before drain into lake or river.

8) Mr. Nim Bunthoeun Synthesis of Nano- TiO2, Cu-doped TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 and their Photocatalytic Activity for Methylene Blue degradation. The presence of harmful organic compounds such as dyes (methylene blue, methyl orange), pesticide, herbicide, phenol and others pollutants in water from sources such as farms, households and industrial effluents is a topic of global concern. In recent years, photocatalytic process has received considerable attention as an alternative for treating these polluted waste water as it could completely oxidize harmful organic compounds present in the waste stream without leaving behind any hazardous residues. TiO2 nanomaterials are often used as photocatalyst in water treatment applications. In the present study, photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue as a pollutant was investigated using nano-TiO2, Cu-doped TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalyst. These photocatalysts were synthesized via sol-gel method using the titanium tetra-isopropoxide as precursor material and tert-butanol as solvent. TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized with different concentration ratios of [�2�]/[��4+] of R=1, R=1.5, R=2 and R=2.5. Cu-doped TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 were synthesized at [�2�]/[��4+]=2 and at different weight percentages of Cu or Fe/Ti of 0.05wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt% and 1wt%. The nanoparticles were later coated on sand before calcination at 350oC, 400oC and 450oC. The effects of dopant’s concentration, water concentration and calcination temperatures on the photocatalytic activity of catalysts were investigated. The study of methylene blue degradation under UV irradiation was done using UV-visible spectrophotometer. We show that the synthesis of doped-and-undoped TiO2 nanoparticles were successful. The sample with [�2�]/[��4+]=2 and calcined at 350oC gave an optimal photodegradation efficiency of 90.053%±0.486%. A slightly better optimal photoactivity of 92.261%±0.331% of Fe-doped TiO2 was found for the catalyst with Fe/Ti= 0.05wt% and treated at 400oC. Cu-doped TiO2 with Cu/Ti= 0.1wt% and calcined at 400oC had the highest degradation efficiency of 93.386%±0.389%.

9) Mr. Seng Rom . Absortion of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds in Water by iron in Cambodian soil. Receiving enough iron is very essential for health because iron is a maker of red blood cells in the body and it has role lead iron into other organs in the body. By this reason, the Iron Fish was made to resolve commonly for problem world that are meeting iron deficiency especially for pregnant women poorest family and children. Studying onto conditions to find the best condition for emission appropriate iron to receive enough iron for daily iron of human needed was made. Heavy metals such as Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, and Arsenic was analyzed the quantity in Iron Fish and in soup by machine Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy technic to ensure safe for everybody that use Iron Fish. Studying of quantitative of iron diffusion and real practice with parameter include pH, temperature, time and ion strength was carried out. The quantitative of iron diffusion increase when decrease of pH that at temperature 100oC in time 5 minutes is pH = 8 has quantity of iron 0.25 ± 0.15 ppm and pH = 2 has quantity of iron diffusion increase till 298 ± 40 ppm because it has strong acid than other. Because of food that has most sour at pH about 3, so the Lucky Iron Fish was studied continue by time and temperature. The quantitative of iron diffusion increase with increase of temperature that at pH = 3 and temperature 30oC has iron diffusion 44 ± 5 ppm till 100oC has iron diffusion until 167 ± 5 ppm. On the other hand, the quantitative of iron diffusion increase with increase of time that at time 5 minutes has the quantity of iron diffusion 167 ± 5 ppm and at time one hour increase 3068 ± 439 ppm for pH = 3 and temperature 100oC. In addition, the iron diffusion increases by ion strength. In real practice by put the Lucky Iron Fish into soup in time 5 minutes the quantitative of iron diffusion in sour soup at 100oC, pH = 4.95 was found iron concentration 6 ± 1 ppm. If children is 4-8 years and pregnant women eat sour soup 1 liter in one day, they will receive iron in amount 34% and 25% order for daily iron needed. In sour soup beef at 100oC, pH = 4 the quantitative of iron diffusion was found 43 ± 2 ppm. If children’s is 4-8 years and pregnant women eat sour soup 230 mL and 620 mL order in one day, they will receive enough iron (100%) of daily iron needed. At temperature 100oC the irons diffusion is 0.31 ± 0.08 ppm for distills water. Studying the quantity of iron diffusion from the Lucky Iron Fish was found the best condition by successfully. In real practice show that the sour soup beef was added of lemon water that has citric acid and it can provide enough iron for daily human iron needed.

