DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA
Preschool Census
DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA
Preschool Census
Tbilisi 2013 Copyright © United Nations Children’s Fund 2014
UNICEF 9 Eristavi Str. UN House 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia Tel: 995 32 2 23 23 88, 2 25 11 30 e-mail: [email protected] www.unicef.ge
December, 2014 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...... 5
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ON PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS ...... 6
2. STAFF AND CHILDREN’S GROUPS IN PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS ...... 13
3. FACILITATING/ORGANIZING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ...... 41
4. EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENT AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 46
5. CHILD NUTRITION AND AFTERNOON NAP ...... 54
6. INFRASTRUCTURE OF KINDERGARTENS ...... 63
7. SANITATION AND HYGIENE ...... 71
8. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ...... 77
9. FINANCING SCHEMES ...... 80
ANNEX ...... 91
10. SOURCES OF FINANCING AND EXPENDITURE IN PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS ...... 103
3
DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
INTRODUCTION
In line with the grant agreement between UNICEF and Geostat which was concluded on 4 December 2012, Geostat carried out a project entitled ‘Data Collection for Early Learning and Child Protectionin Georgia’ during the period 4 December 2012 to 7 June 2013.
The following project activities were accomplished by Geostat:
• The list of early learning indicators was determined and a pilot questionnaire was designed.
• A pilot survey was carried out.
• A final questionnaire with relevant instructions was prepared.
• The list of public preschool institutions was updated.
• Survey field work was conducted, with subsequent data entry and data processing, database cleaning and analysis.
• The final analytical report was prepared.
The fieldwork covered 1,259 public preschool institutions (kindergartens) in Georgia. The number of kindergartens across regions is set out in the table below.
Region Number of kindergartens Tbilisi 157 Adjara 57 Guria 70 Imereti 239 Kakheti 205 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 55 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 36 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 226 Samtskhe-Javakheti 34 Kvemo Kartli 84 Shida Kartli 96 Total 1,259
Note: One kindergarten in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti was closed in July 2012 for renovation work.
During the period 2011/2012, a total of 15 kindergartens were not open. These were as follows: one in each of the three regions (Adjara, Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Shida Kartli); two in each of the Imereti and Samegrelo- Zemo Svaneti regions; three in Guria, and five in Kakheti. Thus, data for the academic year 2011/2012 are available for 1,244 kindergartens.
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1. GENERAL INFORMATION ON PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS
Most preschool institutions1in Georgia have been in operation since 1970. The organizational status that app lies to kindergartens is that of a ‘not-for-profit legal entity’. Kindergartens across regions are mainly accountable to preschool institution management agencies (PIMAs) in the preschools’ respective municipalities. The PIMA is directly responsible for the management of kindergartens. However, there are some exceptions where the kindergartens are administered directly by the municipal authorities.
The majority of kindergartens indicated that the PIMA is responsible for finances and educational programmes/ plans, while the kindergartens deal with the children’s registration process.
The PIMA participates in all aspects of the kindergarten’s operations. Its main functions are assessment, monitoring, analyses of educational processes and methodological support of kindergartens; it also has responsibility for issues such as improvement of staff members’ knowledge, provision of standards, data processing and analyses.
In 2011/2012 the fees for attending kindergartens varied between GEL 3 and GEL 80. In 24 kindergartens attendance was free. The highest fees were reported in Tbilisi.
Of the 1,259 kindergartens operating in Georgia in 2012/2013, 36.6 per cent commenced operations before 1970. Some 35 per cent of kindergartens in Adjara and 23 per cent of kindergartens in Guria commenced operations in the period 2005–2009.
Chart 1.1 Preschool institutions by year of starting operation (%)
2010 or later
2005-2009
2000-2004
1995-1999 Rural 1990-1994 Urban 1980-1989
1970-1979
Before 1970
0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0
The least number of opening hours per day (4 hours) was reported in Samegrelo and the highest number (11 hours) was reported in Tbilisi, Adjara and Imereti.
1 The terms “preschool institution” and “kindergarten” are synonyms, and will be used interchangeably.
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It should be noted that 61.2 per cent of Tbilisi kindergartens open for 9 hours per day, while in Kvemo Kartli 89.3 per cent of kindergartens open for 8 hours a day. The shortest average duration of a working day (7.8 hours) was reported in Racha-Lechkhumi and the longest (9.5 hours) in Adjara.
Table 1.1 Average daily opening hours of preschool institutions
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 9.2 - 9.2 Adjara 9.8 9.2 9.5 Guria 8.5 8.6 8.6 Imereti 8.6 8.3 8.4 Kakheti 8.2 7.9 7.9 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 8.6 8.4 8.5 Racha-Lechkhumi 8.8 7.7 7.8 Samegrelo 8.5 7.9 8.0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 9.2 8.3 8.9 Kvemo Kartli 8.2 8.1 8.1 Shida Kartli 8.7 8.5 8.6 Total 8.8 8.2 8.4
Fifty per cent of kindergartens reported that, in exceptional cases, parents have the right to bring their children to the kindergarten and collect them again at times that suit them. This flexibility is only available as standard in 6.8 per cent of kindergartens. In the remaining kindergartens parents must follow the schedule determined by the administration. It should be noted that none of the kindergartens in Adjara allow parents to bring and collect a child at a time that suits the parents.
Table 1.2 Time of bringing/collecting child/children to/from a kindergarten (%)
Parents have the right Parents have the right to Parents should to bring/collect child/ bring/collect child/children bring/take child/ children to/from the to/from the kindergarten at Region children to/from kindergarten at a a time that suits the parents kindergarten only at time that suits the any time, only in exceptional scheduled time parents cases Tbilisi 12.7 74.5 12.7 Adjara - 64.9 35.1 Guria 1.4 57.1 41.4 Imereti 2.5 54.4 43.1 Kakheti 5.9 38.5 55.6 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 1.8 43.6 54.5 Racha-Lechkhumi 5.6 83.3 11.1 Samegrelo 11.1 41.6 47.3 Samtskhe-Javakheti 17.6 26.5 55.9 Kvemo Kartli 2.4 27.4 70.2 Shida Kartli 10.4 53.1 36.5 Total 6.8 50.4 42.9
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The PIMA is the management authority of 94.5 per cent of kindergartens. The remaining 5.5 per cent of kindergartens operating in Dmanisi, Khashuri and Gori, and one kindergarten in each of the municipalities Borjomi, Akhalgori, Tsalka and Oni, are administered directly by municipal authorities.
Table 1.3 Breakdown of preschool institutions’ activities by the bodies responsible for them (%)
Local government Preschool institutions Preschool (local council, local Other management agency institution parliament, Mayor institution (PIMA) office) Setting the budget of the 18.1 60.8 35.8 0.1 preschool institution Registration of children’s 73.5 32.2 1.2 0.0 admission Determining the parents’ 18.3 51.2 41.0 0.1 contribution
Determining fee waivers 8.3 46.5 51.4 0.1 Development of learning- educational programmes/ 44.3 61.5 3.4 1.6 plans
In Georgia, budget preparation for 60.8 per cent of kindergartens is the responsibility of the management authorities. In Tbilisi, however, the majority of kindergartens (76.4 per cent) are themselves responsible for budgeting. It should be noted that in Kakheti the local government is responsible for budget development for 53.7 per cent of kindergartens; in Shida Kartli responsibility for budget preparation is almost equally distributed among kindergartens (37.5 per cent), the management authority (36.5 per cent) and local government (35.4 per cent).
In 73.5 per cent of cases, the registration of children for enrolment is the responsibility of the kindergarten. However, for 89.5 per cent of kindergartens in Adjara and 54.4 per cent of those in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti the management authorities are responsible for registration.
In 51.2 per cent of kindergartens, the management authority is responsible for determining fees to be paid by parents. However, the situation varies across regions. Responsibility for fee determination in Tbilisi (67.5 per cent) and Shida Kartli (53.1 per cent) lies primarily with the kindergarten, while in Adjara, Imereti, Kakheti and Samtskhe-Javakheti it is the responsibility of local government. The situation is similar in relation to fee exemptions/benefits. In Shida Kartli 44.8 per cent of kindergartens determine fee benefits themselves; for 28.1 per cent of kindergartens this decision is made by management authorities, and for 29.2 per cent of kindergartens by local government.
Development/adoption of the educational programme/plan is the responsibility of a management authority for 61.5 per cent of kindergartens. In Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Shida Kartli more than half of kindergartens indicated that the aforementioned function is their responsibility. In Tbilisi, programme development is mainly the responsibility of local government and of other institutions in 17.2 per cent and 10.8 per cent of cases, respectively.
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Table 1.4 Distribution of preschool institutions by the functions of the management authority (%)
Assessment, Further development/ Methodological Providing Technical monitoring and improvement of Region support of different support/ data analyses of the human resources/staff kindergartens standards processing early learning capacity building process
Tbilisi 89.8 74.5 75.8 73.9 98.1 Adjara 87.7 78.9 68.4 45.6 86.0 Guria 84.3 67.1 64.3 51.4 91.4 Imereti 96.2 78.7 79.1 69.9 91.6 Kakheti 85.9 59.0 49.3 42.0 82.9 Mtskheta- 89.1 70.9 65.5 70.9 92.7 Mtianeti Racha- 97.2 86.1 72.2 86.1 88.9 Lechkhumi Samegrelo 88.1 63.3 57.1 40.7 89.4 Samtskhe- 85.3 67.6 55.9 50.0 85.3 Javakheti Kvemo Kartli 81.0 73.8 67.9 47.6 84.5 Shida Kartli 81.3 67.7 46.9 43.8 80.2 Total 88.5 70.0 63.9 55.0 88.8
Assessment, monitoring and analysis of the educational process are the function of a management authority in 88.8 per cent of kindergartens. This applies equally to kindergartens in urban and rural areas.
Methodological support was cited by 88.5 per cent of kindergartens as being the function of a management authority, and 70 per cent identified improvement of staff knowledge as being the management authority’s function. The function of technical support/data processing and analysis was reported on by the least number of kindergartens (55 per cent).
It is important to note that 42.5 per cent of kindergartens (50.5 per cent of those in rural areas and 37.1 per cent in urban areas) stated that the functions of a management authority include all of those referred to above, namely methodological support of kindergartens, staff training, provision of standards, technical support/data processing and analysis, assessment, monitoring and evaluation of the educational process.
All five of the urban kindergarten sin Racha-Lechkhumi reported that management authorities implemented all of the aforementioned functions.
In 78.2 per cent of cases, kindergartens indicated that their management authority had a kindergarten development strategy. Approximately one-third of kindergartens in Mtskheta-Mtianeti (34.5 per cent) and in Shida Kartli (34.4 per cent) did not know whether the management authority had any strategy for kindergarten development.
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Table 1.5 Awareness of preschool institutions as to whether the management authority has a kindergarten development strategy (%)
Region Yes No Do not know Tbilisi 96.2 0.6 3.2 Adjara 77.2 10.5 12.3 Guria 95.7 - 4.3 Imereti 80.3 10.0 9.6 Kakheti 77.1 2.0 21.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 61.8 3.6 34.5 Racha-Lechkhumi 83.3 2.8 13.9 Samegrelo 77.9 2.7 19.5 Samtskhe-Javakheti 67.6 2.9 29.4 Kvemo Kartli 65.5 10.7 23.8 Shida Kartli 56.3 9.4 34.4 Total 78.2 5.0 16.8
Data are provided by 99.7 per cent of all kindergartens to the management authority or another public agency on an annual, or more frequent, basis. Only four kindergartens stated that they do not provide information to any agency.
Table 1.6 Breakdown of information provided by preschool institutions to indicated authority/authorities (%)
Management Local government (local Other authority of the council, local parliament, public preschool institution Mayor office) entities
Financial data 74.7 22.1 0.2
Information on total number of children 92.2 10.0 0.1 Various information about children (sex, 90.6 8.3 - age, ethnicity, special needs) Information about the number of places in 91.5 9.6 - kindergarten Information about conditions of the 85.6 18.8 - infrastructure Information about educational materials 90.1 11.0 - and inventory Information about manuals and 90.2 8.0 0.1 supporting literature
Kindergartens managed by the ‘preschool institution management agency’ (PIMA) (94.5 per cent of the total) generally report directly to this agency.
Financial information is not provided to anybody by 6.1 per cent of kindergartens. Most of these kindergartens are located in Imereti (13.8 per cent) and Samegrelo (11.5 per cent).
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Information on the total number of children is provided to the immediate management authority by 92.2 per cent of kindergartens. Six kindergartens do not provide this information to anyone.
Monthly fees paid by children’s parents for the academic year 2011/2012
In the academic year 2011/2012, attendance was free of charge in only 24 kindergartens. In particular, the attendance fee was abolished for all kindergartens located in Mestia, due to its high altitude; in one kindergarten located in the Akhalgori municipality (Tserovani IDPs settlement) the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) were exempt, as the municipality provided full funding. In three kindergartens in Lentekhi there was no attendance fee as the children’s parents provided the food themselves, while fees due to be paid by parents were also cancelled in one kindergarten in Shida Kartli.
In 2011/2012 the highest fee paid for kindergartens was in Tbilisi (80 GEL) and the lowest was in Racha- Lechkhumi (GEL 3 in the municipality of Tsageri).
Table 1.7 Parents’ average payments for public preschool institutions in the 2011/2012 school year (GEL)
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 50.8 - 50.8 Adjara 30.3 14.1 23.7 Guria 12.6 10.0 10.7 Imereti 13.4 12.6 12.9 Kakheti 9.3 9.0 9.1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 16.3 13.3 14.1 Racha-Lechkhumi 9.6 8.0 8.3 Samegrelo 20.9 13.1 15.1 Samtskhe-Javakheti 23.3 21.0 22.6 Kvemo Kartli 28.0 25.0 26.5 Shida Kartli 18.3 12.6 14.5
In Tbilisi the fees ranged from GEL 30 to GEL 80.
Table 1.8 Parents’ fees in preschool institutions for Tbilisi districts, academic year 2011/2012 (GEL)
District Minimum amount Maximum amount Average amount Gldani-Nadzaladevi 30 55 43 Didgori 30 55 34 Didube-Chughureti 40 75 54 Vake-Saburtalo 30 80 62 Isani-Samgori 30 80 45 Old Tbilisi 45 80 64
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In Adjara attendance fees ranged from GEL 5 to GEL 35.
Table 1.9 Parents’ fees in preschool institutions of Adjara municipalities, academic year 2011/2012 (GEL)
Municipality/self-government unit Payment amount Batumi 35 Municipality of Keda 10 Municipality of Kobuleti 25 Municipality of Shuakhevi 5 Municipality of Khelvachauri 25 Municipality of Khulo 5
The lowest average fee was reported in the Racha-Lechkhumi region (8.3 GEL).
Parents’ monthly fee per child ranged from GEL 3 to GEL 8 in different municipalities in Racha-Lechkhumi. In the Tsageri municipality the fees varied; in 75 per cent of rural kindergartens the fee was GEL 4, in 16.7 per cent it was GEL 5, and in 8.3 per cent it was GEL 3.
A specific parents’ fee scheme was reported in the Gurjaani municipality of the Kakheti region, where parents paid GEL 0.5 per day per child in the kindergarten, and the average monthly fee per child was GEL 10.
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2. STAFF AND CHILDREN’S GROUPS IN PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS
Most kindergartens in Georgia are managed by a director. The average age of caregivers is 44 years and most of them have higher education. The average age of caregivers’ assistants is 42, with only 20.2 per cent of them having higher education. The most common age group of children in Georgia’s kindergartens was 4-6 years as of the end of the academic year 2011/2012; the highest average number of children per group was in Tbilisi, and the lowest in Racha-Lechkhumi.
Staff employed
Some kindergartens, where the number of children is small, do not have a director, and therefore the duties of a director are performed by a caregiver. During the 2011/12 period, there were 29 kindergartens in Guria, Racha-Lechkhumi and Samegrelo (Lanchkhuti, Lentekhi and Martvili municipalities). Almost all of these kindergartens are located in rural areas, except for one kindergarten in the Guria region. The figures presented in this section all refer to the end of the academic year 2011/12, unless otherwise stated.
Table 2.1 Kindergartens with a director, at the end of academic year 2011/12 (%)23
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 100.0 100.0 Adjara A.R. 100.0 100.0 100.0 Guria 94.7 79.2 83.6 Imereti 100.0 100.0 100.0 Kakheti 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 100.0 100.0 100.0 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti1 100.0 64.5 69.4 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti2 100.0 95.8 96.9 Samtskhe-Javakheti 100.0 100.0 100.0 Kvemo Kartli 100.0 100.0 100.0 Shida Kartli 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total 99.8 96.2 97.7
There was a coordinator of educational programmes in 23 per cent of kindergartens. The largest number of kindergartens with a coordinator was reported in Tbilisi (92.4 per cent), followed by Adjara (75 per cent), Imereti (21.9 per cent) and Kakheti (10 per cent). In other regions, the relevant number of kindergartens was less than 10 per cent. The coordinators are mainly available in urban kindergartens (50.2 per cent). In rural areas only 4.2 per cent of kindergartens had a coordinator; however, in rural Adjara this indicator stood at 47.8 per cent. It should be noted that in rural areas of Racha-Lechkhumi and Samegrelo no kindergartens have a coordinator.
2 Hereinafter – Racha Lechkhumi 3 Hereinafter – Samegrelo
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Table 2.2 Kindergartens with an education programme coordinator/methodologistat the end of academic year 2011/12 (%)
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 92.4 92.4 Adjara A.R. 93.9 47.8 75.0 Guria 10.5 0.0 3.0 Imereti 53.3 2.7 21.9 Kakheti 28.1 6.5 10.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.0 5.1 3.7 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 40.0 0.0 5.6 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 13.8 0.0 3.6 Samtskhe-Javakheti 0.0 10.0 2.9 Kvemo Kartli 9.3 2.4 6.0 Shida Kartli 18.8 1.6 7.4 Total 50.2 4.2 23.0
Doctors were available in only 27 of 1,244 kindergartens (full-time staff); of these 27, only two preschool institutions were located in rural areas (in Adjara and Mtskheta-Mtianeti).
Despite the fact that only a very small number of kindergartens had doctors, medical personnel (a doctor and/ or a nurse) were available in 49.3 per cent of kindergartens. In Adjara, a doctor and/or a nurse was available in every kindergarten; in the Tbilisi region the figure was 95.5 per cent and in Kvemo Kartli it was 69 per cent. In the Samegrelo region medical personnel were available in only 13.8 per cent of preschool institutions, and in rural areas of Samegrelo a nurse was available in only 3 per cent of kindergartens, the lowest level for rural areas across regions.
Table 2.3 Kindergartens with a doctor and/or nurse, at the end of academic year 2011/2012 (%)
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 95.5 - 95.5 Adjara A.R. 100.0 100.0 100.0 Guria 73.7 22.9 37.3 Imereti 90.0 19.7 46.4 Kakheti 78.1 42.9 48.5 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 66.7 25.6 37.0 Racha-Lechkhumi 60.0 41.9 44.4 Samegrelo 44.8 3.0 13.8 Samtskhe-Javakheti 50.0 50.0 50.0 Kvemo Kartli 81.4 56.1 69.0 Shida Kartli 56.3 23.8 34.7 Total 80.1 28.0 49.3
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Psychologists were employed in 20 per cent of Georgia’s kindergartens, 86 per cent of which were located in urban areas. Across regions, the highest figures for this indicator were reported in Tbilisi and Adjara (56.1 and 50 per cent, respectively) and the lowest in Samegrelo (0.4 per cent) and Guria (6 per cent).
Across regions, no more than 17 per cent of rural kindergartens had a psychologist, while no psychologist was reported in the rural kindergartens of Guria, Samegrelo, Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli.
Table 2.4 Kindergartens with a psychologist at the end of academic year 2011/2012 (%)
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 56.1 - 56.1 Adjara A.R. 72.7 17.4 50.0 Guria 21.1 0.0 6.0 Imereti 61.1 4.1 25.7 Kakheti 28.1 7.7 11.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 33.3 7.7 14.8 Racha-Lechkhumi 60.0 9.7 16.7 Samegrelo 1.7 0.0 0.4 Samtskhe-Javakheti 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kvemo Kartli 53.5 0.0 27.4 Shida Kartli 28.1 11.1 16.8 Total 43.5 4.9 20.7
Children with special needs were present in 15 per cent of kindergartens (187 kindergartens) in the country4. A special education teacher was available in 23 of these kindergartens, all of them located in urban areas of Tbilisi (21), and Adjara and Imereti (one in each). One kindergarten in Tbilisi contracted a special teacher for the whole year (10 months), not included among permanent personnel. None of the 36 kindergartens of Racha-Lechkhumi had either children with special needs or special education teachers.
