DOCSLIB.ORG

HHMI BULLETIN | May 2Oo8 President’S Letter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HHMI BULLETIN | May 2Oo8 President’S Letter HHMI BULLETIN M AY ’08 VOL.21 • NO.02 • 6]eO`R6c HHMI BULLETIN U VSa;SRWQOZ7\abWbcbS • eeeVV[W]` U Juan Young / Zoghbi lab Young Juan 23431BA7</A7<5:353<31/CA3@3BBAG<2@=;3/@/@3<3C@= Communication :=571/:µ/CB7A;A>31B@C;¶27A=@23@B6/B23AB@=GA;=B=@ 1==@27</B7=</<21=;;C<71/B7=<A97::A=457@:AE7B67<B63 47@ABG3/@=@A==4:7437<'''6C2/H=5607723<B74732B63 Breakdown 1C:>@7B;CB/B7=<A7<B6353<31/::32;31> /<20GABC2G7<5 B6327A=@23@7<;7136/A:3/@<32B6/BB63;31> >@=B37< 5@33<7A3F>@3AA327<3D3@G;/BC@3<3C@=<7<B630@/7< /<2@35C:/B3AB63/1B7D7BG=4=B63@53<3A7B¸A<=E=<23@ A63A/GAB6/B/23431B7<B6353<3E@3/9AAC166/D=1 <=EH=5607¸A5@=C>6/A27A1=D3@32/@=:34=@;31> /B B63AG</>B711=<<31B7=<03BE33<<3C@=<A´/</@3/=B63@ /CB7A;@3A3/@163@A/@34=1CA7<5=</AE3::A33>/53 "8]\Sa0`WRUS@]OR d]Z 1VSdg1VOaS;O`gZO\R &#$%&' eeeVV[W]`U \ ] ;/97<5;/B61=C<B@SOZe]`ZR[ObV^`]PZS[a[Og[OYSabcRS\baPSbbS`PW]Z]UWaba 7<B67A7AAC3/cbWa[¸a7\dWaWPZS0O``WS`aF7\OQbWdObW]\4WRUSbW\U3\hg[Sa =0A3@D/B7=<A 3;3@57<5AB@/<53@A EVS\^agQVWOb`Wab:S]9O\\S`]PaS`dSRQVWZR`S\W\bVS'!aO\R ^cbbW\UbVS¿Uc`SaW\b]bVSW`^`]^S`a^OQSaO\RbOYW\UbVS[]cbOUOW\ '"aeV]aVO`SRQS`bOW\c\[WabOYOPZSQVO`OQbS`WabWQaVSQ]W\SR OR`]WbZgO\R_cWQYZgEVS\W\bS`TS`SReWbVVSeVW\SRW[^ObWS\bZg bVSbS`[µW\TO\bWZSOcbWa[¶4`][bVSW`SO`ZWSabROgabVSQVWZR`S\¸a 6SRWR\]b`Sa^]\Rb]PSW\UQOZZSR]`b]O\g]bVS`e]`RaORR`SaaSR PSVOdW]`VSaOgaeOaµU]dS`\SR`WUWRZgO\RQ]\aWabS\bZgPgbVS b]VW[6SeOaQ][^ZSbSZgOPa]`PSRW\eVObSdS`VSRWR6S\SdS` ^]eS`TcZRSaW`ST]`OZ]\S\SaaO\RaO[S\Saa¶ a[WZSR6Sa][SbW[SacbbS`SRW\O`bWQcZObSa]c\RaW\O[]\]b]\]ca aW\Ua]\U[O\\S`/b]\SbW[SVSUS\bZgab`]YSRVWa[]bVS`¸aZSUO\R /QQ]`RW\Ub]VWa[]bVS`I6S`PS`bKeOaµOZeOgaaZ]eO\R_cWSb¶4]` b]cQVSRWbeWbVVWaZW^a6SdS`gT`S_cS\bZgP`]cUVbPZ]QYaO\R]bVS` ObW[SVSeOaPSZWSdSRb]PSRSOTPSQOcaSµVSRWR\]b`SUWabS`O\g ]PXSQbab]VWaZW^aBVS`SeOaO\OZ[]ab^V]b]U`O^VWQZWYS\Saa]TVWa QVO\US]TSf^`SaaW]\eVS\a^]YS\b]]`eVS\W\bVS^`SaS\QS]T]bVS` PSVOdW]`Rc`W\UbVSbe]dWaWbaeWbVbVS[OW\SfQS^bW]\bVObOb"gSO`a ^S]^ZS)OZa]VS[ORS\]ObbS[^bb]a^SOY]`b]T]`[e]`Ra¶ VSaV]eSRO^^`SVS\aW]\O\RaV`O\YPOQYeVS\O[ObQVeOaZWUVbSR 6S`PS`beVS\SfO[W\SR]\VWa¿`abdWaWbIOb!gSO`a []\bVa]T eVWZSOb#gSO`aVS`SOQbSRPgXc[^W\Uc^O\RR]e\SQabObWQOZZg OUSKaV]eSRO`S[O`YOPZSW\bSZZWUS\b^VgaW]U\][gO\RU]]R[]b]` 4WdS]T]c`QVWZR`S\VOdSPg\]e`SOQVSROUSaPSbeSS\'O\R Q]]`RW\ObW]\EWbVW\QS`bOW\ZW[WbaVSRWa^ZOgSROab]c\RW\U^c`^]aS gSO`a BVSPOaWQRSaW`ST]`OZ]\S\SaaO\RaO[S\SaaVOa`S[OW\SR 26 TcZ\SaaW\bVS^c`acWb]TaSZTaSZSQbSRU]OZa/[]\UOU`]c^]TPZ]QYa SaaS\bWOZZgc\QVO\USRPcbbVS`SVOaPSS\OdO`gW\URSU`SS]TS[S` VSW\abO\bZg`SQ]U\WhSRbV]aSbVObeS`SUZcSRb]OP]O`RO\RbV]aS US\QST`][a]ZWbcRSO\OQQS^bO\QS]TObZSOaba][S^S]^ZSOaPSW\U Studying X chromosome inactivation in several cultured bVObeS`SRSbOQVOPZS6SQ]cZRPcWZROb]eS`]TPZ]QYaOaaYWZZTcZZg eWbVW\bVSQVWZR¸aa^VS`S]TQ]\aWRS`ObW]\O\ROacT¿QWS\bW\Q`SOaSW\ human embryonic stem cell lines, researchers in Jeannie Lee’s O\ROaVWUVOaO\gQVWZR]TVWaOUS]`SdS\]ZRS`6SQ]cZR\]bPS bVS\c[PS`]TSf^S`WS\QSR^ObbS`\ab]`STcbSbVSSO`ZWS`W[^`SaaW]\]T Harvard lab found that, after one X was inactivated, the cells RWdS`bSRT`][VWaaSZTQV]aS\]QQc^ObW]\a6SeOaO\\]gSRPgO\g