9) Ms. Phon Sreypich. Absortion of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds in Water by iron in Cambodian soil. Inorganic arsenic As (III) and As (V) is known to be a health problem in water wells, and underground water of Cambodia. Types of soil that contain metal-OH groups are known to be able to remove these inorganic arsenic ions. A study on soil types, such as red soil mixture, laterite and clay soils around the country, which can effectively remove arsenic was carried out.Soil samples were taken from 9 sites including; Kampong Speu, Takeo, Prey Veng, Kampong Cham (two places, Sung and Chamka Leu) and Preak Vihear (two sites, Broyut and Iron Mountain). Samples were dried for 2 h, powdered and sieved twice. 50 g soil was weighed, washed with 250 mL water 5 times and dried for 2 h again. 5 g dry soil was used to absorb a 250 mL solution containing 1 ppm As for 24 h at pH = 7.1-7.2. After absorption for 24 h the solution was filtered and analyzed with Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HGAAS). The absorption by mixed laterite soil was determined from; Kampong Thom (99.3 ± 0.4)%, Takeo( 94 ± 3)% Prey veng (99.1 ± 0.8)% Kampong Cham (Tbong Khmom)( 99 ± 1)% and Chamka Leu (98.7 ± 0.9)%. The absorption by red soil from Broyut was > 99.5% and by laterite soil from Iron Mountain was( 99.8 ± 0.1)%. Absorption greater than 99.5% means inorganic arsenic remains less than 10 ppb which is below the level of risk from arsenic. For some poor countries when the removal of arsenic from water is greater than 95% water, this can be allowed for use. The study of soils to absorb arsenic from water was carried out successfully. Almost all soil types can remove arsenic except that from Takeo province which may not be able to absorb enough arsenic. But if, according to the World Health Organization, only soil from Preak Vihear province can remove sufficient arsenic.

Activities of ISP team at Chemistry department, RUPP from February2014

Achievements in relation to Objectives ISP support has increased research capacity in the chemistry department though research training, exchange visits, student theses and Master degree education.

17 June 2014 Mr. CHENG KHLEY and Mr. ING HOK presented 1 day Demonstration of GC-MS and GC-FID. GC-MS: Analyzing pesticides and GC-FID: Analyzing toluene in petroleum Objective: Sharinng knowledge of lab in Cambodia This demonstration was participateed by 4 peoples from National Health Product Control of Ministry of Health

The View in the room during demonstration

23 June 2014 Ten final year students did research projects with 10 different topics and wrote theses in 2014. Seven of those were supported by ISP team (CAB:01) and 3 topics were supported from Sogang University, Korea. All of those defended their theses in the same day successfully and made poster presentations at a seminar attended by about 120 RUPP staff and students. The research projects with 7 different topics supported from CAB;01 were as following;

Students Topics Supervisors Mr. Seng Rom Iron Diffusion in Hot Water and in Soup Mr. Cheng Khley Mr. Keo Karona Isolation and Characterization of Polygalacturonase Mss. Long Solida from Mould growth on decomposed Banana peels Mr. Nim Bunthoeun Photocatalysis Dr. Tieng Siteng Mr. Hor Mann Producing Activated cabon from Local Material Dr. Tieng Siteng Avialable of Cambodia Mss. Phon Sreypich Absortion of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds in Mr. Cheng Khley Water by iron in Cambodian soil Mr. Nan Sino Charactistic and Detemination of Iron in Cambodian Mrs. Sreng Soknet soil Mr. Pen Panha Determination of DDT and PCB in sediment in Mr.Heng Savoeun Boeng Kobsruv in Phnom Penh

The research projects with 3 different topics supported from Sogang Universuty were as following;

Students Topics Supervisors 1

Mrs. Chhay Kunthea Determination of Heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Cu) in Mr. Chey Thavy Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Ponnareay, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Mss. Tel Tailos Identification and Quantitative analysis of Mrs. Seng Samphors Nitrogen from ammonia-nitrogen(NH3-N) in Boeng Cheung Ek and Boeng Ponnareay, Cambodia Mss. Keo Raksmey Determination of Chemical Oxygend Demand Mrs. So Viccheka (COD), pH and Turbidity in Boeng Cheung Ek and Kob Srov, Cambodia

