HUMANITARIAN

2016 RESPONSE PLAN MONITORING REPORT JANUARY-JUNE 2016

PREPARED BY THE WHOLE OF SYRIA ISCCG FOR THE SSG

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

Credit: UNHCR 

ESTIMATED PEOPLE CHILDREN IN PEOPLE IN HARD-TO-REACH PEOPLE IN BESIEGED NUMBER OF FOOD IN NEED NEED LOCATIONS LOCATIONS INSECURE PEOPLE

M M M M 6.7M 13.5 6 4.88 0.59 increased 6%, from 6.3M

* Figure includes population in besieged areas in September 2015

TURKEY

P Al-Hasakeh

Aleppo P

P P Ar-Raqqa Idleb

P Lattakia

P Deir-ez-Zor Hama P

02 P Tartous P Homs Mediterranean Sea

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

LEBANON

P Rural Damascus DamascusDamascus

UNDOF Administered Area P IRAQ Quneitra Dar'a P P As-Sweida

Number of people in need

JORDAN 241,001 - 1,066,000 109,001 - 241,000 52,001 - 109,000 23,001 - 52,000 707 - 23,000 Sparsely populated areas

Governorate Sub-district

Source: OCHA The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Now entering its sixth year, the conflict in Syria continues to all 18 besieged locations in Syria, in some cases multiple times take a drastic toll on the lives of the Syrian people and to drive (net total is 354,150). Nonetheless, bureaucratic hurdles continue an unprecedented humanitarian and protection crisis: some to hinder operations, while increased fighting has precluded 13.5 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance and access to a number of besieged areas in the last months due protection services, including 6 million children. Since 2011, as to difficulties securing humanitarian pauses. Cross-border entire neighbourhoods have been destroyed, over half of Syria’s operations continued largely unimpeded during the escalation of population has been displaced, often multiple times. With host conflict in January and February. Over recent months, however, countries now providing refuge to some 4.8 million Syrian the cross-border response has been affected – and in some cases refugees, the crisis is also having an immense social and economic temporarily suspended – due to developments along Syria’s impact on Syria’s neighbors. As refugee flows have increased, borders with Turkey, Jordan, and Iraq. Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan have increasingly restricted the Despite increased cross-line access to besieged and hard to reach admission to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands areas, the scale of needs in Syria remains overwhelming. Some TURKEY stranded on Syria’s borders in often desperate conditions. 6.7 million people are unable to obtain the basic food required

P Al-Hasakeh 2016 commenced with widespread hostilities across the country, to meet their needs and two thirds of the population do not which intensified in the lead up to political negotiations in have consistent access to safe drinking water. Access to essential Aleppo P February. After the “cessation of hostilities” agreement came services remains severely disrupted, with health facilities, into effect at the end of February, the level of conflict noticeably schools and other essential services operating at reduced P P Ar-Raqqa diminished in some areas and brought temporary respite to capacity or closed, despite ever-growing demand. A deep Idleb affected people, with the notable exception of Aleppo and economic recession, fluctuating national currency, unilateral Daraya. In addition, the combination of international support financial and economic coercive measures (sanctions), and P Lattakia through the International Syria Support Group and reduced disruption of markets have further contributed to extreme P Deir-ez-Zor fighting enabled increased cross-line humanitarian access to vulnerability of Syrians across the country. Unemployment Hama P besieged and hard-to-reach areas. As of April however, the has skyrocketed and, as people have exhausted their savings level of conflict gradually increased across areas covered by the and resources, an estimated one in three households have P 03 Tartous cessation of hostilities agreement, while operations against ISIL gone into debt. Child labour, early and/or forced marriage, P were stepped up. Throughout the reporting period, parties to and recruitment of children by armed groups have become Homs the conflict continued to impose punitive sieges and blockades, increasingly widespread. IDP settlements – a last resort in

Mediterranean Sea engage in disproportionate attacks against densely-populated Syria – have expanded, while living conditions therein have areas, and target civilians and civilian infrastructure, including deteriorated due to inadequate space and increased insecurity. SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC medical facilities, markets, bakeries, and schools. Humanitarian Despite a significant funding shortfall and a multitude of staff and warehouses were also severely affected. LEBANON challenges on the ground, the humanitarian community The temporary lull in hostilities and pause in aerial continues to respond to the critical need of crisis-affected P Rural Damascus DamascusDamascus bombardment between February and April led to a decrease of communities across Syria. On average, 5.7 million people have rapid-onset displacements, although an estimated 900,000 people been receiving monthly food assistance and up to 2.8 million UNDOF Administered were still forced from their homes or areas of residence in the last people have received some form of direct assistance in the last Area P IRAQ Quneitra six months. As of mid-2016, the estimated number of internally six months, including water, hygiene and sanitation supplies as Dar'a P displaced in country is 6.1 million people, down from 6.5 million well as support to agricultural production and other non-food P As-Sweida in October 2015. Alongside calls for greater international burden- items. A further estimated 5 million people have benefited from sharing, neighbouring countries have increasingly restricted service-oriented interventions, such as water purification and admission to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands on medical interventions, including over one million children Number of people in need Syria’s borders in deplorable conditions, including an estimated and youth, who benefited from learning and development 100,000 IDPs in Azaz and, according to Government of Jordan, programmes. A further one million people benefited from JORDAN 241,001 - 1,066,000 92,000 people at the ‘berm’, on Syria’s southeastern border with livelihood support and early recovery interventions. 109,001 - 241,000 Jordan. Meanwhile, in response to over one million new arrivals 52,001 - 109,000 Despite this progress, critical gaps remain: 125 sub-districts out on European shores in 2015, almost half of whom were Syrian, 23,001 - 52,000 of a total of 272 remain underserved, with very few actors able the European Union (EU) entered into a far-reaching agreement 707 - 23,000 to provide support, and 17 have not been reached at all with any with Turkey, which agreed to take back all “irregular migrants” Sparsely populated areas type of assistance in the last five months. In particular, coverage who cross to the Greek islands after 20 March. Governorate in ISIL-held areas in Deir-ez-Zor and Ar-Raqqa governorates has Sub-district Although the overall level of conflict across Syria has gradually remained limited and access to Al-Hasakeh is very challenging. increased since April, humanitarian access to people living There are also critical gaps in assistance to a growing number in besieged and hard-to-reach areas significantly improved of IDPs living in improvised settlements and there is a need to as compared to the same period in 2015. Notably, since the strengthen and sustain service delivery in many large population beginning of January until the end of June 2016, cross-line inter- centres and in areas where high percentages or concentrations of agency convoys reached a cumulative total of 649,585 people in IDPs are living with host communities. Syria Crisis in brief

In the coming six months, priorities will include sustaining and, upcoming winter planting season, and continuing efforts to if possible, increasing the scale of the response to all people sustain and restore access to livelihoods and scale up service in need, including IDPs; sustaining advocacy to lift all sieges delivery – including in the health, nutrition, and WASH sectors and to access and respond to the needs in besieged, militarily – in priority locations across the country. encircled, and other hard-to-reach areas, including responding In the absence of a viable peace and reconciliation process to the needs arising from the crisis in Aleppo; advocacy for providing affected populations with a chance to start rebuilding and response to the needs of the ever-larger number of IDPs their lives, and with the overall level of conflict again beginning and asylum seekers concentrating at Syria’s borders; providing to escalate across the country, a deteriorating economic situation, assistance and protection to the estimated 6 million children and the increased closure of borders by neighbouring states, the living through conflict and displacement in Syria, including humanitarian and protection situation in Syria is expected to through support to the back-to-learning campaign; delivering deteriorate further over the coming months. Preparedness efforts winterization assistance to growing populations unable to for a variety of possible scenarios will be crucial. access heating materials and adequate shelter; supporting the

SYRIA CRISIS IN BRIEF

KEY FACTS AND FIGURES

Upwards of 250,000 1.5M people living with disabilities More than half of public health people killed and over 1.2M care facilities are either closed or injured since the onset of the conflict (WHO) only partially functioning 6.1M people are internally displaced, including living in tented Over 11M people require health 04 BY JUNE 2016, OVER 4.8 1.7M MILLION SYRIANS HAD BEEN settlements and collective shelters assistance, including 25,000 REGISTERED AS PERSONS OF trauma cases per month CONCERN IN HOST COUNTRIES, PRIMARILY IN THE REGION Nearly 600,000 people are trapped in besieged areas, An estimated 60 per cent approximately of the pre-crisis health 60% 266,000 workforce has left the country Of those who stayed, 13.5M children people, including 6M children, Now estimated that vaccination need humanitarian assistance 4.88M in hard-to-reach coverage may have fallen to locations, 2.17M of them are below 50 per cent children 8.7M people have acute needs in multiple sectors Almost 300,000 pregnant women One in three people are unable are not receiving pre-natal and to meet their basic food needs obstetric care 2.1M children (nearly 40 per cent) are out-of-school, people lack access to schools are damaged, heightening vulnerability to child 2.4M 1 in 4 adequate shelter destroyed or occupied labour, early and/or forced marriage, and recruitment by armed Four out of five people live in poverty children under 5, pregnant groups; 3.1M and nearly one in three households is and lactating women are in need of indebted, due mainly to food costs preventive and curative nutrition services 450,000 are Palestine refugees, 2/3 of the population has no 95 per cent of whom 95% consistent access to safe water AGRICULTURE EXTENSION, VETERINARY are in continuous need of AND LIVESTOCK RELATED SERVICES humanitarian aid HAVE ALSO BEEN CRITICALLY DAMAGED Syria Crisis in brief

SUMMARY PEOPLE ‘COVERED’ JAN-MAY

SECTOR/CLUSTER PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE COVERED PEOPLE TARGETED % COVERED EXPLANATORY NOTE

n. of children and youth teachers and education personnel benefiting from quality EDUCATION 5.7M 1.1M 4.6M 24% education programmes

2.4M 0.16M 1.2M 14% n. of people benefiting from shelter support SHELTER

n. of people benefiting from non-food 5.3M 2.8M 5.3M 53% NON-FOOD ITEMS item kits

n. of children under five years, pregnant 3.1M 1.8M 1.9M 94.7% women and lactating mothers benefited from NUTRITION the nutrition programmes

5.7 million benefiting from regular monthly 6.4 million 7.5M 85% food assistance (90%) and 667,954 from FOOD SECURITY emergency food assistance (56%) 8.7M 05 This includes a combination of agriculture 0.92M 4.3M 21% inputs, backyard farming, livestock support, AGRICULTURE Income Generating Activities and services.

Reflects catchment population benefiting 12.1M 16.4M* 14.7M 112% WASH from water system repair/treatment

n. of IDPs tracked of which 320,000 received 6.5M 0.93M 3.2M 29% CCCM multisectoral assistance

n. of people benefiting from early recovery EARLY RECOVERY 9.2M 1.5M 3.6M 41% and livelihood activities AND LIVELIHOODS

n. of distinct protection interventions conducted through the sector’s prevention, 13.5M 3.6M 10.9M 33% PROTECTION response and capacity building activities

n. of medical procedures carried out 11.5M 7.3M 13M 56% HEALTH

* At the time of reporting, some sector data was only available for the period January-May; others for June. CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

been affected – and in some cases, temporarily suspended – due to KEY DEVELOPMENTS developments along Syria’s borders with Turkey, Jordan, and Iraq. 2016 started with an escalation of hostilities affecting, in particular, Notably, following an unprecedented vehicle-borne improvised Aleppo, Idlib, Hama, Lattakia and Dar’a governorates, where explosive devise (VBIED) attack on the Jordanian border guards hundreds of thousands of people were newly displaced at the at Rukban on Jordan’s north-eastern border with Syria on 21 height of conflict in February. As needs grew, humanitarian actors June 2016, the Government of Jordan (GoJ) sealed its entire were at times forced to periodically suspend day-to-day services northern border, resulting in the temporary suspension of cross- and/or adjust the modality of their delivery due to insecurity. border operations via Ramtha for almost an entire month. While operations are now expected to continue, the suspension has had a At the end of February, intensified political efforts - particularly considerable impact on affected people in the south of Syria. In little the Munich Conference – brought the nationwide “cessation of over a month, 16 health facilities ran short of essential medicines hostilities” agreement into effect, causing the level of conflict and up to 140,000 people were affected by the disruption of food to noticeably diminish in some areas and bringing temporary assistance. NFI stocks in southern Syria were all but exhausted. respite to people in those locations. Military operations against ISIL and the Al Nusra Front continued however, and, since April, Imports via agreed crossings also faced constraints during the the overall level of conflict began to rise gradually in areas which reporting period. For example, Nusaybin/Qamishli border crossing had witnessed relative calm in March. United Nations (UN) and was closed on 27 December 2015 due to security concerns on the the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) efforts to reduce Turkish side, impacting heavily upon humanitarian access to Al- violence resulted in brief and partial “regimes of silence” in Aleppo Hasakah governorate, leading the UN to plan a costly air-bridge and other affected areas. as a last resort. As of 30 June 2016, 2 out of 4 UNSC resolution- sanctioned border crossings were not operational. After a significant surge in new displacement in Dar’a and Aleppo governorates in January and February, an overall decrease in the Despite some encouraging developments, the situation remains level of conflict eased humanitarian needs in some locations in extremely fragile. Prospects for the coming period depend largely 06 March and early April, with the notable exception of Aleppo, on the results of the resumption of political talks, expected to take where conflict and targeting of humanitarians continued. Rapid- place in August 2016. onset, cyclical displacement due to conflict and, in particular, aerial bombardment diminished considerably in this period. Given the deplorable conditions throughout Syria and continued NEEDS ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS insecurity in many locations, however, a large number of Syrians The scale and scope of humanitarian needs in Syria have risen have continued to attempt to leave the country. Meanwhile, Turkey, in the last six months. New IDP movements and a deterioration Lebanon and Jordan have increasingly restricted admissions of their living conditions are significant, as is the increase in the to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands of Syrians number of people living in besieged and hard-to-reach areas. Three displaced stranded in volatile and remote border areas. With the key developments over the reporting period have also exacerbated humanitarian community now struggling to access and safely needs in particular areas, namely: the near-besiegement of the deliver assistance in some such locations, the humanitarian city of Aleppo; the congestion of Syrians at the southern border situation has in some cases become quite desperate. with Jordan; and the confinement of Syrians to a pocket near Overall however, humanitarian access to besieged and enclaved the northern border with Turkey, following advances by the GoS hard-to-reach areas within the country improved significantly and ISIL. In addition, the number of food insecure people has during the reporting period with 86 inter-agency convoys increased particularly in areas most affected by hostilities during undertaken to besieged and hard-to-reach locations against 50 the last months. in 2014 and 34 in 2015. Cross-border actors have also continued to provide significant support to these areas. Notably, there was 15 an improvement in the number of people reached with medical Million treatments in besieged and hard-to-reach areas. 12 Access to ISIL-held areas in Deir-ez-Zor and Raqqa governorates 9 remained circumscribed due to ISIL’s restrictive policy vis-à-vis humanitarian actors as well as insecurity, though alternative 6 modalities for aid delivery have continued to be employed in coordination with local actors, whenever possible. 3 Cross-border operations continued largely unimpeded during the escalation of conflict in January and February and were critical in 0

13-Apr 14-Apr 14-Jul 14-Oct 15-Apr 15-Oct 16-Jul delivering aid to affected people in Dar’a and Aleppo governorates. 13-Jan 13-Sep 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar 14-May 14-Jun 14-Aug 14-Sep 14-Nov 14-Dec 15-Jan 15-Feb 15-Mar 15-May 15-Sep 15-Dec 16-Feb 16-Mar 16-May

Exceptionally, over recent months, the cross-border response has PIN IDPs Refugees CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Increase of people in need in Besieged and Hard-to-reach areas In June 2016, the United Nations released a revised set of Madaya and Bqine, Duma, Harasta, Arbin and Zamalka, Kafr population figures for people living in besieged and hard- Batna, Ein Terma, Hammura, Jisrein, Saqba and Yarmuk and to-reach areas. According to this new analysis, there are (iii) the removal of Zabadin from besieged list, following the approximately 5.47 million people in need living in besieged Government of Syria’s retaking of the town. Reasons behind and hard-to-reach areas in Syria. These include 590,200 in the increase in the population estimated to be living in hard- 18 besieged locations and approximately 4.88 million in to-reach locations included: (i) the inclusion of Ain Al Arab hard-to-reach areas. The new figure represents an increase (northern Aleppo governorate), northern Ar-Raqqa, and of 103,500 people living in areas categorized as besieged northern and central Al-Hasakeh; (ii) the re-evaluation of compared to January 2016 (from 486,700 to 590,200) and an population estimates in northern rural Homs: Talbiseh, Ar- increase of 802,356 people living in areas categorized as hard- rastan, Ghanto, Taldu, and Harbanifse; Menbij; At Tall; and to-reach since January 2016 (from 4,074,042 to 4,876,398). communities in Eastern Ghouta. Meanwhile, areas removed The reasons behind the increase in the population living in from the hard to reach list included: Nabul and Zahra in besieged locations included: (i) the inclusion of Al-Wa’er Aleppo, Ziyara and some areas of As-Saan in Hama, Al-Wa’er, (Homs city) as a besieged location; (ii) the re-evaluation Tadmor and Qarytein in Homs, Kansaba and Rabee’a in of population estimates in Deir-ez-Zor, Foah and Kafraya, Lattakia and Yarboud in Rural Damascus.

