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Fotonica Ed Elettronica Quantistica
Fotonica ed elettronica quantistica http://www.dsf.unica.it/~fotonica/teaching/fotonica.html Fotonica ed elettronica quantistica Quantum optics - Quantization of electromagnetic field - Statistics of light, photon counting and noise; - HBT and correlation; g1 e g2 coherence; antibunching; single photons - Squeezing - Quantum cryptography - Quantum computer, entanglement and teleportation Light-matter Interaction - Two-level atom - Laser physics - Spectroscopy - Electronics and photonics at the nanometer scale - Cold atoms - Photodetectors - Solar cells http://www.dsf.unica.it/~fotonica/teaching/fotonica.html Energy Temperature LHC at CERN, Higgs, SUSY, ??? TeV 15 q q particle accelerators 10 K q GeV proton rest mass - quarks 1012K MeV electron rest mass / gamma rays 109K keV Nuclear Fusion, x rays, Sun center 106K Atoms ionize - visible light eV Sun surface fundamental components components fundamental room temperature 103K meV Liquid He, superconductors, space 1K dilution refrigerators, quantum Hall µeV laser-cooled atoms 10-3K neV Bose-Einstein condensates 10-6K peV low T record 480 picokelvin 10-9K -12 complexity, organization organization complexity, 10 K Nobel Prizes in Physics 2010 - Andre Geims, Konstantin Novoselov 2009 - Charles K. Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith 2007 - Albert Fert, Peter Gruenberg 2005 - Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch 2001 - Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 1997 - Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1989 - Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1981 - Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn 1966 - Alfred Kastler 1964 - Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov 1944 - Isidor Isaac Rabi 1930 - Venkata Raman 1921 - Albert Einstein 1907 - Albert A. -
Nobel Laureates Endorse Joe Biden
Nobel Laureates endorse Joe Biden 81 American Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine have signed this letter to express their support for former Vice President Joe Biden in the 2020 election for President of the United States. At no time in our nation’s history has there been a greater need for our leaders to appreciate the value of science in formulating public policy. During his long record of public service, Joe Biden has consistently demonstrated his willingness to listen to experts, his understanding of the value of international collaboration in research, and his respect for the contribution that immigrants make to the intellectual life of our country. As American citizens and as scientists, we wholeheartedly endorse Joe Biden for President. Name Category Prize Year Peter Agre Chemistry 2003 Sidney Altman Chemistry 1989 Frances H. Arnold Chemistry 2018 Paul Berg Chemistry 1980 Thomas R. Cech Chemistry 1989 Martin Chalfie Chemistry 2008 Elias James Corey Chemistry 1990 Joachim Frank Chemistry 2017 Walter Gilbert Chemistry 1980 John B. Goodenough Chemistry 2019 Alan Heeger Chemistry 2000 Dudley R. Herschbach Chemistry 1986 Roald Hoffmann Chemistry 1981 Brian K. Kobilka Chemistry 2012 Roger D. Kornberg Chemistry 2006 Robert J. Lefkowitz Chemistry 2012 Roderick MacKinnon Chemistry 2003 Paul L. Modrich Chemistry 2015 William E. Moerner Chemistry 2014 Mario J. Molina Chemistry 1995 Richard R. Schrock Chemistry 2005 K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry 2001 Sir James Fraser Stoddart Chemistry 2016 M. Stanley Whittingham Chemistry 2019 James P. Allison Medicine 2018 Richard Axel Medicine 2004 David Baltimore Medicine 1975 J. Michael Bishop Medicine 1989 Elizabeth H. Blackburn Medicine 2009 Michael S. -
Having a Good Time: a Triumph of Science & Technology
UDC’s Office of Research & Graduate Studies, SEAS, LSAMP, & STEM Center Invite You to a Seminar on Having a Good Time: A Triumph of Science & Technology Presented by Dr. William D. Phillips, NIST Nobel Laureate in Physics, 1997 © Robert Rathe © Robert Rathe Date: Tuesday, March 13, 2012 Time: 12:30 PM Location: Building 41-A03 Abstract: People have long been interested in timekeeping. In the 18th century, this interest became particularly keen because of technological demands: the need for accurate navigation on the high seas. While many people believed that the answer to sufficiently good timekeeping at sea would be found in astronomical measurements, it was earthbound engineering that literally won the prize. The construction of accurate seagoing clocks revolutionized navigation in the 18th and 19th centuries. The advent of even more accurate clocks—atomic clocks—in the 20th century gave birth to a new revolution in navigation—the Global Positioning System. This ever-more advanced system for satellite navigation owes its success both to excellent engineering and to seemingly arcane science. Dr. William D. Phillips is a Senior Fellow at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), where he leads the Laser Cooling and Trapping Group. He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics with Dr. Steven Chu, now Secretary of Energy, and with Dr. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, an Algerian-born French physicist, “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.” With a physics bachelor’s degree from Juniata College in Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. from MIT, Phillips started his career at NIST only a few years after it left UDC’s Van Ness campus for its location in Gaithersburg. -
Viewsizer 3000
ViewSizer TM 3000 Unmatched Visualization and Measurement of Nanoparticles Visualize and determine the size distribution of a wide range of nanoparticle sizes even when they coexist in the same liquid. APPLICATIONS INCLUDE • Batteries • Exosomes, microvesicles, • Pharmaceuticals and other biological particles • Catalysts • Limnology • Pigments and inks • Chemical & • Metal powders • Polymers mechanical polishing • Colloid stability • Nanoparticles • Protein aggregation • Cosmetics • Oceanography • Semiconductors • Ecotoxicology • Particle counting • Water quality • Energy • Particle number concentration • Viruses and virus like particles (VLP’s) • Environmental sciences • Particle size distribution even for polydisperse samples High resolution size distribution and nanoparticle concentration Determine both with the ViewSizer™ 3000 INTRODUCTION Analyzing nanoparticles is inherently challenging. They are too small to image with visible light and must be imaged by laborious electron microscopy. Dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction can be used to determine particle size and size distribution with some success. However, as ensemble techniques, high resolution size distribution information cannot be obtained and those methods do not measure particle concentration. The ultramicroscope and nanoparticle tracking have been used with only partial success since the wide range of sizes present in many samples means that scattering from the largest particles is bright enough to saturate the detector and eliminate any hope of learning about -
Controlling Nanoparticle Dispersion for Nanoscopic Self-Assembly
CONTROLLING NANOPARTICLE DISPERSIONS FOR NANOSCOPIC SELF- ASSEMBLY A Project Report presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Polymers and Coatings by Nathan Stephen Starkweather March 2013 © 2013 Nathan Stephen Starkweather ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Controlling Nanoparticle Dispersions for Nanoscopic Self- Assembly AUTHOR: Nathan Stephen Starkweather DATE SUBMITTED: March 2013 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Raymond H. Fernando, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Shanju Zhang, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Chad Immoos, Ph.D. iii ABSTRACT Controlling Nanoparticle Dispersions for Nanoscopic Self-Assembly Nathan Stephen Starkweather Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter and devices on the nanometer scale. Below the critical dimension length of 100nm, materials begin to display vastly different properties than their macro- or micro- scale counterparts. The exotic properties of nanomaterials may trigger the start of a new technological revolution, similar to the electronics revolution of the late 20th century. Current applications of nanotechnology primarily make use of nanoparticles in bulk, often being made into composites or mixtures. While these materials have fantastic properties, organization of nano and microstructures of nanoparticles may allow the development of novel devices with many unique properties. By analogy, bulk copper may be used to form the alloys brass or bronze, which are useful materials, and have been used for thousands of years. Yet, organized arrays of copper allowed the development of printed circuit boards, a technology far more advanced than the mere use of copper as a bulk material. In the same way, organized assemblies of nanoparticles may offer technological possibilities far beyond our current understanding. -