View in the room during the students defended their theses

View in the room during the students defended their theses

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Poster presentations on day of thesis defense

05-27 July 2014 Honour doctor Lars Lundmark taught the master students at Chemistry department under teacher exchange program (Linneus –Palme) between Royal University of Phnom Penh,Cambodia and Umea University ,Sweden

View in the Master class

View in the Master class

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28-29 August 2014 ISP team at Chemistry department, RUPP (CAB;01) provided the fund for the 5th Cambodian Chemical Society symposium that was held on 28-29 August 2014 at the Royal Academy of Cambodia, with the theme “Chemistry and Life”. There were 268 participants, almost entirely high school chemistry teachers and Provincial Education officers from all of the provinces in the country. Seven presenters came from the ISP supported RUPP research team (CAB:01) Dr. Peter Sundin (International Programme in Chemical Sciences (IPICS), Programme Director) was invited to give the opening address. ISP provided funding for the CCS Bulletin also.

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Photos in the Cambodian Chemical Society Symposium

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28 August 2014

Dr. Peter Sundin and Dr. Peter Roth visited the laboratory in Chemistry Department at RUPP and ISP team (CAB:01). We discussed about the possibility of CAB:01 to support PhD student.

05 September 2014 Mr. Heng Savoeun joined ANFEC steering committee Meeting located in Faculty of Natural Science, NUOL, Vientiane, Lao PDR. We discussed the training package and designed the network strategies to apply for ISP grant 2015 – 2017. The following members were present in the meeting: 1. Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona (leadeer of the network), Department of Chemistry, NUOL, member of the ANFEC steering committee 2. Prof. Nilufar Nahar, Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, member of the ANFEC steering committee 3. Mr. Heng Savoeun, Department of Chemistry, RUPP, member of the ANFEC steering committee 4. Dr. Peter Sudin, International Programme in Chemical Sciences (IPICS), Programme Director, Uppsala University Mr. Heng Savoeun presented about Research activity in Chemistry department at RUPP in Faculty of Natural Science, NUOL, Vientiane, Lao PDR

ISP team visited laboratory in Chemistry department of National University of Lao.

14 September 14 October 2014 Mr. Heng Savoeun and Ms. Long Solida jointed the Linneus Palme program, Sweden for exchange in teaching at Umea University, supported by Linneus-Palme program

03 November, 2014 Faculty of Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh organized the 3rd Workshop on Natural Science. The workshop was funded by ISP team CAB:01. The Prof. Meak Kamerane, dean of faculty of science gave the opening speech the workshop. Mr. Heng Savoeun presented about the determination of DDT and PCB in sediment in Boeng Kobsruv in Phnom Penh, 6

21-22 November, 2014 On 21-222 November, 2014, The Cambodian Chemical Society (CCS) cooperated with the Kratie Provincial Department of Education, Youth and Sports organized a training workshop to Secondary and High Schools Chemistry Teachers at the School Resource Center (SRC), located in the Kratie Krong High School. This training workshop was supported by ISP team(CAB:01) in the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP). The Training Workshop aims to introduce both Theoretical and Experimental Methods according to the secondary chemistry curriculum to the teachers in order to support them with proper capacity to demonstrate the Chemical experiments in their own laboratories. The Training Workshop also aims to improve the quality of teaching and learning Chemistry of students in high schools and encourage them to admire to study Chemistry.

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Approximately 53 ( 24 females) chemistry teachers from various secondary schools in Kratie province attended in this two days training. The Deputy Director of the Kratie Provincial Department of Education, Youth and Sports and Dr. Sieng Huy, CCS’s Executive Director were presidencies in the opening ceremony. The following chemistry lessons and experimental topics were introduced to the participants: 1. Safety in Laboratory and the basic uses of glassware 2. Preparation of solutions: a. Preparing 0.10M NaOH solution from its crystal b. Preparing 0.010M HCl solution from toilet detergent c. Diluting Acetic Acid solution from daily vinegar 3. Standardized NaOH solution by potassium hydrogen phthalate (K.H.P). And titrating HCl solution by the standardized NaOH solution. 4. Determining the concentration of Acetic Acid in daily vinegar through the titration by the standardized NaOH solution 5. Observing the reactions between metals with diluted HCl solution. 6. Testing pH of fruit Juices 7. Conducting experiment of decomposition reaction of NaHCO3 powder by heating 8. Observing water Electrolysis in basic solution. The training workshop has successfully been finished at 5.00 pm on 22thNovember, 2014. Participants were very happy with what they have learned and experienced in the training and they suggested to have more this valuable training, especially for Chemistry teachers at the very rural area of the country.