In Batumi, special education teachers were among the permanent staff in four kindergartens, despite the fact that there was no requirement for their services (for the period in question, there were no children with special needs). In all four kindergartens special education teachers worked with children who had learning difficulties. Some respondents mentioned that, in their kindergartens, the functions of a special education teacher were fulfilled by a psychologist.
The survey showed that only 42 per cent of the kindergartens where children with special needs were present had a special education teacher or a psychologist. Seventy per cent of such kindergartens were reported in Tbilisi and Adjara, while in Guria, Kakheti and Samegrelo this figure was below 8 per cent.
4 Data are incomplete because a certain number of kindergartens did not register children with special needs
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Chart 2.1 Kindergartens with disabled children and availability of a special education teacher or psychologist, at the end of academic year 2011/2012 (%)
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 70,0 70,0 30% 48,0 50,0 20% 41,7 22,2 10% - 11,1 6,7 7,1 0%
A speech therapist was available in 20 per cent of kindergartens. The highest number of speech therapists was reported in Adjara (69.6 per cent) followed by Tbilisi (47.1 per cent). In Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Racha- Lechkhumi and Kvemo Kartli this indicator ranged from 10-30 per cent and, in the remaining regions, it was less than 10 per cent.
In the same period, 80.7 per cent of kindergartens had a dance and/or music teacher. In the Guria regionall kindergartens had such teachers; in Tbilisi, Adjara and Shida Kartli the figure stood at more than 90 per cent, and it ranged from 60-90 per cent in the other regions.
Caregivers/teachers
In kindergartens it is mainly caregivers5 who lead the basic educational process. In most cases, the caregiver has an assistant to help them with this activity and, if necessary, to carry out cleaning duties. As of the end of the academic year 2011/2012, there were 5,424 caregivers working in 1,244 kindergartens.
Chart 2.2 shows that 38.2 per cent of caregivers work for 40 hours or more per week. The main reason for exceeding the 40 hours per week was that, in some kindergartens, caregivers started earlier and stayed later than normal working hours.
5 The terms caregivers and teachers are synonyms and will be used interchangeably
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Chart 2.2 Distribution of teachers by working hours per week (%)
20% 10 - 19 38% 20 - 29 11% 30 - 39 40 and more
31%
The average age of caregivers in kindergartens is 44 years, ranging from 40-47 years across regions. The highest average age (47) was reported in Kakheti region, followed by Racha-Lechkhumi and Shida Kartli (46) and Tbilisi (45).
Chart 2.3 Distribution of teachers by age groups (%)
1.3
9.9 9.8 Less than 30 30-39 21.6 40-49 31.0 50-59 60-69 70 and more 26.3
In all regions other than Imereti the average age of caregivers is higher in urban areas. Relatively large differences between caregivers’ average age in rural and urban areas were reported in Adjara and Samtskhe- Javakheti regions, standing at 34-35 and 42 years, respectively. In Imereti the average age of caregivers was 43 in rural areas and 42 in urban areas.
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Table 2.5 Distribution of teachers by age groups and regions (%)
Region Less than 25 Less 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 and above Total
Tbilisi 0.8 6.7 11.4 18.3 13.1 13.2 13.8 8.7 9.2 3.1 1.7 100.0
Adjara A.R. 2.0 13.1 18.1 18.3 19.9 10.0 7.9 2.7 5.7 1.1 1.1 100.0
Guria 0.5 12.3 15.1 21.2 17.5 10.8 10.8 6.1 3.8 1.4 0.5 100.0
Imereti 1.4 10.9 15.0 18.6 14.4 14.2 10.5 7.4 5.4 1.6 0.6 100.0
Kakheti 1.5 5.6 9.4 12.1 11.7 11.3 16.9 15.0 12.1 3.3 1.2 100.0
Mtskheta-Mtianeti 2.6 12.4 13.5 16.1 10.4 11.9 11.9 7.3 8.3 3.1 2.6 100.0
Racha-Lechkhumi 1.3 5.1 9.0 15.4 17.9 14.1 10.3 10.3 12.8 3.8 - 100.0 Samegrelo-Zemo 1.9 9.7 16.3 20.7 14.2 7.0 12.5 10.1 4.6 2.1 0.9 100.0 Svaneti Samtskhe- 4.3 15.3 14.7 17.8 8.0 14.1 9.2 11.0 2.5 1.2 1.8 100.0 Javakheti Kvemo Kartli 0.6 6.3 14.4 14.7 16.3 15.9 13.8 11.6 4.7 1.9 - 100.0
Shida Kartli 1.5 3.8 14.2 16.6 12.7 13.3 11.2 11.8 8.9 3.0 3.0 100.0
Total 1.4 8.5 13.4 17.6 14.0 12.4 12.5 9.1 7.5 2.4 1.3 100.0
The average length of teaching service was 16 years, standing at 17 years in urban areas and 14 years in rural areas (length of service means working only as a caregiver or a caregiver’s assistant). The lowest numbers were reported in Adjara and Guria (12 years), and the highest in Kakheti (20 years).
In urban areas, caregivers with the longest teaching experience worked in Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Racha-Lechkhumi regions (21 years’ service), while the lowest level of teaching experience (14 years) was reported in Adjara, Guria and Imereti.
Across regions the average length of service is lower in rural areas. The lowest figure is reported for rural Adjara (4 years), followed by rural areas of Guria and Samtskhe-Javakheti with an average length of service of 9 years. In other regions this indicator ranged, on average, from 12-19 years.
In most regions, the highest proportion (17-37 per cent) of caregivers is in the group with less than 5 years’ teaching experience, with 22.1 per cent of caregivers in this group all over the country.
18 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 2.6 Distribution of caregivers by the length of service as a caregiver and/or a caregiver’s assistant (%)
Length of service as a caregiver and/or caregiver’s assistant/nurse (in years) Region 40 and 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30–34 35-39 Total above
Tbilisi 16.9 17.9 15.3 9.3 11.1 11.1 8.9 4.6 4.8 100.0
Adjara A.R. 36.7 17.0 11.3 6.8 11.5 9.0 2.9 2.0 2.7 100.0
Guria 30.2 28.3 9.0 6.1 7.1 5.7 9.0 4.2 0.5 100.0
Imereti 24.7 26.0 9.6 6.6 9.3 8.9 6.6 3.9 4.4 100.0
Kakheti 20.9 14.2 7.1 6.7 7.9 9.6 14.4 10.7 8.4 100.0
Mtskheta-Mtianeti 27.5 13.0 16.6 8.8 7.3 8.8 9.3 4.1 4.7 100.0 Racha-Lechkhumi 19.2 20.5 3.8 2.6 17.9 19.2 2.6 6.4 7.7 100.0 and Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 24.7 22.6 13.3 9.1 8.9 8.7 6.3 3.8 2.7 100.0 Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti 28.8 16.0 12.9 7.4 4.9 14.7 4.9 6.7 3.7 100.0
Kvemo Kartli 16.3 21.6 12.8 9.1 12.5 11.3 8.4 4.4 3.8 100.0
Shida Kartli 17.8 13.6 9.8 9.8 11.5 14.2 10.9 7.1 5.3 100.0
Total 22.1 19.2 12.3 8.1 10.1 10.4 8.3 5.0 4.5 100.0
The lowest level of education achieved by caregivers is full general education; only one caregiver had basic general education. No caregivers had higher professional education to PhD level.
More than one-third of caregivers (35.4 per cent) have secondary special education in preschool education or teaching, 24.1 per cent have a master’s degree in the same field and 8.1 per cent have a bachelor’s degree.
In total, 67.6 per cent of caregivers have a degree in preschool education or teaching. In most regions (except Imeretiand Samtskhe-Javakheti) the majority of the caregivers have secondary special education in preschool education or teaching. The breakdown by region is: Kakheti (49.7 per cent); Tbilisi (45.2 per cent); Adjara, Guria, Kvemo Kartli and Shida Kartli (29-35 per cent); and for other regions the figure ranges from 21 per cent to 24 per cent. In contrast with other regions, caregivers in Imereti and Samtskhe-Javakheti regions mostly have master’s degrees in preschool education or teaching.
19 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 2.7 Distribution of teachers across regions by the level of attained education (%)
Secondary Bachelor's degree Master's degree (secondary special) education diploma
Region Total
Basisc and full general education Basisc and full general of handicraft education Certificate Field of preschool of preschool Field or teaching education Other of preschool Field or teaching education Other of preschool Field or teaching education Other
Tbilisi 0.8 1.6 45.2 5.7 4.6 2.4 23.4 16.4 100.0
Adjara A.R. 0.9 3.2 29.0 2.9 14.9 6.8 22.2 20.1 100.0
Guria 4.7 1.4 30.7 13.7 6.1 7.1 22.2 14.2 100.0
Imereti 2.2 3.1 22.1 4.4 13.3 3.2 39.8 11.8 100.0
Kakheti 4.2 1.5 49.7 7.9 2.5 1.7 16.5 15.9 100.0 Mtskheta- 5.7 2.1 25.9 20.7 12.4 10.9 11.4 10.9 100.0 Mtianeti Racha- 9.0 - 39.7 7.7 7.7 1.3 20.5 14.1 100.0 Lechkhumi Samegrelo 8.7 2.7 21.6 13.7 12.7 7.6 19.4 13.7 100.0 Samtskhe- 6.1 0.6 23.9 8.0 16.0 14.1 25.8 5.5 100.0 Javakheti Kvemo Kartli 7.2 2.5 33.8 12.8 0.9 2.5 22.8 17.5 100.0
Shida Kartli 0.6 0.6 34.3 6.5 9.5 1.5 23.4 23.7 100.0
Total 3.1 2.0 35.4 7.7 8.1 4.1 24.1 15.6 100.0
In urban areas, 37.1 per cent of caregivers have secondary special education in preschool education or teaching; 25.7 per cent have a master’s degree or equivalent in preschool education or teaching, 16.3 per cent had a master’s degree in other fields. The situation is broadly similar in rural areas.
20 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Chart 2.4 Percentage of teachers who studied preschool education or teaching by urban/rural areas and regions (%)
90,0% 80,0% 70,0% 60,0% 50,0% 40,0% Urban 30,0% Rural 20,0% 10,0% 0,0%
Sixty per cent of caregivers were provided with at least one day’s training on preschool education and/or early child development education. Across regions, the highestaverage number of training days (4.7 in urban areas and 3.9 in rural areas) was reported in Imereti, and the lowest in Kakheti (0.6 for urban and 1.4 for rural).
Table 2.8 Average duration of training/courses related to preschool education and/or early child development, attended by teachers during the 2011/2012 academic year (day)
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 2.5 - 2.5 Adjara A.R. 2.6 3.8 2.8 Guria 2.3 1.6 2.0 Imereti 4.7 3.9 4.5 Kakheti 0.6 1.4 1.2 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 2.6 3.3 3.0 Racha-Lechkhumi 3.8 2.5 3.2 Samegrelo 1.8 2.5 2.1 Samtskhe-Javakheti 1.7 1.6 1.7 Kvemo Kartli 2.6 3.1 2.8 Shida Kartli 2.5 2.2 2.4 Total 2.7 2.5 2.7
21 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Caregivers’ assistants
In the academic year 2011/2012, there were 3,639 caregivers’ assistants working in 1,244 kindergartens in Georgia. The survey demonstrates that caregivers’ assistants work, on average, more hours per week than caregivers. Most of them (78.8 per cent) work for 40 hours or more per week, while for caregivers this figure stood at 38.2 per cent.
Chart 2.5 Distribution of teachers’ assistants/nurses by working hours per week (%)
2,6
5,6
13,0 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39
78,8 40 and more
The average age of caregivers’ assistants is 42 years, or 2 years lower than that of caregivers, and does not vary much across regions or between urban and rural areas.
The largest number of caregivers (32.9 per cent) was reported in the 30-39 years age group. However, in Adjara and Kvemo Kartli the most common age group for caregiver’s assistants was 40-49 years.
Table 2.9 Distribution of teachers’ assistants by age groups and regions (%)
Less 70 and Region 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Total than 30 above Tbilisi 11.6 33.9 27.3 20.8 5.9 0.5 100.0 Adjara A.R. 17.8 28.7 30.4 18.3 4.8 0.0 100.0 Guria 7.0 32.6 31.4 22.1 7.0 0.0 100.0 Imereti 13.2 33.7 24.9 24.3 3.7 0.3 100.0 Kakheti 12.4 35.1 25.0 24.7 2.8 0.0 100.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 13.2 33.9 24.0 23.1 5.0 0.8 100.0 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 5.9 32.4 20.6 32.4 5.9 2.9 100.0 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 10.8 31.8 28.8 22.5 5.7 0.3 100.0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 13.2 32.4 26.5 25.0 2.9 0.0 100.0 Kvemo Kartli 12.3 30.1 30.6 22.8 4.1 0.0 100.0 Shida Kartli 13.9 29.4 29.4 22.4 4.5 0.5 100.0 Total 12.4 32.9 27.2 22.3 4.9 0.4 100.0
22 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
The average length of service of caregiver’s assistants was 10 years. In most regions, caregiver’s assistants have 0-4 years’ experience, with the exception of the Racha-Lechkhumi region, where the largest share (23.5 per cent) of assistants had 20-24 years’ experience.
Table 2.10 Distribution of caregiver’s assistants by length of service (%)
Experience of working as a caregiver and/or caregiver’s assistant (years)
Region 40 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 and Total above Tbilisi 43.9 24.8 11.8 6.3 5.1 3.5 2.4 0.9 1.2 100.0 Adjara A.R. 46.1 18.7 7.8 8.7 7.8 3.9 5.2 1.3 0.4 100.0 Guria 38.4 23.3 11.6 7.0 7.0 5.8 4.7 2.3 - 100.0 Imereti 32.7 28.1 12.1 8.3 7.3 7.0 3.0 1.0 0.6 100.0 Kakheti 41.9 22.5 9.6 7.6 7.9 5.9 3.9 0.8 - 100.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 42.1 20.7 14.9 9.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.8 - 100.0 Racha-Lechkhumi 20.6 11.8 17.6 8.8 23.5 8.8 8.8 - - 100.0 Samegrelo 35.4 28.8 9.0 9.3 7.8 4.8 4.2 0.3 0.3 100.0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 35.3 32.4 5.9 7.4 4.4 5.9 7.4 1.5 - 100.0 Kvemo Kartli 29.2 30.6 15.1 7.8 6.8 6.4 3.7 0.5 - 100.0 Shida Kartli 32.8 25.9 13.9 10.0 9.5 4.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 100.0 Total 39.1 25.4 11.5 7.6 6.7 4.9 3.3 0.9 0.6 100.0
While the largest percentage of caregivers (35.4 per cent) had secondary special education in preschool education or teaching, 35.2 per cent of assistants had general education.
With the exception of Tbilisi, full general education is the most prevalent among caregivers’ assistants. Those with general education accounted for 39.7 per cent in Imereti, while 34.8 per cent of assistants in Adjara had full general education or secondary special education in other fields. In other regions, the highest proportion of caregivers’assistants had general education (45-60 per cent) and then secondary special education in other fields.
In Tbilisi the highest proportion (30 per cent) of caregivers’ assistants have secondary specialeducation in different fields. In each region, less than 10 per cent of assistants had other levels of education (apart from full general and secondary special education) in different fields. The only exception was a master’s degree or equivalent held by assistants in Tbilisi (22.8 per cent), Imereti (13.2 per cent), Kakheti (10.4 per cent) and Kvemo Kartli (13.2 per cent).
Overall, 20 per cent of assistants had higher education, while a further 20 per cent had secondary special and higher education in preschool education and teaching.
23 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 2.11 Distribution of caregivers’ assistants by the level of education and region (%)
Secondary (secondary Bachelor’s Master’s special) degree degree education diploma
Region Total Basis of general education Basis of general (secondary education school) general Full of handicraft education Certificate of preschool Field or pedagogy education Other of preschool Field or pedagogy education Other of preschool Field or pedagogy education Other
Tbilisi 0.7 18.1 4.7 17.0 30.0 3.5 3.2 9.5 13.3 100.0
Adjara A.R. 0.4 34.8 3.5 13.5 34.8 5.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 100.0
Guria - 46.5 3.5 18.6 20.9 - 1.2 7.0 2.3 100.0
Imereti 0.5 39.7 4.0 3.8 31.6 5.1 2.2 7.0 6.2 100.0
Kakheti 2.5 48.0 3.9 14.9 17.7 1.1 1.4 3.9 6.5 100.0
Mtskheta-Mtianeti - 49.6 7.4 13.2 24.0 1.7 2.5 - 1.7 100.0
Racha-Lechkhumi - 50.0 5.9 5.9 32.4 - - - 5.9 100.0
Samegrelo 0.3 46.5 5.4 6.0 27.6 3.6 3.3 3.0 4.2 100.0
Samtskhe-Javakheti - 45.6 2.9 10.3 27.9 2.9 5.9 - 4.4 100.0
Kvemo Kartli 0.5 50.7 0.5 10.5 23.3 0.9 0.5 2.7 10.5 100.0
Shida Kartli 1.0 59.2 4.5 4.5 19.4 1.5 1.5 3.0 5.5 100.0
Total 0.7 35.2 4.3 11.9 27.7 3.2 2.5 6.1 8.4 100.0
Only 27.7 per cent of caregivers’ assistants attended at least one day’s training on preschool and/or early child development. It should be noted that the equivalent figure for caregivers was 56.8 per cent. The highest figure was reported in Tbilisi, where 64.1 per cent of assistants were trained. There were no trained assistants in Racha-Lechkhumi and Guria in 2011/2012.
24 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Chart 2.6 Percentage of teachers’ assistants who attended trainings/courses related to preschool education and/or early child development during the 2011/2012 academic year (%)
Total 27,7 Shida Kartli 1,5 Kvemo Kartli 0,9 Samtskhe-Javakheti 20,6 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 8,4 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 9,9 Kakheti 1,7 Imereti 4,6 Guria - Adjara 18,3 Tbilisi 64,1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
The average duration of training attended by caregivers’ assistants was 1.1 days, compared with 2.7 days for caregivers. In urban areas the highest figure was reported in Tbilisi (2.4 training days) and in rural areas in Adjara (2.5 training days).
Table 2.12 Average duration (i.e. number of days) of the training/courses related to preschool education and/or early child development, which have been attended by teacher’s assistants during the 2011/2012 academic year
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 2.4 2.4 Adjara A.R. 0.3 2.5 0.8 Guria - - - Imereti 0.1 0.9 0.3 Kakheti 0.0 0.2 0.1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.8 0.3 0.5 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti - - - Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.2 0.3 0.3 Samtskhe-Javakheti 0.3 1.2 0.4 Kvemo Kartli 0.0 0.2 0.1 Shida Kartli 0.1 - 0.1 Total 1.3 0.5 1.1
25 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Number of places and number of children enrolled
During the academic year 2011/2012, there were 1,244 kindergartens in operation in Georgia. The total number of children enrolled was 105,303 (54,138 boys and 51,165 girls). It should be noted that the number of ‘available places’ was not clearly defined by every kindergarten, and the figure supplied by many of them was simply that of the number of children enrolled. The directors of some kindergartens said that they are obliged to enrol any children seeking a place, regardless of the number of places available. The number of children increased in recent years, which led to a rather artificial increase in the number of available places.
Table 2.13 Number of places and number of children enrolled at the end of the 2011/2012 academic year
Tbilisi A.R. Adjara Guria Imereti Kakheti Mtskheta-Mtianeti Racha-Lechkhumi Samegrelo Samtskhe-Javakheti Kartli Kvemo KartliShida Total
Number of 43,300 6,760 3,233 18,162 12,106 2,838 1,001 9,706 2,880 9,937 6,652 11,6575 places Number of 41,420 6,742 2,875 15,671 9,420 2,462 689 8,571 2,755 8,527 6,171 105,303 children Among them: Girls under 3,263 250 325 1,943 1,309 342 101 860 323 823 784 10,323 3 years old Boys under 3,307 288 339 1,956 1,390 458 86 884 310 900 865 10,783 3 years old Girls older than 16,893 3,005 1,097 5,650 3,232 787 255 3,355 1,088 3,244 2,236 40,842 3 years Boys older than 17,957 3,199 1,114 6,122 3,489 875 247 3,472 1,034 3,560 2,286 43,355 3 years
Table 2.13 shows that, similar to other recent years, the number of places available in 2011/2012 exceeded the number of children enrolled in all regions.