Sfb`S[SZW[WbObW]\]TbVSQVWZR¸aWRSObW]\OZQ]\bS\b=\S[WUVb^S`VO^a in some lines stopped producing the molecule responsible W\bS`TS`S\QSaV]dW\UW\b`cRS`aOeOgeWbV]cbSdS`Z]]YW\UObbVS[ ^cbWbbVWaeOg( ]c`QVWZR`S\U`ORcOZZgQ][^`][WaSPgSfbS\RW\U for the silencing. The fi nding raises questions about the ]`aQ`SO[W\UeVS\bVSaV]dW\UVOR\]STTSQb QOcbW]caTSSZS`aW\b]Oe]`ZRW\eVWQVbVSgVOdSPSS\b]bOZab`O\US`a possibility of genes being “reawakened” in embryonic stem 6SeOaaSS\OUOW\Ob"gSO`a%[]\bVaO\ROUOW\Ob#gSO`a T`][bVSPSUW\\W\U cells after normal genetic silencing. []\bVa]TOUS6SabWZZRWR\]ba^SOY0]bVbW[SaVSS\bS`SRbVS ]T¿QSeWbV]cb^OgW\UbVSaZWUVbSabObbS\bW]\b]bVS^S]^ZS^`SaS\b 4`][bVS^O^S`µ/cbWabWQ2Wabc`PO\QSa]T/TTSQbWdS1]\bOQb¶:S] 6SeS\bOTbS`bVSASUcW\T]`[P]O`RO\RW\abO\bZgPcaWSRVW[aSZT 9O\\S`<S`d]ca1VWZR % #'"! Evah Fan Evah Susana S. Silva / Lee lab vol. 21 may ’o8 no. o2 23>/@B;3<BA >@3A723<B¸A:3BB3@ ! A Season of Change 13<B@74C53 " Men Overboard # The Sweet Smell of Exhaust $ A Baroque Biochemist C>4@=<B & Know When to Fold ’Em Freeze-Framing a Fidgety Molecule Baring HIV’s Dependencies >3@A>31B7D3A/<2=>7<7=<A !& Stuart L. Schreiber " Claudia M. Neuhauser " Q&A – How does chemistry affect the average person? 16@=<71:3 AQWS\QS3RcQObW]\ "" Cue the Crickets "$ Strategizing to Diversify Science 7\abWbcbS<Sea "% In Memoriam: Richard G. Darman "% HHMI Offers Boost to Early-Career Scientists :OP0]]Y "& Of Fish and Men "' Fixing Fragile X # A New Clarity /aYOAQWS\bWab # Do only the “long bones” of the arms and legs contain growth plates? And if so, how do all of the body’s bones stop growing at maturity? C^1Z]aS # Hearing Through the Din <]bO0S\S #" News of recent awards and other notable achievements =0A3@D/B7=<A Emerging Strangers 43/BC@3A 14 2o 26 32 Teaching Invisible Barriers Genetic Sources of Renewal Young Biologists Children with the subtlest Balancing Act As scientists learn more New Tricks form of autism suffer social Animals have evolved about how to produce and Long the science where isolation; those with more intricate ways to ensure manipulate stem cells— math mattered less, biology severe disease face a much that gene activity is amid high expectations increasingly demands tougher road. New genetic the same in males and and close scrutiny—no one powerful quantitative skills. clues put the spotlight on the females despite the is ready to choose any one Teaching students the math communication hubs of the inherent imbalance approach over another. they’ll need, though, is brain’s neurons—the synapses. of X chromosomes. more than just 1+1=2. [COVER STORY] VISIT THE BULLETIN ONLINE FOR ADDITIONAL CONTENT AND ADDED FEATURES: www.hhmi.org/bulletin COVER IMAGE: LUKE BEST contributors /TO\]TRSaS`bae`WbS`;7B16:3A:73a][SV]eS\RSRc^W\R`WhhZg>]`bZO\R=`SU]\eVS`S VSQ]dS`aQSZZPW]Z]UgO\RW[[c\]Z]UgT]`AQWS\QS[OUOhW\S0SbeSS\aSba]TbS\\WaVSVOa OZa]e`WbbS\T]`1SZZA[WbVa]\WO\O\R<SeAQWS\bWab 2Sa^WbSO\]\ZW\S_cWh\O[W\UVS`WRSOZQO`SS`OaWQSQ`SO[bOabW\UA/@/61>E7::7/;A RSQWRSRb]PSQ][SOaQWS\QSe`WbS`/U`ORcObS]TbVSaQWS\QSe`WbW\U^`]U`O[ObbVSC\WdS`aWbg ]T1OZWT]`\WOAO\bO1`chaVSVOae`WbbS\T]`AQWS\QS<=EGOZS;SRWQW\SO\RAbO\T]`R;SRWQW\S O\RWa\]eOaaWabO\bSRWb]`]TbVS66;70cZZSbW\EWZZWO[aZWdSaW\EOaVW\Ub]\21eWbVVS` 5`SOb2O\SO\ROT`SShS`eSZZab]QYSReWbVWQSQ`SO[ ! 