Ch 12 Key Issues

Name Period

Chapter 12: Key Issue 1

Services and Settlements: Where Are Services Distributed?

Rubenstein, pp. 431-433

· INTRODUCTION

1. What is a service?

2. What is a settlement?

· THREE TYPES OF SERVICES

3. How many jobs in the United States are considered in the consumer services?

4. Name and give examples for the 4 major types of consumer services.

5. The principal purpose of business services is to ______________ other businesses.

6. Name and give an example of the 3 major types of business services.

7. What is the purpose of public services?

8. What percent of public-sector employees work for the:

Federal Gov. State Gov. Local Gov.

9. Between 1972 and 2010, where did all the employment growth occur in the U.S? What sectors declined?

10. List some contibutors to the recession that began in 2008:

Name Period

Chapter 12: Key Issue 2

Services and Settlements: Where Are Consumer Services Distributed?

Rubenstein, pp. 434-440

· CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

1. What does the central place theory seek to explain?

2. What is a central place?

3. What is a market area?

4. What is another term for a market area?

5. What shape do geographers use to represent market areas?

6. Why is this particular shaped used?

7. Complete the following charts

Range
Definition
Services with long ranges / Services with short ranges
Threshold
Definition
Services that require a smaller threshold / Services that require a larger threshold

Name 5 local businesses and state what type of range and threshold they have

Local Business Examples / Range (long or short) / Threshold (small or large)
1
2
3
4
5

· HIERARCHY OF CONSUMER SERVICES

8. Small settlements have 9. Larger settlements provide consumer services that have

a. _____________thresholds a. ____________thresholds

b. _____________ranges b. _____________ranges

c. _____________market areas c. _____________market areas.

10. What are the two reasons consumers are willing to travel greater distances?

11. Illustrate an example of nesting patterns of settlements of different sizes?

12. Who made the original study in central place theory?

13. Where did he conduct his study?

14. How many rankings of settlement sizes did he come up with?

15. In MDCs the pattern of cities follows the rank-size rule. This states that:

16. If the largest city in a country is more than twice the size of the second city, that largest city is said to be a___________________ city. List an example:

17. How does the existence of a rank size distribution have an impact on the quality of life?

18. How does the absence of a rank size distribution have an impact on the quality of life?

· MARKET AREA ANALYSIS

19. What are the three steps in a market area analysis? Why would you want to do step 3?

20. The gravity model _________________ that the __________________ ___________ of a service is directly related to the _____________ of ______________ in the _____________ and inversely related to the _______________ people must _____________ to access it.

21. According to the gravity model, describe the two behavior patterns it reflects?

22. Complete the bullet list for periodic markets

· A periodic market is

· A periodic market provides goods to

· Many of the vendors in periodic markets are

· Periodic markets vary by

Name Period

Chapter 12: Key Issue 3

Services and Settlements: Where Are Business Services Distributed?

Rubenstein, pp. 442-443

· HIERARCHY OF BUSINESS SERVIES

1. What makes a city a global city (world city) in terms of services it offers?

2. Why do the following business services cluster in global cities?

a. Management of large corporations

b. Professionals such as lawyers, accountants, etc.

c. Financial services

3. How are global cities divided? What factors are used?

4. Name several examples of consumer and public services found in world cities.

5. Briefly explain the services created by being a center of national and international government.

· BUSINESS SERVICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

6. What type of countries offer Offshore Financial Services?

7. Explain the two important functions of offering offshore financial services.

8. What are the 4 other offshore centers?

9. What is another name for back –office functions? What do these include?

10. What are the two reasons LDCs have attracted back offices

· ECONOMIC BASE OF SETTLEMENTS

11. Define the following terms

a. basic industry

b. nonbasic industry

12. What is the economic base of a community?

13. Explain how basic industry creates new types of jobs.

14. Complete the following statement:

The concept of basic industries originally referred to _________________. In a postindustrial society increasingly the basic industries are in _________________, _______________________, or _______________________ services.

15. For each type of service, fill in the city/cities that specialize in that service

SERVICE TYPE / SPECIALIZED CITY/CITIES
General business
Computing
High-Tech
Military activity
Management-consulting services
Entertainment and Recreation
Medical services
Types of cities that specialize in public services

16. Why have cities in the north east had to restructure their economic base?

17. What is the principal enticement for talented individuals to cluster in some cities?

18. Where does Salt Lake City rank on the Coolness index?

Name Period

Chapter 12: Key Issue 4

Services and Settlements: Why Do Services Cluster In Settlements?

Rubenstein, pp. 448-455

· SERVICES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS

1. Draw simple diagrams showing the difference between Clustered and Dispersed rural settlements.

Clustered / Dispersed

2. List some Characteristics of clustered Rural Settlements.

3. Describe a circular rural settlement.

4. Describe a Linear rural settlement

5. Why was the French long-lot system used?

6. What were colonial American clustered settlements centered on?

7. Why did colonists favor clustered settlements?

8. How are today’s New England rural settlements different than colonial times?

9. How did the origin of settlers to the Middle Atlantic colonies influence the dispersed style of settlements in the American Mid-west?

10. Define enclosure movement. Explain how it transformed the British rural landscape.

11. Settlements probably originated to provide consumer and public services. Summarize the early services:

Early Consumer Services
Early Public Services
Early Business Services

· URBANIZATION

12. Define city-state:

13. Which ancient city-state encouraged urban settlement?

14. The largest medieval European urban settlements served as what?

15. Define urbanization:

16. How are MDCs and LDC different when it comes to urbanization?

a. Where is the exception?

18. Where are the majority of very large urban areas? Why?

19. Why is urbanization increasing rapidly in LDCs?

20. Fill in the following chart with the differences in rural and urban residents according to Louis Wirth.

Large Size / High Density / Social Heterogeneity
Rural / Urban / Rural / Urban / Rural / Urban