26 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Number of children
The survey showed that the number of children increases at the beginning of an academic year. In 2011/2012 the biggest annual increase was reported in the Racha-Lechkhumi (15.3 per cent), Shida Kartli (12 per cent) and Adjara (10.6 per cent) regions. In 2012/2013, the highest annual increase was in Adjara (29.8 per cent). In other regions this growth indicator did not exceed 9 per cent for either academic year.
Chart 2.7 Number of children at the beginning of the academic year6
Shida Kartli 2012/13
Kvemo Kartli 2011/12
Samtskhe-Javakheti 2010/11
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti
Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Kakheti
Imereti
Guria
Adjara
Tbilisi
The chart demonstrates that the number of children in kindergartens steadily increased in the period 2010 to 2013. During the last two years, the average number of children grew annually by between 4 per cent and 6 per cent.
6 Calculated only for kindergartens which operated/provided data for all three years.
27 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Children’s groups
The survey showed that, by the end of the academic year 2011/2012, the average number of children in a group ranged between 13.5 (Racha-Lechkhumi) and 33.1 (Tbilisi). In Adjara and Samtskhe-Javakheti the average number of children in a group was 30-32. In other regions this indicator ranged from 22 to 29. In most cases, the average number of children in a group was lower for rural areas. Mtskheta-Mtianeti is the only exception where this indicator stood at 21.2 in urban areas and at 22.7 in rural areas.
Table 2.14 Average number of children in the groups by region
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 33.1 - 33.1 Adjara A.R. 32.9 21.0 30.4 Guria 28.1 23.1 25.4 Imereti 26.7 20.5 25.0 Kakheti 26.3 20.5 22.1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 21.2 22.7 22.2 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 17.4 11.0 13.5 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 24.5 20.6 22.6 Samtskhe-Javakheti 32.5 28.1 31.7 Kvemo Kartli 30.9 23.3 28.7 Shida Kartli 28.9 22.1 25.8 Total 30.4 21.0 27.7
The number of groups with more than 40 children at the end of the academic year 2011/2012 totalled 6.1 per cent. This indicator amounted to 8 per cent in urban areas and 1.4 per cent in rural areas. The largest proportion of groups with more than 40 children was found in Samtskhe-Javakheti (16.1 per cent). This indicator was also high in Adjara (13.5 per cent) and Tbilisi (9 per cent). In Tbilisi, 41.6 per cent of such groups are in the Gldani-Nadzaladevi district.
Table 2.15 Percentage of groups with more than 40 children across regions (%)
Region Urban Rural Total Tbilisi 9.0 - 9.0 Adjara A.R. 15.4 6.4 13.5 Guria 0.0 1.7 0.9 Imereti 5.1 0.6 3.8 Kakheti 4.3 0.6 1.6 Mtskheta-Mtianeti - 2.8 1.8 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti - - - Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 2.7 2.1 2.4 Samtskhe-Javakheti 19.7 - 16.1 Kvemo Kartli 7.6 - 5.4 Shida Kartli 10.7 1.9 6.7 Total 8.0 1.4 6.1
28 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
By the end of the academic year 2011/2012 the average number of groups per kindergarten was 3.1, including 5.3 groups in urban areas and 1.5 groups in rural areas. Across regions, the average number of groups in kindergartens was highest in Tbilisi (8) and lowest in Racha-Lechkhumi (1.4).
The number of kindergartens in Tbilisi with only one group was 1 per cent, and with 11 and more groups was 26.8 per cent. The highest proportion of kindergartens with one group was reported in the Racha-Lechkhumi region (86.1 per cent). The figure was also high in the Guria (61.2 per cent) and Imereti (54 per cent) regions. In Georgia as a whole, the percentage of kindergartens with only one group was 41.7 per cent.
The distribution of different age groups in kindergartens across regions is also interesting. It should be noted that 23.9 per cent of all groups were of mixed age, while 17.6 per cent of groups included children aged 2-3 years. Mixed age groups were the most common in the majority of regions. Such groups dominated in Racha- Lechkhumi (66.7 per cent). In some kindergartens, children aged 1-2 years were in mixed groups.
Table 2.16 Distribution of groups by age and region (%)
2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years 5-6 years Mixed age Region Total old old old old groups
Tbilisi 19.4 22.6 24.7 25.4 7.9 100.0 Adjara A.R. 4.1 27.0 22.5 23.9 22.5 100.0 Guria 13.3 15.9 15.9 8.8 46.0 100.0 Imereti 21.7 17.7 16.6 18.2 26.0 100.0 Kakheti 22.7 14.3 13.8 15.7 33.5 100.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 19.8 13.5 11.7 10.8 44.1 100.0 Racha-Lechkhumi and 9.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 66.7 100.0 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 8.7 17.4 14.2 15.3 44.5 100.0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 11.5 17.2 14.9 19.5 36.8 100.0 Kvemo Kartli 19.5 19.5 19.2 20.9 20.9 100.0 Shida Kartli 17.2 22.6 19.2 17.6 23.4 100.0 Total 17.6 19.6 19.1 19.9 23.9 100.0
29 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
With regard to the average number of children in different age groups, the highest indicator was reported for the older age groups (31.8 children). The biggest difference in the number of children in urban (33.3 children) and rural (23.2 children) areas was found in children in the age groups 5-6 years old. For all age categories the lowest number of children in a group was reported in Racha-Lechkhumi.
Table 2.17 Average number of children in age groups across regions
Groups Groups Groups Groups Mixed Region for 2-3 for 3-4 for 4-5 for 5-6 age Total years old years old years old years old groups
Tbilisi 26.1 34.1 35.4 35.5 33.1 33.1 Adjara A.R. 26.0 32.6 32.9 33.0 23.1 30.4 Guria 23.2 28.4 27.5 29.8 23.5 25.4 Imereti 22.2 27.2 27.0 30.5 20.5 25.0 Kakheti 19.2 22.2 23.6 24.9 22.0 22.1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 19.8 27.1 27.9 25.3 19.5 22.2 Racha-Lechkhumi and 15.8 16.0 19.3 21.5 11.3 13.5 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 19.5 23.0 25.6 25.8 20.9 22.6 Samtskhe-Javakheti 30.8 31.2 36.2 30.8 30.8 31.7 Kvemo Kartli 25.2 28.2 31.0 32.8 26.2 28.7 Shida Kartli 24.7 25.3 27.8 28.7 23.4 25.8 Total 23.5 29.5 31.1 31.8 23.0 27.7
The primary language of instruction in almost all kindergartens was Georgian. There were particular groups in 29 kindergartens where the primary language of instruction was not Georgian. Moreover, in Kakheti, Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli, nine kindergartens had no groups where Georgian was the primary language. In the aforementioned 29 kindergartens, the number of groups using other than Georgian languages was 53 (1.4 per cent of the total number of kindergarten groups in Georgia). In 52 of these 53 groups, Georgian was taught as an additional language.
Table 2.18 Number of groups with other than Georgian as primary language of instruction at end of academic year 2011/2012
Language Samtskhe- Tbilisi Adjara A.R. Kakheti Kvemo Kartli Total of learning Javakheti Russian 15 1 1 3 2 22 Armenian 0 0 0 20 2 22 Azeri 0 0 2 0 7 9 Total 15 1 3 23 11 53
30 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Average attendance in kindergartens varies significantly by season in different regions. The survey showed that in winter the attendance was at its lowest (68.6 per cent), and in spring it was at its highest (88.8 per cent). By regions in winter, the lowest percentage of attendance (60.2 per cent) was in Adjara and the highest in Samegrelo (77 per cent).
Table 2.19 Average children’s attendance by season across regions (%)
Region Autumn Winter Spring Tbilisi 81.2 64.3 81.4 Adjara A.R. 87.8 60.2 84.5 Guria 85.0 63.3 87.1 Imereti 90.6 73.0 90.1 Kakheti 88.8 62.9 89.5 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 86.1 69.0 90.1
Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 88.5 71.1 88.2 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 92.1 77.0 92.4 Samtskhe-Javakheti 86.8 68.2 90.0 Kvemo Kartli 92.1 72.0 92.7 Shida Kartli 87.5 60.7 87.2 Total 88.5 68.6 88.8
Salaries7
In Georgian preschool institutions, differences in salaries were found to be both vertical (by position) and horizontal (same position across institutions). Apart from working hours, salary levels are affected by factors such as the number of children and the nature of working conditions (for example in mountainous regions). It should also be noted that no significant differences in salaries were found in relation to qualifications and working experience.
Data on salaries for permanent staff were provided by 1,244 preschool institutions for the academic year 2011/2012.
Table 2.20 Permanent staff members’ average salaries in preschool institutions
Number of Minimum Maximum Average salary, Position preschool salary, GEL salary, GEL GEL institutions
Deputy Director 169 100 600 490.4 Education programmes 286 65 650 335.5 coordinator/methodologist Logistics coordinator 510 70 550 250.2 Administrator 156 100 600 357.0
7 Monthly salaries, unless otherwise indicated.
31 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Number of Minimum Maximum Average salary, Position preschool salary, GEL salary, GEL GEL institutions
Doctor 27 167 370 257.3 Nurse 598 60 420 188.1 Psychologist 257 80 350 225.3 Special education teacher 27 250 400 277.0 (for children with disabilities) Speech therapist 251 80 350 218.3 Music teacher 1,004 60 375 177.7 Dance teacher 125 75 450 253.4 Nanny 269 60 500 150.3 Cook/cook’s assistant 1,210 60 450 188.1 Guard/security 865 30 400 142.4 Cleaner 391 70 400 174.7 Washer 264 40 300 168.8 Other 549 50 350 172.4
* Salaries of directors, caregivers and caregiver’s assistants are provided separately
The lowest minimum salary (GEL 30) reported was for a guard, while the highest minimum salary for special education teachers working with children with disabilities was GEL 250.
The maximum salaries varied between GEL 300 and GEL 650. A coordinator/methodologist for educational programmes and a deputy director received salaries of GEL 650 and GEL 600, respectively, while the lowest maximum salary of GEL 300 was found for a washer. One kindergarten reported a salary of GEL 2,500 for a health and hygiene coordinator.
Average salaries by position varied between GEL 142.4 (guards) and GEL 490.4 (deputy directors). The salaries of administrators averaged GEL 357.
32 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Directors’ salaries
Directors’ salaries were reported by 1,215 preschool institutions for the academic year 2011/2012.
Table 2.21 Salaries of directors of preschool institutions atend of academic year2011/2012 (GEL)
Minimum Maximum Average Total-Georgia 130 1,000 342 Tbilisi 550 1,000 941 Adjara A.R. 315 500 417 Guria 220 370 274 Imereti 170 450 265 Kakheti 165 272 197 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 165 700 232 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo 150 500 222 Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 140 360 212 Samtskhe-Javakheti 210 420 287 Kvemo Kartli 130 500 291 Shida Kartli 180 440 294
The lowest salary (GEL 130) was reported in two rural kindergartens of Kvemo Kartli. In Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, 42 out of 215 preschool institutions (only one of which was urban) indicated a salary of GEL 140. The highest salary for a director was GEL 1,000, and was indicated by 84.1 per cent of kindergartens in Tbilisi. The highest salary in rural kindergartens of GEL 700 was reported in one preschool institution in Mtskheta- Mtianeti.
Chart 2.8 Distribution of preschool institutions by directors’ salaries (%)
100,0 100,0 96,2 90,0 85,3 84,1 80,0 70,0 66,5 60,0 Urban 50,0 Rural 40,0 33,5 30,0 20,0 14,7 15,9 10,0 3,8 0,0 0,0 130 - 200 GEL 201- 350 GEL 351- 500 GEL 501- 800 GEL More than 801 GEL
33 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 2.22 Distribution of preschool institutions by directors’ salaries in urban and rural areas (%)
GEL Total Urban Rural 130 - 200 GEL 32.4 11.4 47.5 201- 350 GEL 43.2 34.7 49.3 351- 500 GEL 11.4 22.9 3.1 501- 800 GEL 2.1 4.9 0.1 More than 800 GEL 10.9 26.0 -
Table 2.23 Distribution of preschool institutions by directors’ salaries atend of 2011/2012 academic year (%)
More than Region 130-200 GEL 201-350 GEL 350-500 GEL 500-800 GEL 800 GEL Tbilisi - - - 15.9 84.1 Adjara A.R. - 12.5 87.5 - - Guria - 98.2 1.8 - - Imereti 23.6 61.2 15.2 - - Kakheti 63.5 36.5 - - - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 24.1 74.1 - 1.9 - Racha-Lechkhumi and 68.0 20.0 12.0 - - Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 70.5 28.6 0.9 - - Samtskhe-Javakheti - 82.4 17.6 - - Kvemo Kartli 29.8 42.9 27.4 - - Shida Kartli 3.2 77.9 18.9 - -
34 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Caregivers
At the end of the academic year 2011/2012, 5,424 caregivers in preschool institutions received salaries averaging GEL 235. The lowest salary of GEL 50 was reported by eight kindergartens, mainly from Imereti, while the highest salary of GEL 600 was found in nine Tbilisi kindergartens.
Table 2.24 Distribution of caregivers by salary across regions (person)
Number of 50-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 Region caregivers GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL Georgia 5,424 476 2,245 1,735 328 575 65 Tbilisi 1,857 - 575 519 123 575 65 Adjara A.R. 442 - 68 169 205 - - Guria 212 - 74 138 - - - Imereti 773 77 267 429 - - - Kakheti 521 70 431 20 - - - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 193 79 111 3 - - - Racha-Lechkhumi 78 15 55 8 - - - and Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 527 64 342 121 - - - Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti 163 42 94 27 - - - Kvemo Kartli 320 30 117 173 - - - Shida Kartli 338 99 111 128 - - -
Of caregivers working in urban kindergartens, 36 per cent received salaries of GEL 201-300, and 62.5 per cent of those working in rural kindergartens received salaries of GEL 101-200. On the other hand, GEL 50-100 was paid to 5.9 per cent of caregivers working in urban areas and 16.6 per cent of those in rural areas.
Table 2.25 Distribution of caregivers by salary in urban and rural areas (%)
GEL Urban Rural 50-100GEL 5.9 16.6 101-200 GEL 33.7 62.5 201-300 GEL 36.0 20.9 301-400GEL 8.3 - 401-500GEL 14.5 - 501-600 GEL 1.6 -
Of the caregivers who were working less than 21 hours per week, 64 per cent received a salary of GEL 101- 200, while only 1.6 per cent received GEL 201-300. The largest category of caregivers (44.7 per cent), working between 21 and 35 hours, received salaries of between GEL 201 and GEL 300; 11 caregivers (0.6 per cent of the total) received GEL 50-100, and 8 caregivers (0.4 per cent of the total) received GEL 401-500. The second largest group of caregivers (39.8 per cent), working more than 35 hours per week, also received a salary of GEL 201-300, while only one such caregiver received GEL 100.
35 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 2.26 Distribution of caregivers by salary and working hours per week (%)
Average salary 10-20 hours 21-35 hours More than 35 hours 50-100 GEL 34.5 0.6 0.0 101-200 GEL 64.0 38.8 29.8 201-300 GEL 1.6 44.7 39.8 301-400 GEL - 15.5 1.7 401-500 GEL - 0.4 25.7 501-600 GEL - - 2.9
The average salaries of caregivers working between 21 and 35 hours was GEL 242, ranging from GEL 100 (Kvemo Kartli) to GEL 303 (Tbilisi). Caregivers working more than 35 hours per week received an average salary of GEL 293, the lowest being in Racha-Lechkhumi (GEL 161) and the highest (GEL 455) in Tbilisi.
Table 2.27 Distribution of caregivers’ average salaries by hours of work per week across regions (GEL)
Average of which: Region salary, total 10-20 hours 21-35 hours More than 35 hours Total 235 130 242 293 Tbilisi 314 158 303 455 Adjara A.R. 279 158 300 304 Guria 212 159 236 227 Imereti 200 92 183 237 Kakheti 162 71 179 175 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 149 95 189 - Racha-Lechkhumi and 149 100 178 161 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 171 123 180 199 Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti 163 117 193 220 Kvemo Kartli 219 98 100 232 Shida Kartli 172 86 165 240
36 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
The table below summarises caregivers’ salaries in relation to education level attained. It does not indicate any significant differences in salaries by level of educational attainment.
Table 2.28 Distribution of caregivers by education level and salaries (person)
50-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 Level of education GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL
Total 476 2,245 1,735 328 575 65
Basis of general education - 1 - - - -
Full general education 30 106 24 2 3 - (secondary school) Certificate of handicraft education 11 47 35 7 6 1 (primary education diploma) Secondary (secondary special) 171 927 745 144 315 34 education diploma Bachelor’s degree or the diploma of any education programme of 75 301 223 40 18 3 the equivalent level Master’s/residence graduated or the diploma of any education programme 189 863 708 135 233 27 with the equivalent level
Caregivers’ assistants
The average salary for the 3,639 caregivers’ assistants was GEL 233. The lowest salary (GEL 40) was paid to 10 assistants in Kakheti, while the highest (GEL 550) was paid to two assistants in Tbilisi.
Salaries of GEL 101-200 were paid to 41.4 per cent of caregivers’ assistants, and GEL 301-400 to 26.6 per cent of assistants; 7.3 per cent received GEL 40-100 and 3.2 per cent were paid more than GEL 400.
In Tbilisi, the salaries of 71.1 per cent of assistants ranged from GEL 301-400, while 15.9 per cent of assistants received GEL 101-200. In Adjara, 93 per cent of caregivers’ assistants were paid GEL 201-300, while the remaining 7% received GEL 101-200. In Imereti, 52.9 per cent of 630 assistants received salaries of GEL 101- 200, while 43.2 per cent received GEL 201-300.
37 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 2.29 Distribution of caregivers’ assistants by salaries across regions
Number of caregivers’ 40-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 Region assistants, GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL person
Total 3,639 264 1,506 783 968 116 2 Tbilisi 1,361 2 217 56 968 116 2 Adjara 230 - 16 214 - - - Guria 86 - 26 60 - - - Imereti 630 25 333 272 - - - Kakheti 356 135 217 4 - - - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 121 26 95 - - - - Racha-Lechkhumi 34 2 32 - - - - and Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 333 48 246 39 - - - Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti 68 - 68 - - - - Kvemo Kartli 219 - 81 138 - - - Shida Kartli 201 26 175 - - - -
In urban kindergartens, 39.6 per cent of caregivers’ assistants received more than GEL 300; all of these caregivers’ assistants were working in Tbilisi. Only 2.9 per cent of assistants working in urban areas were paid GEL 40-100. In rural kindergartens, 70.3 per cent of caregivers’ assistants received salaries of GEL 101-200, while 9 per cent of them were paid GEL 201-300.
Chart 2.9 Distribution of caregivers’ assistants by salaries in urban and rural areas (%)
120
100
80 Urban Rural 60
40
20
0 40-100 GEL 101-200 GEL 201-300 GEL 301-400 GEL 401-500 GEL 501-600 GEL
38 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Of caregivers’ assistants working less than 21 hours per week, 53.5 per cent were paid GEL 101-200, while 12.2 per cent received salaries of GEL 201-300. Among those working 21-35 hours per week, 69.6 per cent were paid GEL 101-200, while only five assistants received GEL 301-400.
Of caregivers’ assistants working more than 35 hours per week, 92.4 per cent received salaries ranging from GEL 101-400; 3.6 per cent received GEL 40-100, 3.9 per cent received GEL 401-500, and two assistants were paid GEL 501-600.
Table 2.30 Distribution of caregivers’ assistants by salaries and hours of work per week (%)
Less than 21 hours 21-35 hours More than 35 hours 40-100 GEL 34.3 17.2 3.6 101-200 GEL 53.5 69.6 36.2 201-300 GEL 12.2 12.1 23.7 301-400 GEL - 1.1 32.5 401-500 GEL - - 3.9 501-600GEL - - 0.1
Across regions, the average salary of caregivers’ assistants ranged between GEL 119 (Kakheti) and GEL 332 (Tbilisi). The average salaries for working less than 21 hours and more than 35 hours per week stood at GEL 140 and GEL 253, respectively. Relatively high salaries were paid in Tbilisi and Adjara, while the lowest salaries were reported in Kakheti.