1cb]cbPWba]T^O^S`T`OU[S\ba]TVO\RR`Oe\¿Uc`SaO\RQ]Z]`TcZ^ObbS`\aO`SXcaba][S ]TbVSSZS[S\babVOb[OYSc^bVSWZZcab`ObW]\e]`Y]T:C9303AB6WaRWdS`aS]cb^cbW\QZcRSa dWRS]O\RO\W[ObW]\eW\R]eRWa^ZOgaO`bRW`SQbW]\TOaVW]\O\RV][S[ORSa^OQSacWba0Sab ZWdSaW\:]\R]\eVS`SVSe]`YaOa^O`b]TO\O`bWabWQQ]ZZSQbWdSY\]e\Oa>SS^aV]e :3/64/AB3<aOgaaVSZ]dSabVSeOgaQWS\QSZ]]YaOR[WbbW\UbVObWb^`]POPZgQ][SaT`][ b]][cQVbW[Sa^S\bVO\UW\UO`]c\RVS`VcaPO\R¸aPW]QVS[Wab`gZOP:SOVZSTbOQO`SS`W\ OW`ZW\S¿\O\QSb]^c`acS^V]b]U`O^VgTcZZbW[SAW\QSZOc\QVW\UVS`0]ab]\abcRW]W\ !aVS " VOa^V]b]U`O^VSRaQWS\bWabaT]`bVS;OaaOQVcaSbba7\abWbcbS]TBSQV\]Z]Ug6O`dO`RC\WdS`aWbg BVSAQWS\bWabO\R;OYS[OUOhW\SO[]\U]bVS`a 66;7B@CAB33A 6 6;7=44713@AA3<7=@/2D7A=@A 8O[Sa/0OYS`7773a_ BV][Oa@1SQV>V2 / President Senior Partner / Baker & Botts 1`OWU//ZSfO\RS` / V.P. & General Counsel /[POaaOR]`1VO`ZS\S0O`aVSTaYg >SbS`80`c\a>V2 / V.P. for Grants & Special Programs Senior International Partner 2OdWR/1ZOgb]\>V2 / V.P. for Research Operations WilmerHale 8]aS^V21]ZZW\a / V.P. for Information Technology @WQVO`R52O`[O\ 8OQY32Wf]\>V2 / V.P. & Chief Scientific Officer Partner / The Carlyle Group 8]O\A:S]\O`R3a_ / Senior Counsel to the President Chairman of the Board / AES Corp. /dWQS/;SSVO\ / V.P. for Communications & Public Affairs (Through January 25, 2008) 3ReO`R8>OZ[S`W\] / V.P. for Finance & Treasurer 8]aS^V:5]ZRabSW\;2 5S`OZR;@cPW\>V2 / V.P. & Director, Janelia Farm Research Campus Regental Professor & Chairman, Department of Molecular Genetics :O\RWaHW[[S`[O\ / V.P. & Chief Investment Officer University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 66;70C::3B7<AB/44 6O\\O65`Og>V21VOW`[O\ President Emeritus & Harry Pratt Judson ;O`g0SbV5O`RW\S` / Editor Distinguished Service Professor of History 1]`WDO\QVWS`W / Story Editor The University of Chicago 8W[9SSZSg / Science Editor 5O`\Sbb:9SWbV >Ob`WQWO4]abS` / Associate Director of Communications Chairman / SeaBridge Investment Advisors, L.L.C. for Web & Special Projects Former Vice Chairman & Chief Investment Officer AO`OV1>EWZZWO[a / Assistant Editor The Prudential Insurance Company of America 2SO\B`OQY[O\;OgO>W\Sa / Contributing Editors 8S`S[g@9\]eZSa2>VWZ /227B7=</:1=<B@70CB=@A Amory Houghton Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry 1Og0cbZS`;WQVSZZS1WaaSZZ;O`Y4O``SZZ Harvard University (Through April 3, 2008) <WQ]ZS9`SaUSAbSdS\;O`Qca6SObVS`;Q2]\OZR DA/>O`b\S`a<G1 / Concept & Design >OcZ<c`aS4@A President / The Rockefeller University 9c`b:AQV[]YS3a_ Dean / Howard University School of Law /\\S;BObZ]QY Director, Retired Chairman & CEO Fiduciary Trust Company International BSZS^V]\S! #&&##4Of! #&&$!eeeVV[W]`U %6]eO`R6cUVSa;SRWQOZ7\abWbcbS BVS]^W\W]\aPSZWSTaO\RdWSe^]W\baSf^`SaaSRPgOcbV]`aW\bVS 66;70cZZSbW\R]\]b\SQSaaO`WZg`SÀSQbbVS]^W\W]\aPSZWSTadWSe^]W\ba ]`]T¿QWOZ^]ZWQWSa]TbVS6]eO`R6cUVSa;SRWQOZ7\abWbcbS Mitch Leslie: Christie Aschwanden, Sarah Williams, Luke Best, Leah Fasten Sarah Williams, Leslie: Christie Aschwanden, Mitch HHMI BULLETIN | May 2oo8 president’s letter A Season of Change EVEN THE DAMP, GRAY DAYS SO PERVASIVE THIS SPRING CAN’T diminish the extraordinary magic with which the season unfurls outside my office here at HHMI’s headquarters in Maryland.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
