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Draft of Chemistry STEMscopes/Chemistry Curriculum for January 2015-May 2015 Timeline not established yet. Approximately 5-7 days per STEMscope Catherine Underwood 2014-2015 Chemistry STEMscopes Atomic Structure and Bonding (save for a review) Periodic Table and Trends (PRINTED) (save for a review)…can do Math Connection 1. Intermolecular Forces 2. (Modeling Conservation of Energy) 3. (Modeling Conservation of Matter) 4. Reaction Rates 5. Chemical Equilibrium 6. (Conservation of Matter) 7. Influences of Molecular Structure 8. Energy Transfer in Thermal Processes 9. Energy Applications ( ) = physics and chemistry content NGSS PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS Standard STEMscope HS-PS1: Matter and Its Interactions HS-PS1-1: Use the periodic table as a model to predict the Atomic Structure and Bonding relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms. Periodic Table and Trends HS-PS1-2: Construct and revise an explanation for the Periodic Table and Trends outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. HS-PS1-3: Plan and conduct an investigation to gather Intermolecular Forces evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles. HS-PS1-4: Develop a model to illustrate that the release or Modeling Conservation of Energy absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy. Reaction Rates HS-PS1-5: Apply scientific principles and evidence to Reaction Rates provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs. HS-PS1-6: Refine the design of a chemical system by Chemical Equilibrium specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium. HS-PS1-7: Use mathematical representation to support Conservation of Matter the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction. HS-PS1-8: Develop models to illustrate the changes in the Fission, Fusion, and Radioactive Decay composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay. HS-PS2: Motion and Stability (Physics) HS-PS3: Energy HS-PS3-1: Create a computational model to calculate the Defining Energy change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known. Conservation of Energy Energy Transfer in Thermal Processes HS-PS3-2: Develop and use models to illustrate that Defining Energy energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects). Macro- and Microscopic Views of Energy HS-PS3-3: Design, build, and refine a device that works Macro- and Microscopic Views of Energy within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy. Energy Applications HS-PS3-4: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide Macro- and Microscopic Views of Energy evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics). Energy Transfer in Thermal Processes Energy Applications HS-PS3-5 (Physics) DISCIPLINARY CORE IDEAS HS-PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter HS-PS1.A.1: Structure and Properties of Matter: Each Atomic Structure and Bonding atom has a charged substructure consisting of a nucleus, which is made of protons, neutrons, surrounded by electrons. HS-PS1.A.2: Structure and Properties of Matter: The Periodic Table and Trends periodic table orders elements horizontally by the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus and places those with similar chemical properties in columns. The repeating patterns of this table reflect patterns of outer electron states. HS-PS1.A.3: Structure and Properties of Matter: The Intermolecular Forces structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms. HS-PS1.A.4: Structure and Properties of Matter: A stable Modeling Conservation of Energy molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy in order to take the molecule apart. HS-PS1.B: Chemical Reactions HS-PS1.B.1: Chemical Reactions: Chemical processes, their Reaction Rates rates, and whether or not energy is stored or released can be understood in terms of the collisions of molecules and the rearrangements of atoms into new molecules, with consequent changes in the sum of all bond energies in the set of molecules that are matched by changes in kinetic energy. HS-PS1.B.2: Chemical Reactions: In many situations, a Chemical Equilibrium dynamic and condition-dependent balance between a reaction and the reverse reaction determines the numbers of all types of molecules present. HS-PS1.B.3: Chemical Reactions: The fact that atoms are n/a (none?) conserved, together with knowledge of the chemical properties of the elements involved, can be used to describe and predict chemical reactions. HS-PS1.C: Nuclear Processes HS-PS1.C.1: Nuclear Processes: Nuclear processes, Fission, Fusion, and Radioactive Decay including fusion, fission, and radioactive decays of unstable nuclei, involve release or absorption of energy. The total number of neutrons plus protons does not change in any nuclear process. HS-PS1.C (secondary to HS-ESS1-5) (secondary to HS-ESS1- Earth’s Early History 6): Nuclear Processes: Spontaneous radioactive decays follow a characteristic exponential decay law. Nuclear lifetimes allow radiometric dating to be used to determine the ages of rocks and other materials. HS-PS3: Energy HS-PS3.A: Definitions of Energy HS-PS3.A.1: Definitions of Energy: Energy is a quantitative Defining Energy property of a system that depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system. That there is a single quantity called energy is due to the fact that a system’s total energy is conserved, even as, within the system, energy is continually transferred from one object to another and between its various possible forms. HS-PS3.A.2: Definitions of Energy: At the macroscopic Macro- and Microscopic Views of Energy scale, energy manifests itself in multiple ways, such as in motion, sound, light, and thermal energy. HS-PS3.A.3: Definitions of Energy: These relationships are Macro- and Microscopic Views of Energy better understood at the microscopic scale, at which all of the different manifestations of energy can be modeled as a combination of energy associated with the motion of particles and energy associated with the configuration (relative position of the particles). In some cases the relative position energy can be thought of as stored in fields (which mediate interactions between particles). This last concept includes radiation, a phenomenon in which energy stored in fields moves across space. HS-PS3.B: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer HS-PS3.B.1: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer: Conservation of Energy Conservation of energy means that the total change of energy in any system is always equal to the total energy transferred into or out of the system. HS-PS3.B.2: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer: Energy Transfer in Thermal Processes Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transported from one place to another and transferred between systems. HS-PS3.B.3: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer: Conservation of Energy Mathematical expressions, which quantify how the stored energy in a system depends on its configuration (e.g. relative positions of charged particles, compression of a spring) and how kinetic energy depends on mass and speed, allowing the concept of conservation of energy to be used to predict and describe system behavior. HS-PS3.B4: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer: Conservation of Energy The availability of energy limits what can occur in any system. HS-PS3.B.5: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer: Energy Transfer in Thermal Processes Uncontrolled systems always evolve toward more stable states— that is, toward more uniform energy distribution (e.g., water flows downhill, objects hotter than their surrounding environment cool down). HS-PS3.C: Relationship Between Energy and Forces HS-PS3.C.1: Relationship Between Energy and Forces: Elecgtromagnetic Interactions When two objects interacting through a field change relative position, the energy stored in the field is changed. HS-PS3.D: Energy in Chemical Processes HS-PS3.D.1: Energy in Chemical Processes: Although Energy Applications energy cannot be destroyed, it can be converted to less useful forms—for example, to thermal energy in the surrounding environment. HS-PS3.D (secondary to HS-PS4-5): Energy in Chemical Wave Interactions and Technology Processes: Solar cells are human-made devices that likewise capture the sun's energy and produce electrical energy. HS-PS3.D (secondary to HS-LS2-5): Energy in Chemical The Carbon Cycle Processes: The main way that solar energy is captured and stored on Earth is through the complex chemical process known as photosynthesis. HS-PS3.D (secondary to HS-ESS1-1): Energy in Chemical
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