Table 2.31 Distribution of salaries of caregivers’ assistants by hours of work per week and regions (GEL)
of which: Average Region Less than 21 More than 35 salary,total 21-35 hours hours hours Total 233 140 153.9 253 Tbilisi 332 177 203 361 Adjara A.R. 254 136 251 265 Guria 197 170 193 199 Imereti 186 80 125 190 Kakheti 119 49 104 132 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 148 93 121 161 Racha-Lechkhumi and 139 70 131 147 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 162 103 145 180 Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti 174 - 189 174 Kvemo Kartli 208 - - 208 Shida Kartli 143 92 120 152
39 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
As was the case with caregivers, no significant differences in salaries were observed in relation to level of educational attainment for caregivers’ assistants.
Table 2.32 Distribution of caregivers’ assistants by salaries and education level (person)
40-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 Level of education GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL GEL
Total 264 1,506 783 968 116 2
Basis of general education 1 17 3 5 - -
Full general education (secondary 126 657 284 200 13 1 school) Certificate of handicraft education 10 72 30 41 2 - (primary education diploma) Secondary (secondary special) 93 531 311 435 71 - education diploma Bachelor’s degree or the diploma of any education programme of the 15 71 49 56 18 - equivalent level Master/residence graduated or the diploma of any education 19 158 106 231 12 1 programme of the equivalent level
40 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
3. FACILITATING/ORGANIZING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
In all kindergartens in Georgia, the educational process was executed in line with a specific programme or plan. For 53.1 per cent of kindergartens, this programme was developed by the respective management agency. In 40 per cent of cases the programme was drawn up by the kindergartens themselves, and in 6.9 per cent of cases it was developed by another agency.
Table 3.1 Distribution of kindergartens by institution which developed educational programme/curriculum (%)
Preschool Preschool institution Region Other institution management agency
Tbilisi 13.4 68.2 18.5 Adjara 15.8 73.7 10.5 Guria 47.1 50.0 2.9 Imereti 30.5 66.1 3.3 Kakheti 40.5 51.7 7.8 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 50.9 40.0 9.1 Racha-Lechkhumi 55.6 44.4 - Samegrelo 54.0 45.1 0.9 Samtskhe-Javakheti 44.1 47.1 8.8 Kvemo Kartli 36.9 52.4 10.7 Shida Kartli 70.8 21.9 7.3
Where kindergartens are not directly managed by a management agency, 91.3 per cent of these will develop and administer the education process themselves. Such preschool institutions are situated mainly in the municipalities of Akhalgori, Oni, Borjomi, Dmanisi, Tsalka, Gori and Khashuri.
In 5.3 per cent of kindergartens there is no monitoring of the implementation of the programme/plan. Most kindergartens are monitored approximately five times per year; however, the frequency varies considerably between urban and rural areas. The largest number of curriculum inspections (40 times per year) is reported in six kindergartens in the Tbilisi region (3.8 per cent) and in one kindergarten in Samegrelo and Kvemo Kartli.
41 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
With regard to methodological materials, the Caregiver’s Methodological Manual is the best known, and is used in Georgia (95.3 per cent of kindergartens), as Table 3.2 shows.
Table 3.2 Distribution of kindergartens in relation to using certain methodological materials (%)
Known, Known and used Unknown Methodological materials but not used Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Early Learning and Development Standard 89.0 86.4 7.1 6.1 3.9 7.5 Caregiver’s Methodological Manual 94.9 95.7 3.7 1.5 1.4 2.8 Child assessment instrument 77.2 74.9 14.1 12.0 8.6 13.1 Preschool educational programme 89.0 93.1 7.1 3.1 3.9 3.9 Educational programme for nursery school 92.5 83.3 2.4 5.5 5.1 11.2
Chart 3.1 shows the spread of kindergartens in which all of the methodological materials listed are known and used. A total of 783 kindergartens fall into this category. The highest percentage of such kindergartens was reported in Racha-Lechkhumi (80.6 per cent), followed by Adjara (73.7 per cent) and Imereti (73.6 per cent). The lowest number of kindergartens that know and use these materials was in Shida Kartli (50.5 per cent). There are only three kindergartens (located in rural areas) that do not use or do not know about these materials.
Chart 3.1 Distribution of kindergartens where all of the above-mentioned methodological materials are known and used (%)
Shida Kartli 50,5 Kvemo Kartli 66,7 Samtskhe-Javakheti 55,9 Samegrelo 56,6 Racha-Lechkhumi 80,6 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 60,0 Kakheti 53,7 Imereti 73,6 Guria 52,9 Adjara 73,7 Tbilisi 66,2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
42 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
An overwhelming majority of kindergartens (91.2 per cent) document the work that children complete, and 73.9 per cent keep written records on materials and topics that have been studied and learned; 70.8 per cent of kindergartens carry out both activities. The number of positive answers regarding the completion of documentation describing difficulties faced by a child in the educational process was relatively low at 50.5 per cent. Documentation of all the aforementioned types (excluding ‘Other’) is produced by 36 per cent of kindergartens – 21.2 per cent of kindergartens in urban areas and 14.8 per cent of those in rural areas.
Table 3.3 Distribution of kindergartens by production of documentation (%)
is
s faced s faced
Region Material and topics and topics Material the child learned by achievements Child’s Complication a child during the by learning process work Child’s health child’s The and conditions changes Other No documentation being produced
Tbilisi 94.9 95.5 89.2 98.1 91.1 1.9 - Adjara 89.5 77.2 54.4 93.0 78.9 1.8 - Guria 71.4 68.6 54.3 95.7 77.1 - - Imereti 77.0 72.8 51.5 94.6 70.7 - 2.5 Kakheti 63.9 50.2 33.2 86.8 40.0 2.0 7.8 Mtskheta- 74.5 63.6 54.5 98.2 56.4 - 1.8 Mtianeti Racha- 88.9 77.8 66.7 94.4 75.0 - - Lechkhumi Samegrelo 67.3 62.8 43.4 84.1 44.7 - 7.1 Samtskhe- 73.5 32.4 44.1 94.1 64.7 2.9 2.9 Javakheti Kvemo Kartli 73.8 61.9 41.7 92.9 83.3 - 2.4 Shida Kartli 54.6 51.5 35.1 84.5 45.4 2.1 8.2 Total 73.9 66.5 50.5 91.2 62.6 0.9 4.0
43 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Just over one-fifth (21.4 per cent) of kindergartens have individual plans for children with special needs, of which around two-thirds are in urban areas. The highest percentage of such kindergartens was reported in Tbilisi and Adjara.
In most cases (85.5 per cent), a caregiver participates in developing a plan for children with special needs. Involvement of other staff members depends on their availability (for example, a psychologist, a special teacher or a speech therapist may also participate). Most of the kindergartens also report the participation of a director, a doctor/nurse or parents in the preparation of such a plan.
Chart 3.2 Distribution of kindergartens in relation to an individual plan for children with special needs (%)
100 90 83,6 80 70 59,3 60 50 40 Urban 30 24,0 Rural 20 10,6 8,1 10 4,3 6,1 4,0 0 Have a special plan Have a special plan Don't have a special Have neither a plan and such children but don't have such plan but have such nor such children children children
In order to keep parents up to date with their child’s progress and development, 71 per cent of kindergartens arrange meetings with parents once a month or more frequently.
Chart 3.3 Distribution of kindergartens by average period of meeting parents individually, or in groups, to share information regarding child development (%)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Urban 30 Rural 20 10 0 Once a month or Once every 2 Once every 3 Once every 6 Do not meet at all more frequently months months months or more rarely
44 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
A questionnaire for parents is available in 75.8 per cent of urban kindergartens and in 52.1 per cent of rural kindergartens. The purpose of the questionnaire is to allow parents to communicate details about things such as their child’s favourite fairy tale character or toy, and to enable them to convey their expectations about the kindergarten itself.
Almost half of all kindergartens (mostly in urban areas) have a comment box where parents can express their views anonymously on issues relating to the kindergarten. In Tbilisi 89.2 per cent of kindergartens offer this facility.
Both the parents’ questionnaire and the comment box were available in 40.9 per cent of all kindergartens and in the overwhelming majority of Tbilisi kindergartens. This figure was also high in the Samtskhe-Javakheti (55.9 per cent), Adjara (54.4 per cent) and Guria (50 per cent) regions.
45 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
4. EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENT AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The survey of educational equipment and the physical environment revealed some serious shortcomings in Georgian public kindergartens. The variety of materials necessary to promote safe and healthy physical, psychological, cognitive, linguistic and cultural development of children is either not available or is not available in sufficient quantities, especially in rural areas.
Only five public kindergartens (0.4 per cent) reported having a satisfactory quantity and variety of all educational materials and toys for all children. These kindergartens are located in Tbilisi (4) and Batumi (1), respectively. Most kindergartens (average 3.44) report having a more or less satisfactory quantity and variety of art materials and tools (drawing materials, modelling materials) as well as literature for children. The least favourable conditions are in relation to live animals and toys, science activity materials as well as labyrinths, tents and other climbing toys and equipment. It is important to note that Georgian kindergartens lack various types of luminous and musical toys that are of special significance for sensory development in toddlers.
The significant disparities in terms of available toys, developmental materials and equipment are directly linked to where the kindergartens are located. Those in the capital city Tbilisi are considerably better equipped than those in other areas. Chart 4.6 clearly illustrates how advanced Tbilisi kindergartens are in respect of quantity and variety of developmental resources. Kindergartens in Tbilisi report having a more or less satisfactory amount and variety of most of the items listed in the questionnaire, whereas kindergartens in other parts of Georgia have a less satisfactory amount and diversity of recognised developmental equipment.
There are no meaningful differences between regions in terms of quantity and variety of developmental equipment. The kindergartens in the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti regions have the least diversity and number of toys and educational materials. These are also the regions with the lowest service fees and the fewest number of children enrolled.
46 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Chart 4.1 Average satisfaction with quantity and variety of toys, and developmental materials and equipment
Rest of Georgia Tbilisi Total
Live animals and plants
Luminous toys
Science activity materials
labyrinths, wall bars, tents
Musical toys
Logic and Reasoning toys
Musical instruments
Mosaics, beads of di erent size
Measurment tools
Hulahoops
Lottoes, memoes etc
Puzzle games of di erent size
Swings, slides, hammocks
Skipping ropes
Toys/tools for size and shape skills development
Dramatic materials
Toys/tools for language skills development
Audio recordings and players
Tableware of di erent size
Balls of di erent size
Toys/tools for comunication skills development
Materials for teaching hygiene related issues
Construction toys
Natural materials and food
Art materials and tools
Modeling materials
Drawing materials
Children's literature
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 - Quantity and variety do not meet requirements 5 - Quantity and variety are totally satisfactory
47 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Each aspect of a child’s development requires the availability of special equipment at different ages: • Health and physical development
o Motor development . gross motor activity (balls of different size, skipping ropes, hoops, tents, hammocks, labyrinths and so on) . fine motor activity (painting materials, modelling tools, other art materials and tools, different sizes of mosaics, beads) . sensory-motor activity (shining toys, musical toys that produce sounds, various natural and edible materials)
o Health and safety (materials for learning hygienic behaviour (for example, soap, toothbrush, sponge) • Cognitive development and general knowledge (lotto, memo (games for developing memory), dominos, table games with dice, puzzles, measuring means, live materials (fish, hamsters, birds, plants and so on), materials for scientific activities. • Aesthetics and culture (musical instruments, audio records and listening devices) • Development of speech (children’s literature, additional materials facilitating language development) • Social/emotional development (playing pitches of different size) dramatic footage: dressing-up clothes, accessories, toy vehicles, a variety of materials for role-playing games, development of communication materials and resources)
The recommended number and variety of toys necessary for developing children’s gross motor activityis not available in 11.8 per cent of kindergartens, most of which are located in rural areas (9.5 per cent of all kindergartens in Georgia). The largest groupings of kindergartens that do not meet this recommendation are in the rural areas of Kvemo Kartli (19.5 per cent) and Samegrelo (19 per cent).
Chart 4.2 Distribution of kindergartens with an unsatisfactory amount and variety of toys for developing children’s gross motor activity (%)
Shida Kartli 14,1 9,4
Kvemo Kartli 19,5 7,0 10,0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 16,7
Samegrelo 19,0 8,6
Racha-Lechkhumi 12,9
Mtskheta-Mtianeti 17,5 13,3 Rural
Kakheti 18,5 Urban 12,5
Imereti 14,1 5,6
Guria 11,8 5,3
Adjara 2,9
Tbilisi
0 5 10 15 20 25
48 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
The recommended number and variety of toys necessary for the development of fine motor activity is not met by 1.7 per cent of kindergartens in Georgia. Of these, 81.8 per cent are located in rural areas. The highest figures were reported in rural areas of Racha-Lechkhumi (9.7 per cent). Only four kindergartens in urban areas do not meet this requirement.
With regard to developing the sensory-motor activity of a child, 17.6 per cent of kindergartens reported that they do not have the recommended number and variety of toys necessary. The proportion of rural kindergartens in this category again remains high (13.3 per cent of all kindergartens). A large number of kindergartens located in rural areas of Racha-Lechkhumi (38.7 per cent) and in urban areas of Guria (21.1 per cent) do not satisfy this requirement.
Chart 4.3 Distribution of kindergartens with an unsatisfactory amount and variety of toys for developing children’s sensory-motor activity (%)
Shida Kartli
Kvemo Kartli
Samtskhe-Javakheti
Samegrelo
Racha-Lechkhumi
Mtskheta-Mtianeti Rural Kakheti Urban
Imereti
Guria
Adjara
Tbilisi
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Sufficient materials for the development of health and safety of children are lacking in 21.8 per cent of kindergartens, 72.6 per cent of which are in rural areas. The largest percentage of such kindergartens is reported in Mtskheta-Mtianeti (41.8 per cent), and the smallest percentage in Tbilisi (2.5 per cent).
49 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Chart 4.4 Distribution of kindergartens which have an unsatisfactory amount and variety of resources for health and safety of the child (%)
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Urban 5 Rural 0
The resources needed for cognitive development and general knowledge are lacking in 8.1 per cent of kindergartens, largely in Guria, Kakheti and Racha-Lechkhumi.
Lack of materials necessary for the aesthetic and cultural development of a child was reported by 30.8 per cent of kindergartens (of which 82.7 per cent are in rural areas). A large number of such kindergartens are located in the Racha-Lechkhumi (66.7 per cent), Kakheti (42.4 per cent) and Samegrelo (40.7 per cent) regions.
Chart 4.5 Distribution of kindergartens with unsatisfactory amount and variety of resources for aesthetic and cultural development of the child (%)
Shida Kartli 21,9 43,8
Kvemo Kartli 16,3 39,0
Samtskhe-Javakheti 16,7 40,0
Samegrelo 27,6 45,2
Racha-Lechkhumi 77,4
Mtskheta-Mtianeti 20,0 40,0 Urban
Kakheti 25,0 45,7 Rural
Imereti 16,7 40,9
Guria 15,8 33,3
Adjara 2,9
Tbilisi 1,9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
50 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
The number of kindergartens that do not meet the recommendations for materials needed for speech development is relatively small at 6.4 per cent; 71.3 per cent of such kindergartens are located in rural areas, with relatively large numbers in Racha-Lechkhumi (22.2 per cent), Kakheti (11.2 per cent) and Mtskheta- Mtianeti (10.9 per cent).
Sufficient materials required for socio-emotional development are lacking in 11.7 per cent of kindergartens, 81 per cent of which are rural. The largest proportion of such kindergartens (22.9 per cent) was reported in Guria.
Chart 4.6 Distribution of kindergartens with unsatisfactory amount and variety of resources for socio-emotional development of children (%)
35 30 25 20 15 10
5 Urban 0 Rural
Across Georgia, only two kindergartens completely satisfy the required standards for availability and variety of equipment necessary for child development in all fields.
The Tbilisi preschool management agency strategy has specified recommended heights for chairs and tables in kindergartens. However, the recommended chair height is not met in 45.9 per cent of kindergartens, and in 48.3 per cent of kindergartens the recommended table height is not met.
The recommended heights of tables and chairs are as follows: yy For children 112-127 cm tall: height of table – 52 cm, height of chair – 30 cm; yy For children 127-142 cm tall: height of table – 58 cm,height of chair – 34 cm.
The strategy notes that ‘tables and chairs smaller than the above mentioned are not recommended, since children grow very fast, and sitting on a low chair is more harmful for the spine and muscles than sitting on a slightly higher chair. A big chair could be individually adjusted for a child by placing a smaller chair with a pillow on it under the feet.’8
The chair height in 58.8 per cent of kindergartens is 25-29cm; in 43.4 per centof kindergartens it is 30-34 cm, and in 20.1 per cent of kindergartens it is 35 cm or higher.
Between 63 per cent and 77 per cent of kindergartens in Tbilisi, Imereti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Samtskhe- Javakheti and Shida Kartli have chairs with a height of 25-29 cm. In Kakheti, Samegrelo and Kvemo Kartli, more than half of kindergartens (52-58 per cent) use chairs of the same height, as do 44.4 per cent in Racha- Lechkhumi. In Guria, 41.4 per cent of kindergartens have chairs of 30-34 cm in height, and a further 41.4 per cent have chairs of 25-29 cm in height. In Adjara, 54.4 per cent have chairs of 30-34 cm in height.
8 Preschool management agency
51 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
It should be noted that chairs of the recommended heights of 30-34 cm and 35 cm and higher are not available in almost half of kindergartens (45.9 per cent). The highest incidence of this is in Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli (between 59 and 62 per cent), and the lowest is in Tbilisi and Adjara (between 18 and 27 per cent).
A total of 44 kindergartens have chairs of all the heights referred to; of these kindergartens, 20 are located in Tbilisi. Three kindergartens have absolutely no chairs (one kindergarten in each of the regions Racha- Lechkhumi, Imereti and Shida Kartli); chairs are brought to the kindergartens by the children’s parents and taken back at the end of the academic year.
Table 4.1 Distribution of kindergartens by the height of children’s chairs (%)
Region 20-24 cm 25-29 cm 30-34 cm 35 cm and higher Tbilisi 29.3 70.7 66.9 40.1 Adjara 17.5 42.1 54.4 33.3 Guria 21.4 41.4 41.4 17.1 Imereti 38.1 64.9 43.9 15.9 Kakheti 27.8 52.7 35.1 19.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 27.3 63.6 36.4 20.0 Racha-Lechkhumi 25.0 44.4 36.1 25.0 Samegrelo 25.2 55.3 40.7 14.2 Samtskhe-Javakheti 26.5 76.5 35.3 11.8 Kvemo Kartli 25.0 57.1 29.8 10.7 Shida Kartli 30.2 65.6 43.8 17.7 Total 28.5 58.8 43.4 20.1
In 63.6 per cent of kindergartens the table height is 41-50 cm, while in 12.7 per cent of kindergartens it is 61cm or higher. In most kindergartens in Tbilisi (80 per cent) and Adjara (70 per cent) the height of tables is 51-60 cm. In other regions, most kindergartens have tables of 41-50 cm in height.
As referred to earlier, the recommended table heights are 52-58 cm or higher. In Tbilisi and Adjara, the percentage of kindergartens lacking tables in these ranges (this includes tables of 51-60 cm and 61 cm and higher), is the lowest (16-19 per cent). On the other hand, the percentage of such kindergartens in Guria and Mtskheta-Mtianeti is 67 and 62 per cent, respectively, while in other regions it ranges from 44-57 per cent.
Tables of all heights were available in only 32 kindergartens (15 of these kindergartens were in Tbilisi).
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Table 4.2 Distribution of kindergartens by the height of children’s tables (%)
Region 30-40 cm 41-50 cm 51-60 cm 61 cm and higher Tbilisi 29.3 64.3 80.3 26.8 Adjara 15.8 36.8 70.2 17.5 Guria 37.1 58.6 25.7 8.6 Imereti 37.2 70.7 38.1 10.0 Kakheti 27.3 65.4 40.0 10.2 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 38.2 70.9 29.1 12.7 Racha-Lechkhumi 25.0 52.8 44.4 13.9 Samegrelo 33.2 61.9 39.8 9.3 Samtskhe- 32.4 79.4 47.1 8.8 Javakheti Kvemo Kartli 29.8 58.3 40.5 9.5 Shida Kartli 30.2 63.5 52.1 13.5 Total 31.5 63.6 46.0 12.7
Overall, 48.3 per cent of kindergartens in Georgia do not have tables of the recommended heights and 45.9 per cent of them do not have chairs of the recommended heights.