View in CCS-training class

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Activities of ISP team at Chemistry department, RUPP in 2015

Achievements in relation to Objectives ISP support has increased research capacity in the chemistry department though research training, exchange visits, student theses and Master degree education.

19 January – 06 February 2015 ISP team (CAB:01) organized the 3th ANFEC training/workshop in chromatography (GC/MS), quantification and quality assurance at Chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh. This training was conducted by Ulla Eriksson/Michael Strandell, ACES, Stockholm University and jointed by 18 peoples included 2 participants from National University of Lao, 3 participants from Camcontrol (Cambodia), 1 chemistry staff and 12 undergraduate chemistry students from Royal University. This training was supported by Royal University of Phnom Penh and financed by ISP; Uppsala University.

20-23 January 2015 Mr. Heng Savoeun, ISP team leader, jointed the workshop for development of a regional research network on non-toxic environment for Southeast Asia organized by Swedish Embassy in Bangkok. In this workshop he presented oral about research activities at chemistry department and summary of results.

19 January – 06 February 2015 ISP team (CAB:01) organized the 2nd ANFEC training/workshop in chromatography (GC/MS), quantification and quality assurance at Chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh. This training was conducted by Ulla Eriksson/Michael Strandell, ACES, Stockhollm University and jointed by 18 peoples included 2 participants from National University of Lao, 3 participants from Camcontrol (Cambodia), 1 chemistry staff and 12 undergraduate chemistry students from Royal University. This training was supported by Royal University of Phnom Penh and financed by ISP; Uppsala University.

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Activities in the training class

ANFEC trainee went sampling

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Ulla Erikson, trainer and Mey Sovuthy, deputy head dep. of Chemistry gave the certificate to the trainee

Group photo after training

Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona, ANFEC leader. Prof. Nilufar Nahar, and Mr. Heng Savoeun, ANFEC members visited in the class during ANFEC training.

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View in dinner of trainee

02 February 2015 ANFEC team organized the meeting at Chemistry department, RUPP. The meeting was headed by Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona, ANFEC leader. Participants in the meeting are; Prof. Nilufar Nahar, ANFEC member, Dhaka University Mr. Heng Savoeun, ANFEC member, Royal University of Phnom Penh Mr. Mey Sovuthy, deputy head of chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh Ms. Ke Kuntheamealea, deputy head of chemistry department, Royal University of Phnom Penh Ms. So Vicheka, ISP team member (CAB:01), Royal University of Phnom Penh Dr. Peter Sundin, ISP director, Uppsala University Mr. Michael Strandle, Stockholm University The meeting objectives are to:  Discuss about next ANFEC training in 2016  Provide an opportunity for face-to-face meeting among members of the group At the end of the discussion we agreed that the next ANFEC training will be located at Dhaka University in Bangladesh. Prof. Nilufar Nahar will arrange this training in January 2016. ISP team (CAB;01) at RUPP will send 5 participants to Dhaka for this workshop.

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View in ANFEC-meeting room

28 February – 3 April 2015

Dr. Solomon TESFALIDET and Dr. William Siljebo, from Umea University, Sweden, visited Chemistry department and discussed with Prof. Meak Kamerane, dean of Faculty of science, and Mr. Chey Thavy, head of chemistry department about the cooperation between Royal University and Umea University in the future. During this visiting, Dr. Solomon developed and taught a course in advanced analytical chemistry for master students at the chemistry department. Dr. William Siljebo taught a course in analytical instrumentation. This was funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus-Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP.

Dr. Solomon in Master class

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Dr. William Siljebo in Master class

29-30 May 2015 ISP team (CAB:01) at RUPP supported the CCS’s training workshop on 29-30 May, 2015. The Cambodian Chemical Society (CCS) cooperated with the Pailin Provincial Department of Education, Youth and Sports organized a training workshop to Junior and High School Chemistry Teachers at the School Resource Center (SRC), located in the Hun Sen Pailin Krong Tepnimith High School. The Training Workshop aims to introduce both Theoretical and Experimental Methods according to the secondary chemistry curriculum (grade 7 to 12) to the teachers in order to support them with proper capacity to demonstrate the Chemical experiments in their own laboratories.

