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Innovation education reloaded Edited by Anne-Laure Mention Arie P. Nagel Joachim Hafkesbrink Justyna Dąbrowska the open innovation handbook Anne-Laure Mention, Arie P. Nagel, Joachim Hafkesbrink, Justyna Dąbrowska INNOVATION EDUCATION RELOADED: NURTURING SKILLS FOR THE FUTURE The Open Innovation Handbook Lappeenranta, Finland 2016 LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications Designed by Valeriia Matvienko ISBN # 978-952-335-032-8 ISBN #978-952-335-033-5 (PDF) www.oi-net.eu This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Programme: ERASMUS, Reference number: 542203-LLP-1-2013-1-FI-ERASMUS-ENW This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - Non-commercial - Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence, available at www.creativecommons.org. You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, and to remix - to adapt the work, under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute this work to the author, but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Non-commercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share alike. If you alter, transform or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar licence to this one. • For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the licence terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page www.oi-net.eu. • Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Cover and interior design by Valeriia Matvienko LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications Reports and studies – Reports, ISSN-L 2243-3384, ISSN 2243-3384 Number in series: 66 ISBN numbers: 978-952-335-032-8 978-952-335-033-5 (PDF) Lappeenranta University of Technology 2016 2 Foreword You are cordially welcome, whether you are an established or potential new member of the open innovation fun club! You are reading a gem of the OI-Net project, a joint effort between numerous partner institutions and individual experts for the creation of a European curriculum on Open Innovation. Since 2003, when Prof. Henry Chesbrough published the book on Open Innovation, we have been; discussing the benefits and potential limitations in academia; delivering important messages to both large companies and SMEs by consultants, and raising interest of governments and public organizations. However, academia has not been developing much on creating a curriculum on open innovation. This book is a potential solution to create a comprehensive one. Ingredients for this book were cooked in Lappeenranta in 2012, when a team of open innovation fans initiated a European project on the topic. It has been a long five year journey, but for sure worth taking. Based on the experiences of an extensive network of experts on teaching and consulting innovation management, opinions from both academics and companies and intensive collaboration among project partners, this book provides answers to why and how open innovation matters, with an introduction of envisioning the future. This was mainly a European approach, but we believe it is also beneficial to non-Europeans to read. Why! Because if you are not open, you are closed! It was said properly (on binary mode one or zero) in one of the 80s blockbuster movies by an investment banker: “if you are not inside, you are outside”. The same applies here. I sincerely thank all those who were involved in the OI-Net project, authors and especially editors of this book; Anne-Laure Mention, Arie P. Nagel, Joachim Hafkesbrink and Justyna Dabrowska! You made an excellent and innovative work. December 2016, Kouvola, Finland Open Innovately Yours, Marko Torkkeli Professor, OI-Net project coordinator Lappeenranta University of Technology (project lead partner) 3 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 8 PART 1. ENVISIONING THE FUTURE OF INNOVATION EDUCATION: MAKING OPEN INNOVATION MAINSTREAM 26 INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS: HOW NEW INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM LOGICS TRANSFORMED OPEN INNOVATION AT SWAROVSKI 32 PART 2. WALKING THE TALK: A EUROPEAN INITIATIVE TO SPUR OPEN INNOVATION EDUCATION 38 INDUSTRIAL NEEDS FOR OPEN INNOVATION EDUCATION 42 HOW IS OPEN INNOVATION ADDRESSED IN UNIVERSITIES TODAY? AN OVERVIEW ON EXISTING CURRICULA IN EUROPE 61 MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH – LEARNING OUTCOMES 69 OPEN INNOVATION CURRICULA: KEY INDICATORS AND SUCCESS FACTORS 79 TEACHING SKILLS FOR OPEN INNOVATION 89 QUICK TIPS FOR THE PROMOTION OF OPEN INNOVATION AMONG HEI PROGRAMMES 106 PART 3. TOMORROW’S TEACHING: AN ESSENTIAL GUIDE 108 3.1. SETTING THE SCENE: DEFINING OPEN INNOVATION INTRODUCTION TO THE OPEN INNOVATION PARADIGM 113 OPEN INNOVATION PROCESS 163 3.2. FRAMING OPEN INNOVATION IN A BROADER THEORETICAL LANDSCAPE OPEN INNOVATION AND STRATEGY, STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AS AN EXAMPLE 205 NETWORK EXTERNALITIES AND OPEN INNOVATION 