OVERVIEW OF HARD-TO-REACH AND BESIEGED LOCATIONS

Çavuşkӧy- Ain Diwa 5.47 million people in need in ] Al-Malikeyyeh hard-to-reach areas and locations, Şenyurt- Nusaybin - Turkey Derbassiyeh Quamishli ] Amuda ] Qahtaniyyeh including 590,200 in besieged locations Musitpinar- Darbasiyah Jawadiyah ] Ain Al Arab Quamishli Islahiye- Ceylanpinar- Fishkhabour- Meydian-I-Ekbis Karkamis- ] Ras Al Ayn Simalka Jarablus ] Ain al ] ] Öncupinar- Arab Akçakale- Ras Al Tal Hmis ] Lower Bir Bab Al Salam Cobanbey- Tell Abyad Ain Tal Ya'robiyah Shyookh Elhilu Raju Bulbul Al-Ra'e Ghandorah ] Tamer Al Ya'rubiyah- Sharan Rabiaa' Suluk ] ] Sarin Tell ´ Sheikh Ma'btali Suran Ar-Ra'ee Menbij Abiad El-Hadid Tall Akhtrein Al-Hasakeh Legend Afrin Refaat A'rima Mare' Bükülmez- Jandairis Abu Hole Al Bab Ein Issa ] Atmeh Qalqal Border crossing open Tadaf Al-Hasakeh Cilvegözü ] Aleppo city (Sheikh Maqsoud) ] Border crossing sporadically open Bab El Hawa Rasm Haram El-Imam Al-Khafsa Areesheh Iraq ] Jurneyyeh Aleppo city Dayr ] Border crossing closed ] Aleppo Wihdeh Forty (eastern) Hafir Seven Dostluk Korprsu Maskana Shaddadah Border crossing authorised (Friendsh Foah Zarbah by UNSCR 2165, 2191 and 2258 Yayladağı- ip Bridge)- - Onaiza Allain Ar-Raqqa Kasab ] Kafraya 07 UNDOF administered area Karama ] ] Maar ]] Aşağipulluyazi- Besieged locations Kizicat- a ] Ein el-Bayd Mansura Maadan Samira Al-Thawrah Sabka Markada Hard-to-reach locations Topraktutan- Idleb Yunesiya Hard-to-reach areas Ehsem Tabni Kasra International Boundary Sur Governorate Boundary Madiq Kafr Khan Lattakia Shaykun Sub-District Boundary Castle Nabutha Tharwa Atshan Boundary of former Mandate Palestine Abul - Trut Deir-ez-Zor Kafr Murak Kusour Eastern Hart Muhasan Zeita Aniq Khasham Bajra Basira Hama Salba Deir-ez-Zor Kherbet Oqeirbat Eljame Tartous Al Mayadin Kherbet Akash Eljame Msheirfeh Harbanifse Thiban Aqrab Taldu Ashara Harbanifse Ar-Rastan Sokhneh Ar-Rastan Talaf Western Tiba Samalil Talbiseh Tal Dahab Kafr Tir Maallah Ghanto Tall Kalakh- Dar Laha Sheikh Jaber- Homs Burj 'Arida Kabira Hajin Western 'Arida Taldu Qaei ] Tiba ] ] Jalaa Homs Jusiyah- Abu Sosa Samalil Talbiseh Kamal Al Qaa ] ] Ghanto

Abu Kamal Tir Lebanon Al Qae'm- Maallah Dar Kabira Homs Al-Wa'er Ham- Sarghaya Esal Nasriyeh Sarghaya El-Ward Jirud Az-Zabdani Raheiba Ein ] Damascus Elfijeh Al Masnaa- Dhameer Rural Damascus At Tall Jdayadet Rural Damascus Yabous Deir Kherbet Elsawda Qanun Khan Kafr ] Ein Elshih Deir Hoor Khan Elshih Khabiyeh Kherbet Elshaara Betima Duma Elsawda At Tanf- Hina Tiba Al Waleed Kafr Al-Hama Harasta Hoor Misraba Nofur Kanaker Zakyeh Modira Durin Beit Hosh Qudsiya Um Batna Saber Abu Beit Kafr Elnofur Arbin Mazraet Qawooq Zamalka Sawa Shams Beit Jin Hammura Hezzeh Hosh Dar'a Nofur Kafr Maqrusa Al-Ashary Quneitra Sa'sa' Batna Eftreis Damascus Ein Saqba Kanaker Terma Jisrein Herfa Mahmadiyeh Ash-Shajara Abtaa Damascus (Al Qadam, Al Durin Isali, Burza, Qaboun, As-Sweida Jowbar, Tadamon, Tal Shihab- Joret Al Shribati) Yarmuk ] Sayda Definitions: Madamiyet Beit Tal Shihab Sahm Hard-to-reach area Elsham Darayya Dara- Moraba Babella ] An area that is not regularly accessible to humanitarian actors for the purposes of sustained humanitarian programming as a result of denial of access, including the need to negotiate Hajar Ar Ramtha Yalda ]] access on an ad hoc basis, or due to restrictions such as active conflict, multiple security checkpoints, or failure of the authorities to provide timely approval. Aswad AlNasib- lNasib- Besieged area AlNasib A Rural Damascus Jordan Jaber An area surrounded by armed actors with the sustained effect that humanitarian assistance cannot regularly enter, and civilians, the sick and wounded cannot regularly exit the area. CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Internally displaced persons of conflict in January and February – the total number of IDPs remains estimated at around 6. 1 million people - down from Between January and end of June, some 900,000 people fled 6.5 million people at the end of 2015. This reduction is likely their homes or areas of residence due to ongoing hostilities. due to returns of some short-term IDPs to their areas of origin The most affected locations included northern Azaz (some as soon as thr security situation allows and possibly due to some 180,000 IDPs) and the Menbij area in Aleppo governorate IDPs fleeing to neighbouring countries. Of these, an estimated (about 45,000 IDPs), Dar’a (70,000 new IDPs by the end of 1.7 million people live in camps, informal settlements, and February 2016), and Idleb governorate (more than 30,000 collective centres – a last resort, as the absorption capacity of in June alone). Moreover, in some areas where IDP sites had host communities has been exhausted – while many more have existed for several years, in part because they were considered sought refuge in damaged and unfinished buildings and are relatively safe, the security situation deteriorated significantly, considered among the most vulnerable in Syria today. In camps, causing secondary and tertiary displacement and exacerbating informal tented settlements, and collective centres, overcrowding vulnerability among affected groups. The most significant case is a major concern, and few sites have the capacity to absorb occurred in Azaz sub-district where, in February 2016, conflict additional IDPs. In January and February 2016, the surge in lines shifted and brought violence very close to existing IDP new displacement in southern Syria highlighted this profound sites, causing mass secondary displacement. Some 43,300 IDPs shortage of adequate shelter, to the extent that some people were moved from five settlements and their surroundings to areas forced to sleep on the streets, in shop fronts, in schools, and in in and around Bab Al Salam IDP settlements and Azaz town. damaged and unfinished buildings in harsh winter conditions. Additional IDP sites in Yamiddia, Lattakia governorate, and With many forced to leave their homes at short notice with little in Idlib governorate have been closed or rendered even more more than the clothes on their backs, IDP families also urgently unsafe due to their proximity to recent fighting. required protection, food, and NFIs, which the UN and NGOs Despite the significant new displacement which has taken place struggled to deliver alongside continued population movements since the beginning of 2016 – and especially during the height and heightened security concerns.

OVERVIEW OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (AS OF JUNE 2016) 08

TURKEY

Al-Hasakeh P Aleppo P Ar-Raqqa Idleb P P NUMBER OF IDPs Lattakia 15 - 15,000 P Deir-ez-Zor 15,001 - 44,000 P Hama 44,001 - 140,000 P 140,001 - 290,000 Tartous P 290,001 - 668,859 Homs P Areas with no or limited population

Mediterranean Sea Creation Date: 23 /08/ 2016 LEBANON Source:IDP task force IRAQ

UNDOF 1,360,065 administered Damascus OTHER area P DAMASCUS 668,859 JEBEL SAMAN 474,425 Quneitra P LATTAKIA 408,177 JARAMANA 288,445 As-Sweida DANA 284,220 Dar'a P P 232,945 JORDAN AT TALL QATANA 182,989 A'ZAZ 179,961 HAMA 134,202 The boundaries shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement HOMS 130,716 or acceptance by the United Nations.

CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Syrians stranded at the border water trucking resumed. On 29 June, the Government of Jordan approved a “one-off” distribution of food within the During the reporting period, neighbouring countries, settlements but, at the time of reporting, discussions around including Jordan, have increasingly restricted admission of the modalities of delivery were ongoing. The attack also Syrians to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands on impacted heavily on deliveries to southern Syria under UNSC Syria’s borders in deplorable conditions. resolution 2165/2258, with operations via Ramtha, further to As of the end of June 2016, according to Government of Jordan the west, suspended for the following five weeks. Illustrating estimates, 92,000 Syrians were residing or stranded at Syria’s the continued criticality of cross-border operations, within a south-eastern border with Jordan, including over 70,000 living month of the suspension of operations, 16 health facilities in in makeshift tented settlements at Rukban and over 15,000 southern Syria had run short of essential medicines and up at Hadalat.1 Available information indicates that one of the to 140,000 people had been affected by the disruption of food primary areas of origin of people arriving at Syria’s south- assistance. NFI stocks in the south were all but exhausted. eastern border with Jordan (the “berm”) are Aleppo, Hama In northern Syria, advances by the Government of Syria and and Homs, which have been the main theatres of conflict over ISIL in northern Aleppo concentrated some 180,000 IDPs the past six months. Large percentages have also arrived from along the border with Turkey. In February, GoS connected the ISIL-held Raqqa and Deir-ez-Zor governorates, where atrocities enclaves of Nubul and Zahra to areas further east, cutting off remain widespread. cross-border access via Bab al Salam to Aleppo City and points Following an unprecedented VBIED attack on the Jordanian further south and west and confining these IDPs in a small border command at Rukban on 21 June, the Government pocket in northern Azaz district. ISIL advanced westwards in of Jordan declared the country’s entire northeast a closed the same area in April, displacing some 40,000 people from military zone. As a result, humanitarian operations at Rukban camps in the Souran sub-district to Azaz and the Bab Al Salam and Hadalat were suspended and, as of the end of June, only border area. These IDPs remain at high risk as the border with Turkey has been closed to refugees, leaving people stranded.

Crisis in Aleppo ALEPPO - OVERVIEW OF HUMANITARIAN ACCESS (AS OF 9 AUG 2016) As of late January, intensified fighting in Aleppo –

Hayyan Bashkwi Tal Sheer Samaan Seifat Simaan the second largest urban centre in Syria – resulted Tamura Bashmra Tal Musallamiyeh in large-scale new and secondary displacement, Msebin 09 Little Andan Kafr prompting a scaled-up emergency response. Hilan Sheikh Muqbia Haritan Najjar

Kafr Al-Mallah Bssin Yaqed The escalation of hostilities forced partners Eladas Kafr Aleppo Sheikh Previous route Hamra d Zayat to periodically suspend day-to-day services Maaret oa to border crossing points Elartiq R Shamer Babis o ll te and/or adjust their modality of delivery. For s a C Hur Suleiman Al Halabi Water Pumping Station Afrin protection partners, this included moving Naqqarin Bshantara Kafr Dael Sifa community spaces underground. The repeated Rashideen Electrical Aleppo Tiyara Majbineh Sub Station Jebel Saman Bishqatine Sub-district halting of water pumping to Aleppo by ISIL and Legend the bombing of Ain Al Baida boosting station ·[ ´ 1070 Apartments Aleppo ·[ Civil airports Khan project International Main locality created significant threats to the water supply of Kafr Al-Asal Airport Naha Main roads Electrical transmission Ramousseh Other roads the entirety of the city. Most of the emergency center Tal Tal Hasel Shgheib United Nations hub h se Thabiyeh shallow water wells in eastern Aleppo are not s Hreibel ou m te Humanitarian supply route a ou Saqlaya Khan R R Ramousseh Route Tal Aran suitable for drinking purposes without treatment, tuman from UN croAsbsu border (last used aSlmfeiotast one month ago) due to faecal contamination. Insecurity along Previous route Terkan Wdeihi Haddadin from Damascus Tal Abur to Damascus (last used 7 August 2016) Castello Road, the only access route into eastern Qarras Aleppo City, closed the road intermittently in Fuel had been stockpiled as well, to power medical facilities, the first half of 2016. Cross-border partners prepared for the pump water, and serve bakeries. Rationing of supplies began potential encirclement of eastern Aleppo City and an inter- immediately. The humanitarian community is advocating cluster preparedness plan was put into effect. On 7 July, GoS for a humanitarian corridor for cross-border partners to and allied forces launched a large-scale offensive around the transport humanitarian assistance into the city, as well as for road, cutting off humanitarian access from Bab Al-Hawa cross-line deliveries. and the western Aleppo countryside to eastern Aleppo City. This left an estimated 200,000-300,000 people within the Beyond this, an inter-cluster response plan following events in area and with humanitarian assistance and commodities north-west Syria in May and June outlines planned response unable to get in. At the time the road was cut off, there was for six months for 560,000 people, including 160,000 IDPs enough food in eastern Aleppo City for at least 1,260,000 and 400,000 host community members, in Azaz, Afrin, people for one month and enough essential medical supplies and western Aleppo sub-districts and, potentially, Idleb for 4-5 months. Water supply through the network and governorate. This includes the recent encirclement of Menbij water trucking, and limited garbage collection continued. town in eastern Aleppo governorate.

1. Based on satellite imagery and consultations with community leaders, the humanitarian community estimates that the actual number of people located on Jordan’s northeastern border may be somewhat less than the official figure of 92,000 (50-60,000). CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Al-Hasakeh targeting. Critical WASH infrastructure, including the Ain AlBaida boosting station in Aleppo Governorate, was Over recent months, Qamishli, in Syria’s northeast, has seen attacked and destroyed, while parties to the conflict continued increased military confrontations as various groups have disputed to use water as a weapon of war. From January to May, the control over the area. Tensions grew in March, following the education sector registered 23 attacks on education facilities decision of the Democratic Union Party (PYD) to declare their throughout the country. Market places, bakeries, agricultural Self-Administration Government in order to establish a federal land, burning of standing crops before harvest and partners’ system in areas under their control. Following the announcement, warehouses were also targeted by parties to the conflict Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) authorities shut down leading to a massive loss of food items, assets and production all cross-border trade and most cross-border humanitarian and putting civilians and humanitarian staff’s lives at risk. deliveries, while restricting movement of civilians and enforcing an unofficial embargo on PYD-controlled territories. Following Two separate attacks on IDP settlements were also reported. this move, PYD officials released a reprisal announcement, stating On 5 May, two rockets struck Ghita’ al Ramah II camp, a they would also be enforcing trading restrictions on the KRG. As civilian IDP settlement in Idleb governorate housing 430 a result, adjacent borders were closed for almost three months families. 26 people were confirmed killed and 23 were injured. and whilst the border with KRG was partially re-opened during On 14 April, ISIL overran the IDP settlement in Ekkdeh, near Ramadan last June, political sensitivities between the two sides the border with Turkey in Aleppo governorate. Although of the border remain and continue to affect humanitarian access. no casualties were reported as the site had been temporarily This, combined with the presence of ISIL surrounding the area, evacuated prior to the attack, the settlement was razed to the has essentially led to the isolation of Al-Hasakeh governorate and ground, with the majority of tents burned. has made humanitarian access particularly challenging.

While resorting to local procurement and other very costly Market price dynamics and limiting alternatives, such as airlifts by the UN to Qamishli, the overall humanitarian situation in Al-Hasakeh Between January and March this year, prices of four key food has deteriorated significantly. Of particular concern is the items - flour, sugar, rice and lentils- increased in 53 out of 86 continuous influx of Iraqi refugees coming from Mosul in (61 per cent) sub-districts where information was available. Iraq – now estimated to be 10,000 in three refugee camps The highest increases were recorded in Deir–ez Zor city (282 10 - but also in the governorate’s main urban centres, where per cent), Qatana in Rural Damascus (211 per cent) Saraqab in large concentrations of IDPs and refugees can be found. In Idleb (103 per cent), Nashabiyeh in Rural Damascus (189 per its southern areas (Al-Hasakeh, Shaddadeh, Areesheh), basic cent), Ar-Rastan in Homs (83 per cent), Salkhad in As-Sweida food commodities are only available in limited quantities and (54 per cent) and Yu’robiyabin in Al-Hasakeh (52 per cent). at very high prices. WFP data also reveals that, compared to April 2015, nominal prices of wheat flour across the country increased by 51 per In light of preparations of new military offensives against ISIL cent, rice by 77 per cent, subsidized bread by 120 per cent, and in Mosul, humanitarian actors operating in north-east Syria shop bread by 43 per cent. This is in line with the escalating are increasingly concerned with the potential consequences, inflation of the Syrian Pound, which, in May 2016, reached which could include a further influx of Iraqi IDPs fleeing its lowest value since the start of the conflict. Some areas have Mosul and seeking refuge in Syria. A full offensive in Raqqa shown a decrease which could be attributed to the re-opening against ISIL could also lead to a wave of IDPs seeking refuge of markets and an improved supply of goods in areas less towards Al-Hasakeh. Considering current humanitarian affected by intense conflict. These changes in food prices have capacities and limited access, responding to these increased resulted in fluctuations in the cost of the Food Basket. needs pose a significant challenge. On the other hand, price monitoring data for the second quarter of 2016 revealed that the cost of the standard food Attacks on civilian public infrastructure basket in most besieged locations fell significantly as a result of the humanitarian assistance provided to these areas. In June, During the first half of 2016, attacks on civilians and civilian humanitarian access was granted to Darayya for the first time infrastructure continued, with various parties to the conflict since November 2012. In addition, the cost of the food basket disregarding International Humanitarian Law. The health fell by 78 percent (from SYP 480,750 in May to SYP 105,300 sector was particularly affected with 128 attacks on health in June) in neighboring Madamiyet El Sham. WFP’s airdrops facilities reported between January and June 2016, of which in Deir-ez-Zor City have also led to a fall in food prices: the 29 have been verified and 98 are in the process of verification. standard food basket costs 64.8 per cent less than it did in May. Some facilities were hit multiple times, or multiple facilities were hit in a single day. For example, on 30 May, a number The purchasing power of casual laborers (measured by Terms of airstrikes impacted the national hospital in Idleb city and of Trade) has been facing a sharp decline across the country. a nearby ambulance fleet, killing 50 people, wounding 250 For example, in April this year, casual labourers could buy others, and rendering the hospital temporarily inoperative. approximately 5.7 kg/wheat flour/day which is 12 per cent less than they could buy six months ago and 14 per cent less than Beyond health facilities, other critical public infrastructure April 2015. This is inevitably affecting the capacity of poor was destroyed due to indiscriminate attacks and deliberate Syrians to access basic sustenance goods. CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Increased food insecurity per cent increase). Overall, there are 716,171 people considered as people in need by the sector, bringing the total of people in High food and fuel prices, sudden onset as well as multiple need from 8.7 million to 9.4 million – this figure will inform secondary and tertiary displacements, restricted humanitarian food security and agriculture programming going forward. The access, weather conditions, poor food availability, crop governorates with the highest increase in needs as per the food failure, the depreciation of the Syrian Pound, and poor security indicators are Quneitra, Dar’a, Damascus, Idleb and food consumption and coping strategies have resulted in an Aleppo with pockets of substantial increase in needs in multiple increase in food insecurity across Syria. sub- districts across Syria. The largest overall increase of As such, the number of food insecure people has increased people in need in terms of absolute number is seen in Aleppo, from 6.3 million (as estimated in the 2016 HNO) to 6.7 million Damascus, Rural Damascus, Dar’a and Idleb. The largest overall (6 per cent increase). The number of people at risk of food increase in needs in terms of percentages is seen in Quneitra, insecurity has also increased from 2.4 million to 2.7 million (13 Dar’a, Damascus, Aleppo and Idleb.

CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 TOTAL % Increase in Food Insecure % Increase in Population Total People in Need Population at Risk of Food Insecurity (PIN) HNO 2016 Baseline, September 2015 6,351,016 2,383,925 8,734,941

MID-YEAR REVIEW June 2016 6,745,678 2,705,433 9,451,112

DIFFERENCE 394,662 321,508 716,171 % TOTAL INCREASE 6% 13% 8% 11

Of further concern regarding food security is a mixed According to the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian agricultural outlook for the upcoming season. Water Reform (MAAR) the November-May agricultural season shortages have severely compounded the impact of conflict on has seen a 34 per cent reduction in areas planted with wheat, local food production capacities – which, prior to the conflict, and a reduction of 15 per cent in areas planted with barley. had left Syria with an exportable agricultural surplus. Indeed, Preliminary results from MAAR show a remarkable decrease in below-average rainfall during key periods has significantly wheat production (1.3 million MT which is less than 50% of last reduced the harvest of some of Syria’s key agricultural areas, year’s production), even compared to the lowest level reached including the governorates of Aleppo, Hama, Idleb, Homs and in 2014. The full results from the harvesting season (completed Dar’a. Compounding this issue further, since the beginning mid-May) are expected shortly from the FAO/WFP Crop and of 2016, there has been a marked increase of burning Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) in Syria. agricultural land as a tactic of war.

CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 OVERALL % Increase in Food Insecure % Increase in Population % increase in Population in need of Population at Risk of Food Insecurity food security and livelihood assistance

Quneitra 46% 21% 40% Dar'a 15% 25% 19% Damascus 15% 15% 15% Idleb 12% 13% 13% Aleppo 6% 24% 12% Al-Hasakeh 6% 11% 7% Rural Damascus 7% 8% 7% Ar-Raqqa 7% 0% 7% Deir-ez-Zor 6% 0% 6% Lattakia 2% 2% 2% Homs 0% 3% 1% As-Sweida 1% 1% 1% Hama 0% 1% 0% Tartous 0% 0% 0% CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

FEATURE: CHILD LABOUR Given the multiple push and pull factors contributing to Amongst the many forms of violence and exploitation facing child labour, child protection and education actors cannot children in Syria, child labour is one of the most prevalent. meaningfully curb this trend alone. There is a need to Absolute numbers of children are not available, but the significantly scale up integrated child protection, education, indications are that the proportion of children affected is very cash, early recovery and livelihood programmes to address significant: of the 5.6 million children in need, 2.1 million child labour with an immediate focus on the Worst Forms of (nearly 40 per cent) are out of school, heightening the risk Child Labour such as recruitment and use by armed groups. of engagement in child labour. The widespread decimation Work is starting now, so far this year progress has been of livelihoods and the economy have put immense pressure made in improving coordination on this issue to enable the on families trying to survive – according to the IMF over development and implementation of responses including two thirds of Syrians are now living in extreme poverty, through mapping existing responses, evidence generation, unable to meet basic food and non-food needs. 2016 HNO addressing gaps in service provision, awareness raising with identified child labour as a key issue of concern in 55 per communities and advocacy to key influencers. In terms of cent of surveyed sub-districts. Persistent and extreme awareness raising, there has been immediate traction: one violence, forced displacement and family separation are ten-day campaign with multimedia products generated online also contributing factors: for the estimated 2.17 million debate amongst 24,715 Facebook users. On the issue of child children living in hard-to-reach areas and 260,000 children recruitment some child protection partners have commenced living in besieged areas in particular, the survival options are coordinating to provide specialised services for children at significantly reduced. The recent report of the UN Secretary- risk and those formerly associated with armed groups. General on Children and Armed Conflict reported high levels of recruitment and use of children (one of the Worst Forms NLG partners will continue to advocate for mainstreaming of Child Labour) by several parties to the conflict, noting responses to address child labour in other relevant sectors. that the proportion of children under the age of 15 affected Child labour is expected to be one of the priorities of the 2017 had increased significantly since the previous year; and that humanitarian response. payment of salaries was one of the pull factors. We now face 12 a situation where many children in Syria are engaged in economic activities that are mentally, physically or socially dangerous and which limit – or deny – their basic rights, including their right to education.

wellbeing and future of children and young people affected NO LOST GENERATION by these conflicts. These outcomes fall under three pillars: Launched in 2013, the No Lost Generation (NLG) is a Education, Child Protection, and Adolescent and Youth strategic framework for the responses to the Syria and Iraq Engagement. NLG provides a platform for key sectors to crises, embedded within existing planning and coordination collaborate in tackling issues with multiple root causes structures, and bringing together key partners to achieve and consequences, one of which is the urgent and growing agreed outcomes essential for the education, protection, problem of child labour inside Syria. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE

The 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan was elaborated with a made to identify and reach those most in need - particularly view towards harnessing humanitarian efforts to achieve three in besieged areas, displaced people and host communities, key objectives: saving lives and alleviating suffering through and those living in areas impacted by ongoing hostilities. increased access to people in need; enhancing protection Despite widespread challenges, partners were generally able and building national humanitarian response capacities; and to maintain and, in some cases, expand their support to basic building the resilience of affected people, communities and service delivery across the country and to increase efforts to services as well as restoring livelihoods. preserve or restore livelihoods and thereby prevent protection During the first half of 2016, humanitarian partners risks linked to increased poverty and the exhaustion of continued to deliver life-saving assistance and reach millions positive coping mechanisms. of people in need from within Syria and from across its The below presents the highlights of achievements to date. borders to achieve these objectives. Significant efforts were

Strategic Objective One: Saving lives and alleviating suffering

People reached across life-saving interventions short of the total number of children requiring immunizations considering the grave decline in vaccination rates. In addition, Based on the Humanitarian Needs Overview, the 2016 an accelerated nationwide multi-antigen immunization Humanitarian Response Plan estimated 8.7 million people to campaign targeting children that have not been reached by be in acute need of multi-sectoral humanitarian assistance. the routine immunization programme because of the ongoing 13 As of mid-2016, 6 million people – out of 7.5 million targeted conflict was launched during the reporting period reaching over for food assistance – have been reached. Of these, 5.7 million one million children. At the time of reporting, the campaign have benefited from regular monthly food assistance, while is still ongoing and children will need to be administered with the remainding 666,954 people received emergency food three doses of the antigens. assistance (see IDP section, below). Overall, 8 million people also benefited from direct WASH Some 557,000 children under five were screened for acute assistance including the provision of essential hygiene items, malnutrition and the 7,430 children identified during screening water trucking, household level water purification and emergency as suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or moderate water and sanitation infrastructure. A further 2.8 million were acute malnutrition (MAM) received specialised treatment. As reached by vector control measures such as insecticide spraying a means of prevention, 230,300 pregnant women and children and distribution of mosquito nets. The sector also started the under five also received micronutrient supplementation introduction of water safety plans at community and water (22 per cent of target). Whilst delivery of micronutrient vendor level, including intense community mobilization, supplementation was insufficient, it was complemented by the covering 500,000 people, and implemented WASH in schools delivery of Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) which programmes benefitting 140,000 students. benefited 837,700 children (92 per cent of target) for months Much of the above-mentioned support was focused on through health facilities’ nutrition centres and a network of besieged and hard-to-reach locations and aimed at supporting community outreach teams. IDPs and host populations – as per sections below. Over 7 million medical procedures were carried out by health sector partners (56 per cent of the 13 million annual target) - including out-patient consultations; trauma cases; and assisted Delivering assistance to besieged and hard-to-reach locations births. Most of these took place in the areas most heavily The first six months of the year saw a sharp increase in the level impacted by ongoing hostilities (such as Aleppo, Idlib, Rural of assistance reaching people living in besieged and hard-to-reach Damascus, Dar’a, and Homs). The health sector also dispersed locations - albeit from an extremely low 2015 baseline - in large part over 7.7 million treatment courses throughout health facilities due to a significant increase in Government approvals of inter- across the country (37 per cent of 21 million annual target). agency cross-line convoys. For the first time since the crisis, all 18 Progress was made in expanding vaccination coverage, with besieged locations were reached, at least once, through inter-agency 83,399 children under 5 receiving DPT3 vaccination (55 per convoys supplementing cross-border assistance to these areas. cent of target). This constitutes a significant improvement in the percentage of children being immunized, but still falls far Assistance provided by the United Nations through cross-line or Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

cross-border deliveries benefited millions of people in need (PIN) Multi-sectoral assistance to IDPs - as per table below - in hard-to-reach areas with an average per month of: 430,000 people with food (9.4 per cent of PIN); 667,954 newly displaced people benefited from emergency 545,000 people with medical treatment (11.9 per cent of PIN); food assistance (short-term support of 2-4 weeks through 142,000 people with NFI (3.1 per cent of PIN) and 212,000 people reduced food baskets, Ready-to-Eat rations and cooked with WASH interventions (4.6 per cent of PIN). An average of meals) provided by the food security and agriculture sector. 150,000 people were reached monthly in besieged areas, 28 per This includes repeated targeting of people who have been cent average compared to 1.4 per cent average of people reached displaced multiple times to different locations. in besieged areas throughout 2015. The percentage of people 361,600 IDPs living in planned camps, informal tented reached in hard to reach areas remained similar to that of last year settlements, transit camps and collective centres benefited at around 8 per cent. from multi-sectoral assistance during the reporting period. As part of the broader effort to reach besieged and hard-to-reach CCCM sector members were able to respond to the food (74 locations, a total of 86 inter-agency convoys were undertaken per cent coverage), WASH (81 per cent coverage), and shelter between January and June 2016, compared to 50 in 2014 and 34 in (60 per cent coverage) needs of these IDPs. The sector was 2015. A cumulative total of 1,540,010 people in need were reached also able to respond to the needs of an additional 125,374 with multi-sectorial assistance (649,585 in besieged locations, IDPs settling in 23 newly created informal tented settlements. 840,425 in hard-to-reach locations, 50,000 in priority cross-line IDPs in both shelters and within the community have also areas) since the beginning of the year until 30 June through these been regularly targeted with preventive nutrition services inter-agency convoys. An additional 15,000 people in hard-to- such as supplementation of micronutrients, Lipid-based reach locations have been reached with medical supplies since nutrients, High Energy Biscuit and promotion and counselling the beginning of the year (or a net total of 941,825 beneficiaries services while providing curative nutrition services including -354,150 in besieged areas, 537,175 in hard-to-reach areas, 50,000 identification and management of acute malnutrition. While in priority cross-line areas - many more than once during the year). communities with high numbers and/or concentrations of IDPs continued to be prioritized for regular monthly food Improvements in the sharing of location-level data during the assistance, basic good and service delivery efforts by all reporting period also provided increased visibility on deliveries sectors, further support is needed to such areas over the to besieged locations and enabled greater coordination coming period to ensure timely delivery of supplies and 14 between the cross-border and cross-line response. Notably, expanded and sustained service delivery. This will be aided potential complementarity between cross-line and cross-border by enhanced tracking of new population movements at the actors’ efforts in the health sector in besieged areas became Whole of Syria level through mechanisms established in the identifiable, with cross-border actors and cross-line actors first part of 2016. providing, inter alia, a growing number of medical procedures and a growing number of treatment courses, respectively. Nonetheless, monitoring reports indicate that needs in Pooled fund allocations to national partners besieged and hard-to-reach areas remain particularly acute The 2016 HRP aimed to reinforce the response capacity and, over the coming months, sustaining advocacy to lift all of national humanitarian actors. As such, allocations of sieges and to access and enable scaled up and more predictable country-based pooled funds were to increasingly prioritize response to the needs in besieged, militarily encircled, and support to national actors and reach a 50 per cent target. Mid- other hard-to-reach areas will remain a top priority. year, only 23.3 per cent of pooled fund allocations so far have benefited national partners.

# % REACHED H2R REACHED BSG LOCATIONS LOCATIONS REACHED REACHED

Sector Food Health NFI WASH

Month # H2R # Bsgd # % # % # % # % # %

Jan 4.6mil 486,700 238,800 5.2 119,000 2.6 99,600 2.2 587,900 12.8 61,000 12 % 32 of 154 21% Feb 4.6mil 486,700 359,000 7.8 294,000 6.4 160,000 3.5 65,882 1.4 150,000 31% 48 of 154 31% Mar 4.6mil 486,700 364,800 8.0 623,500 13.6 155,700 3.4 176,700 3.9 102,125 20.9% 66 of 154 43% Apr 4.6mil 486,700 625,500 13.6 675,923 14.7 168,840 3.7 165,869 3.6 204,250 41.9% 68 of 154 44% May 398,000 8.7 841,000 18.3 60,000 1.3 128,350 2.8 130,000 21% 55 of 154 36% June 5.47 mil 517,700 590,000 12.9 715,000 15.6 210,000 4.6 150,000 3.3 237,800 40.3% 64 of 154 41% Average 590,200 9.4 11.9 3.1 4.6 28% 36% Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

Strategic Objective Two: Enhancing protection and building national humanitarian capacities

Protection response Building national humanitarian capacities Over the last six months, 3,640,200 protection interventions The protection sector has focused on improving protection were carried out in 172 sub-districts across Syria. Protection training to humanitarian actors. So far this year, there sector partners reached 12 of the 18 besieged locations in have been 166 training activities conducted. Two new 2016. 79 per cent of all protection interventions occurred in programmes have been initiated to improve protection locations ranked as severity 4 and 5 in the 2016 Humanitarian training for humanitarian actors: The first programme - Needs Overview. 50 per cent of the protection response the Protection Mainstreaming Task Force PRoMMS tool occurred in the four Governorates of Rural Damascus, Initiated by the Global Protection Cluster - aims to develop a Damascus, Aleppo and Idleb, with almost 700,000 reached stronger operational understanding of the principles of non- in Rural Damascus alone. As a result of these efforts, discrimination, meaningful access, empowerment and ‘do no 357,477 children were reached with community-based child harm.’ A pilot phase is ongoing targeting six agencies providing protection and psychosocial support programmes; 28,358 health, S/NFI and FAS services in Syria. Sector members women, girls, men and boy survivors of GBV were reached have initiated a capacity-building programme open to NGOs through specialized services and 1,680,840 people received working in all sectors to strengthen protection capacity. In education on the risks posed by unexploded explosive devices. southern Syria, a second training programme aims to build the Monitoring of grave child rights violations, as mandated by capacity of NGOs to monitor protection issues in their daily the UN Security Council, is continuing with close to 750 work, and thus contribute towards a community protection- violations verified to have taken place since January. Killing monitoring network. From Damascus, a task force has been and maiming of children continues to be the most frequent formed to streamline protection mainstreaming, with NFI, reported violation as a result of the conduct of hostilities by Health, FAS and Education sectors analyzing protection gaps all parties to the conflict, followed by recruitment and/or use and developing guidelines specific to the response. HLP is an 15 of children by all parties to the conflict. agreed focus of protection and shelter, in light of returns and reconstruction when and where the conditions permit. Protection monitoring is being strengthened in 2016 across Syria to address real time gaps in information and improve emergency protection response. Programmes are currently Mainstreaming protection in the humanitarian response modest, but continue to grow. Community Centres and other community-based initiatives are used to identify protection In an effort to improve ‘do no harm’ and conflict-sensitive needs; improved monitoring of the situation following local programming, protection policy and guidance was developed truces is also allowing sector members to devise protection by the protection sector to guide the humanitarian response. responses where access may become possible. In addition, Examples include the development of guidance to operational two new initiatives in the south improved the quality and partners on humanitarian evacuations, protection of civilians timeliness of protection-related information. One is a stranded at the border, and civilians on the move. Protection protection monitoring project, the other a rapid response staff are now regularly participating in inter-agency (IA) mechanism. Both will monitor protection indicators, follow convoys, something that has proved critical to improve the new displacements and provide information concerning understanding of issues affecting civilians in besieged and immediate humanitarian needs. So far, 72,173 protection hard-to-reach locations. Protection is also a standing agenda monitoring interventions were conducted, inclusive of house item in HCT discussions. visits, community visits, issues recorded and safety audits. In the first half of 2016, the protection monitors completed a study on civil documentation in southern Syria, which will be used to inform programming in the latter half of 2016. The protection sector anticipated improved reporting from these initiatives. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

Strategic Objective Three: Strengthening service delivery and resilience

The 2016 HRP underscored the humanitarian community’s restoration. In addition, an integrated rehabilitation programme recognition of the importance of strengthening the resilience targeting people with disabilities, whereby various services of affected communities, households and individuals through (including disability aids, physiotherapy and livelihoods support) measures, which protect and restore livelihoods, enable access reached 864 people with disabilities. to essential services and rehabilitate infrastructure. In February Despite progress in delivering targeted livelihood interventions 2016, partners at the London Pledging Conference re-affirmed during the reporting period, restoring and sustaining access to the importance of promoting a resilience-oriented approach livelihoods and income-generating opportunities, especially and advocated more support to livelihoods inside Syria. among vulnerable groups, remains an immense challenge in Syria. Continued efforts to expand livelihood programming, building upon successful pilots implemented over the past six People in need supported with livelihoods months, are recognized as critical in the coming period. interventions During the reporting period, a number of sectors made substantive efforts to build resilience and restore access to People in need with increased access to basic social services livelihoods. For example, food security and agriculture sector Following the London Conference, an increase in funding partners reached almost one million people (out of 4.3 million for early recovery activities was noted, compared to previous targeted) with livelihood interventions. These included the years (32.7 per cent funding). As a result, progress was distribution of seeds and agricultural inputs to 59,899 households made in enhancing service delivery and basic community in 66 sub-districts in 8 governorates. As per the seasonal calendar, infrastructure across sectors. Notably, ERL sector partners it is expected that this activity will be further scaled up during supported 1,478,360 people with better access to basic and July and August to meet the winter planting season. As of May, 16 social infrastructure and services. FAS partners had also provided inputs to support backyard food production (e.g. vegetable seeds and pesticides) to 26,013 IDP Significant progress was also made in strengthening service and resident households in six governorates. Support for asset delivery in specific sectors. For example, Protection sector building and production of small livestock was provided to partners delivered 41,846 Mental Health and Psychosocial 7,458 households in 8 governorates and FAS partners provided Support Services (MHPSS), in conjunction with 331,676 animal feed and drugs to 35,458 households, enabling over socio-economic and 47,535 material support interventions. In one million animals to be treated or vaccinated. A number of addition, since the end of 2015, the number of new community partners provided income generating activities support to 17,105 centres has increased from 30 to 51; outreach volunteers households to help enhance income generating capacity. Finally, from 520 to 1,200; and 15 women’s safe spaces have become 6,620 households in 13 sub-districts benefitted from cash-for- operational, allowing partners to address needs in a more work activities. comprehensive way. The early recovery sector also focused on specific measures While attacks on health facilities and access constraints to promote early recovery and resilience and/or restore access often undermined or constrained their efforts, Health and to livelihoods. These were implemented in 10 governorates; Nutrition sector partners also made considerable efforts to activities included debris and waste management services and strengthen health and nutrition services during the reporting socio-economic support to small and medium sized enterprizes (SMEs) and self-reliant, crisis-affected groups, with particular rehabilitation and livelihood interventions to support people with disabilities, female- headed households and other vulnerable Over three in four Syrians are now living in groups. In total, 13,719 people received livelihood support; poverty, unable to obtain the basic food needed to and 6,607 jobs were created in infrastructure rehabilitation and meet their needs