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5. CHILD NUTRITION AND AFTERNOON NAP
This chapter deals with the issue of child nutrition in Georgia’s kindergartens. Despite the fact that the primary source of kindergartens’ funding is municipal budgets, significant differences in the approach to nutrition were found between urban and rural kindergartens, as well as across regions.
In 62.1 per cent of kindergartens children eat three times a day; this figure stands at 73.9 per cent for urban kindergartens and 54.1 per cent for rural kindergartens. Children eat twice a day in 34.9 per cent of kindergartens (25.3 per cent urban and 41.3 per cent rural). In only 3 per cent of kindergartens do children eat just once a day (mainly kindergartens in rural areas, but only 4 such kindergartens were found in urban areas).
Table 5.1 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of children’s feeding
Region Three times a day Twice a day Once a day Tbilisi 100.0 - - Adjara A.R. 98.2 - 1.8 Guria 47.1 51.4 1.4 Imereti 59.4 39.7 0.8 Kakheti 45.4 54.6 - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 100.0 - - Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 33.3 61.1 5.6 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 23.5 62.4 14.2 Samtskhe-Javakheti 76.5 23.5 - Kvemo Kartli 82.1 17.9 - Shida Kartli 89.6 10.4 - Total 62.1 34.9 3.0
As we can see from Table 5.1, children eat three times a day in all kindergartens in Tbilisi and Mtskheta-Mtianeti and in 98.2 per cent of kindergartens in Adjara. In the majority of kindergartens in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (62.4 per cent) and Racha-Lechkhumi (61.1 per cent) of children eat twice a day. Of the 38 kindergartens (3 per cent) where meals are provided once a day, 32 are located in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti.
54 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Children’s diet
Different food products are included in the children’s diet with varying frequency. All kindergartens provide bread and bakery products every day; most kindergartens also include potatoes, vegetables and tea/cocoa on a daily basis. None of the kindergartens reported honey or melons in the children’s diet, while 94.4 per cent of kindergartens do not provide processed meat (for example, frankfurters, sausages).
Cereals (for example, buckwheat, oats, rice) are provided daily in 38.6 per cent of kindergartens; 69.4 per cent of these are in Tbilisi and 65.5 per cent are in Kvemo Kartli. On the other hand, cereals are included in the children’s diet only once a week in 31.4 per cent of kindergartens in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti and 31.2 per cent of those in Kakheti.
Table 5.2 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of cereals in children’s diet (%)
Region Everyday Fewtimes a week Once a week Tbilisi 69.4 25.5 5.1 Adjara A.R. 47.4 45.6 7.0 Guria 17.1 68.6 14.3 Imereti 48.1 40.6 11.3 Kakheti 27.3 41.5 31.2 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 61.8 30.9 7.3 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 47.2 44.4 8.3 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 8.4 60.2 31.4 Samtskhe-Javakheti 26.5 61.8 11.8 Kvemo Kartli 65.5 32.1 2.4 Shida Kartli 34.4 56.3 9.4 Total 38.6 45.0 16.4
Pasta products are provided a few times a week in 85 per cent of kindergartens, but only in 3.1 per cent on a daily basis (this includes 25 per cent of Kvemo Kartli kindergartens). Only one kindergarten in Samegrelo- Zemo Svaneti reported that they had eliminated pasta completely from the children’s diet.
Dry beans are provided only once a week in 63.3 per cent of kindergartens (this includes 88.7 per cent of Imereti kindergartens), while 16.4 per cent of kindergartens do not include dry beans in the diet. Almost half of kindergartens in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (48.2 per cent) and Samtskhe-Javakheti (47.1 per cent) reported no dry beans in the children’s diet.
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Table 5.3 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of dry beans in children’s diet (%)
Once every Once a Region Once a week Never two weeks month Tbilisi 56.1 33.1 9.6 1.3 Adjara A.R. 43.9 26.3 10.5 19.3 Guria 67.1 25.7 5.7 1.4 Imereti 88.7 3.8 1.3 6.3 Kakheti 68.8 16.6 1.0 13.7 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 65.5 25.5 - 9.1 Racha-Lechkhumi and 52.8 8.3 13.9 25.0 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 46.0 3.1 2.7 48.2 Samtskhe-Javakheti 26.5 20.6 5.9 47.1 Kvemo Kartli 63.1 27.4 4.8 4.8 Shida Kartli 69.8 12.5 10.4 7.3 Total 63.6 15.4 4.5 16.4
Potatoes are provided on a daily basis in 59.6 per cent of kindergartens. This includes 96.5 per cent of kindergartens in Adjara and 94 per cent in Kvemo Kartli. In Kakheti, ony 19.5 per cent provide potatoes on a daily basis.
Table 5.4 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of potato in children’s diet (%)
Few times a Once a Once every Region Everyday week week two weeks Tbilisi 77.7 21.0 1.3 - Adjara A.R. 96.5 3.5 - - Guria 74.3 22.9 1.4 1.4 Imereti 53.6 44.8 1.3 0.4 Kakheti 19.5 72.7 4.4 3.4 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 56.4 41.8 1.8 - Racha-Lechkhumi and 61.1 38.9 - - Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 71.7 24.8 0.9 2.7 Samtskhe-Javakheti 61.8 29.4 8.8 - Kvemo Kartli 94.0 4.8 1.2 - Shida Kartli 39.6 59.4 1.0 - Total 59.6 37.4 1.8 1.2
Similar to the situation that applies in relation to potatoes, vegetables are provided on a daily basis in more than half of kindergartens, although across regions this indicator ranges from 14.6 per cent (Kakheti) to 93 per cent (Adjara).
56 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 5.5 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of vegetables in children’s diet (%)
Few times a Once every Region Everyday Once a week week two weeks Tbilisi 72.0 24.8 3.2 - Adjara A.R. 93.0 7.0 - - Guria 68.6 27.1 2.9 1.4 Imereti 68.6 24.3 7.1 - Kakheti 14.6 40.0 34.6 10.7 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 58.2 40.0 1.8 - Racha-Lechkhumi and 27.8 50.0 19.4 2.8 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 56.6 36.7 4.9 1.8 Samtskhe-Javakheti 23.5 41.2 26.5 8.8 Kvemo Kartli 54.8 27.4 17.9 - Shida Kartli 18.8 54.2 25.0 2.1 Total 51.6 32.9 12.9 2.6
The frequency with which eggs are included in the children’s diet varies considerably across regions. A small number of kindergartens (1.4 per cent) reported provision of eggs on a daily basis. On the other hand, 16.8 per cent of kindergartens do not provide eggs at any time; this includes 52.9 per cent of those in Guria and 44.2 per cent of those in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti. Eggs are provided a few times a week in 41 per cent of kindergartens, including 76.4 per cent of Tbilisi kindergartens and 50 per cent of Shida Kartli kindergartens.
Table 5.6 Distribution of preschool institutions by provision of eggs in children’s diet (%)
Every Few times Once a Once every Once a Region Never day a week week two weeks month Tbilisi 1.9 76.4 20.4 1.3 - - Adjara A.R. 10.5 49.1 36.8 3.5 - - Guria - 21.4 22.9 1.4 1.4 52.9 Imereti 0.8 31.4 47.7 12.6 0.8 6.7 Kakheti 0.5 40.0 42.9 4.9 - 11.7 Mtskheta-Mtianeti - 43.6 30.9 5.5 - 20.0 Racha-Lechkhumi and - 33.3 36.1 8.3 2.8 19.4 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 2.7 27.0 19.5 5.8 0.9 44.2 Samtskhe-Javakheti - 35.3 50.0 5.9 2.9 5.9 Kvemo Kartli - 46.4 32.1 4.8 1.2 15.5 Shida Kartli - 50.0 43.8 5.2 - 1.0 Total 1.4 41.0 34.2 6.0 0.6 16.8
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Milk and dairy products are provided on a daily basis by 40 per cent of kindergartens, including 75.8 per cent of those in Tbilisi. The same indicator for Samtskhe-Javakheti kindergartens stood at 14.7 per cent. Two kindergartens in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti do not provide any milk or dairy products.
Table 5.7 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of milk and dairy products in children’s diet (%)
Region Everyday Few times a week Once a week Never Tbilisi 75.8 20.4 3.8 - Adjara A.R. 36.8 63.2 - - Guria 21.4 74.3 4.3 - Imereti 47.7 41.0 11.3 - Kakheti 32.2 63.4 4.4 - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 45.5 41.8 12.7 - Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 58.3 38.9 2.8 - Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 24.3 56.2 18.6 0.9 Samtskhe-Javakheti 14.7 52.9 32.4 - Kvemo Kartli 57.1 32.1 10.7 - Shida Kartli 15.6 71.9 12.5 - Total 40.0 49.7 10.1 0.2
Only 2 per cent of kindergartens reported providing beef in the daily diet, including 7.5 per cent of kindergartens in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti. The combined total of kindergartens providing beef either once a week or a few times a week is 89.8 per cent. A high proportion of kindergartens in Guria (92.9 per cent) and Adjara (89.5 per cent) provide beef a few times per week. A small number (4.4 per cent) of kindergartens do not provide beef at any time, including a relatively high proportion in Racha-Lechkhumi and Samegrelo- Zemo Svaneti (27.8% and 16.8%, respectively).
Table 5.8 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of beef in children’s diet (%)
Fewtimes a Once a Once every Once a Region Everyday Never week week two weeks month Tbilisi 0.6 56.1 42.0 0.6 0.6 - Adjara A.R. 5.3 89.5 5.3 - - - Guria - 92.9 5.7 - 1.4 - Imereti - 47.7 50.2 - - 2.1 Kakheti 0.5 51.7 43.4 3.9 - 0.5 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 1.8 74.5 21.8 1.8 - - Racha-Lechkhumi and - 44.4 19.4 2.8 5.6 27.8 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 7.5 30.5 42.9 1.8 0.4 16.8 Samtskhe-Javakheti - 41.2 55.9 2.9 - - Kvemo Kartli - 23.8 54.8 21.4 - - Shida Kartli 2.1 30.2 57.3 6.3 2.1 2.1 Total 2.0 48.7 41.1 3.2 0.6 4.4
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Chicken is not provided daily in any kindergarten, while only 19.4 per cent of preschool institutions provide it a few times per week (including 61.1 per cent of preschool institutions in Tbilisi and 45.5 per cent of those in Mtskheta-Mtlianeti). In Adjara, 68.4 per cent of Kindergartens provide chicken in the children’s diet once a week. Other regions report relatively lower inclusion rates, as 35.7 per cent of kindergartens do not provide chicken at any time (this includes 80 per cent of Racha-Lechkhumi kindergartens, 67.1 per cent of those in Guria and 64.9 per cent of those in Imereti).
Table 5.9 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of chicken in children’s diet (%)
Few times a Once every Region Once a week Once a month Never week two weeks Tbilisi 61.1 38.9 - - - Adjara A.R. 26.3 68.4 3.5 - 1.8 Guria - 28.6 4.3 - 67.1 Imereti 16.7 15.1 1.7 1.7 64.9 Kakheti 5.4 56.1 - - 38.5 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 45.5 54.5 - - - Racha-Lechkhumi and 2.8 8.3 2.8 5.6 80.6 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 15.9 30.1 1.8 1.8 50.4 Samtskhe-Javakheti 8.8 47.1 11.8 14.7 17.6 Kvemo Kartli 11.9 61.9 23.8 - 2.4 Shida Kartli 7.3 61.5 10.4 3.1 17.7 Total 19.4 39.6 3.8 1.4 35.7
Provision of fish products is relatively uncommon. Almost half of kindergartens do not provide fish at any time, including 84.4 per cent in Kakheti and 71.4 per cent in Guria. One Tbilisi kindergarten also reported an absence of fish in the children’s diet.
Table 5.10 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of fish in the children’s diet (%)
Region Once a week Once every two weeks Once a month Never Tbilisi 72.6 21.7 5.1 0.6 Adjara A.R. 70.2 8.8 - 21.1 Guria 25.7 2.9 - 71.4 Imereti 44.8 1.7 - 53.6 Kakheti 14.1 1.5 - 84.4 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 45.5 16.4 - 38.2 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo 27.8 11.1 - 61.1 Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 37.6 2.7 0.4 59.3 Samtskhe-Javakheti 8.8 26.5 20.6 44.1 Kvemo Kartli 67.9 15.5 - 16.7 Shida Kartli 30.2 6.3 10.4 53.1 Total 41.1 7.5 2.1 49.3
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Sweets (for example, cookies, candies) are provided a few times a week or once a week in 62.7 per cent of kindergartens, while 22.7 per cent of kindergartens provide sweets on a daily basis. The highest daily figure was reported in Racha-Lechkhumi (61.1 per cent), while 81.4 per cent of Guria kindergartens provide sweets a few times per week. No sweets are provided in 11.4 per cent of kindergartens, including 24.8 per cent of those in Samgrelo-Zemo Svaneti and 22.8 per cent of those in Adjara.
Table 5.11 Distribution of preschool institutions by frequency of sweets in children’s diet (%)
Few times a Once a Once every Once a Region Everyday Never week week two weeks month Tbilisi 14.6 67.5 15.3 0.6 - 1.9 Adjara A.R. - 35.1 42.1 - - 22.8 Guria - 81.4 5.7 2.9 1.4 8.6 Imereti 27.2 50.6 5.4 0.8 0.8 15.1 Kakheti 32.7 48.8 6.3 5.9 1.5 4.9 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 1.8 65.5 20.0 9.1 - 3.6 Racha-Lechkhumi 61.1 33.3 - - - 5.6 and Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 27.9 31.9 11.9 3.1 0.4 24.8 Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti 17.6 47.1 23.5 2.9 2.9 5.9 Kvemo Kartli 6.0 32.1 44.0 2.4 1.2 14.3 Shida Kartli 35.4 47.9 15.6 0.0 - 1.0 Total 22.7 48.7 14.0 2.5 0.7 11.4
Tea and cocoa have an important place in children’s diet, being served on a daily basis in 53.9 per cent of kindergartens. Tea/cocoa is served every day in 88.1 per cent of kindergartens in Kvemo Kartli and in 84.1 per cent of those in Tbilisi. In 43.4 per cent of kindergartens, tea/cocoa is served a few times per week.
In 80.1 per cent of kindergartens, children eat without caregivers’ help, while in 89 per cent of kindergartens children help caregivers and caregivers’ assistants with setting and clearing the table.
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Afternoon nap
A significant proportion of kindergartens have difficulties in facilitating children’s afternoon nap. This problem, which is due to a variety of reasons, was reported by 53.6 per cent of rural kindergartens compared to 29.1 per cent of those in urban areas.
Chart 5.1 Distribution of preschool institutions by children’s afternoon nap (%)
No children who need afternoon nap 77,1 22,9
Problems due to other reasons 66,7 33,3 Rural
Problem to put children to sleep in 74,6 Urban winter due to heating problems 25,4
Problem to put children to sleep due to 72,4 lack of beds/space 27,6
No problems in putting children to 44,7 sleep 55,3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
The proportion of kindergartens reporting that they had proper conditions for providing an afternoon nap for children was 48.7 per cent. Tbilisi and Adjara had the highest percentage of such kindergartens, standing at 82.2 per cent and 70.2 per cent, respectively. In 7.6 per cent of preschool institutions there were no children who needed an afternoon nap. Included in this figure were 14.7 per cent of kindergartens in Samtskhe- Javakheti and 13.7 per cent of those in Kakheti.
Lack of beds/space was reported by 28 per cent of kindergartens. This figure varied across regions from 11.5 per cent in Tbilisi to 49.1 per cent in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti. Fifteen per cent of kindergartens reported that conditions for children’s afternoon nap in winter months were inadequate, due to heating issues. This problem was reported in almost every region except Adjara, including by two kindergartens in Tbilisi and 22.9 per cent of kindergartens in Shida Kartli.
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Table 5.12 Children’s afternoon nap in preschool institutions by regions
Problem to Problem to put children No problems No children put children to sleep in Problems Region in putting who need to sleep, due winter, due due to other children to afternoon to lack of to heating reasons sleep nap beds/space problems
Tbilisi 82.2 11.5 1.3 - 5.1 Adjara A.R. 70.2 28.1 - - 1.8 Guria 62.9 17.1 12.9 - 7.1 Imereti 45.2 27.6 19.7 0.4 7.1 Kakheti 44.9 22.0 18.5 1.0 13.7 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 58.2 18.2 20.0 1.8 1.8 Racha-Lechkhumi and 30.6 47.2 16.7 - 5.6 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 22.1 49.1 17.7 0.9 10.2 Samtskhe-Javakheti 20.6 41.2 17.6 5.9 14.7 Kvemo Kartli 69.0 15.5 9.5 1.2 4.8 Shida Kartli 43.8 31.3 22.9 - 2.1 Total 48.7 28.0 15.0 0.7 7.6
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6. INFRASTRUCTURE OF KINDERGARTENS
Condition of premises
Of the 1,259 preschool institutions operating in Georgia in 2013, 96.3 per cent were located in premises built before 2000. Most kindergartens assess the condition of their premises as satisfactory. This assessment is shared almost equally among urban and rural kindergartens. However, there is a clear urban/rural divide in terms of the assessment of the premises as either ‘satisfactory’ or ‘poor’. The assessment of infrastructure by regions demonstrated that kindergartens in the best condition are located in Tbilisi and Adjara, and those in the worst condition (buildings in danger of collapsing) are locatedin Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti.
The main buildings in 47 kindergartens were built in 2000 or later; of these kindergartens, 78.7 per cent are located in rural areas. Thirty per cent of the rural kindergartens in Samtskhe-Javakheti and 13 per cent of the rural kindergartens in Adjara were built in the period from 2000 onwards.
Of kindergartens located in urban areas, 43.8 per cent assess the condition of their main buildings as satisfactory. Of those located in rural areas, 42.3% consider the condition to be satisfactory, and 41.6 per cent describe the condition as poor and requiring major renovation.
Chart 6.1 Distribution of kindergartens by main building’s conditions (%)
100% 90% 80% Very bad, building under the threat of collapse 70% Bad, needs major renovation 60% 50% Satisfactory 40%
30% Good 20% 10% Very good 0%
Most kindergartens that require renovations are reported in Samtskhe-Javakheti (67.6 per cent), while those in poor condition are relatively common in Racha-Lechkhumi (11.1 per cent). Kindergarten buildings in Tbilisi and Adjara are in the best condition.
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Table 6.1 Distribution of kindergartens with regard to the main building’s condition and year of construction (%)
The year in which the Bad, needs main building was Very good Good Satisfactory Very bad major renovation constructed Before 1970 3.1 11.7 42.0 37.3 5.9 1970-1979 1.6 9.6 41.8 45.0 2.0 1980-1989 0.8 12.8 44.7 38.6 3.1 1990-1994 2.4 16.7 47.6 33.3 - 1995-1999 - 16.7 66.7 16.7 - 2000-2004 - 20.0 20.0 60.0 - 2005-2009 12.5 33.3 45.8 8.3 - 2010 or later 11.1 55.6 33.3 - -
No major renovation work has ever been carried out in 65.4 per cent of kindergartens. Most of these were constructed before 1970, and 56.4 per cent of them are located in rural areas.
Table 6.2 Number of kindergartens by year of construction
of which: Number of Date of construction Major repair has never been carried out kindergartens Total Urban Rural Before 1970 555 326 142 184 1970-1979 249 160 56 104 1980-1989 360 274 90 184 1990-1994 42 25 10 15 1995-1999 6 4 1 3 2000-2004 5 4 1 3 2005-2009 24 16 3 13 2010 or later 18 15 3 12 Total 1,259 824 306 518
The majority of kindergarten buildings (67.2 per cent) have had minor renovations carried out; 72.5 per cent of these kindergardens are located in urban areas and 64.1 per cent are located in rural areas.
64 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Chart 6.2 Distribution of kindergartens with only minor renovations, by year the minor renovations were carried out
2010 or later 203 161 2005-2010 87 48 2000-2005 23 5 1995-2000 9 2 5 1990-1995 Rural 1 1985-1990 2 Urban 1 1 1980-1985 3 1975-1980 1 1 Before 1975 1
0 50 100 150 200 250
Major renovation work has been carried out in 34.6 per cent of kindergartens. Approximately 34.3 per cent of these kindergartens underwent major renovations in 2005-2010, and 44.8 per cent in 2010 or later.
