Chapter 9: Burns
Chapter 9: Burns
Types of Burns:
Thermal burns: caused by flames, contact with hot objects, flammable vapor that ignite and causes a flash or an explosion, steam, or hot liquid
Chemical burns: Can cause tissue damage and death if they come in contact with the skin. Three types of chemicals, acids, alkalis, and organic compounds are the most common chemical burns
Electrical burns: The severity of the injury from electric current depends on the type of current (direct or alternating), the voltage, the area of the body exposed, and the duration of contact.
Depth of Burns:
First degree(superficial):Affect the skin’s outer layer
Characteristics include redness, mild swelling, tenderness and pain
Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns: Extend though the skin’s entire outer layer and into the inner layer
Blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids
Third-degree (full thickness) burns:Severe burns that penetrate all the skin layers and the underlying fat and muscle
The skin looks leathery, waxy, or pearly gray, sometimes charred
The victim feels no pain from a third degree burn because the nerve endings have been damaged or destroyed
Extent of Burns:Determine the severity of the burn
Rule of the Hand: The victim’s entire hand represents about 1% of his or her total body surface area (BSA)
Burns on the face, hands, feet, and genitals are more severe than on other body parts
Care of Thermal Burns:
- First-Degree Burns:
Cool the burn with cold water until the part is pain free (at least 10 minutes)
After the burn cools, apply an Aloe Vera gel or skin moisturizer to keep skin moistened and reduce itching and peeling
Give ibuprofen to relieve pain and inflammation. Give acetaminophen to children
- Second Degree Burns:
Remove clothing and jewelry from the burned area
Cool the burn with cold water until the part is pain free
After the burn has been cooled, apply antibiotic ointment
Cover the burn loosely with a dry, nonstick, sterile or clean dressing to keep the clean
Give ibuprofen to relieve pain and inflammation. Give acetaminophen for children
- Large Second Degree and All Third Degree Burns
Monitor breathing
Remove clothing and jewelry that is not stuck to the burned area
Cover the burn with a dry, nonstick, sterile or clean dressing
Care for shock
Seek medical care
Chemical Burns: a chemical burn results when a caustic or corrosive substance touches the skin
Remove as fast as possible
Care for Chemical Burns:
Immediately flush the area with a large quantity of water for 20 minutes, if the chemical is a dry powder brush the powder from skin before flushing
Remove the victims contaminated clothing and jewelry while flushing with water
Cover the affected area with a dry, sterile or clean dressing
Seek medical care
Electrical Burns:
Thermal (flame): clothing or objects in contact with the skin are ignited by an electric current
Arc burn (flash): when electricity jumps from one spot to another
True electrical injury (contact): when an electric current passes directly through the body, which can disrupt the normal heart rhythm and cause cardiac arrest and burns
Care for Electrical Burns:
Make sure the area is safe, unplug, disconnect, or turn of the power, if that is possible call 9-1-1
Monitor breathing
If the victim fell, check for a possible spinal injury
Care for shock
Call 9-1-1 for medical care
Chapter 9: Burns
Types of Burns:
Thermal burns: ______
Chemical burns: Can cause tissue damage and death if they come in contact with the skin. Three types of chemicals, acids, alkalis, and organic compounds are the most common chemical burns
Electrical burns: The severity of the injury from electric current depends on the type of current (direct or alternating), the voltage, the area of the body exposed, and the duration of contact.
Depth of Burns:
First degree(superficial): ______
______
Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns: Extend though the skin’s entire outer layer and into the inner layer
Blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids
Third-degree (full thickness) burns: ______
The skin looks leathery, waxy, or pearly gray, sometimes charred
The victim feels no pain from a third degree burn because the nerve endings have been damaged or destroyed
Extent of Burns: Determine the severity of the burn
______The victim’s entire hand represents about 1% of his or her total body surface area (BSA)
Burns on the face, hands, feet, and genitals are more severe than on other body parts
Care of Thermal Burns:
- First-Degree Burns:
Cool the burn with cold water until the part is pain free (at least 10 minutes)
After the burn cools, apply an Aloe Vera gel or skin moisturizer to keep skin moistened and reduce itching and peeling
______
- Second Degree Burns:
Remove clothing and jewelry from the burned area
______
After the burn has been cooled, apply antibiotic ointment
Cover the burn loosely with a dry, nonstick, sterile or clean dressing to keep the clean
Give ibuprofen to relieve pain and inflammation. Give acetaminophen for children
- Large Second Degree and All Third Degree Burns
______
Remove clothing and jewelry that is not stuck to the burned area
Cover the burn with a dry, nonstick, sterile or clean dressing
______
Seek medical care
Chemical Burns: a chemical burn results when a caustic or corrosive substance touches the skin
Remove as fast as possible
Care for Chemical Burns:
______
______
Remove the victims contaminated clothing and jewelry while flushing with water
Cover the affected area with a dry, sterile or clean dressing
Seek medical care
Electrical Burns:
Thermal (flame): ______
Arc burn (flash): when electricity jumps from one spot to another
______when an electric current passes directly through the body, which can disrupt the normal heart rhythm and cause cardiac arrest and burns
Care for Electrical Burns:
Make sure the area is safe, unplug, disconnect, or turn of the power, if that is possible call 9-1-1
______
If the victim fell, check for a possible spinal injury
Care for shock
______