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Alfred Nobel
www.bibalex.org/bioalex2004conf The BioVisionAlexandria 2004 Conference Newsletter November 2003 Volume 1, Issue 2 BioVisionAlexandria ALFRED NOBEL 2004 aims to celebrate the The inventor, the industrialist outstanding scientists and scholars, in a he Nobel Prize is one of the highest distinctions recognized, granting its winner century dominated by instant fame. However, many do not know the interesting history and background technological and T that led to this award. scientific revolutions, through its It all began with a chemist, known as Alfred Nobel, born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1833. Nobel Day on 3 April Alfred Nobel moved to Russia when he was eight, where his father, Immanuel Nobel, 2004! started a successful mechanical workshop. He provided equipment for the Russian Army and designed naval mines, which effectively prevented the British Royal Navy from moving within firing range of St. Petersburg during the Crimean War. Immanuel Nobel was also a pioneer in the manufacture of arms, and in designing steam engines. INSIDE Scientific awards .........3 Immanuel’s success enabled him to Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, the Italian Confirmed laureates ....4 Lady laureates ............7 provide his four sons with an excellent chemist who had invented Nitroglycerine education in natural sciences, languages three years earlier. Nitroglycerine, a and literature. Alfred, at an early age, highly explosive liquid, was produced by acquired extensive literary knowledge, mixing glycerine with sulfuric and nitric mastering many foreign languages. His acid. It was an invention that triggered a Nobel Day is interest in science, especially chemistry, fascination in the young scientist for many dedicated to many of was also apparent. -
Dtra-Appeal.Pdf
FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS T: 202/546-3300 1717 K Street NW #209 Washington, DC 20036 www.fas.org F: 202/675-1010 [email protected] Board of Sponsors (Partial List) *Sidney Altman December 12, 2003 *Philip W. Anderson *Kenneth J. Arrow (202)454-4691 *Julius Axelrod MG Trudy H. Clark, Deputy Director *David Baltimore *Baruj Benacerraf Defense Threat Reduction Agency *Hans A. Bethe *J. Michael Bishop 8725 John J. Kingman Road *Nicolaas Bloembergen *Norman Borlaug Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-6201 *Paul Boyer Ann Pitts Carter *Owen Chamberlain Morris Cohen RE: FOIA Appeal, Case No. 03-125 *Stanley Cohen Mildred Cohn *Leon N. Cooper *E. J. Corey *James Cronin Dear General Clark: *Johann Deisenhofer Ann Druyan *Renato Dulbecco John T. Edsall This is an appeal of the initial denial of my request under the Freedom of Paul R. Ehrlich George Field Information Act (FOIA) for a copy of an unclassified DTRA-funded report *Val L. Fitch *Jerome I. Friedman entitled "Lessons from the Anthrax Attacks: Implications for U.S. Bioterrorism John Kenneth Galbraith Preparedness," April 2002. A copy of the December 12, 2003 DTRA denial *Walter Gilbert *Donald Glaser letter is enclosed. *Sheldon L. Glashow Marvin L. Goldberger *Joseph L. Goldstein *Roger C. L. Guillemin I request that you reverse the initial decision and release the requested *Herbert A. Hauptman *Dudley R. Herschbach report, on the following grounds: *Roald Hoffmann John P. Holdren *David H. Hubel *Jerome Karle 1. The cited FOIA exemption 2 (High) is not applicable. In other words, it is *H. Gobind Khorana not true that the requested document, if disclosed, might be used to *Arthur Kornberg *Edwin G. -
Changing the Face of Medicine Site Support Notebook—Contents Page
Changing the Face of Medicine Site Support Notebook—Contents Page (Note: The Site Support Notebook is also available at http://www.ala.org/publicprograms/changingthefaceofmedicine Click on “Site Support Notebook” ) Instructions for assembling exhibition units and replacing panels, and detailed instructions for operating the interactive kiosks will be distributed separately for later insertion into this notebook. Front notebook pocket: Information on The National Library of Medicine Front manila insert: Workshop agenda (front) ; coordinator contact list (back) Back notebook pocket: ALA Public Programs brochure; Cultural Programs survey; application forms for ALA Jewish literature reading and discussion program Section 1 (blue tab)----General Section 3 (green)-Programming Troubleshooting 1 Exhibition support materials 24 Exhibition itinerary 2 Exhibition themes 25 Electronic discussion list Programming ideas 26 for exhibit coordinators 4 Grants for programming 28 Security and insurance 5 Telling legislators 5 Section 4 (yellow)----Resources Americans with Disabilities Act 6 Books and videos 29 Web sites 30 Section 2 (clear)------ Publicity Films 31 (This section is also on CD and online) Exhibition text 32 Official exhibition credits 7 Publicity approval 8 Section 5 (red) --------Logistics Permitted publicity images 8 Exhibit shipping and receiving 54 PR image captions & credits 9 Exhibition/kiosk Guidelines for image use 10 condition report form 55 PR to announce library selection 11 Final report form 60 Calendar listing/media alert 13 -
Know About These Women Scientists?