Training workshop to chemistry teachers at Pailin province on 29-30 May, 2015.

There were 29 (8females) chemistry teachers from various Junior and High schools in Pailin province attended this two days training. The Director of the Pailin Provincial Department of Education, Youth and Sports and Dr. Sieng Huy, CCS’s Executive Director were presidencies in the opening ceremony. The following chemistry lessons and experimental topics were introduced to the participants: 14

1. Safety in Laboratory and the basic uses of glassware 2. Junior High School teachers program: a) The determination of Density of Matter b) Separation of mixtures (sand, iron, salt…) c) Preparation and Identification of some important gases such as H2, O2, CO2 d) Identification of Acid- Base 3. High school teachers program: a) Decomposition of NaHCO3 by heating b) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions c) Observation of the reaction between Na and water d) Reaction between metals and acid, chemical activation of metals e) Titration weak acid and strong base f) Soap preparation.

In training class

The training workshop has successfully been finished at 5.00pm on 30th May, 2015. Participants were very happy with what they have learned and experienced in the training.

22 June 2015 Fifteen final year students did research projects with 15 different topics and wrote theses in 2015. All of those defended their theses in the same day successfully and made poster presentations at a seminar attended by about 200 RUPP staff and students. The research projects with 15 different topics supported from CAB;01 were as following;

No Name of Student Title of research topic Supervisors 1 Mr. Muth Mony Anti-microbial effect of TiO2 in water Ms. Long Solida 2 Mr. Nath Dyveasna Authentication of grounded coffee Arabica and Robusta sold in Ms. So Vicheka Phnom Penh using Kahweol -16-0 methyl cafestol 3 Mr. Toun Vutha Remove Arsenic from water using Cambodian soil Ms. Seng Samphos 4 Mss Gnet Sopheap Synthesis of TiO2, B-NiiCe-doped TiO2, N-doped TiO2 and Dr. Tieng Siteng photocatalysis activity on Methylne blue 5 Mss Ros Chendapheakdei Determination of E-Coli and Total coliform in ready-to eat fresh Ms. Pheuk Chanrith vegetable sold in Phnom Penh 6 Mr. Nim Kimhong Quantitative determination of heavy metals in Khmer traditional Mr. Thong Rangsy medicine 7 Mr. Houn Kimsrea Quantitative determination of Lead and Cadmium in soil from Ms. Solida Long rice field in some provinces in Cambodia 8 Mr. Leab Ponlir Quantitative determination of benzoic acid in some foods Ms. Solida Long 9 Mss Bau Lavy Quantitative determination of Lead and Cadmium in unpolished Mr. Sean Vichet rice in some provinces in Cambodia 10 Mss Gnob Saline Quantitative of ions in drinking water and tap water in Mr. Mey Sovuthy Cambodia 11 Mss Keo Sotha Qualitative and quantitative determination of active compounds Mr. Heng Saveoun in pesticide on market 12 Mss Prok Sokha Determination of E-Coli and Total coliform in tap water in Ms Pheuk Chanrith Phnom Penh 15

13 Mss Mean Sinat Water treatment using active carbon Dr. Tieng Siteng 14 Mss Heam Pheavon Quantitative determination of iron in soil in Cambodia Mr. Chey Thavy 15 Mss Phorn Chunai Quantitative determination of pesticide residue in fresh Mr. Heng Savoeun vegetables

View in the room during the students defended their theses

Poster presentations on day of thesis defense

31 Aug. 2015 Dr. Hang Chuon Naron, Minister of Education, Youth and Sport, Cambodia, Dr. Anna Maj Hultgard, Swedish ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia, Prof. Ernst van Groningen, ISP Uppsala University, Sweden and Dr. Chet Chealy, rector of RUPP, visited the research laboratory in Chemistry Department during the opening ceremony for Applied Nanomaterials Laboratory which was sponsored ISP. They were shown posters of students research projects from 2015 and analytical instruments all sponsored by ISP.