THE CONFLICT HAS HAD A Livelihoods have been devastated 65 percent of households CATASTROPHIC IMPACT ON THE across sectors. Over half the have incurred debt over the 65% ECONOMY, EXACERBATING THE working age population is now last 12 months - almost all EXTREME VULNERABILITY OF unemployed, with loss of income borrowed from family, PEOPLE ACROSS THE COUNTRY affecting millions of dependents friends or community members. The main reason that people borrowed was to access food. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

period. As mentioned, above, the Health Sector carried out, in alia, 7.3 million medical procedures, dispersed 7.7 million KEY GAPS treatment courses, increased immunization coverage and Despite the humanitarian community’s continued efforts trained 8,485 health care workers. Meanwhile, alongside other to deliver assistance to people in need across Syria, critical activities, the Nutrition Sector screened 557,450 children gaps remain. 125 sub-districts out of a total of 272 remain under five for acute malnutrition, referring all identified cases underserved and 17 sub-districts have not been reached at of malnutrition to therapeutic or supplementary feeding all in 2016. Meanwhile, the 1.7 million IDPs now living in programmes for treatment, provided 230,312 pregnant women camps, improvised settlements, and collective centres and and children under five with micronutrient supplementation, the hundreds of thousands concentrated at Syria’s borders and reached 251,052 pregnant and lactating women with have ever-growing humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities. In counselling and awareness raising on breastfeeding and large population centres and areas hosting large numbers and complementary feeding. In parallel, over 2,499 health workers concentrations of IDPs, stepped-up service delivery is needed. were trained on appropriate infant and young child feeding In addition, since late January, intensified fighting in Aleppo (IYCF) and community management of acute malnutrition – the second largest urban centre in Syria – has demanded (CMAM) practices. a scaled-up emergency response, while the escalation of Finally, during the reporting period, the Education sector hostilities has created severe access constraints and forced reached a total of 1,130,440 people including 1,092,305 children humanitarian actors to periodically suspend day-to-day and youth (52 per cent girls and 48 per cent boys), 46,668 services and/or adjust modalities of delivery. Palestine refugees, 93,312 children in besieged areas; 263,833 children in hard-to-reach areas and an additional 38,135 teachers and education personnel. Training was provided THE WAY FORWARD to 4,364 teachers on the main core academic subjects, class management methodology, and the INEE Minimum Standards In the coming six months, the humanitarian community’s (MS) for Education in Emergencies while incentives were key cross-cutting priorities will include: (i) sustaining and, provided to 8,461 teachers as a way to reinforce motivation and wherever possible, increasing life-saving and life-sustaining increase job satisfaction and retention. humanitarian assistance to all people in need, particularly in conflict affected areas; (ii) sustained advocacy to lift all Number of socio-economic infrastructures supported sieges and to access and respond to the immense needs in 17 or restored besieged, militarily encircled, and other hard-to-reach areas, Efforts were also made in the rehabilitation of social as well as responding to needs arising from the crisis in infrastructure. The WASH sector continued its support to Aleppo; (iii) working in close collaboration with humanitarian maintaining public infrastructure and, during the reporting partners in the region to address the ever-growing needs period, supported 709 water and sewage systems, benefiting and vulnerabilities among IDPs and asylum seekers at Syria’s an estimated 16.4 million people living in catchment areas. borders, where conditions are often deplorable; (iv) scaling 2,793 classrooms, including child and gender friendly WASH up service delivery in priority locations, particularly with facilities, were also rehabilitated across the country as well as regards to health (completing the immunization campaign 20 health care facilities. The NFI/Shelter sector also looked and responding to medical emergency needs) and support to to improve housing and community/public infrastructures, water supply systems; (v) providing assistance and protection through support to owners/tenants to sustainably repair/ to the estimated 6 million children living through conflict and rehabilitate their housing (materials, cash, voucher, cash-for- displacement in Syria, including through support to the back- work, local hire, etc.). During the reporting period however, to-learning campaign; (vi) delivering assistance to growing only 590 people, with the sector facing constraints to access populations unable to access heating materials and adequate and insecurity, among other challenges. shelter through the cold winter months; and (vii) continuing efforts to sustain and restore access to livelihoods doubling For the infrastructure sector in general, power supply is efforts to support the upcoming winter planting season. With certainly the main constraint to continued service delivery. the overall level of conflict now beginning to increase across the Supplementary power via generators is extremely expensive. country, strengthened preparedness efforts are also essential. Further, both the cost, as well as donors and government restrictions, do not allow sectors to engage in the support To strengthen its approach to targeting and vulnerability to needed to provide to operation and maintenance (O&M) to ensure that vulnerable groups are better identified and that scale. This, together with high local market prices and limited their access to assistance – where gaps exist – is facilitated. goods in the local markets as well as insecurity and access restrictions, have remained a key limitation to infrastructure rehabilitation efforts. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

Indicators: Targets vs. Results to date

SO 1

INDICATOR IN NEED BASELINE TARGET RESULT STATUS (2016) (2015) (2016) JAN-JUNE

% of targets met across life-saving interventions 13.5 mil 8.7 mil % of people reached with multi-sector 354,150 390,000 - 390,000 On track – 95 per cent achieved humanitarian assistance in besieged locations (net)

% of people reached with multi-sector 620,565 537,175 13 per cent (Gap of 87% to reach 4,1 mil - humanitarian assistance in hard to reach locations (incl. bsg) (net) PIN)

% of IDPs receiving multi-sectoral assistance Gaps – but data incomplete due 6.5 mil 3.2 mil 361,600 to reporting difficulties

Combined per cent of country-based pooled fund 23 per cent (Gap of 27% to reach disbursements allocated to national humanitarian 0 50% 23.3% PIN) actors

SO 2

INDICATOR IN NEED BASELINE TARGET RESULT STATUS (2016) (2015) (2016) JAN-JUNE

# of interventions providing protection case referral, risk mitigation, or prevention services, 13.5 mil 197,477 10.89 mil 3,640,200 mil 33 per cent (Gap of 67 per cent) including community-based, psychosocial, GBV, HLP, and child protection responses 18 # of national actors reached by capacity building initiatives to implement protection responses, N/A N/A 12,841 people 12,841 On track - 72 per cent including protection mainstreaming, risk mitigation and front line response across all sectors

SO 3

INDICATOR IN NEED BASELINE TARGET RESULT STATUS (2016) (2015) (2016) JAN-JUNE

% of people in need supported with livelihood 10 mil 17 per cent 32 per cent 26% 26 per cent (Gap of 74 per cent) interventions % of people in need with increased access to basic 10 mil - 1,850,000 1,478,360 On track - 79 per cent social infrastructure and services: - # of boys and girls (6-59 months) who receive Lipid based nutrient 1,830,499 437,823 915,249 700,000 Overachieved - 76 per cent supplement (LNS) - % of school-aged children (boys and girls – 5-17 years) enrolled in formal and non-formal Xxx xxx xxx 60 per cent On track - 60 per cent education # of socio-economic infrastructure supported: - # of classrooms established, expanded or Xxx xxx xxx 2,512 rehabilitated - # of socio-economic infrastructures supported 8.7 mil xxx TBC xxx and/or restored - # of WASH systems rehabilitated/supported Xxx xxx xxx 709 - # health facilities rehabilitated and/or - 300 20 6.6 per cent (Gap of 94 per cent) reinforced Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

PROGRESS MADE IN CROSS-CUTTING COMMITMENTS

Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA): cent of the food response and 23 per cent of the livelihood response in the Food Security and Agriculture sector. Partners Strengthening the protection of beneficiaries and vulnerable are also increasingly exploring and implementing multi- community members from sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) in sectoral cash initiatives. Syria continues to be a top priority across hubs. Addressing these concerns remains challenging within the Syrian context due to Approaches differ; in the south, for example, a number of lack of access and ability to adequately monitor the situation. As organisations are now providing vouchers redeemable for: (a) a result, the focus of activities so far has been to raise awareness cash, with a designated cash exchange and transfer (hawala) through training of humanitarian personnel and to expand the agent; or (b) fresh produce, with a designated vendor (which, network of qualified female-staffed social counseling teams, in turn, can cash them at a designated cash exchange and deployed within the community centres and outside to ensure transfer agent). In situations where humanitarian actors cannot culturally acceptable mitigating measures. Accompanying reach communities to distribute assistance, cash and voucher measures for international and Syrian NGOs have been put in programmes have also been utilized, although due emphasis place to help them deliver the eight point action plan on PSEA has been placed on ensuring appropriate assessments and and the recruitment of a full-time PSEA coordinator to act as a ongoing monitoring mechanisms are in place to avoid doing resource person and facilitate the establishment of a complaints, harm. Vouchers incorporate security features to mitigate against investigations, and referral mechanism is now underway. forgery and fraudulent design (e.g. holograms, which distort when photocopied or scanned, raised silicon designs and subtle differences in certain printing areas) and barcodes enable their Accountability to Affected Population (AAP): electronic tracking from the point of distribution to the point of exchange. Indeed, new technologies have enabled humanitarian Over the reporting period, humanitarian actors in different actors in Syria to utilize cash and voucher modalities with hubs increasingly looked at ways to strengthen AAP and, in ever-growing confidence. Nonetheless, challenges to rolling particular, to establish more effective programme monitoring, out and expanding cash transfer programming in Syria remain, feedback, and complaints mechanisms. To date, efforts remain including the need to ensure access to functioning markets, limited – due to contextual difficulties. Nevertheless, efforts and perceptions among donors and governments in the region 19 are being pursued through various modalities such as Third that cash and voucher programming carries greater risk than Party and Remote Monitoring. For example, from Jordan, other types of assistance - though experience to date suggests various partners conduct post-distribution surveys to ascertain that, while it carries certain different risks, cash and voucher levels of satisfaction with assistance received and 40 per cent assistance is not less secure than in-kind deliveries. of agencies have established a Whatsapp hotline or other mechanism through which beneficiaries can report fraud, waste While determining the best modality of delivery to or abuse, or other issues around fairness and transparency. At communities in Syria involves countless considerations, the inter-agency level, partners are now looking at collating both global good practices and Syria-specific examples have existing materials from experienced cross-border partners and illustrated how multi-sectoral cash transfer programming extrapolating good practices around programme monitoring places beneficiaries’ needs and voices at the forefront, providing and AAP, which can be shared across the community. them with the flexibility to choose to prioritize some needs over others. There is also strong added value in using a market-based approach to strengthen the quality of assistance provided to the Multi-sectoral cash programming households – for instance, when partners in Syria embarked on in-kind distributions of clothing for children during the winter To date, the majority of assistance in Syria has been delivered months, it was very difficult to ensure the correct sizes were in-kind and both sectoral and multi-sectoral cash assistance made available for each family. Beneficiary feedback indicates has remained relatively small in scale – in 2015, cash that many people prefer to receive cash assistance over NFIs represented only 6-7 per cent of the total response for the that do not always meet family needs and, despite perceptions Food Security and Agriculture Sector. of risk around cash programming, in-kind distributions often Since the beginning of 2016, however, there is an interest come with the same or greater risk. For example, in southern among cross-border partners and donors to expand both Syria, some beneficiaries are reported to have sold or traded conditional and unconditional cash transfer programming in-kind assistance on the black market in order to generate cash in Syria to complement (but not replace) in-kind assistance. to meet other needs or facilitate loan repayments. To this end, building upon feasibility studies and market To facilitate operational coordination between actors engaged assessments, many partners have recently initiated or in cash transfer programmes, dedicated technical working expanded multi-sectoral cash and voucher initiatives. groups have been established in Jordan and Turkey, bringing Available information indicates that, across Syria, cash and together INGOs, SNGOs, donors and UN agencies (as voucher programming now represents 12.5 per cent observers). Most agencies engaged in cash programming also of the overall response in the NFI/Shelter sector and 7 per coordinate their activities through sector working groups. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

2.1 million children remain out of school and a further KEY GAPS AND PRIORITIES 1.4 million are at risk of dropping out. Improving the Despite progress made, significant gaps remain both quality of education through teacher training and sustained geographically and in every sector. Faced with multiple programming in schools remains a challenge (only 13 percent challenges and severe funding constraints, humanitarian of target met). Access to learning materials and supplies is low actors have been forced to prioritize live-saving interventions, with only 15 percent of the targeted children having received which have had the highest reach in terms of numbers. In text books and school supplies. The 2016-2017 back to school turn, access issues and funding limitations have hampered campaign will start shortly targeting 2 million children. preventive actions and efforts to restore livelihoods and much Over the remaining six months, as an unimaginable needed socio-economic infrastructure. humanitarian and protection crisis continues to unfold on the Important geographic coverage gaps remain: 125 ground, the humanitarian community in Syria will strive to sub-districts out of 272 remain under-served, with very few address the most crucial gaps in the response, including: actors able to deliver requisite assistance. A further 17 sub- • sustaining and, wherever possible, increasing life-saving districts have not been reached with any type of assistance in and life-sustaining humanitarian assistance to all people in the last five months. In particular, coverage in ISIL-held areas need, particularly in conflict affected areas; in Deir-ez-Zor and Raqqa governorates has remained limited and access to Al-Hasakeh has remained challenging - and • sustained advocacy to lift all sieges and to access and grown even more so since adjacent borders were closed three respond to the immense needs in besieged, militarily months ago. In an effort to ensure lifesaving assistance reached encircled, and other hard-to-reach areas, as well as these locations, as measure of last resort, the UN commenced a responding to needs arising from the crisis in Aleppo City; series of high-altitude air drops to Deir-ez-Zor City on 10 April • working in close collaboration with humanitarian partners and airlifts from Damascus to Qamishly on 9 July. Nonetheless, in the region to address the ever-growing needs and coverage in these areas, along with Raqqa governorate, remains vulnerabilities among IDPs and asylum seekers at Syria’s inadequate, with many sub-districts only reached by one sector borders, where conditions are often deplorable; or not reached at all. • scaling up service delivery in priority locations, particularly There are also critical gaps in the provision of with regards to health – completing the immunization 20 assistance to IDPs, especially those living improvised campaign and responding to medical emergency needs - as settlements, overcrowded collective centres, and damaged and well as support to water supply systems. unfinished buildings. 56 per cent of IDP collective shelters remain underserviced with only one off support delivered • providing assistance and protection to the estimated 6 million in the past 6 months. Serious gaps also persist in the shelter children living through conflict and displacement in Syria, response – particularly at household level - with only 13 per including through support to the back-to-learning campaign; cent of the 1.2 million people targeted for assistance reached. • delivering assistance to growing populations unable to Capacity gaps in specialized protection services – including access heating materials and adequate shelter through the GBV, legal protection and HLP also continue to be a key bitterly cold winter months; challenge to protection response • continuing efforts to sustain and restore access to Sustained preventive and therapeutic service delivery livelihoods doubling efforts to support the upcoming winter is needed, particularly in besieged areas, large population planting season; centres and areas where high percentages or concentrations of IDPs are living with host communities. There is an increasing Beyond geographical and sectoral gaps, the humanitarian need for medicines, especially for non-communicable community will also look to strengthen its approach to diseases, across Syria. Lack of routine immunization services targeting and vulnerability to ensure that vulnerable groups in large parts of the country, particularly northern, eastern are better identified and that their access to assistance – where and southern Syria is also a key concern as well as gaps in gaps exist – is facilitated. With the overall level of conflict the availability of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care now beginning to increase across the country, strengthened (EmONC) at health facilities. Lack of electricity remains preparedness efforts will also be essential. the main challenge for water provision across the country. Increased unregulated water alternatives pose significant risks to public health. Increased supply of chlorination devices combined with maintenance and rehabilitation of water supply system remains a priority. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES Access and security constraints remain the largest Positive changes have seen the access of humanitarian actors impediments faced by the humanitarian community in to an increasing number of besieged and hard to reach areas reaching vulnerable communities with life-saving relief from Damascus to deliver life-saving assistance – including supplies inside Syria. The operating environment remains preventive nutrition services to women and children - to volatile, negatively affecting the provision of services to the affected population since February 2016. humanitarian community. There is a possibility to scale up the humanitarian response In northern and southern Syria, challenges in response in several areas thanks to growing capacities including delivery are impeded by limited accessibility and constraints through the expansion of humanitarian presence and ability on safe movement of staff due to insecurity. There are active to deliver services. military fronts between the Government of Syria and Non State Armed Groups (NSAGs) in various areas that render humanitarian space challenging. Within Syria, obtaining approvals/authorizations/facilitations letters for projects or supply deliveries can be a lengthy process that has sometimes resulted in delayed implementation. There continues to be a need for long-term capacity-building initiatives to strengthen the capacity of partners working on specialized areas, such as legal assistance, child protection and GBV. Technical capacity and partnership opportunities remain obstacles to substantively scaling up and diversifying protection services across Syria. The HRP remains largely underfunded. Improved cross-line access has increased the need for readily available supplies, increasing the need for additional funds. 21 FUNDING ANALYSIS

FUNDING ANALYSIS

Required vs. Received to date (Million $US) Source: Financial Tracking Service (FTS)

REVISED FUNDING FUNDING REPORTED % SECTOR/CLUSTER REQUIREMENTS AVAILABLE (HRP) OUTSIDE HRP GAP

200,239,557 84,257,965 3,279,756 58% EDUCATION

525,184,835 45,169,092 16,198,129 91% SHELTER/NFI

1,339,640 0 100% EMERGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS

51,174,627 12,603,461 75% NUTRITION

1,238,918,095 416,496,185 245,403,199 63% FOOD SECURITY

22 15,039,153 7,530,879 50% LOGISTICS

252,048,010 52,446,927 1,154,902 79% WASH

25,447,375 2,033,800 92% CCCM

EARLY RECOVERY 148,470,742 52,705,208 1,048,218 65% AND LIVELIHOODS

235,979,938 35,810,380 19,269,911 85% PROTECTION

440,839,104 72,221,289 31,660,074 83% HEALTH

0 251,012,077 201,715,653 CLUSTER NOT YET SPECIFIED

58,673,597 14,910,953 8,489,944 75% COORDINATION

MULTISECTOR 79,571,410

TOTAL 3,193,354,673 1,047,198,216 607,791,196 66% CLUSTER ACHIEVEMENTS

Protection

Camp Coordination & Camp Management

Early Recovery and Livelihoods

Education

Food Security and Agriculture

Health

Nutrition 23 Shelter and NFI

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)

Logistics PROTECTION

Protection

Key Indicators 13.5 Million People in Need Target Progress 10.9 Million People targeted

# of girls, boys, women and men participating Million People covered in structured and sustained child protection and 3.6 psychosocial support programmes, including Further, protection monitoring and parenting programmes PROGRESS TOWARDS operational coordination analysis 910,374 CLUSTER OBJECTIVES improved, particularly in southern Syria, where a protection monitoring 39% 357,477 The protection sector response strategy initiative was rolled out and rapid for 2016 aims at increasing the protection response assessment mechanism was of affected people at risk from the established. Similar initiatives are in # of women, girls, boys and men survivors consequences of violence including accessing specialized GBV services place to support ongoing monitoring through the provision of quality efforts in northern Syria and to assess 15,740 specialized services and by reducing needs during inter-agency convoys. 180% 28,358 the impact of explosive remnants. The protection sector continues to diversify its response and presence based on the Community-based protection 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan. In # Beneficiaries who received Risk Education services February 2016, the Jordan Hub Protection 2,952,452 Working Group was formally established, Significant advances were made in 57% 1,680,840 which has led to improved protection the expansion of community-based analysis and operational coordination responses across the country. Across for protection actors in southern Syria. Syria, 41,846 Mental Health and # initiatives incorporating protection analysis and Progress is also being made towards Psychosocial Support Services (MHPSS) advocacy integrating Lebanon and Iraq based have been provided by partners, 24 partners into the protection response. with 136,223 counselling services provided to persons and community- 40% 19 In the first six months of 2016, progress based services provided to groups. was made towards the protection sector’s 331,676 socio-economic and 47,535 objectives. Overall, the protection sector material support interventions have conducted 2,232,985 interventions in 172 supported this. Since the end of 2015, sub-districts across Syria. Protection sector the number of new community centres partners have also reached 12 of the 18 has increased from 30 to 51; outreach besieged locations in 2016 while, overall, volunteers from 520 to 1,200; and 87 per cent of protection interventions 15 women’s safe spaces have become have been organized in locations ranked as operational, allowing partners to severity 4 and 5 in the 2016 Humanitarian address needs in a more comprehensive Needs Overview. 72 per cent of the way. In some governorates, state protection response has occurred in the services are being mapped, along governorates of Rural Damascus, Damascus, with those provided by humanitarian Aleppo and Idleb, with over 600,000 people partners, to support referral pathways. reached in Rural Damascus alone.