    GENES AND PROTEINS THAT CONTROL THE SECRETORY PATHWAY Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2013 by RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Introduction George Palade shared the 1974 Nobel Prize with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve for their pioneering work in the characterization of organelles interrelated by the process of secretion in mammalian cells and tissues. These three scholars established the modern field of cell biology and the tools of cell fractionation and thin section transmission electron microscopy. It was Palade’s genius in particular that revealed the organization of the secretory pathway. He discovered the ribosome and showed that it was poised on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it engaged in the vectorial translocation of newly synthesized secretory polypeptides (1). And in a most elegant and technically challenging investigation, his group employed radioactive amino acids in a pulse-chase regimen to show by autoradiograpic exposure of thin sections on a photographic emulsion that secretory proteins progress in sequence from the ER through the Golgi apparatus into secretory granules, which then discharge their cargo by membrane fusion at the cell surface (1). He documented the role of vesicles as carriers of cargo between compartments and he formulated the hypothesis that membranes template their own production rather than form by a process of de novo biogenesis (1). As a university student I was ignorant of the important developments in cell biology; however, I learned of Palade’s work during my first year of graduate school in the Stanford biochemistry department.
    [Show full text]
  • Huda Y. Zoghbi, MD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’S Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine
    Investigator Spotlight: Huda Y. Zoghbi, MD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine It is hard to believe that the 7th World Rett Syndrome Congress has come and gone with great success! Now with summer upon us, IRSF continues to move the spotlight to the committed scientists who have made the World Congress an impressive, high quality meeting with outstanding presentations and discussions. This month we are honored to focus on Dr. Huda Zoghbi who had co-chaired the Basic Research Symposium at the World Congress along with Dr. Gail Mandel. Together, they had produced an exciting lineup of speakers who were encouraged to present new, unpublished data in an effort to foster new ideas that will help chart the course for Rett syndrome research. Dr. Zoghbi is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator, the Director of the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, and Professor of the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TX. She received her medical degree from Meharry Medical College and completed residency training in pediatrics and neurology at Baylor College of Medicine where she encountered her first Rett syndrome patient in 1983. Dr. Zoghbi