1. What Is the Protective Membrane Covering of the Heart Called? Pericardium

Exam 3 Review

Medical Terminology

Circulatory System

1.  What is the protective membrane covering of the heart called? Pericardium

2.  Which chambers of the heart receive blood from the veins? Atria

3.  What chambers of the heart are known as pumping chambers? Ventricles

4.  What is the name of the blood vessel that brings venous blood from the head, neck, and arms to the right atrium? Superior Vena Cava

5.  What is the name of the blood vessel that brings venous blood from the abdomen and legs into the right atrium? Inferior Vena Cava

6.  What is the name of the blood vessels that take deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? Pulmonary Arteries

7.  What is the name of the blood vessels that take oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium? Pulmonary Veins

8.  The largest artery in the body is the Aorta.

9.  The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is known as the Tricuspid Valve.

10.  The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is known as the Bicuspid Valve (Mitral valve).

11.  The valves between the ventricles and blood vessels are known as the Semilunar valves.

12.  Complete flow of blood through the heart. BODYàSuperior/Inferior Vena Cava àRight atriumàtricuspid valveàRight Ventricleàpulmonary semilunar valveàpulmonary arteriesàlungs. LungsàPulmonary veinsàLeft atriumàBiscuspid/Mitral valveàLeft ventricleàaortic semilunar valveàaortaàBODY

13.  What is the pacemaker of the heart? SA node (sinoatrial node)

14.  List and describe the heart’s cardiac conduction system.

a.  SA node sends impulse to right atrium

b.  AV node sends impulse to ventricles

c.  Bundle of His in the septum

d.  Purkinje fibers are in the heart wall to distribute nerve impulses

15.  What is systole? Maximum pressure formed during ventricular compression

16.  What is diastole? Minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation (atrial contraction)

17.  If the patient has an elevated blood pressure we say they have hypertension (HTN) .

18.  What is the stroke volume? Volume of blood (mL) pumped out of the heart with each beat

19.  What is cardiac output? Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

20.  What vessel carries blood away from the heart? arteries

21.  What vessel carries blood to the heart? veins

22.  What vessel is responsible for gas and nutrient exchange within each of the body’s cells? capillaries

23.  Describe each of the following vessels:

  1. Arteries: carry blood away from the heart. Usually carry oxygenated blood.
  2. Veins: Carry blood toward the heart. Usually carry deoxygenated blood. Has valves that keep blood flowing in one direction.
  3. Capillaries: Tiny, microscopic vesselsthat transport and diffuse essential materials to and from the body’s cells and the blood

24.  What is a pulse? Pressure of blood pushing against the wall of the arteries as the heart beats during systole.

25.  Identify the location of the following pulse points:

  1. What pulse is felt on the upper surface of the foot? Pedal pulse
  2. What pulse is felt in the antecubital space? Brachial
  3. What pulse is felt in the groin? Femoral
  4. What pulse is found in the neck? Carotid
  5. What pulse is found on the wrist side of the arm? Radial

26.  Answer the following questions about blood pressure.

  1. What is the first measurement of blood pressure? Systole
  2. What does it measure? Pressure as ventricle contract
  3. What is the second measurement of blood pressure? Diastole
  4. What does it measure? Pressure remaining in the artery as the ventricles rest

Lymphatic/Immune System

27.  Know the functions of the Lymphatic System

a.  The drainage system to transport needed proteins and fluids that have leaked out of the blood capillaries back into the bloodstream via the veins

b.  Absorbs lipids (fats) from the small intestine and transports them to the bloodstream

c.  Defends the body against foreign organisms such as bacteria and viruses

d.  Lymphocytes and monocytes (originating in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland) protect the body by producing antibodies and mounting a cellular attack on foreign cells and organisms

28.  Define the following:

a.  Acquired Immunity: Production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

  1. Adenoids: A mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
  2. Immunity: The body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins. This includes natural immunity and acquired immunity
  3. Immunoglobulins: Antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

e.  Immunotherapy: Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

  1. Interstitial fluid: Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
  2. Lymph: A thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin lympha means clear spring water
  3. Lymph capillaries: The tiniest lymphatic vessels
  4. Lymphoid organs: Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
  5. Lymph node: A collection of stationary, solid lymphatic tissue along the lymph vessels

k.  Lymph vessel: Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

  1. Macrophage: A large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
  2. Natural immunity: Protection that an individual inherits to fight infection
  3. Spleen: An organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
  4. Thymus gland: Organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
  5. Tonsils: A mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

q.  Vaccination: Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection. The term comes from the Latin vacca, cow– the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox

r.  Vaccine: Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

immun/o: Protection

lymph/o: Lymph

lymphaden/o: Lymph node (gland)

splen/o: Spleen

thym/o: Thymus gland

tox/o: Poison

ana- Again, anew

inter- Between

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