Chart 6.3 Distribution of kindergartens that have had major renovation work on the building carried out, by year the major renovation work was carried out
2010 or later 102 93 2005-2010 82 67 2000-2005 16 11 1995-2000 1 3 9 1990-1995 8 Rural
1985-1990 13 Urban 13 1980-1985 5 6 1975-1980 3 1 Before 1975 1 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
It should be noted that in 270 kindergartens (21.4 per cent) neither major nor minor renovation work has been carried out; 69 per cent of such kindergartens are located in rural areas.
65 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 6.3 Distribution of kindergartens without any major or minor renovation work, by year of construction (%)
The year in which the main building was built Region Before 1970- 1980- 1990- 1995- 2000- 2005- 2010 or 1970 1979 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 later Tbilisi 3.6 ------Adjara 3.7 10.0 - - - - 25.0 - Guria 13.9 - 10.5 - - - - - Imereti 15.6 18.2 18.1 40.0 - 50.0 100.0 100.0 Kakheti 19.8 26.3 37.9 33.3 100.0 100.0 66.7 100.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 36.4 23.1 20.0 100.0 - - - 75.0 Racha-Lechkhumi 13.3 16.7 27.3 - - - 100.0 - Samegrelo 18.5 33.9 30.3 20.0 - - 66.7 100.0 Samtskhe-Javakheti - 10.0 50.0 - - - 50.0 100.0 Kvemo Kartli 32.3 40.0 34.4 33.3 - - - 100.0 Shida Kartli 21.6 17.4 30.0 - - - 100.0 100.0
Describing the problems, most kindergartens indicated major renovation work.
Playground
In 42.3 per cent of kindergartens there is no playground; 74.1 per centof these kindergartens are in rural areas. A playground in “good” or “very good” condition was reported in only 12.1 per cent of kindergartens (18.3 per cent in urban areas and 7.9 per cent in rural areas).
Most of the kindergartens located in rural areas indicated that creating and equipping a playground would be a problem although, in some instances, the lack of a playground is compensated for by the availability of a yard. Some kindergartens (2.6 per cent) have neither a playground nor a yard (13 in urban areas and 20 in rural areas).
Table 6.4 Distribution of kindergartens with regard to condition of the playground (%)
Very bad/needs Region Do not have Very good Good Medium Bad renovation Tbilisi 14.6 3.8 24.8 40.8 3.8 12.1 Adjara 29.8 - 26.3 36.8 1.8 5.3 Guria 38.6 1.4 8.6 30.0 11.4 10.0 Imereti 42.3 1.3 8.4 36.0 4.2 7.9 Kakheti 36.6 1.0 5.9 33.7 6.8 16.1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 50.9 - 16.4 21.8 1.8 9.1 Racha-Lechkhumi 63.9 2.8 2.8 22.2 5.6 2.8 Samegrelo 53.1 3.1 5.3 20.8 5.3 12.4 Samtskhe-Javakheti 58.8 - 5.9 20.6 8.8 5.9 Kvemo Kartli 59.5 - 9.5 21.4 7.1 2.4 Shida Kartli 51.0 2.1 6.3 27.1 5.2 8.3
66 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Condition of children’s furniture
The condition of furniture was assessed as satisfactory (medium) by 49.2 per cent of kindergartens. Unavailability of furniture was reported in 70 kindergartens (5.6 per cent). Of these, 10 are located in urban areas (with 3 located in the Zugdidi municipality). Children’s furniture in the best condition was to be found in Adjara and Tbilisi, while that in the worst condition was reported in Kakheti.
Table 6.5 Distribution of kindergartens with regard to condition of children’s furniture (%)
Do not Very Very bad/needs Region Good Medium Bad have good renovation Tbilisi 0.6 8.3 45.9 40.1 3.2 1.9 Adjara - 10.5 47.4 38.6 1.8 1.8 Guria - 2.9 11.4 51.4 20.0 14.3 Imereti 3.3 4.6 9.6 61.1 10.0 11.3 Kakheti - - 6.8 45.9 23.4 23.9 Mtskheta-Mtianeti - 5.5 16.4 45.5 21.8 10.9 Racha-Lechkhumi 11.1 - 8.3 50.0 16.7 13.9 Samegrelo 15.5 2.7 9.7 52.2 6.2 13.7 Samtskhe-Javakheti 14.7 - 20.6 35.3 8.8 20.6 Kvemo Kartli 8.3 1.2 31.0 46.4 9.5 3.6 Shida Kartli 10.4 - 12.5 47.9 15.6 13.5
Toilets
Most kindergartens assess the condition of their toilets as “medium”. In Racha-Lechkhumi, the toilets in 55.6 per cent of kindergartens are in “bad” or “very bad” condition.
Table 6.6 Distribution of kindergartens with regard to condition of toilets (%)
Very Very bad/needs Region Do not have Good Medium Bad good renovation Tbilisi - 16.6 49.0 28.7 3.2 2.5 Adjara - 8.8 54.4 24.6 10.5 1.8 Guria - 5.7 34.3 40.0 8.6 11.4 Imereti - 5.9 23.0 49.0 9.2 13.0 Kakheti - 4.4 23.9 32.2 22.0 17.6 Mtskheta-Mtianeti - 3.6 27.3 32.7 16.4 20.0 Racha-Lechkhumi - 2.8 11.1 30.6 25.0 30.6 Samegrelo - 3.5 19.5 39.8 18.6 18.6 Samtskhe-Javakheti - 14.7 29.4 32.4 5.9 17.6 Kvemo Kartli - 2.4 19.0 53.6 16.7 8.3 Shida Kartli - 3.1 20.8 50.0 12.5 13.5
67 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Wash-hand basins
Wash-hand basins are in “medium” and “good” condition in 40.4 per cent and 26.8 per cent of kindergartens, respectively. Across regions, the most negative situation is in Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, where 30.6 per cent of kindergartens do not have wash-hand basins.
Table 6.7 Distribution of kindergartens by the condition of the wash-hand basin/facilities (%)
Very bad/needs Region Do not have Very good Good Medium Bad renovation Tbilisi - 15.9 53.5 26.8 1.9 1.9 Adjara - 8.8 57.9 22.8 7.0 3.5 Guria 2.9 7.1 30.0 38.6 15.7 5.7 Imereti 0.8 5.4 19.2 55.6 9.6 9.2 Kakheti 5.9 4.4 22.0 35.1 19.5 13.2 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 7.3 5.5 25.5 30.9 16.4 14.5 Racha-Lechkhumi 30.6 2.8 11.1 30.6 11.1 13.9 Samegrelo 8.0 3.5 18.6 44.2 12.8 12.8 Samtskhe-Javakheti - 14.7 26.5 32.4 8.8 17.6 Kvemo Kartli 3.6 2.4 17.9 53.6 16.7 6.0 Shida Kartli 7.3 3.1 25.0 39.6 13.5 11.5
Beds
The proportion of kindergartens that do not have beds is 14 per cent; in 32.4 per cent of such kindergartens there are no children who need to sleep during the day. The lack of beds was largely reported in kindergartens in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (33.6 per cent) and Samtskhe-Javakheti (32.4 per cent).
Table 6.8 Distribution of kindergartens by the condition of the beds (%)
Do not Very bad/needs Region Very good Good Medium Bad have renovation Tbilisi 4.5 16.6 45.9 27.4 1.9 3.8 Adjara 1.8 10.5 63.2 24.6 - - Guria 4.3 12.9 28.6 38.6 11.4 4.3 Imereti 7.9 7.1 22.6 43.9 11.3 7.1 Kakheti 15.1 1.0 11.2 38.5 9.8 24.4 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 7.3 5.5 47.3 23.6 10.9 5.5 Racha-Lechkhumi 25.0 2.8 5.6 38.9 11.1 16.7 Samegrelo 33.6 2.2 11.1 31.9 7.5 13.7 Samtskhe-Javakheti 32.4 2.9 8.8 20.6 5.9 29.4 Kvemo Kartli 6.0 2.4 29.8 41.7 8.3 11.9 Shida Kartli 10.4 1.0 20.8 36.5 11.5 19.8
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Yards
The percentage of kindergartens that do not have a yard stands at 2.6 per cent (13 urban and 20 rural). Renovation of a yard is required in 18.8 per cent of Shida Kartli kindergartens and in17.6 per cent of those in Samtskhe-Javakheti.
Table 6.9 Distribution of kindergartens with regard to condition of a yard (%)
Very bad/needs Region Do not have Very good Good Medium Bad renovation Tbilisi 0.6 10.8 34.4 38.9 8.9 6.4 Adjara 12.3 7.0 29.8 31.6 10.5 8.8 Guria 1.4 2.9 40.0 41.4 2.9 11.4 Imereti 1.7 6.7 32.6 46.0 7.5 5.4 Kakheti 0.5 4.9 32.7 41.5 7.3 13.2 Mtskheta-Mtianeti - - 34.5 30.9 23.6 10.9 Racha-Lechkhumi 2.8 16.7 25.0 36.1 5.6 13.9 Samegrelo 4.9 3.5 29.2 44.2 6.6 11.5 Samtskhe-Javakheti 8.8 2.9 29.4 17.6 23.5 17.6 Kvemo Kartli - 2.4 36.9 34.5 9.5 16.7 Shida Kartli 4.2 4.2 20.8 40.6 11.5 18.8
Kitchens
In 17.4 per cent of kindergartens, kitchens are in “bad” or “very bad” condition. The worst condition is reported in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti. In Mestia municipality 21.1 per cent of kindergartens do not have a separate room for a kitchen.
Table 6.10 Distribution of kindergartens by the condition of the kitchen (%)
Very bad/needs Region Do not have Very good Good Medium Bad renovation Tbilisi - 15.3 60.5 22.3 0.6 1.3 Adjara - 7.0 52.6 33.3 3.5 3.5 Guria - 5.7 32.9 45.7 7.1 8.6 Imereti - 8.4 26.4 53.6 4.6 7.1 Kakheti - 2.4 21.5 49.3 10.7 16.1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti - 3.6 34.5 38.2 7.3 16.4 Racha-Lechkhumi - 5.6 22.2 55.6 5.6 11.1 Samegrelo - 2.7 15.9 54.4 8.8 18.1 Samtskhe-Javakheti - 5.9 29.4 47.1 2.9 14.7 Kvemo Kartli - 1.2 22.6 61.9 6.0 8.3 Shida Kartli - 2.1 20.8 56.3 6.3 14.6
69 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Heating
Of the kindergartens located in rural areas, 93.6 per cent use natural fuel for heating; 3.3 per cent and 3.1 per cent of these have central and individual heating systems, respectively.
Table 6.11 Distribution of rural kindergartens with regard to condition of the heating system (%)
Central heating (with Individual system (with Heating with natural fuel Region radiators in rooms) heaters in each room) (wood, oil, etc) Tbilisi - - - Adjara 21.7 8.7 69.6 Guria 2.0 - 98.0 Imereti 4.0 3.4 92.6 Kakheti 1.7 2.3 96.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 15.0 10.0 75.0 Racha-Lechkhumi - 3.2 96.8 Samegrelo 1.2 0.6 98.2 Samtskhe-Javakheti 10.0 20.0 70.0 Kvemo Kartli 2.4 - 97.6 Shida Kartli - 6.3 93.8
Most kindergartens located in urban areas (45.4 per cent) use natural fuel for heating; conversely, there are only four such kindergartens in Tbilisi.
Table 6.12 Distribution of urban kindergartens with regard to condition of the heating system
Central system (with Individual system (with Heating with natural fuel Region radiators in rooms) heaters in each room) (wood, oil, etc.) Tbilisi 39 114 4 Adjara 21 2 11 Guria 4 - 15 Imereti 40 4 46 Kakheti 5 3 24 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 4 1 10 Racha-Lechkhumi - - 5 Samegrelo 1 2 55 Samtskhe-Javakheti 3 4 17 Kvemo Kartli 1 21 21 Shida Kartli 2 7 23
The safety of infrastructure is not inspected in 45.2 per cent of kindergartens; of these kindergartens, 73.6 per cent are located in rural areas. In the Racha-Lechkhumi rural kindergartens, inspection of infrastructure safety was reported by only 12.9 per cent of kindergartens, while in Tbilisi such inspection was reported by 94.3 per cent of kindergartens. Infrastructure safety is mainly inspected by fire services and the preschool management agency. On average, inspection occurred 2.4 times per year.
70 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
7. SANITATION AND HYGIENE
Water supply
As of February 2013, there were 1,259 functioning kindergartens in Georgia. For most kindergartens (61.4 per cent) the main source of potable and sanitary water was a water supply system connected to the kindergarten buildings. The same situation applies across all regions, with the exception of the Samegrelo region, where the main water supply system is a well in the yard or in the vicinity (41.6 per cent). The proportion of kindergartens with a mains-connected water supply system is highest in Tbilisi (98.1 per cent) and Samtskhe-Javakheti (91.2 per cent). The urban/rural breakdown for mains-connected water is 90.4 and 41.7 per cent, respectively.
The second most significant source of water supply is a well in the yard or in the vicinity of the kindergarten (16.9 per cent) in both urban (6.7 per cent) and rural (23.9 per cent) areas. No kindergartens in Tbilisi or Samtskhe-Javakheti fell into this category.
Table 7.1 Distribution of kindergartens by the basic source of potable and sanitary/hygienic water
Region The water supply water The connected system the building to tap system Water or in in the yard the vicinity or in the yard Well in the vicinity spring in Natural or in the the yard vicinity lake, A river, channel spring, Bought water Other
Tbilisi 98.1 0.6 - 1.3 - - - Adjara A.R. 80.7 - 5.3 14.0 - - - Guria 50.0 - 37.1 10.0 2.9 - - Imereti 60.3 9.6 24.7 4.6 0.4 - 0.4 Kakheti 53.2 34.1 2.4 10.2 - - - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 65.5 21.8 3.6 9.1 - - - Racha-Lechkhumi and 52.8 36.1 - 8.3 - - 2.8 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 40.7 9.3 41.6 6.2 - 0.4 1.8 Samtskhe-Javakheti 91.2 5.9 - 2.9 - - - Kvemo Kartli 77.4 14.3 1.2 6.0 - 1.2 - Shida Kartli 43.8 27.1 24.0 4.2 - - 1.0 Total 61.4 14.3 16.9 6.4 0.2 0.2 0.6
It should be noted that in Racha-Lechkhumi, Samegrelo and Shida Kartli some kindergartens indicated that water provided by private individuals was the main source of water supply.
71 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Toilet facilities
Twenty kindergartens in Georgia share their premises with another agency, and the toilet facilities are also shared. In Racha-Lechkhumi the proportion of kindergartens that fall in this category is 22.2 per cent and, in other regions it is less than 5.5 per cent. No such kindergartens were reported in Tbilisi, Imereti, Samtskhe- Javakheti, Kvemo Kartli and Shida Kartli.
In 24.5 per cent of kindergartens, toilets for children are located outside the building. This situation was reported for 2.4 per cent of kindergartens in urban areas and 39.6 per cent of kindergartens in rural areas. No such cases were reported in Tbilisi and Adjara.
In kindergartens where toilets are located outside the building, the average distance from the main building to the toilet is approximately 21 metres.
Table 7.2 Percentage of kindergartens which have toilets outside the building, and average distance between the main building and the toilet
Kindergartens Average distance Region (%) (metre) Tbilisi - - Adjara A.R. - - Guria 12.9 13.6 Imereti 20.1 26.9 Kakheti 42.9 21.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 36.4 19.1 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo 52.8 22.3 Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 36.3 22.1 Samtskhe-Javakheti 8.8 16.7 Kvemo Kartli 15.5 17.3 Shida Kartli 28.1 16.7 Total 24.5 21.4
The types of toilets used vary significantly across urban and rural areas. In urban areas, 94.9 per cent of kindergartens have toilets with seats; in rural areas the number is almost half this, at 48.7 per cent. Some kindergartens in rural areas use pit latrines and pots. Kindergartens where pots are used are reported in Imereti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Samegrelo and Kvemo Kartli.
Flushing toilets are available in almost 73.9 per cent of kindergartens, of which 11.2 per cent are not connected to a sewerage system. In urban areas, 93.5 per cent of kindergartens have flushing toilets connected to a sewerage system. In rural areas, there is an almost equal distribution of flushing toilets connected to a sewerage system (41.9 per cent) and pit latrines (41.2 per cent). A further 16.8 per cent have latrines flushing down to a river, channel, ravineand so on.
Overall, 58.1 per cent of kindergartens use flushing toilets with seats, connected to a sewerage system. Pit latrines, cleaned periodically, are used by 22.3 per cent of kindergartens.
In most kindergartens children and staff use separate toilets. However, in 32.5 per cent of kindergartens toilets are shared by children and staff. The percentage of such kindergartens is lowest in Tbilisi (3.8 per cent), and highest in Racha-Lechkhumi (63.9 per cent).
72 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Chart 7.1 Percentage of kindergartens where children and staff use the same toilet facilities (%)
Shida Kartli 32,3 Kvemo Kartli 34,5 Samtskhe-Javakheti 23,5 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 45,6 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 63,9 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 32,7 Kakheti 41,5 Imereti 29,7 Guria 21,4 Adjara 35,1 Tbilisi 3,8
In 62.9 per cent of kindergartens children can use toilets independently (height of toilet seat, sink and so on). In 29.8 per cent of kindergartens only some elements of sanitary equipment are adjusted for children, while in the remaining kindergartens (7.3 per cent) toilets are not designed for children’s independent use. This problem was not indicated in Tbilisi and Samtskhe-Javakheti, whereas in Racha-Lechkhumi the share of such kindergartens was 38.9 per cent.
Most kindergartens have adjusted toilets to enable children to use them independently. The highest proportion of such kindergartens was in Tbilisi (86 per cent), while the lowest was in Racha-Lechkhumi (27.8 per cent). In Adjara, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Kvemo Kartli and Shida Kartli the figure was between 60 per cent and 80 per cent, and in the remaining regions it ranged from 47 per cent to 60 per cent.
73 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Hand-washing facilities
Wash-hand basins are available in 95.3 per cent of kindergartens. In 5 per cent of kindergartens, the sinks are located outside the building; in urban areas there are only four such kindergartens (0.8 per cent) while in rural areas the figure stands at 7.9 per cent. In Tbilisi and Adjara all kindergartens have sinks located inside the building. In Racha-Lechkhumi 30.6 per cent of kindergartens have no sinks whatsoever.
Table 7.3 Percentage of kindergartens by availability of hand-washing facilities for the children (%)
Hand-washing facilities Do not have hand- Region Inside Outside washing facilities Tbilisi 100.0 - - Adjara A.R. 100.0 - - Guria 94.3 2.9 2.9 Imereti 97.5 1.7 0.8 Kakheti 80.5 13.7 5.9 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 87.3 5.5 7.3 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 55.6 13.9 30.6 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 85.8 6.2 8.0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 97.1 2.9 - Kvemo Kartli 91.7 4.8 3.6 Shida Kartli 90.6 2.1 7.3 Total 90.3 5.0 4.7
The survey showed that in 98.5 per cent of kindergartens every child has an individual towel. In many cases, parents bring the towels, and in one Tbilisi kindergarten disposable napkins are used instead of towels.
Studies related to washing hands, oral hygiene, and body and hair care/hygiene are included by 53 per cent of kindergartens. In eight village kindergartens located in the regions of Guria, Kakheti, Samegrelo and Kvemo Kartli these subjects are not studied.
Visual material for teaching hygiene rules is provided in 82 per cent of kindergartens; in 56.2 per cent of kindergartens descriptive images are located beside all sanitary equipment, and in 25.8 per cent of kindergartens for only some elements of equipment. In Tbilisi, all kindergartens have visual materials, and there are only four kindergartens where such images are not located beside all sanitary equipment. In Racha- Lechkhumi the proportion of kindergartens that have descriptive hygiene-related material was the lowest, at 61.1 per cent. It should be noted that visual hygiene-related material for children is not provided in 9 per cent of kindergartens in urban areas and in 24.1 per cent of those in rural areas.
74 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Cleaning methods
The cleaning methods used in kindergartens for toilet facilities, kitchen facilities and group rooms are outlined in the chart below.