was inspired to receive additional research training in the area molecular genetics and upon completion she joined the faculty of Baylor College of Medicine. In 1999, Dr. Zoghbi and collaborators including research fellow Ruthie Amir made a major breakthrough for Rett syndrome. They had discovered that mutations in MECP2, the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, causes Rett syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 is Characterized by Defects in Mitochondrial and Metabolic Function Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02b7m809 Author Ward, Jacqueline Marie Publication Date 2016 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02b7m809#supplemental Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 is Characterized by Defects in Mitochondrial and Metabolic Function A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences by Jacqueline Marie Ward Committee in charge: Professor Albert La Spada, Chair Professor Eric Bennett Professor Lawrence Goldstein Professor Alysson Muotri Professor Miles Wilkinson 2016 Copyright Jacqueline Marie Ward, 2016 All rights reserved The Dissertation of Jacqueline Marie Ward is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2016 iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my grandfather, Dr. Wayne Ward, the kindest person I’ve ever known. His memory inspires me to be a better person daily. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE .......................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1999 Annual Report
    1999 1999 BANBURY CENTER DIRECTOR'S REPORT The Banbury Center program continues to be as eclectic and exciting as ever. The year was filled with more meetings than ever before-a record 23 of them! Laboratory scientists used the Center for seven in-house meetings, and local community groups came here on eight occasions. Together with the five neurobiology courses, there was hardly a week when the Center was not in use. Not surprisingly, 1999 was also a record year for the number of visitors to Banbury Center: 667 par­ ticipants attended the 23 meetings. The demographics of our participants remain much the same: 25% of visitors to Banbury Center came from abroad, with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada lead­ ing the way. Of the American scientists, those from New York, Massachusetts, and California together accounted for more than 32% of the total. However, participants were drawn from no fewer than 42 states. This is the first year that we have been able to use the Meier House to accommodate participants, which proved to be wonderful. Now the number of participants that we can house on the Banbury estate matches the number we can have in the Conference Room-we do not have to transport peo­ ple between the Center and the main campus. Biological and biomedical research is becoming ever more interdisciplinary, and as it does so, it also becomes ever more difficult to categorize the topics of Banbury Center meetings. A meeting may deal with the same phenomenon in a range of organisms, or many different strategies may be used to study one phenomenon in a single species.