Nobel Lectures™ 2001-2005
World Scientific Connecting Great Minds 逾10 0 种 诺贝尔奖得主著作 及 诺贝尔奖相关图书 我们非常荣幸得以出版超过100种诺贝尔奖得主著作 以及诺贝尔奖相关图书。 我们自1980年代开始与诺贝尔奖得主合作出版高品质 畅销书。一些得主担任我们的编辑顾问、丛书编辑， 并于我们期刊发表综述文章与学术论文。 世界科技与帝国理工学院出版社还邀得其中多位作了公 开演讲。 Philip W Anderson Sir Derek H R Barton Aage Niels Bohr Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Murray Gell-Mann Georges Charpak Nicolaas Bloembergen Baruch S Blumberg Hans A Bethe Aaron J Ciechanover Claude Steven Chu Cohen-Tannoudji Leon N Cooper Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Niels K Jerne Richard Feynman Kenichi Fukui Lawrence R Klein Herbert Kroemer Vitaly L Ginzburg David Gross H Gobind Khorana Rita Levi-Montalcini Harry M Markowitz Karl Alex Müller Sir Nevill F Mott Ben Roy Mottelson 诺贝尔奖相关图书 THE PERIODIC TABLE AND A MISSED NOBEL PRIZES THAT CHANGED MEDICINE NOBEL PRIZE edited by Gilbert Thompson (Imperial College London) by Ulf Lagerkvist & edited by Erling Norrby (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) This book brings together in one volume fifteen Nobel Prize- winning discoveries that have had the greatest impact upon medical science and the practice of medicine during the 20th “This is a fascinating account of how century and up to the present time. Its overall aim is to groundbreaking scientists think and enlighten, entertain and stimulate. work. This is the insider’s view of the process and demands made on the Contents: The Discovery of Insulin (Robert Tattersall) • The experts of the Nobel Foundation who Discovery of the Cure for Pernicious Anaemia, Vitamin B12 assess the originality and significance (A Victor Hoffbrand) • The Discovery of -
Reversed out (White) Reversed
Berkeley rev.( white) Berkeley rev.( FALL 2014 reversed out (white) reversed IN THIS ISSUE Berkeley’s Space Sciences Laboratory Tabletop Physics Bringing More Women into Physics ALUMNI NEWS AND MORE! Cover: The MAVEN satellite mission uses instrumentation developed at UC Berkeley's Space Sciences Laboratory to explore the physics behind the loss of the Martian atmosphere. It’s a continuation of Berkeley astrophysicist Robert Lin’s pioneering work in solar physics. See p 7. photo credit: Lockheed Martin Physics at Berkeley 2014 Published annually by the Department of Physics Steven Boggs: Chair Anil More: Director of Administration Maria Hjelm: Director of Development, College of Letters and Science Devi Mathieu: Editor, Principal Writer Meg Coughlin: Design Additional assistance provided by Sarah Wittmer, Sylvie Mehner and Susan Houghton Department of Physics 366 LeConte Hall #7300 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-7300 Copyright 2014 by The Regents of the University of California FEATURES 4 12 18 Berkeley’s Space Tabletop Physics Bringing More Women Sciences Laboratory BERKELEY THEORISTS INVENT into Physics NEW WAYS TO SEARCH FOR GOING ON SIX DECADES UC BERKELEY HOSTS THE 2014 NEW PHYSICS OF EDUCATION AND SPACE WEST COAST CONFERENCE EXPLORATION Berkeley theoretical physicists Ashvin FOR UNDERGRADUATE WOMEN Vishwanath and Surjeet Rajendran IN PHYSICS Since the Space Lab’s inception are developing new, small-scale in 1959, Berkeley physicists have Women physics students from low-energy approaches to questions played important roles in many California, Oregon, Washington, usually associated with large-scale of the nation’s space-based scientific Alaska, and Hawaii gathered on high-energy particle experiments. -
The Election—IV Steven Weinberg
3/26/13 The Election—IV by Steven Weinberg, Garry Wills, and Jeffrey D. Sachs | The New York Review of Books The Election—IV NOVEMBER 8, 2012 Steven Weinberg, Garry Wills, and Jeffrey D. Sachs Barack Obama; drawing by John Springs Steven Weinberg The presidency of Barack Obama began to fail on January 6, 2009, a fortnight before the president was inaugurated. Only on that day, the first day of a new Congress, the rules of the Senate could have been changed by a simple majority vote. That was the last opportunity to revise the rule that requires sixty votes to limit a filibuster. Of course, no president-elect or president has authority to change the Senate rules, but this president- elect had ample means to exert pressure on senators. For instance, he could have confronted Harry Reid of Nevada, the Senate majority leader, with the prospect of administration support