Mr. Heng Savoeun explaining the poster of research Mr David Ford, advisor to chemistry department projects in Chemistry to Dr. Hang Chuon Naron, showing student research posters to the Swedish minister MoEYS. ambassador(second right). 16

Mi nister of MoEYYS(second left) and rector of RUPP( Mr. Heng Savoeun explaining the analytical firs t left) visiting the research Lab. instruments to Prof. Ernst van Groningen, ISP Uppsala University, Sweden

10-11 September 2015 ISP team at Chemistry department, RUPP (CAB;01) provided the fund for the 6th Cambodian Chemical Society symposium that was held on 10-11 September 2015 at the Royal Academy of Cambodia, with the theme “Chemistry and Life”. There were 250 participants, almost entirely high school chemistry teachers and Provincial Education officers from all of the provinces in the country. Two presenters came from the ISP supported RUPP research team (CAB:01) ISP provided funding foor the CCS Bulletin also.

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View in the symposium hall

12 September- 12 October 2015

Ms. So Vichheka and Ms. Phal Sereilakhena jointed the Linneus Palme program for exchange in teaching at Umea University, Sweden, This was funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus-Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP

21 November – 13 December 2015

Dr. Solomon TESFALIDET, from Umea University, Sweden, visited Chemistry department. During this visiting, Dr. Solomon developed and taught a course in advanced analytical chemistry for master students at the chemistry department. This was funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus-Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP.

View in the master class

11 December 2015 During his visiting, Dr. Solomon TESFALIDE had also a meeting with Prof. Meak Kamerane (dean of Faculty of science), Mr. Chey Thavy (head of chemistry department), Mr. Heng Savoeun and Mss. Prum Sorya (staff in chemistry department). We discussed about the cooperation between Royal University and Umea University in the future. Dr. Solomon presented 1. Information about Linnaeus-Palme 2. Short report about the progress of Palme-students who are currently at UmU. 3. Activities during 2011-2015: 4. Information about planned activities for the period 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 Preliminary plan: - Palme teachers (two) from RUPP to UmU - Linnaeus teachers (two) from UmU to RUPP - Student exchange:

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 for 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 we have applied for scholarship for 3 Palme students per year (RUPP to UmU). Two at the master level and one at a bachelor level.  for the same period the planned number of Linnaeus students is 1/year (UmU to RUPP)

14 December 2015 During his visiting, Dr. Solomon TESFALIDE used also the opportunity to present to students about Linnaeus-Palme student exchange programme and bilateral agreement (MoU) between UmU and RUPP. He explained that the student can study one year at UmU in two ways. First 2 students can get full scholarship for 1 year under Linnaeus-Palme student exchange programme. Second student can study at UmU under bilateral agreement (MoU) that mean student live with own money without school fee. After that they will receive Swedish certificate.

Activities of ISP team at Chemistry department, RUPP in 2016 09-31 January 2016

Dr. Knut Irgum, from Umea University, Sweden, visited Chemistry department. During this visiting, Dr. Knut Irgum taught a Advanced levels course in analytical Chemistry (Process analytical Chemistry, Chromatography and Applied Mass Spectrometry) for master students at the chemistry department. This waas funded by program kontoret in Sweden within the Linnaeus-Palme teachers exchange programme between UmU and RUPP.

11-29 January 2016 19

ISP team (CAB:01) sent 4 final year students(Miss. CHHAY SOTHEAVY, Miss. VANN KIMROEUN, Miss. NGET SREYMAP, Miss. LY VANNMEI) to participate the 3rd ANFEC training/workshop in chromatography (GC/MS), quantification and quality assurance co-organized by ANFEC and NITUB at Dhaka University, Bangladesh. This training was conducted by Ulla Eriksson/Michael Strandell, ACES, Stockholm University.

20-24 January 2016

Dr Peter Sundin and Dr. Cecilia Öman visited Chemistry department and Royal University of Phnom Penh. In Scientific Meeting between RUPP-ISP: “Functioning Advance Scientific Equipment” on 21 January 2016, Dr. Peter Sudin, Head of ISP and Director of Chemistry Program presented about ISP cooperation with Faculty of Sciennces, RUPP and Dr. Cecilia Öman, Assistant Director of Chemistry Program presented about Functioning Advance Scientific Equipment. Dr. Chey Chan Oeurn, Faculty of Science, RUPP presented also about Current situation of scientific equipment in the Faculty of Sciences, RUPP.