    [Show full text]
  • Looking at Earth: an Astronaut's Journey Induction Ceremony 2017
    american academy of arts & sciences winter 2018 www.amacad.org Bulletin vol. lxxi, no. 2 Induction Ceremony 2017 Class Speakers: Jane Mayer, Ursula Burns, James P. Allison, Heather K. Gerken, and Gerald Chan Annual David M. Rubenstein Lecture Looking at Earth: An Astronaut’s Journey David M. Rubenstein and Kathryn D. Sullivan ALSO: How Are Humans Different from Other Great Apes?–Ajit Varki, Pascal Gagneux, and Fred H. Gage Advancing Higher Education in America–Monica Lozano, Robert J. Birgeneau, Bob Jacobsen, and Michael S. McPherson Redistricting and Representation–Patti B. Saris, Gary King, Jamal Greene, and Moon Duchin noteworthy Select Prizes and Andrea Bertozzi (University of James R. Downing (St. Jude Chil- Barbara Grosz (Harvard Univer- California, Los Angeles) was se- dren’s Research Hospital) was sity) is the recipient of the Life- Awards to Members lected as a 2017 Simons Investi- awarded the 2017 E. Donnall time Achievement Award of the gator by the Simons Foundation. Thomas Lecture and Prize by the Association for Computational American Society of Hematology. Linguistics. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Clara D. Bloomfield (Ohio State 2017 University) is the recipient of the Carol Dweck (Stanford Univer- Christopher Hacon (University 2017 Robert A. Kyle Award for sity) was awarded the inaugural of Utah) was awarded the Break- Joachim Frank (Columbia Univer- Outstanding Clinician-Scientist, Yidan Prize. through Prize in Mathematics. sity) presented by the Mayo Clinic Di- vision of Hematology. Felton Earls (Harvard Univer- Naomi Halas (Rice University) sity) is the recipient of the 2018 was awarded the 2018 Julius Ed- Nobel Prize in Economic Emmanuel J.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Great Ideas of Biology
    GREATGREAT IDEASIDEAS OFOF BIOLOGYBIOLOGY Paul Nurse KITP Public Lecture, Feb 24, 2010 THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life ROBERTROBERT HOOKEHOOKE’’SS MICROSCOPEMICROSCOPE Cork Image: Past Present STEMSTEM IMAGES:IMAGES: PASTPAST ANDAND PRESENTPRESENT Nehemiah Grew (1682) ANTONIANTONI VANVAN LEEUWENHOEKLEEUWENHOEK MICROORGANISMSMICROORGANISMS VANVAN LEEUWENHOEK?LEEUWENHOEK? THEODORTHEODOR SCHWANNSCHWANN “We have seen that all organisms are composed of essentially like parts, namely, of cells.” (1839) RUDOLFRUDOLF VIRCHOWVIRCHOW “Every animal appears as a sum of vital units, each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life.” (1858) CELLCELL Rockefeller Nobel Prize Winners in Cell Biology George E. Palade (1974) Christian de Duve (1974) Albert Claude (1974) Günter Blobel (1999) MAMMALIANMAMMALIAN EMBRYOEMBRYO SPERMSPERM ANDAND EGGEGG THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life Underpins all reproduction and development Stem cells THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity GREGORGREGOR MENDELMENDEL MENDELMENDEL’’SS GARDENGARDEN PEASPEAS PEASPEAS 1919TH CENTURYCENTURY CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES EDOUARDEDOUARD VANVAN BENEDENBENEDEN’’SS NEMATODENEMATODE CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES PNEUMOCOCCUSPNEUMOCOCCUS Avery, MacLeod and McCarty, Rockefeller University (1944) DNADNA MOLECULEMOLECULE CENTRALCENTRAL DOGMADOGMA THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity Genotype to phenotype Implications for what we are EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION BYBY NATURALNATURAL SELECTIONSELECTION Life evolves Mechanism of natural selection ERASMUSERASMUS ANDAND CHARLESCHARLES DARWINDARWIN