Know About These Women Scientists? SHOILI PAL 1. How many women have 7. Jane Goodall is the got the Nobel Prize till world’s leading Knowledge date? expert on which a) 24 animal? b) 3 4 a) Crabs c) 44 b) Chimpanzees d) 54 c) Storks d) Ants 2. In what branch of science did Nobel Laureate Barbara McClintock work? a) Astrophysics b) Genetics 8. Who is considered to be Test Your Test c) Inorganic Chemistry d) Neurology the world’s first computer programmer? 3. Caroline a) George Stibitz Herschel b) Grace Hopper was the c) Charles Babbage first woman d) Augusta Ada King to find which heavenly object? 9. Who developed the first a) A planet compiler for a computer b) A satellite programming language, c) A galaxy instrumental for d) A comet developing COBOL? a) Grace Hopper b) Charles Babbage c) Augusta Ada King d) George Stibitz 4. Who was the first woman in space? a) Kathryn D. Sullivan 10. Ada Yonath is known for her b) Svetlana Savitskaya work on which of the c) Sally Ride following? d) Valentina Tereshkova a) Ribosomes b) Telescopes c) Semiconductors 5. Who was the first civilian d) Animal Conservation in space? a) Judith Resnik b) Valentina Tereshkova c) Yuri Gagarin 11.Which of the d) Neil Armstrong following children’s authors was also an expert on fungi? 6. Who was the first woman a) Beatrix Potter to be granted a patent by b) J.K. Rowling the USPTA? c) Holly Black a) Ellen Ochoa d) Enid Blyton b) Grace Hopper c) Mary Kies d) Sarah Boone SCIENCE REPORTER, JANUARY 2012 24 Point Counterpoint 17. -
Mi Científica Favorita 2
MI CIENTÍFICA FAVORITA 2 GOBIERNO MINISTERIO GOBIERNO MINISTERIO GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE ESPAÑA DE CIENCIA, INNOVACIÓN DE ESPAÑA DE CIENCIA, INNOVACIÓN DE ESPAÑA DE CIENCIA, INNOVACIÓN Y UNIVERSIDADES Y UNIVERSIDADES Y UNIVERSIDADES MI CIENTÍFICA FAVORITA 2 FAVORITA MI CIENTÍFICA MI CIENTÍFICA FAVORITA 2 MI CIENTÍFICA FAVORITA 2 Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas (CSIC, UAM, UC3M, UCM) GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE ESPAÑA DE CIENCIA, INNOVACIÓN Y UNIVERSIDADES Índice 07 Presentación 08 Agnodice 10 María Sibylla Merian 12 Emilie du Châtelet 14 Mary Anning 16 Sofia Kovalevskaya 20 Hertha Ayrton 22 Nettie Stevens 24 Henrietta Swan Leavitt 26 Mileva Maric´ 28 Lise Meitner 34 Emmy Noether 36 Inge Lehmann 38 Janaki Ammal 40 Grace Hopper 42 Rachel Carson 44 Rita Levi-Montalcini 46 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 50 Chien-Shiung Wu 52 Ángeles Alvariño 54 Jane Cooke Wright 56 Stephanie Kwolek 58 Inmaculada Paz Andrade 60 Gabriela Morreale 64 Valentina Tereshkova 66 Lynn Margulis 70 María del Carmen Maroto Vela 72 Wangari Maathai Matemáticas 74 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi Física 76 Ingrid Daubechies Química Biología 80 Ameenah Gurib-Fakim Ciencias de la Tierra 82 Lisa Randall Medicina 84 Begoña Vila Ingeniería e informática 86 Sara Zahedi Nota: 89 Glosario de términos Ciertas fechas se desconocen, por ello no aparecen indicadas en las líneas de tiempo. 92 Fuentes INTRODUCCIÓN Las mujeres han contribuido al desarrollo de la ciencia a lo largo de toda la historia aunque, en muchas ocasiones, su trabajo no ha sido reconocido como se merecía. En este libro presentamos la vida y obra de algunas de ellas, es- cogidas por estudiantes de 5º y 6º de primaria de centros educativos de toda España como sus científicas favoritas. -
Crucible of Science: the Story of the Cori Laboratory
Crucible of Science This page intentionally left blank Crucible of Science THE STORY OF THE CORI LABORATORY JOHN H. EXTON 3 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitt ed, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitt ed by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on fi le at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–986107–1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Dedicated to Charles Rawlinson (Rollo) Park This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix I n t r o d u c t i o n xi 1. -
Selma Lagerlof Mårbacka , 1858 - 1940 )
1903 Marie Curie (Polonia, 1867- Francia 1934), FISICA/FISIKA 1905 Bertha von Suttner (Praga, j Viena, j1914 ), PAZ/PAKEA 1909 Selma Lagerlof Mårbacka , 1858 - 1940 ), LITERATURA Marie Curie (Polonia, 1867- Francia , 1934), KIMIKA/QUIMICA 1911 1926 Grazia Deledda (Cerdeña, 1871 - Roma, 1936) LITERATURA Sigrid Undset (Dinamarca , 1882 -Lillehammer , 1949 ) LITERATURA 1928 Jane Addams (Illinois, 1860—Chicago, 1935) PAKEA/PAZ 1935 Irène Joliot-Curie (Francia, 1897/ 1956), KIMIKA/QUÍMICA Pearl S. Buck (West Virginia , 1892 Vermont , 1973 ) LITERATURA 1945 Gabriela Mistral (Chile, 1889 - Estados Unidos, 1957) LITERATURA 1946 Emily Greene Balch (Estados Unidos 1867 - 1961 ) PAZ/PAKEA 1947 Gerty Cori (Estados Unidos 1896 – 21957 ) MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA 1963 María Goeppert-Mayer