28-30 January 2016 Mr. Heng Savoeun joined ANFEC meeting at Dhaka University, Bangladesh. The meeting was headed by Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona, ANFEC leader. Participants in the meeting are; Prof. Nilufar Nahar, ANFEC member, Dhaka University Mr. Heng Savoeun, ANFEC member, Royal University of Phnom Penh Dr. Peter Sundin, ISP director, Uppsala University The meeting objectives are to discuss about next ANFEC training in 2017. At the end of the discussion we agreed that the next ANFEC training will be located at National University of Lao. Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona will arrange this training in January 2017. ISP team (CAB;01) at RUPP will send 5 participants to this workshop.

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Activities in the training class

ANFEC trainee went sampling

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Ulla Erikson, trainer and Mey Sovuthy, deputy head dep. of Chemistry gave the certificate to the trainee

Group photo after training

Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona, ANFEC leader. Prof. Nilufar Nahar, and Mr. Heng Savoeun, ANFEC members visited in the ANFEC training class.

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View in dinner of trainee

02 February 2015 ANFEC team organized the meeting at Chemistry department, RUPP. The meeting was headed by Dr. Kesiny Phomkeona, ANFEC leader. The meeting objectives are to:  Discuss the training package and strategies of the awareness raising;  Discuss on the possible collaboration with national agencies to promote awareness raising;  Provide an opportunity for face-to-face meeting among members of the group Participants in the meeting are; Prof. Nilufar Nahhar, Dhaka University ANFEC member Mr. Heng Savoeun, Royal University of Phnom Penh, ANFEC member Mr. Mey Sovuthy, Royal University of Phnom Penh, deputy head of chemistry department Ms. Ke Kuntheamealea, Royal University of Phnom Penh, deputy head of chemistry department Ms. So Vicheka, Royal University of Phnom Penh Dr. Peter Sundin, ISP director, Uppsala University Mr. Michael Strandle, Stockholm University

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View in ANFEC-meeting room

27 June 2016 Twelve final yeaar thesis students defensed their thesis in public manner with the committee, supervisors and students, who were from our Chemistry Department and Bio engineering Department. The theses were bassed on their twelve individual independent research project lab results, which were conducted since the earlier 2016. During the thesis defended day, they also did the poster presentations to the participants by about 150 RUPP staff and students. The research projects with 12 different topics supported from CAB;01 were as following;

No Name of Student Title of research topic Supervisors 1 Ms, Kimroeun, Vann Determination the spatial variations of PCBs, DDTs in Prahoc Mr. Heng Savoeun from TonleSap lake and the communities along the Mekong River. 2 Ms. Sotheavy, Chhay Qualitative and Quantitative of PAHs in ambient air Mr. Heng Savoeun in Phnom Penh. 3 Ms. Tima, Vann Determination of Anions and Cations in Mekong River and Mr. Mey Sovuthy Tonlesap Lake using Ion Chromatography. 4 Ms. Chanleakhena, Un Quantitative determination of Fe in fish sauce in Phnom Penh, Mr. Chey Thavy Kompot, and Preh Sihanouk provinces, Cambodia. 5 Ms, Vannmei, Ly The study of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission from Tonle Ms. Ngin Putheary Sap Lake. 6 Ms, Chanthary, The assessment of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp. Ms. Pheuk Chanrith KHEANG contamination in fresh vegetables from Phnom Penh Local markets and Ta khmao market. 7 Mr. Ratha, Ra, Synthesis of Activated Carbon and its Adsorption of Methylene Dr. Tieng Siteng Blue. 8 Ms. RATA, LON Identification and Quantitative analysis of Formaldehyde in Giant Mr. Chey Thavy Shrimp, Shrimp and Squid in Phnom Penh City, Kampotand Sihanoukville Province. 9 Ms. Monyrath, Sith, Determination of Cyanide Content in Cassava. Mr. Thong Rangsy 10 Ms. Sopheavattey, MONIROTH, (B.Sc), Determination and Antibiotic Susceptibility Ms. Pheuk Chanrith MONIROTH of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolated from pork, beef 25

and fish in Phnom Penh local Markets. 11 Ms. Sreymab, Nget Antimicrobial activities of TiO2, Ni-TiO2 and Cu- Dr. Tieng Siteng

TiO2. 12 Ms. Chim, MATH Synthesis of Nanoparticle TiO2, N-doped TiO2 and Ni-doped Dr. Proum Sorya TiO2 and their Photocatalytic Activities for Methylene Blue Degradation.

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