Gender-based violence (GBV) Protection monitoring Innovative IT tools have also been Monitoring of grave child rights developed to support the outreach violations, as mandated by the UN and community work for referrals Security Council, is continuing with and to improve the consistency across close to 650 violations verified to have the response. The GBV online service taken place since January. Killing and mapping tools capture the services maiming of children continues to be provided by 21 organisations to improve the most frequent reported violation as the referral pathways for survivors. Efforts a result of the conduct of hostilities by have been made to establish and operate all parties to the conflict, followed by minimum and emergency response recruitment and/or use of children by packages for GBV. Across Syria, GBV all parties to the conflict. partners have been able to reach 24,674 FUNDING ANALYSIS

(157 per cent of target) women, girls, men and boy survivors of Protection advocacy GBV through specialised services. The number of beneficiaries reached is higher than expected due to increased number of The sectors’ commitment to advocacy continues with partners in the different hubs and extended reach from Damascus. increased policy initiatives to support a principled and operationally sound humanitarian response. These include the HCT-endorsed paper on ‘Protection and Humanitarian Child protection Considerations for the Engagement of Humanitarian Actors in Situations of Negotiated Ceasefires and Related Child protection actors are making steady progress on the four Humanitarian Evacuations in Syria.’ UN Protection Agencies core commitments of the No Lost Generation Initiative. During raise protection issues identified through IA Convoys to the reporting period, actors reached 328,693 children (36 per besieged and hard-to-reach areas with relevant authorities cent of target) with community-based child protection and and relevant parties on behalf of affected populations to psychosocial support programmes; 225,417 individuals (12 per support humanitarian interventions as well as early response/ cent of target) with awareness raising on child protection issues; early warning. The protection advocacy working group will and 10,018 children (61 per cent of target) with specialised child support partner-based protection advocacy in 2016/17. protection services including case management. In addition, 3,665 child protection workers (575 per cent of target) were reached with training initiatives to strengthen their capacity to provide services to children. Child Protection actors are making KEY DEVELOPMENTS headway in responding to child recruitment and child labour, The protection sector has seen two contrasting changes in the both priority issues identified in the HNO, through inclusive context in Syria: and multi-sectoral approaches. For example, an operational framework has been agreed upon to provide multi-sectoral • The significant escalation of hostilities in Idleb and Aleppo community-based services to prevent and respond to child has forced partners to periodically suspend day-to-day recruitment in targeted locations, and the sector is working with services and/or adjust the modality of their delivery. This national authorities to deliver on a strategy to tackle child labour. includes moving community spaces underground. In early 2016, two Cluster-supported projects (via the Humanitarian Fund) had facilities/resources damaged by airstrikes and Mine action an additional two postponed essential components of their 25 programmes (such as conflict risk mitigation training for Significant steps have been made to improve the mine action community members and assessments) due to conduct of response in Syria by mine action and child protection actors. hostilities. In southern Syria, conflict in early 2016 resulted In the first five months of 2016, 716,274 people (24 per cent in significant levels of displacement. Fighting between Liwa of the target) have received education on the risks posed Shuhadaa Al Yarmouk and FSA-aligned non-State armed by unexploded explosive devices throughout the country, groups in Ash-Shajara sub-district southwestern Dar’a, has including in collaboration with Child Protection partners resulted in a shrinking of the humanitarian space, with and the Ministry of Education. Risk education partners access increasingly a challenge. have reached 124,000 adults and children with direct risk education in their communities. Since deploying at the end • Positive changes have seen in access of humanitarian actors of March 2016, two clearance teams have destroyed 684 items to an increasing number of the besieged and hard to reach of unexploded ordnance, including 615 cluster munitions. areas from Damascus since February 2016. Participation Non-technical survey teams have also been deployed to better of protection staff in interagency convoys has improved determine the extent of the explosive hazard problem. understanding of the protection risks in besieged areas, including the impact of besiegement on freedom of movement of civilians who remain trapped in unsafe areas. Protection capacity development • Family separation, early and forced marriage and lack Partners’ capacity development is being supported by initiatives or losses of documentation continue to be key threats such as e-learning and training of trainer initiatives in Syria and for people in these areas. The ability for communities to in neighboring countries. Training centres are being set-up in access education and health care, particularly for those Damascus, Aleppo and Homs to support continuity of training most vulnerable, such as those in need of urgent medical opportunities; and new initiatives allowing for distance learning treatment, is severely limited. for Syrian partners in areas which cannot be directly accessed for training purposes have commenced. There have been 166 training activities conducted in 2016. A WoS child protection capacity assessment was undertaken that will be critical to inform the development of a cohesive capacity building strategy, thus addressing a gap for the sector. Investment in strengthening the child protection workforce remains a top priority for the child protection sub-sector CHALLENGES ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN The challenges faced by protection partners are significantly In order to address these gaps for the remainder of 2016, the varied across the response. In view of the rapid expansion protection sector will continue to work on improving the of the protection and community services sector, national scale, diversity and quality of interventions. For example, partners require support in providing specialised training to the roll out of Child Protection and GBV SOP guidelines newly recruited staff. There continues to be a need for long- will support minimum operational standards and do no term capacity-building initiatives to strengthen the capacity of harm approaches. Child Protection will pilot monitoring partners working in specialized areas, such as legal assistance, and evaluation approaches to improve programme quality. child protection, and GBV. Technical capacity and partnership Protection monitoring projects and needs assessments are opportunities remain obstacles to substantively scaling up and intended to improve quality of protection information on diversifying protection services across Syria. threats and risks, safe programming and advocacy. This includes a stronger focus on vulnerabilities and community Although identified as a priority for 2016, mobile response coping mechanisms specific to protection issues to gain a remains challenging, particularly for recently displaced greater understanding about if/how specific issues of concern IDP populations, as it is a new mode of delivery and access are being managed, given the low reporting rates. constraints remain significant. Ultimately, engaging duty bearers and stakeholders such as In northern and southern Syria, challenges in response the humanitarian leadership and other sectors to improve the delivery are further impeded by limited accessibility and protection response in Syria is a core task of the sector e.g. to constraints on safe movement of staff. Although the Cluster address the protection risks in besieged and hard-to-reach areas, continues to expand, with a growing number of partners working with FSL and Education to address issues relating to providing specialized services, including GBV and mine Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (CAAFAG), action services in northern Syria, organisations’ operations and integrating GBV responses in health and other sectors. are concentrated largely in Idleb and Aleppo due to insecurity in other locations. In southern Syria, beyond access (including Sustained capacity building for national actors, including recent restrictions on the number of staff able to cross the those engaged in specialized services; community based border, including for training in Jordan), security and funding protection approaches; documenting child rights violations; 26 constraints are still limiting. and collective advocacy will underpin the Cluster’s operational delivery.

KEY GAPS Gaps in improving the protection response include the partnership portfolio (limitations on skills and coverage) and limited real-time information on protection risks and threats. Currently 172 (63 per cent) of sub-districts in Syria receive some form of protection response. Gaps in other areas in Syria in part due to insecurity and donor restrictions, such as ISIL controlled areas. These areas continue to be a concern for protection actors. Delivery of specialized protection services continues to be severely hampered by the lack of partners with the required level of expertise, e.g. for GBV responses. While progress has been made, the provision of emergency GBV response to address needs and risks of new displaced population is still a gap. Even though additional health actors are starting to provide clinical management of rape services, clinical management of rape has a low priority in the health response. Other gaps remain in GBV specialized services to refer affected people to. Across Syria gaps also remain in the delivery of specialized child protection services to address specific vulnerabilities of children at risk and survivors of violence and abuse, as well as programming to address the protection vulnerabilities of adolescent girls and boys. Given the magnitude of documentation issues, organisations with global expertise on legal protection are a gap in the planned 2016 response. CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT FUNDING ANALYSIS

Key Indicators 6.5 Million People in Need Target Progress 3.2 Million People targeted # of IDPs living in IDP sites provided with life- saving assistance 0.93 Million People covered

500,000 half of 2016 as more funding becomes 63% 316,850 PROGRESS TOWARDS available and more NGOs adopt this CLUSTER OBJECTIVES best practice. # of women, girls, boys and men survivors The CCCM sector response strategy Finally, as a service to the humanitarian accessing specialized GBV services for 2016 aimed at promoting good response, the CCCM has tracked 12 management of IDP sites, streamlining 924,800 new rapid onset displacements the provision of multi-sectoral during the reporting period. This service 50% 6 life-saving assistance to IDPs, and has enabled other actors and sectors to collecting accurate displacement data respond rapidly to their needs. # Beneficiaries who received Risk Education to inform the humanitarian response. Mid-year, the sector is making progress 3.2 million in reaching its objectives: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 29% 924,900 During the reporting period, members The most significant development in of the CCCM sector were able to 2016 was the substantial deterioration provide continuous multi-sector of the security situation in some areas assistance to 361,600 IDPs living where large IDPs sites existed for in planned camps, informal tented several years in relative safety. The most settlements, transit camps, and noteworthy case occurred in the Azaz collective centres in the governorates sub-district: at the beginning of the of Lattkia, Idleb, Aleppo, Deir-ez-Zor 27 year there were 38,500 IDPs living in and Ar Raqqa. Such IDP sites remain a 7 informal tented settlements. These measure of last resort for the displaced, settlements had been assisted for the only utilized when all other coping last three years, with only one built in mechanisms have been exhausted. the last year. In February, there was a The last six months saw an increase of dramatic shift in conflict lines in Azaz, 125,374 people living in IDP sites and with violence spreading very close to the set-up of an additional 23 informal some major IDP sites. As a result, IDPs tented settlements, particularly in Idleb. fled these settlements en masse. At least Sector members were able to respond to 43,300 IDPs moved from five settlements the food (74 per cent coverage), WASH and their surroundings to areas in and (81 per cent coverage), and shelter (60 around Bab Al Salama IDP Settlements per cent coverage) needs of people in and Azaz town. these IDP sites with limited resources. Also significantly, several IDP sites in To facilitate the coordination of the Yamaddia, Lattakia Governorate were multi-sectoral response in these IDP shut down due to their proximity to the sites, the CCCM publishes a monthly conflict. At least 13,000 IDPs were forced gap analysis of all IDP sites serviced by to leave their IDP settlements and move its members. toward other settlements in northern A significant achievement in this Idleb, establishing a new camp area in reporting period has been the Deir Hassan. The situation remains fluid investment made in promoting in Lattakia. Several new IDP settlements accountable management within IDP were also established in Al-Hasakeh and sites, particularly the establishment of are being served out of Iraq. IDP committees. 38 per cent of the 181 informal tented settlements across the country now have such committees (an increase of 133 per cent of since last year). The sector is hoping the number of committees will grow in the second CHALLENGES ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN • The unstable security situation remains the largest challenge The establishment and training of additional IDP Committees for this sector. The entire region of Azaz (which houses an and other accountable management structures will continue to estimated 179,5002 IDPs) remains highly contested between be a priority for the upcoming period. Effective management several parties to the conflict. There are active military fronts of these IDP sites will enable more targeted and efficient between the Government of Syria and NSAGs in Lattakia interventions. Support to collective centres will also be a and Idleb Governorates which have caused many IDPs to priority for the coming period. Information on collective abandon informal tented settlements. centres will be gathered throughout Syria and will be verified by CCCM members. The CCCM Cluster is strengthening its IDP • Limited adequate space remains a major challenge in existing tracking initiative by expanding its tracking project to cover camps, informal tented settlements, and collective centres. broader areas and focus on verification. Finally with regards Most informal settlements were established without reference to attacks on known IDP sites, (Ekkdeh and Ghita’ Rahma II), to SPHERE standards and, as a result, are extremely crowded there have been calls for investigations into the incidents and with little capacity to absorb additional IDPs. This is linked parties to the conflict parties to the conflict have the obligation to the lack of accountable management. The majority of these to avoid areas in which civilians are residing and are prohibited informal tented settlements were established on private land by international humanitarian law from directly targeting by IDPs on in ad hoc manner, with no camp management civilian infrastructure. measures and without liaising with NGOs/government authorities and mobilizing collective action.

KEY GAPS The largest gap in the CCCM response remains lack of access and – as a result – limited accountable management. Only three camps are directly managed by humanitarian actors. This accounts for only 2 per cent of the total population in IDP sites. 28 However, this quarter has seen some substantial improvements in this regard. CCCM partners have helped established IDP committees in 40 camps, an increase in 133 per cent over last year. This trend is expected to increase in the upcoming period. Although multi-sector services are being provided in the majority of informal tented settlements, these activities are performed piecemeal by the CCCM partners. Out of the 181 informal tented settlements, 46 settlements (23 per cent of population in informal settlements) do not have regular food services, 93 settlements (42 per cent of the population) do not have an NFI focal point able to provide vital replacement items or new arrival kits, and 35 settlements (19 per cent of the population) do not have comprehensive WASH services. That being said, the majority of tented informal settlements are being serviced by humanitarian actors even though resources are stretched. With regard to collective centres, only 44 per cent of centres have multi-sectoral coverage. These collective centres are receiving regular support from CCCM partners. The other 56 per cent received one-off support and were reported as a priority IDP site to the CCCM based on needs. Furthermore, there is strong evidence many more collective centres exist throughout Syria and that the extent of their needs remains underreported.

2. As of June 8th 2016, HNO 2015 figures updated with CCCM figures on displacements EARLY RECOVERY AND LIVELIHOODS FUNDING ANALYSIS

Key Indicators 9.2 Million People in Need Target Progress 3.6 Million People targeted Act: Establish and implement Cash-for-Work and labour-intensive schemes for debris and solid 1.5 Million People covered waste management and rehabilitation in shelters, affected neighbourhoods and host communities disabilities, whereby various services, # of affected people with better access to basic and PROGRESS TOWARDS such as disability aids, physiotherapy and social infrastructure and services CLUSTER OBJECTIVES livelihoods support, were offered. During 1,850,000 the first half of 2016, the programme The 2016 Early Recovery and reached 864 people with disabilities, 47.91% 886,360 Livelihoods strategy aims to improve including 104 who were directly the lives and livelihoods of affected targeted through special programmes people and communities and build and 760 who benefited from livelihood # of people employed in infrastructure their resilience and capacities to cope rehabilitation and employment opportunities made with and recover from shocks and available under regular programmes. 12,390 crisis. To this end, the sector employs a three-pillared approach which focuses During the reporting period, the ERL 33.98% 4,210 on: (i) sustaining and enhancing sector also strengthened its coordination service delivery and basic community mechanisms, holding five (5) sector meetings in Damascus to discuss, plan, Act: Establish and implement Cash-for-Work and infrastructure; (ii) creating and labour-intensive schemes for the restoration and stabilizing basic livelihoods and social explore, and improve ERL programming rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure in relatively protection, to promote socio-economic in Syria. With a view to expanding stable areas, areas of return and hosting communities recovery; and (iii) promoting social sector programming, the ERL sector cohesion and community engagement coordinator also contributed to two # of affected people with better access to basic and technical meetings on local governance social infrastructure and services to strengthen resilience and mitigate the effects of protracted crisis. In February issues relevant to the cross-border 29 1,143,500 2016, partners at the London Pledging response, while UNDP participated in 51.77% 592,000 Conference re-affirmed the importance the first Syria Stabilization meeting in of promoting a resilience-oriented Istanbul and agreed to help advance approach and advocated more support to technical work on “Reconciliation” and # of people employed in infrastructure livelihoods inside Syria. “Local Governance”, in line with the rehabilitation WoS approach. A dedicated ERL cluster Between 1 January and 30 June 2016, the coordinator has now been recruited 6,300 ERL sector partners achieved relatively in Gaziantep and will begin mapping 11.05% 696 good results despite funding limitations existing programmes and bring partners and other challenges. ERL activities, together to strengthen the ERL response implemented in 11 governorates, in northern Syria in September 2016. Act: Support socio-economic recovery of micro- included debris and waste management and small-scale enterprises through grants, loans services and socio-economic support and assets replacement with particular focus on to SMEs and self-reliant, crisis-affected vulnerable groups groups, with particular rehabilitation CHANGES IN CONTEXT and livelihood interventions to support # of affected people receiving livelihoods support During the reporting period, the (loans, grants, assets, vocational training…) people with disabilities, female- headed importance of coupling humanitarian aggregated by gender and age households and other vulnerable groups. activities with resilience-building and In total, the sector reached 1,501,076 283,945 stabilization activities inside Syria affected people (42 per cent of target) was reaffirmed at the highest levels. 3.50% 9,946 as follows: 1,478,360 people now The sector witnessed an increase in have better access to basic and social partners engaging in its meetings infrastructure and services (46.5 per cent and planning, with more active and # of people employed in livelihoods restoration of target); 13,719 people have received activities effective involvement and inputs in turn various types of livelihood support (4.3 supporting the ERL response. 14,275 per cent of target); and 6,607 jobs were Since early 2016, parts of Syria, including 11.92% 1,701 created in infrastructure rehabilitation and restoration (20 per cent of target). Homs and Rural Damascus (Maa’loula), Notably, ERL sector partners also have experienced decreased levels implemented an integrated rehabilitation of conflict, enabling advanced early programme targeting people with recovery programming and activities. Accordingly, debris management challenging due to various operational Act: Develop and implement business development activities expanded and the sector constraints. Currently, technical services including vocational training embarked upon socio-economic discussions and negotiations are taking # of affected people receiving livelihoods support recovery activities, including support place to better identify entry points (loans, grants, assets, vocational training…) to small businesses and self-reliance for UN agencies and other partners aggregated by gender and age initiatives. The improvement in the to start engaging in ER planning, 26,806 security situation in some areas also implementation and monitoring. enabled the sector to undertake social 5.10% 1,366 and basic infrastructure rehabilitation. Linking early recovery, resilience KEY GAPS Act: Develop and implement an integrated building, and stabilization activities rehabilitation programme for PwD offering various to the confidence building processes Currently, there are significant services such as disability aids, physiotherapy, associated with efforts to broker and geographical gaps in the ERL response. livelihoods support support local peace agreements, such as Since the beginning of 2016, ERL actors # of affected people receiving livelihoods support in Al-Wa’er, Palmyra, and several other have only reached 31 sub-districts in (loans, grants, assets, vocational training, etc.) locations, represented a major policy 11 governorates, compared to 37 sub- aggregated by gender and age shift and saw the ERL sector step-up districts in 14 governorates by June 2015. engagement with the OCHA, OSE, and Other significant gaps in the ERL sector 500 other UN partners and sectors. in first part of 2016 included social 18.60% 93 protection and the targeted rehabilitation of agricultural infrastructure.