Katowice, 1906 - California, 1972), FISICA /FISIKA Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1964 (Inglaterra, 1910 - 1994) QUIMICA/KIMIKA 1966. Nelly Sachs Alemania , 1891 - Suecia ,1970 ) LITERATURA 1976 Betty Williams ( Belfast , Irlanda del Norte 1943 ) PAKEA/PAZ 1976 Mairead Maguire (Belfast , Irlanda del Norte , 1944 ) PAZ/PAKEA Rosalyn Yalow (EE. UU 1921 - 2011) MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA 1977 Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu 1979 (Teresa de Calcuta) (Macedonia, 1910- India, 1997) PAZ/PAKEA 1982 Alva Myrdal Relmer (1902 – 1986 ) PAZ/PAKEA Barbara McClintock 1983 (Estados Unidos, 1902- 1992) MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA 1986 Rita Levi-Montalcini (Italia, 1909- 1986). MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA Gertrude B. Elion 1988 (Estados Unidos, 1918 - 1999), MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA Aung San Suu Kyi 1991 (Burma, 1945) PAZ/PAKEA 1991 -
Earl W. Sutherland Lecture Earl W
EARL W. SUTHERLAND LECTURE EARL W. SUTHERLAND LECTURE The Earl W. Sutherland Lecture Series was established by the SPONSORED BY: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics in 1997 DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS to honor Dr. Sutherland, a former member of this department and winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This series highlights important advances in cell signaling. MICHAEL S. BROWN, M.D NOBEL LAUREATE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE 1985 SPEAKERS IN THIS SERIES HAVE INCLUDED: SCAP: ANATOMY OF A MEMBRANE STEROL SENSOR Edmond H. Fischer (1997) Alfred G. Gilman (1999) Ferid Murad (2001) Louis J. Ignarro (2003) APRIL 25, 2013 Paul Greengard (2007) 4:00 P.M. 208 LIGHT HALL Eric Kandel (2009) Roger Tsien (2011) FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics 738 Ann and Roscoe Robinson Medical Research Building Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232-0615 Tel 615.322.7001 [email protected] EARL W. SUTHERLAND, 1915-1974 MICHAEL S. BROWN, M.D. REGENTAL PROFESSOR Earl W. Sutherland grew up in Burlingame, Kansas, a small farming community that nourished his love for the outdoors and fishing, which he retained throughout DIRECTOR OF THE JONSSON CENTER FOR MOLECULAR GENETICS UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS his life. He graduated from Washburn College in 1937 and then received his M.D. SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER AT DALLAS from Washington University School of Medicine in 1942. After serving as a medi- NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE, 1985 cal officer during World War II, he returned to Washington University to train with MEMBER, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Carl and Gerty Cori. -
Jewish Scientists, Jewish Ethics and the Making of the Atomic Bomb
8 Jewish Scientists, Jewish Ethics and the Making of the Atomic Bomb MERON MEDZINI n his book The Jews and the Japanese: The Successful Outsiders, Ben-Ami IShillony devoted a chapter to the Jewish scientists who played a central role in the development of nuclear physics and later in the construction and testing of the fi rst atomic bomb. He correctly traced the well-known facts that among the leading nuclear physics scientists, there was an inordinately large number of Jews (Shillony 1992: 190–3). Many of them were German, Hungarian, Polish, Austrian and even Italian Jews. Due to the rise of virulent anti-Semitism in Germany, especially after the Nazi takeover of that country in 1933, most of the German-Jewish scientists found themselves unemployed, with no laboratory facilities or even citi- zenship, and had to seek refuge in other European countries. Eventually, many of them settled in the United States. A similar fate awaited Jewish scientists in other central European countries that came under German occupation, such as Austria, or German infl uence as in the case of Hungary. Within a short time, many of these scientists who found refuge in America were highly instrumental in the exceedingly elabo- rate and complex research and work that eventually culminated in the construction of the atomic bomb at various research centres and, since 1943, at the Los Alamos site. In this facility there were a large number of Jews occupying the highest positions. Of the heads of sections in charge of the Manhattan Project, at least eight were Jewish, led by the man in charge of the operation, J. -
History of Physics Newsletter Volume VII, No. 3, Aug. 1998 Forum Chair