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Prizes
    W W de Herder Heroes in endocrinology: 1–11 3:R94 Review Nobel Prizes Open Access Heroes in endocrinology: Nobel Prizes Correspondence Wouter W de Herder should be addressed to W W de Herder Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, ’s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Email The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was first awarded in 1901. Since then, the Nobel Key Words Prizes in Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry and Physics have been awarded to at least 33 " diabetes distinguished researchers who were directly or indirectly involved in research into the field " pituitary of endocrinology. This paper reflects on the life histories, careers and achievements of 11 of " thyroid them: Frederick G Banting, Roger Guillemin, Philip S Hench, Bernardo A Houssay, Edward " adrenal C Kendall, E Theodor Kocher, John J R Macleod, Tadeus Reichstein, Andrew V Schally, Earl " neuroendocrinology W Sutherland, Jr and Rosalyn Yalow. All were eminent scientists, distinguished lecturers and winners of many prizes and awards. Endocrine Connections (2014) 3, R94–R104 Introduction Endocrine Connections Among all the prizes awarded for life achievements in In 1901, the first prize was awarded to the German medical research, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or physiologist Emil A von Behring (3, 4). This award heralded Medicine is considered the most prestigious. the first recognition of extraordinary advances in medicine The Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard that has become the legacy of Nobel’s prescient idea to Nobel (1833–1896), is well known as the inventor of recognise global excellence.
    [Show full text]
  • Pnas11141toc 3..7
    October 14, 2014 u vol. 111 u no. 41 u 14637–14960 Cover image: Pictured is a duck during feeding. Ducks and other tactile foraging birds rely on their sense of touch, rather than sight, to feed in murky water. Eve R. Schneider et al. found that the trigeminal ganglia in duck bills contain a high number of neurons hypersensitive to mechanical stimuli. Multiplication of mechanosensitive neurons, however, may reduce the number of thermosensitive neurons. This tradeoff may confer an advantage on tactile foraging birds, which can tolerate cold water temperatures without diminishing feeding efficiency. See the article by Schneider et al. on pages 14941–14946. Image courtesy of Eve R. Schneider (Bagriantsev Lab). From the Cover 14941 Duckbill mechanosensitivity 14675 Mobility of packaged viral DNA 14740 Strong male bonds among Guinea baboons 14822 Losing independence in microbial mutualism 14864 Density-based sickle cell detection E4288 Reply to Azuaje: Predicting effective combined Contents therapies for heterogeneous tumors Boyang Zhao, Michael T. Hemann, and Douglas A. Lauffenburger THIS WEEK IN PNAS INNER WORKINGS—An over-the-shoulder look at scientists at work 14637 In This Issue 14639 Inner Workings: Coding on the big screen Robert Frederick LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) QNAS E4284 Delphi: Somewhere between Scylla and Charybdis? Fergus Bolger and Gene Rowe 14640 QnAs with Alan Guth E4285 Are Marine Group II Euryarchaeota significant Paul Gabrielsen contributors to tetraether lipids in the ocean? Stefan Schouten, Laura Villanueva, Ellen C. Hopmans, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté RETROSPECTIVE E4286 Reply to Schouten et al.: Marine Group II planktonic Euryarchaeota are significant contributors to tetraether lipids in the ocean 14641 Jake MacMillan: A pioneering chemist in Sara A.