# of people with disabilities benefiting from CHALLENGES rehabilitation services and livelihoods support • Shortages of funding: The ERL sector ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN 16,500 has received more support from the international community and With increased access to locations 5.24% 864 donors; total received-contributions witnessing local agreements, such 30 is $48,586,449 with a funding rate of as Al-Wa’er, Harasta, Karyateen and Act: Develop and implement Cash-for-Work, 32.7 per cent. Nevertheless, funding Tadmour, the ERL sector will look to assets support, grants and toolkits provision shortages, together with expanded expand its investment in stabilization and vocational training for women heading ERL coverage, is impacting heavily on and resilience-building activities in these households the sector’s ability to advance sector areas. In addition, the sector will also # of affected people receiving livelihoods support objectives and achieve intended look to increase local capacity through (loans, grants, assets, vocational training, etc.) results. This is holding back targets the provision of specialized training. aggregated by gender and age and delaying project implementation. The ERL sector will also continue to For example, a key player such as engage with sector/cluster partners in 8,480 UNICEF is experiencing delays in Damascus, Gaziantep, and Amman to 27.29% 2,314 the implementation of initiatives explore pertinent policies, action plans, focusing on socio-economic support and programmatic entry points, in line through cash transfers because of lack with the resilience-building inside Syria # of vulnerable HH receiving regular cash or in- of funding. kind cash transfers perspective. Finally, additional efforts • Low-level private sector engagement will be made to mobilize resources for 950 in ERL activities, and limited the sector in the second half of 2016, 0% 0 understanding of the private sector’s thus enabling the sector to better achieve role in reviving local economies its planned results. and restoring basic and social Act: Develop and implement Cash-for-Work, infrastructure; assets support, grants and toolkits provision and vocational training for women heading • Limited national and local capacity: households Alongside the need to reinforce national and local capacity in areas of # of affected people receiving livelihoods support (loans, grants, assets, vocational training…) ERL, there is an immediate need to aggregated by gender and age promote their wider participation and engagement in skills and management 17,400 development programmes; 8.77% 1,526 • Access: ERL interventions which are implemented using cross-line and cross-border modalities are still EDUCATION FUNDING ANALYSIS

Key Indicators 7.5 Million People in Need Target Progress 4.6 Million People targeted # of children (5-17 years, girls/boys) enrolled in non-formal education 1.1 Million People covered

626,810 sector. The Self-Learning Programme 57% 354,166 PROGRESS TOWARDS (SLP) aims at reaching out-of-school CLUSTER OBJECTIVES children who are internally displaced and living in hard-to-reach areas with # of children (5-17 years, girls/boys) benefiting During emergencies, education provides from school feeding programmes limited or no access to schooling. The stability and structure, and protects SLP allows children to continue learning 548,000 children and youth against exploitation at home or in community spaces and harm. The education sector response 53% 292,105 through a comprehensive self-study strategy for 2016 ensures access to course with a condensed curriculum in safe, equitable and quality education line with the Syria national curriculum. for children and youth affected by the # teachers, facilitators and school staff trained It is designed in such a way that (female/male) crisis in Syria. Education partners are students can learn supervised by any working to strengthen the capacity of adult (parents, community members, 34,722 the education system and communities teachers, facilitators) or independently 13% 4,364 to deliver a timely, coordinated and and to enable children to prepare for evidence-based education response. government exams. The SLP is a WoS During the reporting period from education flagship programme on access # of children (5-17 years, girls/boys) benefiting January to June 2016, the WoS Education from self-learning, life skills programmes and quality, and was scaled up country- Sector has reached a total of 1,130,440 wide during 2016, targeting 56,628 people including 1,092,305 children 532,187 children, including 32,525 children in and youth (52 per cent girls and 48 per 31 39% 311,789 besieged and 17,736 in hard-to-reach cent boys), 46,668 Palestine refugees, locations. A further 155,161 children 93,312 children in besieged areas, and youth benefited from life-skills and 263,833 children in hard-to-reach areas # of children (girls/boys) received textbooks, citizenship education programming. teaching and learning materials, and school and an additional 38,135 teachers and Professional development was provided supplies education personnel. Education sector to 4,364 teachers on the core academic partner programmes aim to scale-up 3,837,091 subjects, classroom management safe and equitable access to formal and methodology, pedagogy, Education 13% 535,247 non-formal education and in particular in Emergencies and the Interagency prioritize vulnerable children who Network for Education in Emergencies are out of school and those children (INEE) Minimum Standards. Incentives # of education actors (female/male) trained receiving poor quality educational were provided to 8,461 teachers, as a way on policy, planning, data collection, sector services disrupted by the conflict. coordination and INEE MS to reinforce motivation and increase job Non-formal education programmes, satisfaction and retention. Teaching and 2,090 including early childhood care and learning materials and school supplies education (ECCE), accelerated learning 80% 1,755 were distributed to 535,247 children in (Curriculum B), and remedial classes in protective learning spaces with gender alternative learning centres, in second- sensitive WASH facilities. Strengthening shift schools, community centres and the capacity of the education system through mobile units have benefitted and communities to deliver a timely, 377,211 children during the reporting coordinated and evidence-based period. School feeding programmes education response is the final objective contribute to the retention of children of the education sector. A stronger and in education and to better engage in more resilient education system allows learning while in class. A total of 292,105 education actors at all levels to better children benefitted from on-going respond to the increased needs of Syrian school feeding programmes during children through capacity development. the reporting period. Improving the 1,755 Education actors received training provision of quality education services on policy, planning, data collection and within a protective learning environment sector coordination during the reporting is the second objective of the education period. CHALLENGES KEY GAPS Despite expanding the programming and increasing access 2.1 million children are out of school and 1.4 million are at risk through cross-border activities, education partners still face a of dropping out. Children are often learning without textbooks number of challenges impeding the effective scaling up of the and learning materials in inadequate and unsafe learning education response. spaces, especially in besieged and hard-to-reach locations. Classrooms continue to be overcrowded and the situation is • Security and safety, including attacks on schools, not exacerbated due to the influx of displaced children to host only cause physical and material damage, but disrupt communities and the limited resources available either to repair the delivery of services. There were multiple attacks on damaged classrooms or to expand existing learning spaces. education during the first half of the year including 23 attacks on schools (one incident included an attack on two Partners lack funds to respond or scale up education schools) and 5 incidents affecting education personnel. programming in response to emergency displacements. In These incidents and others like them have led to schools addition, mainstreaming psychosocial support in schools being suspended and make families reluctant to send their remains a challenging endeavor and partners are working to children to school even when schools are operating. further strengthen it. • The heavy bureaucratic procedures and multi-layer approval processes required to access many parts of Syria negatively impacts programming, timely school level ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN monitoring, reporting of education interventions and A back-to-learning campaign targeting 2 million children capacity development of partners. Many communities will be conducted in the third quarter of the year to welcome in ISIL-controlled areas continue to be underserved and the new school year, ensure children are back in schools, and remain in dire need of education assistance. increase parent and community engagement in education. • Funding gaps have severely affected the sector’s ability to The Education sector will continue to advocate and work with scale up the education response country wide. partners and key stakeholders on issues of accreditation and certification. • The protracted nature of the crisis has hampered the 32 collection of school level data for evidence-based and Partnerships will be expanded to implement and bring the equity-focused sector programming. Self-Learning Programme to scale, especially in besieged and hard-to-reach areas for the most vulnerable boys and girls • The issue of certification and accreditation remains a major affected by the crisis. Capacity development efforts will be challenge. provided to education stakeholders to improve national and • Children have to travel great distances and cross active lines school level monitoring, reporting and data collection. in order to attend exam centres to sit for the final national exams held during May and June. • Due to the dynamic nature of the conflict and the significant movement and fluctuations in population, education partners find it challenging to maintain more structured, quality and on-going education interventions especially among displaced populations. • In many cases schools, community education centres, or alternative learning centres (ALC) cannot meet the demand for education services and which often overwhelms capacity. FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE FUNDING ANALYSIS

Key Indicators 8.7 Million People in Need Target Progress Food Assistance

# of households assisted by emergency responses/ Million People targeted contingency plans. 7.5 1.2 million 6.4 Million People covered 54% Livelihood and Agriculture 652,603 people reached as of May, 2016 F – 334,459 - M – 318,144 4.3 Million People targeted

Million People covered # of people receiving assistance as % of planned 0.92 by different modalities, including: in kind such as food baskets, wheat flour/bread , cash, vouchers, Refugees through selection criteria that and supplementary food assistance programmes PROGRESS TOWARDS take into account households’ socio- # of people receiving subsidized bread (bakery CLUSTER OBJECTIVES economic status. The targeted people were support – SO 3) reached in 157 sub-districts across 14 The Food Security and Agriculture Quantity of food/value of cash/voucher received governorates (in varying degrees across by beneficiary/ households (and proportion in sector operational plan for 2016 aims those 14 governorates based on access). relation to food basket.) to ensure both life-saving and life- The monthly ration provided by sector sustaining support to a total 7.5 million 6.3 million partners meets on average 1,435 kilocalorie food insecure or at risk of food insecurity requirements per person per day and 90% people in Syria. The sector aims for is below sector’s recommended 1,470 – adequate food consumption for the 5,660,378 people (Food baskets - avg per month) 1600 kilocalorie per person per day. This most affected populations, to reduce F – 2,909,944 - M – 2,759,434 amounted to a total of 215,514 MT of food the number of people adopting negative rations over a period of five months. 1,952,150 people (Bread/WF - avg per month) coping mechanisms and support early 33 F – 1,000,477 - M – 951,673 and medium term recovery of critical The sector also recommended providing agricultural/livelihood assets and essential supplementary food assistance to 642,824 people (avg per month) services related to food security. Between Persons with Specific Needs. To this F – 329,447 - M – 313,377 January and May 2016, the sector end, 7,683 Pregnant and Lactating registered the following achievements Women received fresh food vouchers under its four sector objectives: on average every month on top of their # of households reached with agricultural inputs as food rations as a targeted response % of planned by modality (in kind, cash or voucher) by WFP. A total of 21 partners also 230,000 HHs Provide emergency short-term and provided wheat flour/bread assistance 26% 59,899 HHs regular monthly food assistance. to 1,952,150 people on average every month through direct household 667,954 displaced people benefited from distribution or bakery support that emergency food assistance (short term # of households supplied with backyard kit as % of is provided outside the food baskets. support of 2-4 weeks through reduced planned by modality (in kind, cash or voucher This amounted to a total of 24,975 food baskets, Ready to Eat rations and MT of wheat flour over a period of 5 cooked meals) provided by WFP and 100,000 HHs months. Sector partners such as WFP 14 sector partners. This includes repeat 26% 26,013 HHs also provides supplementary feeding targeting for people who have been to children under 5 years old under the displaced multiple times to different nutrition sector’s operational plan for locations. This constitutes 55.7 per cent # of households supplied with assets as % of HRP 2016. planned by modality (in kind, cash or voucher) of the sector annual target and already over the projected target for the first five # of animals distributed as % of planned. months of the year. Restore and/or increase MT of feed distributed to beneficiary households A further 5.7 million people (out of the agricultural production, productive 6.3 million estimated to be food insecure) assets, and income generating 90,000 HHs benefited from full monthly food rations activities 8% delivered by WFP, ICRC, UNRWA and 59,899 households in 66 sub-districts in 7,458 HHs 45 sector partners. This constitutes 90 per eight governorates benefited from the 3,626 animal distributed (sheep, cow, poultry) cent of the monthly target to assist IDPs, distribution of seeds and agricultural 1,420 MT of animal feeds vulnerable host populations and Palestine inputs provided by 18 sector partners. This includes cereal and legume seeds, Improve the sectors’ quality of # of herders assisted and animals treated/ fertilizer, herbicides, insecticides, vaccinated as % of planned the response based on evidence, pesticides, vouchers for purchasing fuel, capacity building and strong 200,000 HHs seeds and olive seeds, and constitutes Whole of Syria coordination within 18% 26 per cent of the annual sector target. and across sectors However, as per the seasonal calendar, 35,458 HHs During the reporting period the sector 1,086,168 animals treated/vaccinated it is expected that the substantial part of this activity will start in July-August to developed key guidance for partners to meet the winter planting season in Syria. assess food security through common # of households supported with income indicators. This included a checklist generation activities as % of planned by modality FAO and nine partners provided and a tool for rapid assessment for (in kind, cash, or voucher) inputs for backyard food production both sudden onsets and in besieged which includes vegetable seeds and locations, a methodology to review 100,000 HHs pesticides to 26,013 households. people in need and severity to 17% 17,105 HHs This activity – which is key to boost update the baseline established in household production and diversity the the HNO 2016; and rolling out of nutritional requirements of targeted a plan including training modules # of technicians trained as % planned households - reached 32 sub-districts in for outcome indicators monitoring # of essential services supported as % planned six governorates to both host and IDP # of communities served by the service as % planned across all hubs. Also, key progress in # of household benefitting from the service households. This is 26 per cent of the assessment includes the WFP Mobile annual sector target. VAM initiative across Syria, completion 200,000 HHs Asset building and production in of Food Security and Livelihoods No progress terms of small livestock was provided Assessment in both the north and to 7,458 households by FAO and seven the south of Syria and the ongoing sector partners in 44 sub-districts in Crop and Food Security Assessment # of households supported with CFW or CFAs as % 8 governorates. This assistance was Mission by WFP/FAO and the planned planned Agriculture Infrastructure Damage # of households/communities served by the provided mostly to herders with less Survey by FAO. 34 rehabilitated infrastructure than 30 goats/sheep. This is 8% of the # of household involved in the rehabilitation annual sector target. In total 60 partners (HRP as well as through different modalities as % planned FAO and 1 sector partner provided animal other sector partners) report every 200,000 HH feed and drugs to 35,458 households and month to a common 4Ws system from five hubs and 48 partners provide 3% 6,620 HH over 1 million animals have been treated or vaccinated. This activity was carried village level (lowest administrative unit) out in 114 sub-districts in 8 governorates data to the sector. Apart from reporting and has reached 18 per cent of the annual on HRP indicators, this system has also sector target. been instrumental for the traffic light approach that the sector has adopted for Eight partners provided income village level response and gaps analysis generating activities through vouchers as well as to coordinate cross-line and and trainings to 17,105 households. cross-border response. This activity was carried out in 19 sub- districts in three governorates and meets The sector has further provided 17 per cent of the annual sector target. guidance on geographical targeting, household selection criteria as well as response packages for all sector Improve the delivery of essential activities aligned with the HRP 2016. services and support the This was developed through a series rehabilitation of productive of consultations in all hubs as well as infrastructures through a Whole of Syria workshop 6,620 households benefitted from cash in late 2015, and was published for all for work activities implemented by partners alongside the HRP 2016. four sector partners in 13 sub-districts The sector conducted capacity building in three governorates. This constitutes through a range of initiatives such 3 per cent of the sector overall target. as (1) training - Nutrition Sensitive No activities related to strengthening Agriculture Training for 20 partners, the structure and capacity for the Food Security Concepts including provision of essential services for local visualization/GIS capacity for 23 communities were reported. partners; IASC GBV guidance training with support from UNFPA/GBV FUNDING ANALYSIS

sub sector for eight partners (2) supporting emergency NO OF SUB NO OF SUB response capacity by reviewing proposal development and DISTRICTS DISTRICTS SEPTEMBER MAY 2016 implementation through Humanitarian Pool Fund to 23 2015 partners across all hubs including 12 Syrian NGOs; and (3) dissemination of various sectoral resources and training CRITICAL Any sub district with more opportunities and normative guidance. than 20% prevalence of LEVEL 5 food insecure population 164 169 The Lead Agencies WFP and FAO have participated in the (Category_1) Inter-agency cross-line convoys as well as common multi- SEVERE Any sub district with a sectoral targeting and rapid assessment of needs. In all of the combined prevalence of LEVEL 4 more than 20% locations visited, the sector has provided an analysis of the population that are food 74 72 food security situation based on qualitative methods of data insecure or at risk of food insecurity (Catrgory_1 plus collection- which often includes focus group discussions with Category_2) community leaders and members of the relief committees. Any sub district with a The sector has been actively engaged with the planned multi MAJOR combined prevalence of – sector assessments for Whole of Syria, participating in No LEVEL 3 more than 15% population that are food 13 13 Lost Generation mapping of activities and data disaggregation insecure or at risk of food as well as ensured representation and inputs by other sectors insecurity (Category_1 plus Category_2) such as WASH, Shelter, NFI and Protection in the planned scope for Cash Based Response Feasibility Study. MODERATE Remaining population in need in the sector 19 16 In the first half of 2016, the sector focused on three major LEVEL 2 cross learning initiatives (1) Lessons Learned on Whole of Syria coordination that was commissioned by global Food TOTAL SUB 270 270 Security Cluster (gFSC) and looked into sector management/ DISTRICTS structure, coordination and response quality and information management. (2) A study on Gender and Accountability to largest overall increase in needs in terms of percentages for Affected Population conducted by a senior Gencap advisor both categories of PiN is seen in Quneitra, Dar’a, Damascus, (gFSC) that provides recommendations to partners and Aleppo and Idleb. Since late 2015 all of these areas have seen 35 the sector secretariat to further its work in this area. (3) large population movements due to escalation in conflict, as Cash Based Response Feasibility Study in five governorates well as market price changes and poor availability of food for which the scope of study has been finalized and the and its consumption. It is to be noted that these changes are implementation is expected to start in July. aggregated at a governorate level, and pockets of significant increases can be found across sub-districts in these areas as well as in other governorates, and especially in locations of KEY DEVELOPMENTS besiegement and access constraints. People in Need (PiN): As reported earlier, the sector on average reaches 5.7 million people every month with food Agriculture Outlook: assistance (food baskets, cash and voucher) and close to a million people until May with livelihood and agriculture The main crop production cycle for winter wheat and barley assistance. However, shock factors such as besiegement and in Syria runs from November until mid of July. The Syrian access constraints, displacements, high food and fuel prices, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform indicated that depreciation of Syrian Pound, poor food availability and this year about 1.1, million hectares had been planted with consumption, weather conditions, lower crop production/ wheat (60:40 irrigation/rain fed and 68 per cent of target) and failure and negative coping strategies have increased the over 1.2 million hectares have been planted with barley (5: 95 needs in the sector since the last estimates in HNO 2016 irrigation/rain fed and 82 per cent of target). In comparison (September, 2015). with official figures for 2010, the total wheat and barley planted areas represent a reduction of 26 per cent and 18 per As per data available until May 2016, there was an overall cent reduction, respectively. The area harvested for wheat and estimated increase of eight per cent of people in need of barley is only 77 per cent and 49 per cent of the planted area, food security, agriculture and livelihoods assistance across the difference being attributable to crop failure (and crop Syria. This accounts for an increase in number of food burning in limited cases).3 insecure people from 6.3 million to 6.7 million (6 per cent increase) and an increase in number of people at risk of Figure 8 shows time series data for the Agricultural Stress food insecurity from 2.4 million to 2.7 million (13 per cent Index (ASI) for the same period (last 10 days of the month) increase). The largest overall increase in need in terms from February to April 2016. The ASI incorporates rainfall, of absolute number for both categories of PiN is seen in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Aleppo, Damascus, Rural Damascus, Dara and Idleb. The temperatures analysis. The ASI maps show that some areas

3. Working figures. Final numbers to be ready by August FUNDING ANALYSIS

in the north-west and north of Syria (e.g. Aleppo, Idleb and Poultry numbers have fallen even more (50 per cent). In the Raqqa) have been consistently affected during the growing first half of 2016, the situation has somewhat improved or season. The Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission stabilized in some areas marginally affected by the conflict, (CFSAM), conducted in Syria in June is expected to publish while continued to worsen in others. As a result of the poor production estimates by August. rainfall season, the condition of pasture is expected to be worse than in previous years, painting a grim picture of the Since the start of the crisis, livestock numbers have fallen by prospects of herders for the upcoming winter. 30 per cent (cattle) and 40 per cent (sheep), due to growing insecurity, forcing herders to destock or move with their livestock to neighboring countries. Shortage of feed, pasture and veterinary supplies (including vaccines and routine veterinary drugs) continue to severely affect livestock owners.

AGRICULTURAL STRESS INDEX (ASI) FEBRUARY - APRIL 2016

! ! ! Al-Hasakeh Al-Hasakeh Al-Hasakeh

! Aleppo ! Aleppo ! Aleppo

! ! ! ! ! ! Idleb Ar-Raqqa Idleb Ar-Raqqa Idleb Ar-Raqqa

Lattakia Lattakia Lattakia ! ! !