Chart 7.2 Percentage of kindergartens by the methods of cleaning (%)
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Toilets 40% Kitchen 30% Group rooms 20% 10% 0% Cold water Hot water Brush Washing Disinfection Other detergents
With regard to frequency of cleaning, the table below demonstrates that most kindergartens (80 per cent) clean toilets with cold water, several times a day. Toilets are cleaned several times a day with a brush in 43.8 per cent of kindergartens. In urban areas the proportion of such kindergartens is 63.3 per cent, more than twice that in rural areas (30.7 per cent). Toilets are cleaned with detergents in 84.7 per cent of kindergartens and with disinfectants in 96.6 per cent.
Table 7.4 Distribution of kindergartens by the methods of cleaning the toilets and the frequency of usage of these methods (%)
Washing Cold water Hot water Brush Disinfection Other detergents 2-3 times a day 80.0 10.4 43.8 27.8 22.9 0.4 Once a day 7.5 14.6 15.4 20.2 24.5 0.1 Twice a week 2.2 7.0 6.5 14.2 18.6 0.0 Once a week 0.2 4.1 2.7 7.0 18.0 0.0 When necessary 7.9 21.3 19.0 15.6 12.7 0.0 Do not clean 2.2 42.6 12.5 15.3 3.4 0.0
Most kindergartens (78 per cent) clean kitchens with cold water several times a day. Hot water is used for cleaning in 84.5 per cent of kindergartens, while detergents are used by 95.6 per cent of kindergartens.
Kitchens are cleaned with disinfectants in 95.8 per cent of kindergartens. In Tbilisi, Adjara, Imereti and Samtskhe-Javakheti, all kindergartens use disinfectants; in Kvemo Kartli and Shida Kartli this figure is 87-90 per cent, and for the remaining regions it stands at 90-100 per cent.
75 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 7.5 Distribution of kindergartens by the methods of cleaning the kitchen and the frequency of usage of these methods (%)
Washing Cold water Hot water Disinfectants Other detergents 2-3 times a day 78.0 37.9 42.8 19.1 0.0 Once a day 10.4 22.6 21.3 22.2 0.0 Twice a week 1.0 7.1 12.5 16.5 0.0 Once a week 0.2 2.9 5.2 18.6 0.0 When necessary 7.2 14.0 13.7 19.4 0.0 Do not clean 3.2 15.5 4.4 4.2 0.0
Group rooms in 92.5 per cent of kindergartens are cleaned with detergents, mostly once a day (23.4 per cent). Detergents are not used by 7.5 per cent of kindergartens; this applies to almost 20 per cent of those in the Kakheti region.
In 94.3 per cent of kindergartens the rooms are cleaned with disinfectants, as needed (23.4 per cent) or once a week (23 per cent). Disinfectants are not used for this purpose in 5.7 per cent of kindergartens. Such kindergartens are found everywhere except Tbilisi, Adjara and Samtskhe-Javakheti.
Table 7.6 Distribution of kindergartens by methods of cleaning group rooms and frequency of usage (%)
Washing Cold water Hot water Disinfectants Other detergents 2-3 times a day 72.5 16.3 17.4 13.3 0.1 Once a day 17.4 21.6 23.4 18.5 0.2 Twice a week 1.0 8.5 18.1 16.2 0.0 Once a week 0.1 5.6 13.7 23.0 0.0 When necessary 6.4 20.9 19.9 23.4 0.0 Do not clean 2.6 27.1 7.5 5.7 0.0
76 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
8. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
The strategy for kindergarten management recommends that issues related to 1) disaster risk reduction 2) road safety and 3) protection of the environment should be included in the curriculum. All of these issues are currently covered in the curricula of 51 per cent of kindergartens; two of these issues are covered in 27.2 per cent of kindergartens, and only one issue is covered in 10.6 per cent of kindergartens. In 11.3 per cent of kindergartens, none of these issues are included. Such kindergartens are located across all regions, with the exception of Samtskhe-Javakheti. All three issues are covered in the majority of kindergartens in Tbilisi, Adjara and Racha-Lechkhumi (70-80 per cent).
Chart 8.1 demonstrates that protection of the environment and care for nature is a subject in 83.9 per cent of kindergartens, while 55.6 per cent include issues concerning disaster risk reduction.
Chart 8.1 Percentage of kindergartens where the teaching programme/curriculum/plan includes the following issues (%)
Environment protection issues 83.9
Street safety related issues 78.4
Disaster risk reduction 55.6
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All three mechanisms for readiness for emergency (emergency exits, evacuation plan and basic fire fighting equipment) are available in 20 per cent of kindergartens; 16.4 per cent have two such mechanisms and 24.4 per cent have only one. It should be noted that, in urban areas, 40.5 per cent of kindergartens have all three mechanisms; this compares with a figure of only 6 per cent of kindergartens in rural areas.
Chart 8.2 Distribution of kindergartens by availability of emergency readiness instruments/mechanisms (%)
Emergency exits 44.6
Evacuation plan 31.3
Basic re ghting equipment 41.0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
From an analysis of regional data it is interesting to note that kindergartens in Kakheti (51.7 per cent), Imereti (53.6 per cent), Guria (70 per cent) and Racha-Lechkhumi (75 per cent) do not have any of the above- mentioned emergency mechanisms.
77 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
First aid equipment (at least partially) is provided in 95.6 per cent of kindergartens. It should be noted that, of 1,259 kindergartens surveyed, 55 kindergartens do not have first aid equipment. Of these, 67.3 per cent are located in the Kakheti and Samegrelo regions. These kindergartens are not provided with even cotton and surgical spirit, which are available in 88.4 per cent of kindergartens all over the country.
The average number of first aid items is highest in Tbilisi kindergartens, where 11 of the 12 items listed in Chart 8.3 are present. This is followed by Adjara with 9 of the listed items. In the Imereti, Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli regions this figure ranges between 7 and 8. The fewest number (5) was reported in Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Samegrelo.
The most commonly available first aid item is cotton (in 92.6 per cent of kindergartens), followed by surgical spirit (89.3 per cent of kindergartens) and a thermometer (89 per cent of kindergartens).
Chart 8.3 Distribution of kindergartens by availability of first aid items (% )
Betadine 71,6
Cotton balls 92,6
Ethanol 89,3
Physiological solution 22,6
Fever reducer syrup 39,0
Rubber bandages 24,2
Sterile bandages 57,8
Band-aid 58,0
Thermometer 89,0
Scissors 52,0
Tweezers 28,7
Medical gloves 48,1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
As was expected, the average number of first aid items in almost all regions is lower in rural areas than in urban areas. The only exception is Samtskhe-Javakheti, where the average number in urban areas is six, and in rural areas is nine; this is the highest indicator for rural areas in all regions.
First aid equipment clearly requires periodic inspection and replacement. In 72 per cent of Tbilisi kindergar tens, and in 43.4 per cent of kindergartens throughout the country, this equipment is inspected at least once a month. However, 11.5 per cent of kindergartens only carry out such inspections once a year, and 14.9 per cent of kindergartens do so even less frequently.
78 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Table 8.1 Distribution of kindergartens by frequency of inspecting first aid items (%)
Once a month Once every Twice a Once a More Region or more three Total year year rarely frequently months Tbilisi 72.0 17.2 9.6 1.3 - 100.0 Adjara A.R. 56.1 24.6 12.3 5.3 1.8 100.0 Guria 30.4 21.7 17.4 11.6 18.8 100.0 Imereti 42.0 12.2 21.0 14.7 10.1 100.0 Kakheti 27.9 11.1 13.7 15.3 32.1 100.0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 53.1 6.1 12.2 12.2 16.3 100.0 Racha-Lechkhumi and 50.0 20.6 5.9 8.8 14.7 100.0 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 36.3 19.1 14.7 13.7 16.2 100.0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 35.3 14.7 20.6 5.9 23.5 100.0 Kvemo Kartli 40.2 23.2 9.8 13.4 13.4 100.0 Shida Kartli 46.7 15.6 8.9 12.2 16.7 100.0 Total 43.4 16.0 14.2 11.5 14.9 100.0
79 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
9. FINANCING SCHEMES
Every municipality offers preschool financing schemes that provide significant benefits for parents. On average, these schemes provide a 27.8 per cent reduction in the parents’ fee per child, compared with the basic payment scheme. In urban areas, financing schemes are available in 28.9 per cent of urban kindergartens, compared with 18 per cent of kindergartens in rural areas. In urban areas, the number of children attending kindergarten is three times higher than that in rural areas.
The average level of reduction in fees is most significant in Tbilisi (35.1 per cent), Guria (26.6 per cent), Mtskheta-Mtianeti (23.1 per cent) and Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (23 per cent). The lowest reductions are seen in Kakheti (4.2 per cent) and Racha-Lechkhumi (1.9 per cent). However, this is explained by the fact that in Kakheti and Racha-Lechkhumi the average fees per child are lower than those in other regions, equalling GEL 9 in Kakheti and GEL 8.6 in Racha-Lechkhumi.
In addition to the basic scheme, there are specific schemes for children of varying status. In most cases, these are related to benefits, although in certain cases they relate to extra payments, for example for foreign citizens. All of the schemes, indicating the children’s status, the number of children (where relevant) and the amount of the fee are listed below. Some explanations are also provided.
A particular scheme may be available in a kindergarten without being availed of (no child with the relevant status present in the kindergarten in question). In this case the number of children will be indicated as 0, which means that the scheme officially exists.
The survey identified the following schemes across the country:
1. Basic scheme (fee per child without any benefits)
2. Fee for a second child (fee for a second child from a family; amount paid for the first child is not changed)
3. Fee for a third or subsequent children (fee for a third child from one family; amount paid for the first two children is not changed)
4. Fee for a child from a vulnerable family (includes families registered in the state-run programme for vulnerable families, with particular rating; scoring margin for using benefits differs by municipalities)
5. Fee for a child with special needs (inclusive education)
6. Fee for a child from families of war veterans and victims of war
7. Fee for a child from non-resident families (foreign citizensor families with no citizenship) or those with high income (more than GEL 40,000 per year)
8. Fee for children without care, orphans, left without breadwinner and of single mothers
9. Fee for children from IDP (Internally Displaced Person) families
10. Fee for three children (fee paid for all three children)
11. Fee for children from large families (number of children for obtaining the “large family” status varies across municipalities)
12. Fee for second and subsequent children (fee for the first child is not changed and remains equal for the remaining children)
13. Fee for twins (one child’s attendance is free)
80 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
14. Fee for two or more children from a family (fee per child is unchanged)
15. Fee for a child of a handicapped person (invalids of I or II group)
16. Fee for two or more children from a large family.
The basic scheme is the only scheme in use in all municipalities of all regions. Some of the schemes are quite specific.
Scheme1 (basic scheme) – This scheme operates in all kindergartens. It should be noted that there are some kindergartens where the fee equals 0 (all kindergartens in Khoni, the only kindergarten in Akhalgori is located in Tserovani IDP settlement, 3 kindergartens in Lentekhi, 1 kindergarten in Zugdidi, all kindergartens in Mestia, 11 in Tetritskaro and 1 in Kareli).
Table 9.1 Number of children using Scheme 1 and average payment by region
Region Average fee (GEL) Number of Children Tbilisi 50.8 25,007 Adjara 23.9 7,016 Guria 12.0 2,226 Imereti 11.8 15,019 Kakheti 9.0 8,953 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 14.2 2,090 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 8.6 701 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 15.1 6,874 Samtskhe-Javakheti 22.6 2,399 Kvemo Kartli 23.8 8,155 Shida Kartli 14.7 5,323
The fee averages GEL 28.5 in urban areas, and GEL12.1 in rural areas.
81 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Scheme 2 (fee for a second child) – This operates in 43.7 per cent of urban kindergartens and in 11.5 per cent of rural kindergartens. The percentage fee reduction for a second child varies between 13.6 per cent and 100 per cent, while the payment amount ranges from GEL 0-40. The average payment is GEL 19.9 in urban areas, and GEL 5 in rural areas. The scheme operates in all regions except Racha-Lechkhumi.
Table 9.2 Scheme 2: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%) and number of children using the scheme by regions9
Region Average fee (GEL) Fee reduction (%) Number of children Tbilisi 25.4 50.0 3,392 Adjara 0.0 100.0 377 Guria 0.2 97.6 84 Imereti 9.8 34.1 119 Kakheti 7.5 25.0 10 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.9 93.8 1 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti - - - Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.7 95.7 110 Samtskhe-Javakheti 13.8 41.8 129 Kvemo Kartli 8.1 65.0 152 Shida Kartli 14.0 34.8 67
Note: In one kindergarten in Ozurgeti municipality (Guria region) the scheme fee is GEL 5 (half of the basic fee), and in other kindergartens in Guria it is GEL 0. Also, in one kindergarten of Tianeti municipality (Mtskheta-Mtianeti region) the scheme feeis GEL 0. In Martvili municipality (Samegrelo) there is a 50 per cent fee reduction, while in other kindergartens in Samegrelo the scheme fee is GEL 0.
The benefit in urban areas is 56.4 per cent, and in rural areas it is 70.2 per cent.
Chart 9.1 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 2, by region (%)
Shida Kartli 8,3 Kvemo Kartli 28,6 Samtskhe-Javakheti 64,7 Samegrelo -Zemo Svaneti 10,2 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 0,0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 14,5 Kakheti 0,5 Imereti 9,6 Guria 30,0 Adjara 38,6 Tbilisi 99,4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
9 In this and the following tables, the average payment and average percentage benefits are calculated based on regional average data of kindergartens where this scheme operates.
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Scheme 3 (fee for third or subsequent children) – This scheme operates mainly in urban kindergartens (34.6 per cent of urban kindergartens and 8.4 per cent of rural kindergartens). In general, it exempts parents from paying the fee, with some particular exceptions: two kindergartens in Tkibuli (Imereti) and two kindergartens in Borjomi (Samtskhe-Javakheti) provide a 50 per cent fee reduction; one Gori kindergarten (Shida Kartli) has a 33.3 per cent fee reduction and another has a 20 per cent fee reduction. The scheme operates in all regions except Racha-Lechkhumi and Kakheti.
Table 9.3 Scheme 3: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%) and number of children using the scheme by region
Average fee Fee reduction Number of Region (GEL) (%) children Tbilisi 0.0 100.0 257 Adjara 0.0 100.0 1 Guria 0.0 100.0 0 Imereti 5.0 50.0 11 Kakheti - - - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.0 100.0 2 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti - - - Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.0 100.0 16 Samtskhe-Javakheti 1.5 92.3 9 Kvemo Kartli 0.0 100.0 0 Shida Kartli 5.5 63.3 1
Although Scheme 3 operates in Guria and Kvemo Kartli, children benefiting from this scheme were not reported in these regions during the survey.
Chart 9.2 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 3, by region (%)
Shida Kartli 4,2 Kvemo Kartli 3,6 Samtskhe-Javakheti 38,2 Samegrelo -Zemo Svaneti 17,3 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 0,0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 10,9 Kakheti 0,0 Imereti 0,8 Guria 30,0 Adjara 7,0 Tbilisi 93,6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Scheme 4 (fee for a child from a vulnerable family) – This scheme covers 71.3 per cent of urban kindergartens and 49.9 per cent of rural kindergartens. It generally exempts parents from paying the fee, with some exceptions. A 50 per cent fee reduction is reported in 1 kindergarten in Ozurgeti (Guria), 1 kindergarten in Gurjaani (Kakheti), 22 out of 23 kindergartens in Sighnaghi (Kakheti), all kindergartens in Borjomi (Samtskhe-Javakheti), 1 kindergarten in Tianeti (Mtskheta-Mtianeti) and 8 kindergartens in Gori (Shida Kartli). In 1 kindergarten in Mtskheta the fee reduction is 66.7 per cent, while in Bolnisi it is 60 per cent. In Gori municipality, apart from the 8 kindergartens referred to above, the fee reduction ranges between 16.7 per cent and 66.7 per cent. In the Martvili, Chkhorotsku and Khobi (Samegrelo) kindergartens a specific type of Scheme 3 operates: specifically, a 67.7 per cent fee reduction is available for children from families having a social assistance rating of between 57,000 and 70,000, while families scoring less than 57,000 are fully exempt from payment. It should be noted that while fee exemption based on a social assistance score was reported in every region, the score threshold varies. For example, in Tbilisi the score threshold is 200,000 points.
Table 9.4 Scheme 4: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%) and number of children using the scheme, by region
Region Average fee (GEL) Fee reduction (%) Number of children Tbilisi 0.0 100.0 13,125 Adjara 0.0 100.0 971 Guria 0.1 99.3 631 Imereti 0.0 100.0 1,138 Kakheti 1.9 81.1 379 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.3 98.3 401 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo 0.0 100.0 7 Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.0 100.0 1,892 Samtskhe-Javakheti 6.3 68.8 85 Kvemo Kartli 2.4 90.6 456 Shida Kartli 6.9 72.0 587
Chart 9.3 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 4, by region (%)
Shida Kartli 32,3 Kvemo Kartli 60,7 Samtskhe-Javakheti 47,1 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 84,0 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 2,8 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 89,1 Kakheti 29,8 Imereti 36,8 Guria 100,0 Adjara 42,1 Tbilisi 99,4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
84 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Scheme 5 (fee for a child with special needs) – This scheme operates mostly in kindergartens in urban areas (19.3 per cent) and in 4.5 percent of those in rural areas. The scheme fully exempts parents from paying the fee. However,there are two kindergartens, 1 in Khelvachauri (Adjara) and 1 in Gori (Shida Kartli), which offer only a 50 per cent fee reduction. The scheme operates in all regions except Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Kartli.
Table 9.5 Scheme 5: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%) and number of children using the scheme, by region
Region Average fee (GEL) Fee reduction (%) Number of children Tbilisi 0.0 100.0 213 Adjara 1.6 93.8 16 Guria 0.0 100.0 9 Imereti 0.0 100.0 10 Kakheti 0.0 100.0 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.0 100.0 3 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo - - - Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 15.0 0.0 1 Samtskhe-Javakheti 0.0 100.0 6 Kvemo Kartli - - - Shida Kartli 5.0 75.0 1
Chart 9.4 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 5, by region (%)
Shida Kartli 2,1 Kvemo Kartli 0,0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 8,8 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0,0 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 0,0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 5,5 Kakheti 4,9 Imereti 0,4 Guria 30,0 Adjara 14,0 Tbilisi 53,5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
85 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Scheme 6 (fee for a child from the families of war veterans and victims of war) – This scheme, which exempts parents from paying the fee, is available in 14.4 per cent of kindergartens in urban areas and in 6.3 per cent of those in rural areas. However, in one kindergarten in Dmanisi and two kindergartens in Gori there is a 50 per cent reduction, and in one kindergarten in Bolnisi a 60 per cent reduction. This scheme is not available in any kindergarden in the Racha-Lechkhumi region.
Table 9.6 Scheme 6: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%) and number of children using the scheme by region
Region Average fee (GEL) Fee reduction (%) Number of children Tbilisi 0.0 100.0 41 Adjara 0.0 100.0 37 Guria 0.0 100.0 0 Imereti 0.0 100.0 0 Kakheti 0.0 100.0 0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.0 100.0 1 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo - - - Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.0 100.0 0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 0.0 100.0 20 Kvemo Kartli 3.3 85.0 0 Shida Kartli 15.0 50.0 2
Chart 9.5 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 6, by region (%)
Shida Kartli 2,1 Kvemo Kartli 7,1 Samtskhe-Javakheti 26,5 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0,4 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 0,0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 1,8 Kakheti 7,3 Imereti 9,2 Guria 28,6 Adjara 42,1 Tbilisi 12,7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Scheme 7 (fee for a child from non-resident families or those with high income)– This scheme operates only in Tbilisi, where it is available in 43 kindergartens (27.4 per cent). It requires an additional payment from parents of between 22.5 and 126.7 per cent. The average payment for Scheme 7 amounted to GEL 81.7 and the number of children to whom it applies is 52.