History of Physics Newsletter Volume VII, No. 3, Aug. 1998 Forum Chair From the Editor Forum News APS & AIP News Book Review Reports Forum Chair Urges APS Centennial Participation The American Physical Society celebrates its 100th anniversary in Atlanta, Georgia, at an expanded six-day meeting from March 20-26, 1999, which will be jointly sponsored by the American Association of Physics Teachers. This will be the largest meeting of physicists ever held, and the APS Forum on the History of Physics will play a central role in making it a truly memorable event. The 20th century has been the Century of Physics. The startling discoveries of X-rays, radioactivity, and the electron at the end of the 19th century opened up vast new territories for exploration and analysis. Quantum theory and relativity theory, whose consequences are far from exhausted today, formed the bedrock for subsequent developments in atomic and molecular physics, nuclear and particle physics, solid state physics, and all other domains of physics, which shaped the world in which we live in times of both peace and war. A large historical wall chart exhibiting these developments, to which members of the Forum contributed their expertise, will be on display in Atlanta. Also on display will be the well-known Einstein exhibit prepared some years ago by the American Institute of Physics Center for History of Physics. Two program sessions arranged by the Forum at the Atlanta Centennial Meeting also will explore these historic 20th-century developments. The first, chaired by Ruth H. Howes (Ball State University), will consist of the following speakers and topics: John D. -
Women in Chemistry
Women in Chemistry Her Lab in Your Life: Women in Chemistry is a new this message, the exhibit team concentrated on three exhibition that takes a fresh look at everyday life, related themes: women chemists have improved our revealing how chemical science and engineering help understanding of the physical world, they have shape it. Designed by the Chemical Heritage helped shape the material circumstances and popular Foundation (CHF)—a U.S.-based foundation—this culture of our everyday lives, and they have broken exhibition showcases women chemists who have new ground in the chemical professions and served as helped create our modern world and their historic role models for young women. contributions to science and technology. From the action of atoms to the substance of stars, these Choosing the Women and Their women have given us new visions of the material Story world and our place in it. The exhibition—traveling or online—was created especially for high school and Faced with the difficult task of choosing which impor- college students but designed to engage general tant and interesting women chemists to include, the audiences. exhibit team eventually selected 68 and created research files for each one. Such a large number is clear proof that the achievements of women chemists Her Lab in Your Life* are not isolated blips on a professional map. Many by Josh McIlvain who did not make it into the panel of the traveling exhibit have been included on the exhibit’s compan- HF’s newest traveling exhibit, Her Lab in Your ion Web site. Life: Women in Chemistry, focuses on the rich Some of the women highlighted in Her Lab in Your Chistory of women chemists by highlighting Life are still alive and active chemists. -
6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism Despite Enormous Progress in Recent Decades, Women Still Have to Deal with Biases Against Them in the Sciences
6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism Despite enormous progress in recent decades, women still have to deal with biases against them in the sciences. BY JANE J. LEE, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PUBLISHED MAY 19, 2013 In April, National Geographic News published a story about the letter in which scientist Francis Crick described DNA to his 12-year-old son. In 1962, Crick was awarded a Nobel Prize for discovering the structure of DNA, along with fellow scientists James Watson and Maurice Wilkins. Several people posted comments about our story that noted one name was missing from the Nobel roster: Rosalind Franklin, a British biophysicist who also studied DNA. Her data were critical to Crick and Watson's work. But it turns out that Franklin would not have been eligible for the prize—she had passed away four years before Watson, Crick, and Wilkins received the prize, and the Nobel is never awarded posthumously. But even if she had been alive, she may still have been overlooked. Like many women scientists, Franklin was robbed of recognition throughout her career (See her section below for details.) She was not the first woman to have endured indignities in the male- dominated world of science, but Franklin's case is especially egregious, said Ruth Lewin Sime, a retired chemistry professor at Sacramento City College who has written on women in science. Over the centuries, female researchers have had to work as "volunteer" faculty members, seen credit for significant discoveries they've made assigned to male colleagues, and been written out of textbooks.