Hama ! Hama ! Hama ! Deir-ez-Zor Deir-ez-Zor Deir-ez-Zor ! ! !

! Tartous ! Tartous ! Tartous

! ! !

Homs Homs Homs

Damascus Damascus Damascus ! Rural Damascus ! Rural Damascus ! Rural Damascus

Quneitra st th Quneitra st st Quneitra st th ! ! ! 21 - 30 Dara 21 - 29 Dara 21 - 31 Dara

As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida ! ! ! ! February ! March ! April

Agricutural Stress Index (ASI) <10 10-25 25-40 40-55 55-70 70-85 36 ASI Data Provided by: FAO Global Information and >=85 Off season No season Early Warning System (GIEWS) REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY ANALYSIS NETWORK http://www.fao.org/giews/earthobservation/ Non-cropland pixels excluded METOP-AVHRR

conducting such assessments, both sudden and cyclical CHALLENGES movement of people and the growing insecurity have posed ••Insecurity and access issues affected sector partners’ challenge to adequately capture the food security needs operations at various levels particularly in rural Damascus amongst the affected communities. Hassakeh, Aleppo, Idleb, Hama, Homs, Dar’a, Queintra ••Furthermore, it is extremely challenging to transfer new and Damascus. Deir-ez-Zor and Raqqa remain largely IDP caseloads from emergency food assistance to regular inaccessible. programming when multi-displacements occur and a final ••Insecurity and access also prevent prepositioning of items destination is not identifiable for security, access and other in warehouses, which affects sector’s preparedness. issues related to the highly volatile situation. ••Although the sector was able to reach 18 besieged locations at least once during the reporting period, access continues to be difficult and impedes regular delivery of items. KEY GAPS •• Limited or no access by land is leading to airlifts (Al-Hasakeh) ••The sector partners’ food baskets on average covers and air drops (Deir-ez-Zor city) to provide desperately needed 1,435 kilocalorie per person per day that do not meet food assistance to the affected people there. the recommended sector standards for Syria which is a minimum of 1,470 to 1,600 kcal per person per day. ••Market places, bakeries, agricultural land, burning of Various challenges such as funds, supply chain, logistics standing crops before harvest and partners’ warehouses and procurement issues have caused this gap in response have been targeted by parties to the conflict which led to quality. massive loss of food items, assets and production; and put civilians as well as humanitarian staff lives at risk and ••In addition to the monthly food rations, the sector strategy caused deaths. in HRP also encourages partners to provide supplementary food assistance to Persons with Specific Needs to meet ••The first five months of the year already witnessed the other dietary requirements. However, this activity has displacement of an estimated 900,000 people. Despite largely remained a gap and is conducted at present only on efforts by partners to conduct rapid assessments, and a small scale. sector’s efforts to provide minimum guidance for FUNDING ANALYSIS

••Overall livelihoods and agriculture related inputs have ••Emphasizing critical response gaps as identified in this not met the targets as expected by May due to a variety review and supporting partners to raise required funds and of factors such as conflict and displacements; partners capacity building. focus on emergency response and under funding. Partners ••Implementing the sector outcome indicators monitoring have also reported that many projects with funding plan by building on operational partners monitoring commitment have taken months to receive the funds Some capacity and good practices. of these activities such as provision of agricultural inputs – particularly cereal seeds – is linked with seasonality and will ••Implementing key recommendations from Lessons Learned see a likely scale up from July onwards. and Gender, Age and Accountability to Affected Population study conducted in the first half of the year. ••Conducting more frequent updates of food security needs ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN and further strengthening the assessment/analysis capacity of the sector. ••Advocating for sustained access to ensure regular delivery of sector assistance to bridge geographical gaps. ••Concrete and measurable Cross sectoral initiatives with at least 2-3 other sectors. ••Ensuring that the changes in people in need as identified through the mid-year review are reflected in sector’s target ••Developing an early plan for winterization to equip partners and partners programmes in the remainder of the year. with response capacity to meet the additional food security needs that winter brings in Syria. ••Further promoting sector standards to meet selection criteria and harmonized response packages so minimize protection risks. ••Advocacy with partners and donors to meet minimum kilocalorie requirements and provision of supplementary assistance to ensure adequate food consumption, which includes: 37 HEALTH

Key Indicators 11.5 Million People in Need Target Progress 13 Million People targeted # of medical procedures Million People covered (Medical procedures is an aggregate indicator 7.3 that includes consultations (OPD consultations at lower levels of medical procedures. PHC and hospital), referral cases, mental health PROGRESS TOWARDS consultations, trauma cases, persons with disabilities The health sector also distributed supported and deliveries by Skilled Birth Attendant) CLUSTER OBJECTIVES 7,722,730 million treatment courses 13,000,000 The health sector response strategy in (37 per cent of the annual target of 2016 focused on providing life-saving 21 million) during the reporting 56% 7,316,234 and life-sustaining health services to period. Treatment courses are fully affected populations inside of Syria. In prescribed treatments for patients that bring them back to health (defined # of treatment courses distributed (Treatment order to improve the quality of services courses are full courses of prescribed treatments provided, the sector aimed to strengthen as daily dose/duration of treatment), for patients that bring them back to health coordination and health information and are delivered to health facilities, (defined daily dose/duration of treatment)) systems, with an emphasis on enhancing implementing agencies and health protection and increasing access to and directorates/central pharmacies to 21,000,000 quality of health services. In addition, ensure sufficient stocks of essential 37% 7,316,234 the health sector sought to support medicines are available. community resilience and institutional In addition, the health sector made and response capacity by empowering # of children covered by DPT3 significant progress in expanding communities and national actors. immunization coverage, with 83,399 152,000 In 2016 the sector made substantive children under five receiving the progress against these objectives, but 55% 83,399 three doses required to be immunized the continued targeting of health care for Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus 38 personnel and facilities in Syria posed (DPT3).This constitutes a significant % of sentinel sites submitting weekly enormous challenges to the provision of improvement in the percentage of surveillance reports health services across the country. children being immunized, but still falls 1286 During the reporting period (data far short of the total number of children from January-May 2016), health requiring immunizations. 92% 1391 sector partners delivered 7,316,234 4 Before the current crisis began, the medical procedures (56 per cent of the immunization programme in Syria # of health facilities providing EmONC annual target of 13 million). Medical was one of the best in the Eastern procedures is an aggregate indicator Mediterranean region. According to 250 that includes outpatient consultations at national reports, coverage rates for 26% 65 primary health care units and hospitals, polio, DPT and measles were above number of referral cases, mental health 90 per cent until the year 2010. Syria consultations, trauma cases, persons with was declared polio-free since 1999. # of health care workers trained disabilities supported and deliveries by Vaccination rates declined sharply since a Skilled Birth Attendant). An estimated 30,000 2012. According to the MOH, routine 82 per cent of reported medical vaccination coverage has dropped from 28% 8,485 procedures took place in the following 95 per cent to 60 per cent. WHO and six governorates: Aleppo (21 per cent), UNICEF estimate that vaccination Idlib (17 per cent), Rural Damascus (12 # of facilities rehabilitated and/or reinforced coverage may have fallen even lower, to per cent), Dar’a (12 per cent), Damascus below 50%. Routine immunization has 300 and Homs (10 per cent each). This even completely stopped in some of the reflects a greater number of medical 7% 20 contested areas. interventions being carried out in areas most affected by conflict and where As a result, this reporting period saw access for health actors was possible, the launch of an accelerated nationwide while other locations with restricted multi-antigen immunization campaign access (Deir Ezzour and Raqqa) had far targeting children that have not been

4. Given the challenges the sector faces in measuring individual beneficiaries, the indicator for the num- ber of medical procedures is used as an aggregate indicator that serves as a proxy measure for overall progress in health service delivery in Syria. FUNDING ANALYSIS

reached by the routine immunisation programme because of in terms of number of people injured, requiring immediate the ongoing conflict. The first round was conducted both from life-saving medical evacuation and or needing specific Gaziantep and Damascus, From Damascus the health sector health supplies (e.g., medicines, machines, infrastructural reached 264,963 children under five years old (48 per cent of the rehabilitation). To date, 40 inter-agency convoys delivered targeted 552,540) with mixedantigens – Pentavalent, Measles, health supplies to hard-to-reach and beseiged areas. These were Rubella and Polio. There were instances of close cooperation complemented by agency-specific cross-line missions to hard- between neighboring governorates, and vaccination teams from to-reach locations. As a result, 58 per cent of people in need were Al Hassakeh reached, for example, Tal Abyad in Ar Raqqa and reached by life-saving medicines and treatments in hard-to- delivered vaccines to Ain Al Arab in Aleppo governorate. Cross- reach and besieged locations during the first quarter of 2016 border partners from Gaziantep reached Idleb, rural Aleppo, compared to 30 per cent in previous years. Nevertheless, life- rural Hama, eastern part of Aleppo city, Ar Raqqa and Deir-ez- saving treatments and medical items urgently needed by patients Zoir. The Gaziantep hub reached an estimated 86 per cent of across the country continue to be removed or rejected from children targeted with Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), 1,072,322, 80 interagency convoys. A total of 27 out of 40 convoys containing per cent of children targeted with Penta vaccine, 965,253, and health supplies so far this year had items removed or rejected. 76 per cent of children targeted for Measles and Rubella vaccine, Inter-agency cross-line convoys are complemented by logistical 850,878. An estimated 158,455 children in Aleppo governorate support, maintenance, management and monitoring of health were not able to be reached due to high levels of insecurity. services by various cross-border partners through different Planning and response actions have been put in place to reach modalities. This includes “telemedicine,” which provides much out all governorates in Syria with essential vaccines through needed technical medical advice and expertise for diagnosis both cross-line and cross-border health partners and national and treatment of the most critical and difficult cases remotely authorities with the next two rounds. These figures are not through the internet by experts living outside of Syria included in the DPT3 coverage indicator because children have not received the full three doses required yet. Strengthened supervision and monitoring of cross-line and cross-border assistance was seen in the first half of 2016 Progress was also made in the surveillance system with the amongst the hubs. This took shape in the form of increased percentage of sentinel sites submitting weekly surveillance coordination with local health officials across the country. report increasing to 90 per cent during the reporting period, Health Directorates and Local Councils continue to play key meaning that 1,391 out of 1,545 sentinel sites were regularly roles in coordinating the provision of health supplies, and submitting weekly epidemiological reports that track trends 39 improved relationships between the health cluster/working and outbreaks in communicable diseases. This is essential to groups and local health officials across the country was a key prevent, investigate and respond to disease outbreaks. A major emphasis of 2016. This also resulted in better coordination gap in the response concerns the availability of Emergency and communication between health assistance coming from Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmONC) services in health Damascus and the cross-border hubs. facilities. The sector reached only 26 per cent of the 250 targeted health facilities providing EmONC. It’s likely that this represents significant under-reporting (only one hub is reporting in this indicator), but also reflects the shortage of CHALLENGES EmONC services across Syria. This is a significant gap that remains and plans are underway with Sexual and Reproductive Obstruction of humanitarian access: Health sub-clusters across all three hubs to strategize with Violence, insecurity, and shifting conflict lines continue to partners to scale up EmONC services at health facilities they obstruct timely deliveries of vaccines, medicines and health support across the country. supplies to affected populations, while parties to the conflict continue to deliberately interfere and impose restrictions A further concern relates to the limited number of health on access and humanitarian assistance. The health sector is care workers trained, with only 8,485 of the 30,000 health continuously involved in advocating for regular evacuation of personnel targeted receiving training (28 per cent) to date. people and their families in need of immediate and advanced This is mainly due to access constraints and difficulties getting medical care outside of hard-to-reach and besieged locations, staff in and out of Syria for training. including guaranteeing safety and security for their return after the treatment. KEY DEVELOPMENTS Disruption of services: One of the key objectives of health sector was to put in place sustained delivery of medicines, vaccines, medical consumables Health Cluster partners reported 128 reported attacks on hospitals, and medical equipment for hard-to-reach and besieged PHCs, warehouses, medical workers and medical vehicles between locations. To drive this process the sector focused on better January and June 2016, of which 29 have been verified and 98 are assessing needs in these locations and linking needs to the in process of verification. As a result, the health sector increased its sector planning process. The sector was able to conduct rapid advocacy efforts for greater respect of the civilian nature of health assessments of the health care situation in besieged and HTR facilities and personnel and international humanitarian law, issuing locations to monitor impact of the crisis on the population press statements and news releases on access, attacks, removals, deliveries to hard-to-reach and besieged locations, and conducted ••Fragmented health information systems across Syria do not higher level advocacy through established working groups and allow for standardized monitoring of the health status of the health diplomacy channels. The targeting of health facilities have Syrian population partially or totally damaged physical infrastructure and disrupted ••Lack of a defined basic package of health services means services. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of public hospitals availability of health services is fragmented and inconsistent and two thirds of obstetric care centres being either damaged or at different levels of care completely out of service. This is compounded by the targeting of health workers, and has significantly reduced the supply of services •• Strengthening the national adaptation strategy for people living to affected populations. with disabilities taking into account the considerable increase in the number of people in need of physical rehabilitation ••Commencement of early recovery and rehabilitation on Human resources & capacity building: short term, mid and long term basis The vast and continuous exodus of health workforce – ••Insufficient health infrastructure due to targeting of including, to date, almost half of health care providers, health facilities including surgeons, anaesthesiologists, laboratory professionals, and female reproductive health professions- has significantly affected Syria’s public health profile. Those who remain frequently encounter difficulties in accessing their work place. PRIORITY ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN In addition, Syrian local health partners are constrained in The expansion of routine and outbreak vaccination activities crossing borders for training and capacity building purposes; in besieged and hard-to-reach areas must be prioritized: both in Jordan and Turkey there are limitations for the crossing of staff from and into Syria. The issue of medical and non- ••As the removal of surgical and other emergency medical medical staff salaries is an ongoing challenge in southern supplies from health convoys continues, health partners will and northern Syria and recruitment of staff is still difficult, continue to advocate for the importance of these life-saving especially with regard to specialized skills. supplies, and will continue to include these items in all shipments ••A coordinated health sector advocacy strategy needs 40 Coordination, data and information sharing: to be further developed on addressing protection of Communication with partners and health facility focal humanitarian space, particularly with regard to health points inside Syria remains a challenge since internet and facilities and health workers mobile connections are not always available. Coordination mechanisms such as working groups are now in place ••Although coordination mechanisms are in place, inter- but swift coordinated response to events of an emergency hub coordination and information sharing must be nature are not always achievable as information sharing strengthened and streamlined among NGOs and between NGOs and UN agencies remains •• Development of a common health information system (HIS) inadequate in some hubs. to collect routine morbidity and mortality information ••As a traditional health information system is difficult to maintain with population movement and security Funding: instability, health actors should consider alternative Remains a challenge as the health sector 2016 HRP appeal methods of patient registration, record keeping and remains only 10 per cent funded. However, the sector is likely reporting, in addition to coordination with local actors (e.g. to be funded at around 20 per cent but many agencies have councils and directorates) not updated the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). ••Standardization of an essential package of health services to ensure quality control and consistency in services offered and different levels of health care at facilities across Syria KEY GAPS ••A master training plan needs to be developed by the three ••There is an increasing need for medicines, especially for hubs for what remains of the year clearly identifying key non-communicable diseases, across the country priority areas as well as gaps in resources •• Gap in the availability of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal ••Ensuring safe medical evacuations from areas that are Care (EmONC) at health facilities across the country besieged and/or do where there is not available care ••Lack of routine immunization services in large parts of the •• The evolving situation in Aleppo with 300,000 people country, particularly northern, eastern and southern Syria trapped in the eastern part of Aleppo City requires all health sector partners to undertake all efforts to provide the ••Shortage of qualified mental health professionals to address necessary support with life-saving and life-sustaining medical an increasing burden of MH on the Syrian population supplies by all possible cross-line and cross-border means NUTRITION FUNDING ANALYSIS

Key Indicators 3.1 Million People in Need Target Progress 1.9 Million People targeted