86 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Scheme 8 (fee for children without care, orphans, survivors, left without breadwinner and of single mothers) –This scheme operates in all regions. However, it operates in only 1.3 per cent of kindergartens in Tbilisi, 2.8 per cent of those in Racha-Lechkhumi, and 5.2 per cent of those in Shida Kartli. The highest use of the scheme is in Samtskhe-Javakheti (52.9 per cent). It operates in 24.4 per cent of urban kindergartens and in 15.3 per cent of rural kindergartens in the region. The scheme fully exempts parents from payment. However, a 50 per cent fee reduction applies in one Khelvachauri kindergarten, seven Tkibuli kindergartens, nine Sighnaghi kindergartens, one Ambrolauri kindergarten (the only kindergarten in Racha-Lechkhumi where the scheme operates), four Borjomi kindergartens, two Dmanisi kindergartens, two Marneuli kindergartens and one Gori kindergarten. In all, seven Bolnisi kindergartens, where Scheme 8 operates, the fee reduction is 60 per cent. In two Gori kindergartens there is a 33.3 per cent fee reduction and 1 Gori kindergarten offers a 40 per cent fee reduction.
Table 9.7 Scheme 8: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%), and number of children using the scheme by region
Region Average fee (GEL) Fee reduction (%) Number of children Tbilisi 0.0 100.0 39 Adjara 0.9 96.6 37 Guria 0.0 100.0 1 Imereti 0.5 95.4 163 Kakheti 1.8 82.0 24 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.0 100.0 20 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo 7.5 50.0 2 Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.0 100.0 2 Samtskhe-Javakheti 2.2 88.9 28 Kvemo Kartli 5.5 77.1 88 Shida Kartli 10.0 51.3 7
Chart 9.6 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 8, by regions (%)
Shida Kartli 5,2 Kvemo Kartli 25,0 Samtskhe-Javakheti 52,9 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 10,2 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 2,8 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 34,5 Kakheti 12,2 Imereti 31,8 Guria 28,6 Adjara 50,9 Tbilisi 1,3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Scheme 9 (fee for children from IDP families) – This scheme operates in all regions except Tbilisi. It is available in 28 per cent of urban kindergartens and in 24.4 per cent of rural kindergartens. While the scheme basically exempts parents from payment, there are two kindergartens in Lagodekhi, five in Borjomi and one in Dmanisi where the fee reduction is 50 per cent. One kindergarten in Ambrolauri has a 33.3 per cent fee reduction, and six kindergartens in Bolnisi provide a 60 per cent fee reduction. In Gori kindergartens where the payment is not fully abolished, the fee reduction ranges between 20 per cent and 80 per cent.
Table 9.8 Scheme 9: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%) and number of children using the scheme, by region
Region Average fee (GEL) Fee reduction (%) Number of children Tbilisi - - - Adjara 0.0 100.0 1 Guria 0.0 100.0 31 Imereti 0.0 100.0 554 Kakheti 0.2 97.8 29 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.0 100.0 57 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo 10.0 33.3 2 Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.0 100.0 5 Samtskhe-Javakheti 3.8 80.8 36 Kvemo Kartli 2.0 91.7 135 Shida Kartli 4.9 77.8 588
Chart 9.7 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 9, by region (%)
Shida Kartli 56,3 Kvemo Kartli 41,7 Samtskhe-Javakheti 38,2 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0,4 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 2,8 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 36,4 Kakheti 22,4 Imereti 39,7 Guria 75,7 Adjara 12,3 Tbilisi 0,0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Scheme 10 (fee for three children) – This scheme operates only in Adjara (16 kindergartens in Batumi), Samegrelo (17 kindergartens in Zugdidi) and Shida Kartli (1 kindergarten in Gori). The scheme fully exempts parents from payment, except for one Gori kindergarten, where a 16.7 per cent fee reduction is provided. Eighteen children in Adjara, one child in Samegrelo and nine children in Shida Kartli benefit from the scheme.
88 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
Scheme 11 (fee for children from large families) – This scheme operates equally in both urban areas (25.6 per cent of kindergartens) and rural areas (20 per cent of kindergartens). Where it operates fully, it exempts parent from payment. However, in 28 kindergartens in Ozurgeti, 1 in Chokhatauri, 11 in Tkibuli, 4 in Dedoplistskaro, 1 in each of Lagodekhi, Borjomi and Dmanisi, 3 in Marneuli and 2 kindergartens in Gori, there is a 50 per cent reduction. In 10 kindergartens in Bolnisi a 60 per cent fee reduction is provided, while in 1 kindergarten in Ozurgeti and 2 in Aspindza the fee is reduced by 66.7 per cent. There is also 1 kindergarten in Ozurgeti where the fee is reduced by 46.7 per cent. Scheme 11 does not operate in Tbilisi and Racha-Lechkhumi.
Table 9.9 Scheme 11: Average fee, average fee reduction with respect to basic fee (%) and number of children using the scheme, by region
Region Average fee (GEL) Fee reduction (%) Number of children Tbilisi - - - Adjara 0.0 100.0 24 Guria 3.0 73.0 55 Imereti 0.7 92.8 295 Kakheti 0.5 95.1 50 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 0.0 100.0 30 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo - - - Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 0.0 100.0 14 Samtskhe-Javakheti 1.8 89.4 41 Kvemo Kartli 10.7 57.1 116 Shida Kartli 8.3 66.7 4
Chart 9.8 Distribution of kindergartens using Scheme 11, by region (%)
Shida Kartli 3,1 Kvemo Kartli 16,7 Samtskhe-Javakheti 32,4 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 12,4 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 0,0 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 56,4 Kakheti 24,9 Imereti 31,8 Guria 81,4 Adjara 15,8 Tbilisi 0,0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Scheme 12 (fee fora second and subsequent child) – This operates only in 1 kindergarten in Shuakhevi, 7 in Martvili, 9 in Tsalenjikha, 17 in Gardabani and 4 in Gori. However, the scheme fully exempts parents from payment in Martvili kindergartens, where there is a fee reduction of 50 per cent. For kindergartens in Gori, the reductions range between 16.7 and 75 per cent. The number of children who benefit from this scheme is 123 in Samegrelo, 279 in Kvemo Kartli and 90 in Shida Kartli.
Scheme 13 (fee for twins) – This operates only in Kutaisi (in all kindergartens). The scheme fully exempts parents from payment, and 61 children benefit from it.
Scheme 14 (fee for two or more children from one family) – This scheme operates in 20 kindergartens in Signagi, 2 kindergartens in Borjomi, and 1 in each of Adigeni and Gori. In Sighnaghi a 25 per cent fee reduction is provided (availed of by 154 children); the fee is reduced by 13.5 per cent in Adigeni (6 children), by 50 per cent in Borjomi (48 children), and by 20 per cent in Gori (24 children).
Scheme 15 (fee for a child of a disabled person of I and II group) – This scheme operates only in 11 kindergartens in the Dusheti municipality (5 in urban areas and 6 in rural areas). It fully exempts parents from payment and is availed of by 2 children.
Scheme 16 (fee for two or more children from a large family) – This scheme operates only in 27 kindergartens in the Khobi municipality. It fully exempts parents from payment and is availed of by 40 children (eight in urban areas and 32 in rural areas).
As we have seen, there are many different schemes in operation across different regions and municipalities in Georgia. Some schemes are quite commonly available and others are limited to specific regions and areas. In addition to those described above, some other unusual fee arrangements and exemptions are in place.
One kindergarten in Akhmeta reported that a child had been exempted from payment by the local authority in Gamgeoba. In 5 kindergartens in Marneuli, children of staff members receive a 50 per cent reduction in fees (a total of 27 children), and in one kindergarten in Gori only the children of vulnerable families living in the kindergarten building are exempt from payment.
90 DATA COLLECTION FOR EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD PROTECTION IN GEORGIA – PRESCHOOL CENSUS
ANNEX
Annex 9.1 Numbers of kindergartens, by active schemes and regions Scheme # Tbilisi Adjara Guria Imereti Kakheti Mtskheta-Mtianeti Svaneti Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Samtskhe-Javakheti Kartli Kvemo KartliShida Total
1 157 57 70 239 205 55 36 225 34 84 96 1,258 2 156 22 21 23 1 8 - 23 22 24 8 308 3 147 4 21 2 - 6 - 39 13 3 4 239 4 156 24 70 88 61 49 1 189 16 51 31 736 5 84 8 21 1 10 3 - - 3 - 2 132 6 20 24 20 22 15 1 - 1 9 6 2 120 7 44 ------44 8 2 29 20 76 25 19 1 23 18 21 5 239 9 - 7 53 95 46 20 1 1 13 35 54 325 10 - 16 - - - - - 17 - - 1 34 11 - 9 57 76 51 31 - 28 11 14 3 280 12 - 1 - - - - - 16 - 17 4 38 13 - - - 35 ------35 14 - - - - 20 - - - 3 - 1 24 15 - - - - - 11 - - - - - 11 16 ------27 - - - 27
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Annex 9.2 Numbers of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Tbilisi Scheme # Gldani-Nadzaladevi Didgori Didube-Chughureti Vake-Saburtalo Isani-Samgori Dzveli Tbilisi Total
1 39 6 17 32 43 20 157 2 39 6 17 32 42 20 156 3 35 6 15 32 41 18 147 4 38 6 17 32 43 20 156 5 13 1 9 18 33 10 84 6 - - 3 2 13 2 20 7 6 1 1 6 22 8 44 8 2 - - - - - 2 9 ------10 ------11 ------12 ------13 ------14 ------15 ------16 ------
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Annex 9.3 Numbers of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Adjara Scheme # Batumi Keda Kobuleti Shuakhevi Khelvachauri Khulo Total
1 24 7 11 5 5 5 57 2 22 - - - - - 22 3 4 - - - - - 4 4 24 - - - - - 24 5 1 - - 1 1 5 8 6 23 - - - - 1 24 7 ------8 20 - - 3 2 4 29 9 1 - - 2 - 4 7 10 16 - - - - - 16 11 9 - - - - - 9 12 - - - 1 - - 1 13 ------14 ------15 ------16 ------
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Annex 9.4 Numbers of kindergartens by active schemes and municipalities in Guria Scheme # Lanchkhuti Ozurgeti Chokhatauri Total
1 20 37 13 70 2 20 1 - 21 3 20 1 - 21 4 20 37 13 70 5 20 1 - 21 6 20 - - 20 7 - - - - 8 20 - - 20 9 20 33 - 53 10 - - - - 11 20 36 1 57 12 - - - - 13 - - - - 14 - - - - 15 - - - - 16 - - - -
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Annex 9.5 Number of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Imereti Scheme # Kutaisi Tkibuli Tskaltubo Chiatura Baghdati Vani Zestafoni Terjola Samtredia Sachkhe Kharagauli Khoni Total
1 35 14 10 23 15 21 39 24 22 12 9 15 239 2 - 1 - - - - - 22 - - - - 23 3 - 2 ------2 4 - - 10 23 - - - 24 22 - 9 - 88 5 1 ------1 6 - - - 22 ------22 7 ------8 35 14 5 22 ------76 9 35 14 - 23 - - - 23 - - - - 95 10 ------11 35 11 7 23 ------76 12 ------13 35 ------35 14 ------15 ------16 -
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Annex 9.6 Number of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Kakheti Scheme # Akhmeta Gurjaani Dedoflistskaro Telavi Lagodekhi Sagarejo Sighnaghi Kvareli Total
1 37 31 16 21 29 26 23 22 205 2 ------1 - 1 3 ------4 - 1 16 - - - 22 22 61 5 - - 1 - - - 8 1 10 6 ------15 15 7 ------8 - - 1 - - - 9 15 25 9 - - 15 - 7 1 8 15 46 10 ------11 - - 15 - 1 - 13 22 51 12 ------13 ------14 ------20 - 20 15 ------16 ------
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Annex 9.7 Number of kindergartens by active schemes and municipalities in Mtskheta-Mtianeti Scheme # Akhalgori Dusheti Tianeti Mtskheta Kazbegi Total
1 1 14 13 20 7 55 2 - - 8 - - 8 3 - 1 5 - - 6 4 - 14 8 20 7 49 5 - - 2 1 - 3 6 - - - 1 - 1 7 ------8 - 14 - 5 - 19 9 - - - 20 - 20 10 ------11 - 13 1 17 - 31 12 ------13 ------14 ------15 - 11 - - - 11 16 ------
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Annex 9.8 Number of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Scheme # Ambrolauri Lentekhi Oni Tsageri Total
1 9 12 1 14 36 2 - - - - - 3 - - - - - 4 - 1 - - 1 5 - - - - - 6 - - - - - 7 - - - - - 8 1 - - - 1 9 1 - - - 1 10 - - - - - 11 - - - - - 12 - - - - - 13 - - - - - 14 - - - - - 15 - - - - - 16 - - - - -
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Annex 9.9 Number of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Scheme # Foti Abasha Zugdidi Martvili Mestia Senaki Chkhorotsku Tsalenjikha Khobi Total
1 15 15 58 9 18 21 30 30 29 225 2 - - - 2 - - - 21 - 23 3 - - 38 - - 1 - - - 39 4 15 - 56 9 - 20 30 30 29 189 5 ------6 ------1 1 7 ------8 - - - - - 1 - 22 - 23 9 - - - - - 1 - - - 1 10 - - 17 ------17 11 - - - - - 3 - 25 - 28 12 - - - 7 - - - 9 - 16 13 ------14 ------15 ------16 ------27 27
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Annex 9.10 Number of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Samtskhe-Javakheti Scheme # Adigeni Aspindza Akhalkalaki Akhaltsikhe Borjomi Ninotsminda Total
1 7 2 5 9 10 1 34 2 5 - - 9 8 - 22 3 - - - 4 9 - 13 4 - 2 2 1 10 1 16 5 - 1 - 2 - - 3 6 - - - 9 - - 9 7 ------8 - 2 1 7 8 - 18 9 - - - 8 5 - 13 10 ------11 - 2 - 8 1 - 11 12 ------13 ------14 1 - - - 2 - 3 15 ------16 ------
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Annex 9.11 Number of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Kvemo Kartli Scheme # Rustavi Bolnisi Gardabani Dmanisi Tetritskaro Marneuli Tsalka Total
1 21 12 22 7 12 9 1 84 2 - 12 4 6 1 - 1 24 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 4 - 12 22 7 1 8 1 51 5 ------6 - 1 2 2 - 1 - 6 7 ------8 - 7 4 3 - 7 - 21 9 - 6 21 5 - 2 1 35 10 ------11 - 10 - 1 - 3 - 14 12 - - 17 - - - - 17 13 ------14 ------15 ------16 ------
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Annex 9.12 Numbers of kindergartens, by active schemes and municipalities in Shida Kartli Scheme # Gori Kaspi Kareli Khashuri Total
1 46 25 13 12 96 2 8 - - - 8 3 4 - - - 4 4 18 - 1 12 31 5 2 - - - 2 6 2 - - - 2 7 - - - - - 8 5 - - - 5 9 36 - 6 12 54 10 1 - - - 1 11 2 - 1 - 3 12 4 - - - 4 13 - - - - - 14 1 - - - 1 15 - - - - - 16 - - - - -
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10. SOURCES OF FINANCING AND EXPENDITURE IN PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS
Financing
The survey showed that the administrations of preschool institutions do not have access to complete information on financing. Therefore, finance-related information was obtained from the municipal authorities to which preschool institutions are accountable.
Preschool institutions have two main sources of finance: municipal budgets and parents’ fees. In the academic year 2011/2012, municipal budgets accounted for 70.7 per cent of overall kindergarten financing; this figure ranged from 59.7 per cent to 94.3 per cent across regions. Parents’ fees accounted for 29 per cent of total kindergarten financing, ranging from 5.7 percent to 39.6 per cent. The highest proportion of preschool funding from municipal budgets was reported in Racha-Lechkhumi (more than 94 per cent) and the smallest (59.7 per cent) in Kvemo Kartli. The proportion of total funding contributed by parents’ fees was highest in Tbilisi (at 39.6 per cent) and Kvemo Kartli (at 38.8 per cent).
Table 10.1 Sources of financing of preschool institutions, by region (%)
2011/2012 2012/2013
Region /Sponsors Municipal budget contribution Parents Donors/sponsors Other Municipal budget contribution Parents Donors/sponsors Other
Tbilisi 60.4 39.6 - - 76.5 23.5 - - Adjara A.R. 70.6 28.2 - 1.2 72.8 26.3 - 0.9 Guria 88.6 7.8 0.9 2.7 73.4 8.1 - 18.5 Imereti 87.0 12.9 0.1 - 83.8 14.9 - 1.3 Kakheti 88.5 11.5 - - 86.3 13.7 - - Mtskheta-Mtianeti 88.7 11.3 - - 89.8 10.2 - - Racha-Lechkhumi and 94.3 5.7 - - 94.1 5.8 0.1 - Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 81.3 18.6 - 0.1 81.2 18.6 - 0.2 Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti 70.6 29.3 0.1 - 67.2 32.6 0.1 0.2 Kvemo Kartli 59.7 38.8 - 1.4 56.0 40.7 - 3.3 Shida Kartli 80.0 20.0 - - 75.9 24.1 - - Total 70.7 29.0 0.0 0.3 76.6 22.5 0.0 0.9
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The average monthly fee per child in 2011/2012 was GEL 22.8. The highest average monthly fees were paid by parents in Adjara (GEL 39.4) and Tbilisi (GEL 36.2). The lowest average fees were paid in Racha-Lechkhumi (GEL 4.8) and Kakheti (GEL 5.6).
Table 10.2 Parents’ average monthly payments per child in the academic year 2011/2012*
GEL Total 22.8 Tbilisi 36.2 Adjara A.R. 39.4 Guria 6.8 Imereti 9.5 Kakheti 5.6 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 8.3 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 4.8 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 11.3 Samtskhe-Javakheti 15.6 Kvemo Kartli 22.6 Shida Kartli 10.5
*calculations based ona ten-month period
Expenditure
The two highest expenditure items for preschool institutions were salaries and food. In the academic year 2011/2012, salaries accounted for 59.1 per cent of total expenditure, ranging across regions from 50.3 per cent in Adjara to 73.3 per cent in Racha-Lechkhumi.
Food accounted for 25.1 per cent of total expenses. The highest proportions of food expenses were in Tbilisi (29 per cent) and Samtskhe-Javakheti (28.5 per cent), while the smallest was in Racha-Lechkhumi (13.9 per cent).
Table 10.3 Expenses for preschool institutions across region in 2011/2012 (%)
Region Salary Capital expenditures Expenses on goods and services Meals Education materials/toys Trainings Other Unutilised amount
Total 59.1 0.8 6.6 25.1 1.4 0.0 5.9 1.0 Tbilisi 57.6 0.0 2.2 29.0 2.2 - 8.9 Adjara A.R. 50.3 2.8 8.3 24.1 1.3 0.2 6.9 6.1 Guria 67.1 4.6 9.7 16.2 0.1 0.1 2.2 Imereti 61.3 2.3 15.0 18.1 0.4 0.1 1.6 1.3
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Kakheti 67.2 0.1 9.0 22.6 0.8 - 0.3 - Mtskheta- 71.9 - 11.2 15.4 0.2 - 1.3 - Mtianeti Racha- Lechkhumi and 73.3 - 9.0 13.9 0.6 0.3 2.4 0.5 Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo 61.0 0.4 9.4 26.7 0.4 0.1 1.9 0.1 Svaneti Samtskhe- 57.7 - 10.7 28.5 1.2 - 1.7 0.2 Javakheti Kvemo Kartli 58.4 0.1 6.7 23.9 0.6 - 7.7 2.6 Shida Kartli 65.4 0.5 9.6 21.6 0.9 0.0 0.9 1.0
The average monthly expenditure per child (excluding capital expenditure) in the academic year 2011/2012 was GEL 80. Adjara and Tbilisi kindergartens stood out, with figures of GEL 135.7 and GEL 96.2 per child, respectively. Accordingly, the food expenses per child were also high in these two regions, equalling GEL 33.6 in Adjara and GEL 27.9 in Tbilisi, significantly higher than the national average of GEL 20.3. The lowest average monthly expenditure per child of GEL 48.3 was reported in Kakheti, along with the lowest figure for food expenses of GEL 10.9.
Table 10.4 Average monthly expenditure per child in academic year 2011/2012
of which: Total Food expenses Total 80.0 20.3 Tbilisi 96.2 27.9
Adjara A.R. 135.7 33.6 Guria 82.9 14.1 Imereti 71.7 13.3 Kakheti 48.3 10.9 Mtskheta-Mtianeti 73.5 11.3 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 84.4 11.7 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 60.5 16.2 Samtskhe-Javakheti 53.1 15.1 Kvemo Kartli 58.2 13.9 Shida Kartli 52.2 11.4
*calculations based on a ten-month period
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