    [Show full text]
  • Marc Corrales Berjano
    Text in context: Chromatin effects in gene regulation Marc Corrales Berjano TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2017 DIRECTOR DE LA TESI Dr. Guillaume Filion DEPARTAMENT Gene Regulation, Stem cells and Cancer Genome architecture Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) ii a mi familia, iii Aknowledgements I want to thank the members of the doctoral board, present and substitutes, for accepting to analize my work and defend my thesis. I also want to thank my thesis commitee Dr. Miguel Beato, Dr. Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo and Dr. Tanya Vavouri for guidance and valuable scientific imput whenever I needed it along these years. I want to thank my mentor Dr. Guillaume Filion, not only for giving me the opportunity to carry this work in a wonderful environement, but for teaching me. No matter the tigh schedule he has allowed me to sit by his side (literally) reviewing a script at the computer, calculating the probaility of plasmid recircularization or deriving a statistical formula at the white board but also helping me to prepare and electroporate a bacterial library in what seemed a contraction of space-time. I want to thank the community of the CRG, always ready to discuss science and life in the corridors, the data seminars, symposiums, the beer sessions or following a mail asking for advice or materials. People at the administration helped enormously to navigate the tortuous bureaucratic world, maximizing the time one can dedicate toscience. ¡Dónde estaría yo sin tu puerta siempre abierta, Imma, madre en funciones de todo phD student! I want to thank the CRG for funding my phD and for constituting what I envisage as the perfect environment to learn to be a scientist.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Annual Report
    BECKMAN CENTER 279 Campus Drive West Stanford, CA 94305 650.723.8423 Stanford University | Beckman Center 2019 Annual Report Annual 2019 | Beckman Center University Stanford beckman.stanford.edu 2019 ANNUAL REPORT ARNOLD AND MABEL BECKMAN CENTER FOR MOLECULAR AND GENETIC MEDICINE 30 Years of Innovation, Discovery, and Leadership in the Life Sciences CREDITS: Cover Design: Neil Murphy, Ghostdog Design Graphic Design: Jack Lem, AlphaGraphics Mountain View Photography: Justin Lewis Beckman Center Director Photo: Christine Baker, Lotus Pod Designs MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR Dear Friends and Trustees, It has been 30 years since the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine opened its doors in 1989. The number of translational scientific discoveries and technological innovations derived from the center’s research labs over the course of the past three decades has been remarkable. Equally remarkable have been the number of scientific awards and honors, including Nobel prizes, received by Beckman faculty and the number of young scientists mentored by Beckman faculty who have gone on to prominent positions in academia, bio-technology and related fields. This year we include several featured articles on these accomplishments. In the field of translational medicine, these discoveries range from the causes of skin, bladder and other cancers, to the identification of human stem cells, from the design of new antifungals and antibiotics to the molecular underpinnings of autism, and from opioids for pain
    [Show full text]
  • English Summary
    English summary The Nobel Prize Career of Ragnar Granit. A Study of the Prizes of Science and the Science of the Prizes This study is concerned with two closely related themes: the reward system of science – i .e . the various means by which scientists express their admiration and esteem for their colleagues – and the role played by social networks within this broader framework . The study approa- ches its topic from the viewpoint of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, often referred to as the Nobel Prize in Medicine . The focus of the study is on the lengthy process that led to the granting of the 1967 Nobel Prize to Ragnar Granit (1901–1991) for his discoveries concer- ning the primary physiological visual processes in the eye . His award was preceded by one of the most dramatic conflicts within the prize authorities during the post-war decades, and serves here to illustrate the dynamics and the various strategies employed in the Nobel Com- mittee of the Karolinska Institute . In addition, Granit’s career as a No- bel Prize candidate is used as a window through which it is possible to examine the various ways in which elite networks in the scientific field operate . In order to enable comparison, the Nobel careers of Charles Best, Hugo Theorell, and John Eccles are also discussed . On a more ge- neral level the Nobel careers of other scientists who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the period 1940–1960 are also dis- cussed, whereby, as an offshoot of the study, a general picture of the Nobel institution in the post-war decades emerges .
    [Show full text]
  • Xiaowei Zhuang Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Xiaowei Zhuang Is the David B
    Xiaowei Zhuang Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Xiaowei Zhuang is the David B. Arnold Professor of Science at Harvard University and an investigator of Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Her laboratory has developed single-molecule, super-resolution and genomic- scale imaging methods, including STORM and MERFISH, and has used these methods to discover novel molecular structures in cells and cell organizations in tissues. Zhuang received her BS in physics from the University of Science and Technology of China, her PhD in physics in the lab of Prof. Y. R. Shen at University of California, Berkeley, and her postdoctoral training in biophysics in the lab of Prof. Steven Chu at Stanford University. She joined the faculty of Harvard University in 2001 and became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator in 2005. Zhuang is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the European Molecular Biology Organization, a fellow of the American Association of the Advancement of Science and the American Physical Society. She received honorary doctorate degrees from the Stockholm University in Sweden and the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. She has received a number of awards, including the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, National Academy of Sciences Award in Scientific Discovery, Dr. H.P. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology, Raymond and Beverly Sackler International Prize in Biophysics, Max Delbruck Prize in Biological Physics, American Chemical Society Pure Chemistry Award, MacArthur Fellowship, etc.
    [Show full text]