# of Pregnant and lactating women counselled on Million People covered appropriate IYCF 1.8 acute malnutrition (SAM) or moderate 266,368 PROGRESS TOWARDS acute malnutrition (MAM). All cases 94% 251,052 CLUSTER OBJECTIVES received specialised treatment. Access restrictions, however, continue to impede The nutrition sector response strategy the continuous and reliable identification # of children 6-59 months receiving Lipid based for 2016 aims to scale up preventive nutrient supplement (LNS) of cases as treatment programme barely nutrition services, sustain curative exists in the majority of hard-to-reach services, and expand a multi-sectoral 915,249 and all besieged areas where the bulk of approach to ensure maximum nutrition cases are believed to be high. 92% 837,774 service delivery – particularly for children below five years of age and The sector advanced well in developing pregnant and lactating women. During the partners’ capacity to deliver quality # of health workers trained on CMAM and IYCF the reporting period, the WoS Nutrition nutrition interventions. During the 2,000 Sector made significant progress reporting period, over 2,499 health towards these objectives. workers and community volunteers, 2,499 125% including both males and females (125 Particular advances were made in percent of the target), were trained delivering preventive nutrition services. # of children 6-59 screened for malnutrition on appropriate infant and young Around 837,774 girls and boys under child feeding (IYCF) and community 730,000 five (92 per cent of target), received management of acute malnutrition Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements 67% 557,450 (CMAM) practices. Additional (LNS), for four months administered investments in partners’ capacity are 41 mainly through health facilities, needed, however. The nutrition sector # of under 5 and PLWs receiving micronutrients nutrition centres and a network of target will also need to be adjusted for community outreach teams. This the second half of 2016. 1,048,433 achievement contributes to bridging 22% 230,312 gaps resulted by insufficient delivery of The aforementioned achievements have micronutrient supplementation” among been recorded mainly in accessible children under 5, where only 230,312 areas in Syria in addition to some hard # of children 6-59 months treated for MAM and (22 per cent of target) children under to reach and besieged areas. SAM five and pregnant women received The treatment of acute malnutrition micronutrient supplementation. 26,007 is carried out from Damascus and 29% 7,430 Additionally, community based through cross-border operations by counselling and awareness raising on implementing partners, including breastfeeding and complementary INGOs, National NGOs, SARC, and feeding reached 251,052 pregnant and the Ministry of Health (MoH) through lactating women (94 per cent of the trained health workers supported by target) to promote infant and young trained community volunteers. More child feeding practices and prevent of investment in partners’ capacities is under nutrition. required to increase identification of malnourished children, particularly at Regarding the therapeutic and community level. Despite difficulties supplementary nutrition services, sector in monitoring cases, sector/cluster partners screened 557,450 girls and boys partners believe that the target of cases under five (76 percent of the target) for suffering from malnutrition has been early identification of acute malnutrition over estimated in the HNO – based in community centres and health facilities on data available last year - and that (76 per cent of target). The identified the actual number of cases is less than cases of malnutrition were referred to previously assessed. therapeutic or supplementary feeding programmes for treatment. Around Malnutrition cases are believed to affect, 7,430 children (29 percent of the target) mostly, besieged and hard-to-reach were discovered as suffering from severe areas compared to accessible areas where the majority of the treated cases are reported. Reaching ••The sector is facing significant funding gaps affecting and treating cases in these areas, however, remains a key delivery of comprehensive nutrition response to all areas challenge for the sector/cluster, particularly because treating including besieged and hard-to-reach. malnourished children requires sustainable and regular access ••Information and evidence generation remains a key over several months. On the other hand, improved access to challenge in besieged and hard-to-reach areas making besieged and some hard-to-reach areas has made the delivery nutrition programming difficult. of nutrition supplies through interagency convoys possible. An estimated 424,818 children and women benefited from these efforts in more than 50 areas in the last six months. KEY GAPS IDPs in both shelters and within the community have also been regularly targeted with preventive nutrition services, Delivery of preventive and curative nutrition services, including such as, supplementation of micronutrients, Lipid-based treatment for moderate and severe acute malnutrition and nutrients, High Energy Biscuit and promotion and counselling provision of micronutrient supplements, are negatively services while providing curative nutrition services, including impacted by limited access and funding. These are constraining identification and management of acute malnutrition. sector partners’ efforts to deliver comprehensive nutrition services, particularly in hard-to-reach and besieged areas where the need is the highest and where therapeutic services are KEY DEVELOPMENTS more expensive. To date, only 42 per cent of the targeted sub- districts in hard to reach locations are being reached. A SMART nutrition assessment was implemented during the Despite the delivery of nutrition supplies in besieged areas, reporting period in accessible areas within 11 out of the 14 establishing sustained nutrition services that will allow for the governorates in Syria (with the exception of Idleb, Deir-ez- continuation of provision of nutrition support in treatment Zor and Ar Raqqa Governorates besieged and hard-to-reach of cases and supplementation of nutrient products in the areas). The analysis of findings is underway and the final report health facilities and communities remains a key gap. The is expected to be released in the coming month. Based on the time required to treat malnourished children is two to four results of the assessment, the sector will revise its 2016 targets months, but access to these areas is rather unpredictable and for the curative indicators, including SAM and MAM figures. 42 the only means of reaching women and children in besieged Moreover, the nutrition sector is embarking on addressing areas is through inter-agency convoys. multi-sectoral linkages. Joint sector planning with food security Moreover, there is a need for greater facilitation of inter- is underway to streamline food aid with nutrition interventions. sectoral linkages, particularly in relation to health, food security and agriculture, WASH and protection for joint multi-sectoral monitoring and evaluation purposes of CHALLENGES nutrition interventions across the humanitarian response. •• Intensified fighting in Aleppo Governorate displaced tens of thousands of people, interrupting the delivery of nutrition services and increasing the vulnerability of host communities. ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN •• Ongoing conflict and population displacement - including Efforts are underway to improve the linkages with other multiple displacements – in addition to shifting front lines sectors such as Food Security and Agriculture. The nutrition have led to an increase in the vulnerability of children and food security and agriculture sectors are planning under 5 years and pregnant women to acute malnutrition training on nutrition sensitive agriculture in early July 2016, and micronutrient deficiencies and are rendering nutrition aimed at bringing partners from the two sectors together. responses ever more challenging. Malnourished children Advocacy around access to besieged and hard-to-reach areas need continuous follow up for at least two to three months is paramount and will continue over the coming months. for appropriate treatment, and this cannot be ensured with Strengthened identification of opportunities to expand and ongoing displacements. Additionally, the lack of privacy sustain delivery of nutrition service in besieged and hard-to-reach interrupts breast feeding and the hygienic and health feeding areas will be sought after, in coordination with the Whole of Syria. practices for children, further enhancing their vulnerability. Advocacy with donors to increase funding for nutrition •• Access was also hampered by insecurity, affecting supply programming will be scaled up to meet the increasing pipelines. Delivery of essential nutrition supplies to some of the demand for services. hard to reach areas including East Aleppo, Western countryside and parts of Rural Damascus were affected by insecurity. •• Access to some of the besieged areas in Rural Damascus and Damascus remained a challenge as recent inter-agency convoys were not realized due to the delayed/lack of approval. SHELTER – NFI FUNDING ANALYSIS

Shelter Key Indicators Target 2.4 Million People in Need Progress

# of people that have received emergency shelter 1.2 Million People targeted assistance 0.16 Million People covered 1.2 mil 13% 175,200 NFI

5.3 Million People in Need # of people that have received emergency NFI assistance 5.3 Million People Targeted 5.3 mil 79% 4,282,800 4.2 Million People covered

With regards to shelter assistance, # of people assisted with durable shelter solutions PROGRESS TOWARDS progress to date has been mixed. Only CLUSTER OBJECTIVES 13 per cent of the target has so far been 147,500 reached (162,000 people of 1.2 million 4% 5,900 The Shelter and Non-Food Items persons targeted). Assistance provided (NFI) sector response strategy for 2016 generally includes rehabilitation aimed at providing life-saving and of private shelters, provision and life-sustaining support to crisis affected installation of emergency shelter kits, populations - particularly IDPs and construction materials, and tools for host communities- and contribute to private or shared shelters. Shelter the resilience and cohesion of these assistance is provided in 11 of 14 43 communities by improving housing governorates. Increased efforts for and community/public infrastructures. shelter programming have been made Mid-year, the sector is well on track based on shelter-specific assessments in with regard to NFI assistance but has localized areas. In the wake of significant faced challenges in providing much displacements, a number of rapid needed shelter support. response assessments were rolled out Since the beginning of the year, 4.2 to ensure the operational response was million vulnerable people benefited from matched and sufficient to needs. NFI assistance (79 per cent of the 5.3 Across the response, Shelter and million yearly target) in 13 of Syria’s 14 NFI Coordinators have agreed on governorates. This includes non-food common procedures to enhance item kits, tools, winter assistance such complementarities between the sectors. as clothing and fuel for heating, and These include agreeing on a common other essential items. Approximately approach to emergency planning 1.4 million of these beneficiaries were and preparedness; stock and pipeline reached in besieged and hard to reach planning; regular analyses of overlaps areas (including 200,000 through Inter and gaps, assessment planning, etc. Since Agency convoys). The sector continues January, new procedures and minimum to promote age and gender diversity standards are guiding the response. The mainstreaming in all its interventions to sector continues to invest in building accommodate specific needs of various the capacity of local and NGO actors affected population groups. Available Post responding to the crisis to ensure the Distribution Monitoring Reports indicate sustainability of efforts. that the majority of households supported are single-headed or include a significant percentage of persons with other specific needs such as disabilities. The sector continues to aim to better address possible protection risks through assessment and monitoring of distributions. quality household level support. There is also insufficient KEY DEVELOPMENTS data on the degree to which Housing, Land and Property The context has changed mostly in relation to access and rights issues affect concerned populations, and a limited in relation to actors serving southern and northern Syria. understanding on how disputes may be solved at the In southern Syria, the year began with an intensification community level. There are presently no programmes of conflict, which led to large-scale displacement. This was addressing HLP needs of affected communities. followed by relative calm and fewer movements of people, ••Security and access constraints have prevented the through the cessation of hostilities. However, the increase in development of rapid response mechanisms and a robust fighting between armed opposition groups in southwestern delivery and monitoring system. Dar’a has resulted in a shrinking of the humanitarian space with access increasingly a challenge. For northern Syria, the ••Other operational gaps are felt in relation to inter-agency intensification of conflict and displacements in South/South- convoys which are only accessible by UN agencies despite West Aleppo Governorate, Idleb Governorate and the frontlines the availability of stocks from international NGOs and moving towards the Turkey border in the area of Azaz have other partners. For operations in areas controlled by resulted in multiple large- and medium-scale displacements the Government of Syria, only UN agencies are allowed and repeated needs for shelter and NFIs. to conduct Post Distribution Monitoring, despite the willingness of other sector partners to participate. CHALLENGES Key Challenges in delivery of Shelter and NFI support include: ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN ••Humanitarian space, which continues to be limited due to insecurity and fighting, proliferation of checkpoints, In order to address the challenges and gaps in relation to active frontlines, and tactics of besiegement which restrict information and population needs, the sector is working movements and prevent assistance of delivery in areas to conduct objective, credible and comprehensive needs experiencing frequent and high intensity of conflict. assessments in the NFI and shelter areas. Monitoring efforts, including post-distribution monitoring and reporting is being ••Bureaucratic procedures in some areas and unpredictability improved and advocacy to remove constraints to carry out of access which often delay humanitarian support. 44 PDM is being strengthened. ••Limitation of partnerships due to limited technical In relation to shelter specifically (in conflict-affected areas), capacities: there is a general lack of organisations with the sector members are already analyzing ways and means to shift technical skills and capacity to undertake more sustainable away from an emergency response mode and focus more on shelter works, which limits the scaling-up of shelter sustainable household-appropriate solutions. Shelter sector programming. members are also engaging with the protection sector and ••Local market prices and limited goods in the local market relevant and qualified partners to identify and establish efforts are also a key limitation. on Housing, Land, and Property issues. ••Trans-shipments through border crossing points has The sector is continuing to work with the newly-agreed/ become unpredictable and overstretched the capacity of developed tools for stockpile monitoring, emergency functional crossing points. preparedness, and overlaps and gaps analysis/planning in order to have a more coordinated response focused on As with each year, the winter season presents particular addressing the under-served areas of Syria. challenges which require advance planning, stockpiling, and delivery – all of which take place in an unpredictable The sector will also continue to advocate for increased access (weather/funding) and fluid (conflict) context. and identify innovative means for delivery of assistance in those areas where the needs are most evident and where assistance can be provided in a safe and efficient manner. KEY GAPS With regard to winter assistance and planning, at the time of writing, the sector has been working with members well ••The key gap of the sector pertains to shelter provision. in advance of the season in order to ensure members are Sector members would like to move toward a more prepared, relevant gaps identified, and advocacy for funding is sustainable shelter response programming that is more stepped up to respond to needs. fit-for-purpose to the specific needs of the population. Many IDPs live with host communities, others return to their homes, and others are frequently displaced and simply looking for a safe place to stay. In conflict-affected areas, the lack of specialized shelter organisations, combined with a historical programmeme focus on emergency shelter, has resulted in a default response favouring support to larger collective shelters rather than safer and higher WASH FUNDING ANALYSIS

Key Indicators 12.1 Million People in Need Target Progress 14.7 Million People targeted

# (estimated) of people benefiting from support to Million People covered operation and maintenance. 16.4

14,754,693 through 318 systems by the Gaziantep 111% 16,438,006* PROGRESS TOWARDS hub, and 470,000 people through 95 CLUSTER OBJECTIVES systems by the Amman hub.

# (estimated) of individuals with access to essential The WASH sector response strategy for 2016 WASH NFIs. aimed at restoring and maintaining existing Support to these systems included water, sewage and waste systems and 4,460,553 the provision of sodium hypochlorite reducing excess morbidity and mortality for water disinfection; provision of 62% 2,770,0820 through the provision of emergency WASH equipment such as pumps, generators assistance to vulnerable groups, including and chlorinators; provision of spare IDPs. During the reporting period, the parts, drilling and rehabilitation of wells; # (estimated) of individuals benefitting from WASH sector made significant progress access to improved life-saving/ emergency WASH training of personnel on operations and facilities and services. towards these objectives: management, and cost recovery; and, in some cases, direct support to operation 5,828,288 Support to WASH Systems and maintenance costs, such as fuel. 43% 2,562,209 As per its first objective, the WASH sector HUB # SYSTEMS CATCHMENT continued its support to maintaining POPULATION # (estimated) of individuals reached through public infrastructure as the most effective community mobilization activities establishing means of securing quality services for the Gaziantep 318 2,096,780 water safety plans and improving hygiene largest number of people possible. During Damascus 296 13,870,969 45 7,320,691 the reporting period, the sector supported Amman 95 470,257 709 water and sewage systems, benefiting 6% 463,823 an estimated 16.4 million people5 living TOTAL 709 16,438,006 in catchment areas supplied by these # (estimated) of individuals benefitting from systems. Overall, 13.8 million people were The map below illustrates the location, and vector control activities reached through 296 systems supported size of the catchment population of the by the Damascus hub; 2 million people systems being supported. 3416440 83% 2,827,327 WASH SYSTEM SUPPORT JAN-JUN 2016

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TURKEY ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! # (estimated) of local partners and authorities ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! receiving WASH technical training and capacity ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! building ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Al-Hasakeh! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Aleppo ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2091 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Idleb ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lattakia! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ar-Raqqa ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1% ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Hama! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Deir-ez-Zor! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tartous ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homs ! ! ! ! ! ! !

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! LEBANON ! ! !

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! ! ! ! ! ! LEGEND ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Water System / Catchment Population ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 - 24,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! UNDOF ! Rural Damascus ! Damascus! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 24,001 - 99,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Non-Populated Areas ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 99,001 - 350,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! North Hub ! ! IRAQ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Damascus Hub ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 350,001 - 1,025,000 ! ! Quneitra! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! South Hub ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! JORDAN ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Dar'a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1,025,001 - 2,220,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! As-Sweida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 30 60 120 KM ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ± ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! !

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5. Due to continuous population movements, estimations of catchment population vary. The sector is working with plant managers to update figures. Direct assistance to vulnerable people Water quality is also an issue for water sold on the market by private vendors, especially in areas where the centralized In terms of direct assistance, the sector reached cumulatively water quality surveillance system has collapsed. The sector an estimated 8,204,895 people with the following supplies and is working in supporting local councils and private sector to services: the provision of essential hygiene items (1.9 million minimize the risks to public health. people); water trucking (1.6 million people); household level water purification (1.3 million people); and emergency water Finally, longer term planning when providing essential and sanitation infrastructure (600,000 people). A further services to the newly displaced must be considered, as 2.8 million people were reached by vector control measures receiving only minimal assistance for the long-term may lead such as insecticide spraying and distribution of mosquito to negative health and psychological impacts while increased nets. The sector also started the introduction of water safety assistance levels may represent a pull factor. These concerns plans at community and water vendor level, including intense need to be carefully weighed, as well as cost considerations, community mobilization, covering 500,000 people, and for many of the informal settlements that are into their second implemented WASH in schools programmes benefitting year of establishment. 140,000 students. Overall, 5.5 million direct beneficiaries were reached by the Gaziantep hub (including the 2.8 on vector control); 2.3 million by Damascus; and 400,000 from Amman. KEY GAPS The table below illustrates the number of beneficiaries by activity and by hub. For the infrastructure sector in general, power supply is certainly the main constraint to continued service delivery. Supplementary power via generators is extremely expensive. Inter-agency Convoys Further, both the cost, as well as donor and government During the reporting period, the WASH sector reached nine restrictions, do not allow the sector to engage in the support besieged locations, covering 230,578 people, (225,213 from needed to provide to operation and maintenance to scale. Damascus and 5,365 from cross-border) and 44 hard-to-reach The gaps of services from centralized water supply systems locations, covering 941,562 people approximately (381,129 are filled by the unregulated private sector that, for majority from cross-border and 560,433 from Damascus). of Syrians, has become either their main or secondary source 46 of drinking water. While efficient and flexible, such supply is expensive for the poorest part of the population, and in the CHALLENGES absence of recognition and regulation, it is difficult to include it in an efficient surveillance system to minimize risks to public health. WASH partners have identified the below key challenges impeding the effective scaling up of the response in the first This is exacerbated by the lack of adequate overall funding, as well half of the year: as the threats to the safety and security of operational partners. ••Access and security continues to be a challenge to operations from all hubs, especially those seeking to respond in ISIL-held and besieged communities ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN ••Funding gaps have severely affected the sector’s ability to Support to infrastructure will remain the main objective scale up its response of the sector, possibly with increased focus on chlorination devices. Rehabilitation might be associated with operations ••Water and sanitation infrastructure is facing significant and maintenance activities where local capacity is deficient, wear and tear due to lack of operation and maintenance with the objective of building local capacity. Pilot projects ••Heavy bureaucratic procedures have had an overall negative for the establishment of tariff and cost recovery systems will impact on programming be continued and evaluated. Other pilot projects underway on the establishment of water safety plans at community and •• Capacity building of local actors remains a challenge. Despite water vendor level will also be continued and evaluated. efforts, it has still not been possible to run any face-to-face training for local staff based in southern Syria given the Emergency services to IDPs and the highly vulnerable security situation population in the form of access to safe water, hygiene items, sanitation and solid waste management will also continue to Lack of electricity is, overall, the main challenge for water be a priority of the sector. infrastructure, as confirmed by a recent cross border water systems survey. Standby Power Generation, the only backup solution in some locations, could only result in an increase of water availability by 22.86 per cent to 34.73 per cent. The survey also highlighted that while the infrastructure efficiency is generally on the low side, the chlorination infrastructure efficiency alone is even lower. It seems that due to the crisis and weakened monitoring, the focus is more on pumping water with lesser emphasis on the quality aspect. LOGISTICS FUNDING ANALYSIS

Key Indicators PROGRESS TOWARDS KEY GAPS

Target CLUSTER OBJECTIVES The Logistics Cluster has identified the Progress The Syria Logistics Cluster (LC) is in line following logistics gaps: to achieve its main 2016 targets in support ••Restrictions on movement of # of organisations assisted of the humanitarian community. 240 out of humanitarian cargo and need to 284 Service Requests were fulfilled, leading increase Inter-Agency Humanitarian 20 to an 86 per cent fulfilment rate for the first Convoys to reach the most difficult 90% 18 six months of the year, despite a complex to access locations in Syria as well as and challenging environment and access common transport services. constraints. Between January and June # of Logistics services requests fulfilled 2016, 18 humanitarian organisations were ••Need for the coordination of cross- supported through LC’s services. border transshipment services (from 95% Jordan and Turkey to Syria). 90% 86% The LC provides a total storage capacity of over 14,000 m² in five storage hubs ••Lack of a reliable fuel supply chain. around the country. So far in 2016, multiple ••Need for coordination and circulation # of Convoys per month (average monthly) partners have used these warehouses to of logistics information. store a total of around 6,000 m³ of relief 4 items. Inside Syria, as part of inter-agency ••Increasing need for dedicated logistics 275% 11 humanitarian convoys, the LC organized trainings. the transport of approximately 32,000 m³ of relief items through 68 convoys to the most hard to reach and besieged locations ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN in the governorates of Aleppo, Homs, and Rural Damascus. The transport of an The number of Inter-Agency additional 350 m³ of relief supplies has been Humanitarian Convoys has significantly augmented since the Geneva and facilitated through common transport (on 47 a cost-recovery basis) to accessible areas Munich meetings of early 2016 and the across Syria. The LC, via WFP, continues LC will continue to capitalize on the to maintain a strategic reserve of diesel in increased access, adjusting the number its fuel depot in Damascus, and can provide of convoys organized accordingly. fuel to partners on a cost-recovery basis in Plans are in place for the organisation case of supply shortages. of emergency airlifts to reach the Under Security Council Resolutions most isolated locations in the country, 2165/2191/2258, the LC continues to should there be an urgent need to move support cross-border activities through humanitarian relief items by air, due the crossing points of Ar-Ramtha (Jordan) to disruption of normal supply lines and Bab al Hawa and Bab al Salama or where there are no other means of (Turkey). Coordination meetings are held access. Additional logistics trainings will in Damascus, Amman and Gaziantep be organised across the Whole of Syria. and information products are regularly disseminated. In order to strengthen the capacity of national staff, a shipping workshop has been organized in Damascus in April 2016. A total of 30 national staff from 11 partner organisations attended the workshop. This document is produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in collaboration with humanitarian partners. The designations employed and the presentation of material on this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or its boundaries. This version was issued on 18 October.

www.unocha.org/syria www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/syria @OCHASyria