218 USER-LED INNOVATION 235 THE LAW AND MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN OPEN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS 245 3.3. INSTANTIATING OPEN INNOVATION: FROM INDIVIDUAL TO SOCIETY LEVEL OPEN INNOVATION AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL 268 OPEN INNOVATION IN SMEs 282 QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN OPEN INNOVATION PARADIGM CONTEXT 302 OUTSOURCING DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT 326 OPEN INNOVATION IN SUPPLY CHAINS; OPEN SUPPLY CHAINS 340 SPECIFIC EXAMPLES ON FOSTERING OPEN INNOVATION AT THE INDUSTRY LEVEL: UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION 372 OPEN INNOVATION WITHIN INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS 382 OPEN INNOVATION WITHIN GEOGRAPHICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS 395 PUBLIC POLICY COMPONENTS RELATED TO OPEN INNOVATION 406 3.4. IMPLEMENTING OPEN INNOVATION: TOOLS, METHODS & PROCESSES OPEN INNOVATION AND BUSINESS MODELS 416 OPEN INNOVATION IN THE FUZZY FRONT END OF THE INNOVATION PROCESS 428 5 FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF OPEN INNOVATION 456 APPLICATION OF CREATIVE THINKING TECHNIQUES FOR FACILITATION OF COOPERATION IN INNOVATIVE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 472 TEACHING OPEN INNOVATION USING A GAME: SOME LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 493 3.5. SKETCHING THE NEW FRONTIERS OF OPEN INNOVATION CIVIC OPEN INNOVATION 514 OPEN INNOVATION IN WECONOMY 525 6 INNOVATION EDUCATION LOADING LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Editors Anne-Laure Mention Anne-Laure Mention is the Director of the Global Business Innovation Enabling Capability Platform at RMIT, Melbourne, Australia. She is also a Professor at the School of Management at RMIT, Melbourne; a visiting professor at Université de Liège, Belgium and the Deputy Head of the Centre d’Evaluation de la Performance des Entreprises and a visiting professor at Tampere University of Technology, Finland. She previously held a Head of Research Unit and an Expertise position at the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology and Public Research Centre Henri Tudor respectively. She holds several other visiting positions in Europe and Asia. Anne- Laure is one of the founding editors of the Journal of Innovation Management, and the Deputy Head of the ISPIM Advisory Board. She is the co-editor of a book series on Open Innovation, published by World Scientific/Imperial College Press. Her research interests revolve around open and collaborative innovation, innovation in business to business services, with a particular focus on financial industry and fintech, technology management, and business venturing. She has been awarded twice the prestigious IBM Faculty Award for her research on innovation. Arie Nagel Arie Nagel was a professor, teaching at various Master courses at the Eindhoven University of Technology and at MBA’s in the Netherlands and Ljubljana, Slovenia. His thesis on Increasing the Strategic Innovation Capability of a Firm (1992) was nominated for the first Igor Ansoff award. He specialised in Technology Management, Strategic Management, Strategic Product Innovation, Organisation Science, International Management and Strategic Alliances. Today he is a Management Consultant, based in Eindhoven, Netherlands. He also is volunteering for development aid and assists various medium sized organisations abroad in sorting out strategic and organisational issues. He was president of ISPIM from 1993-1997. He published and contributed to various books and numerous articles. Among others he was a co-author of the book: Bringing Technology and Innovation into the Boardroom (Palgrave 2003). His passion is astrophotography. 8 List Of Contributors Joachim Hafkesbrink Joachim Hafkesbrink, full Professor of Economics, Management and Organization at FOM - Hochschule für Organisation and Management, Bochum (Germany) and Executive Board Member of RIAS – Rhein-Ruhr Institute for Applied Systeminnovation e.V. He has over 30 years of experience as an innovation management researcher and consultant. In 1986 he obtained a PhD in economics and social sciences with a specialisation in innovation theory and management from the University of Duisburg-Essen. His track record in innovation management projects, innovation and evaluation studies and consultancy for ministries and professional associations in Germany embraces a variety of industrial sectors and technology areas such as the printing and publishing industry, the machinery building sector, the chemical industry and social services. He is author of more than 120 articles and books on innovation related subjects. Justyna Dąbrowska Justyna Dąbrowska is a Project Manager at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Kouvola Unit, Finland and a PhD Candidate at the LUT School of Business
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