for the nuclear waste disposal facility at Yucca Mountain, whose worst drawback was its unpopularity in Nevada. Alas, Barack Obama proved himself to be no Lyndon Johnson. Even though Democrats would have a majority in both houses of Congress for the next www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/nov/08/election-4/?pagination=false 1/10 3/26/13 The Election—IV by Steven Weinberg, Garry Wills, and Jeffrey D. Sachs | The New York Review of Books two years, the Republican ability to filibuster in the Senate meant that bipartisan compromise would be needed to pass any legislation or approve any appointments. This sort of compromise may have been congenial to President Obama anyway, but after January 6 it was unavoidable. -
Nonlinear Dark-Field Microscopy
pubs.acs.org/NanoLett Nonlinear Dark-Field Microscopy Hayk Harutyunyan,† Stefano Palomba,† Jan Renger,‡ Romain Quidant,‡,§ and Lukas Novotny*,† † Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States, ‡ ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain, and § ICREA-Institucio´ Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT Dark-field microscopy is a background-free imaging method that provides high sensitivity and a large signal-to-noise ratio. It finds application in nanoscale detection, biophysics and biosensing, particle tracking, single molecule spectroscopy, X-ray imaging, and failure analysis of materials. In dark-field microscopy, the unscattered light path is typically excluded from the angular range of signal detection. This restriction reduces the numerical aperture and affects the resolution. Here we introduce a nonlinear dark-field scheme that overcomes this restriction. Two laser beams of frequencies ω1 and ω2 are used to illuminate a sample surface and to generate a purely evanescent field at the four-wave mixing (4WM) frequency ω4wm ) 2ω1 - ω2. The evanescent 4WM field scatters at sample features and generates radiation that is detected by standard far-field optics. This nonlinear dark-field scheme works with samples of any material and is compatible with applications ranging from biological imaging to failure analysis. KEYWORDS Dark-field imaging, microscopy, nonlinear wave mixing, optical sensing, detection and -
Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Part 1: Background and Applications
Ochekpe et al Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, June 2009; 8 (3): 265-274 © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved . Available online at http://www.tjpr.org Review Article Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Part 1: Background and Applications Nelson A Ochekpe 1*, Patrick O Olorunfemi 2 and Ndidi C Ngwuluka 2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria Abstract Nanotechnology in general and as it relates to drug delivery in humans has been reviewed in a two-part article, the first part of which is this paper. In this paper, nanotechnology in nature, history of nanotechnology and methods of synthesis are discussed, while also outlining its applications, benefits and risks. Nanotechnology is an industrial revolution, based on integration of disciplines that could change every facet of human life. Some examples of changes brought about by reduction in particle sizes to the physical, chemical and biological properties of substances, compounds and drug products have been cited. The benefits of nanotechnology are enormous and so these benefits should be maximized while efforts are made to reduce the risks. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanobiotechnology, Nanostructures, Nanomaterials, Nanocarriers, Drug delivery. Received: 4 Nov 2008 Revised accepted: 13 Jan 2009 *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +234-(0)8037006372 Trop J Pharm Res, June 2009; 8 (3): 265 Ochekpe et al INTRODUCTION Definition Nanotechnology can simply be defined as the Nanotechnology in nature technology at the scale of one-billionth of a metre. -
Controlling Gold Nanoparticle Assembly Through Particle
CONTROLLING GOLD NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLY THROUGH PARTICLE- PARTICLE AND PARTICLE-SURFACE INTERACTIONS Dissertation Submitted to The School of Engineering of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering By John Joseph Kelley, M.S. Dayton, Ohio August, 2018 CONTROLLING GOLD NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLY THROUGH PARTICLE-PARTICLE AND PARTICLE-SURFACE INTERACTIONS Name: Kelley, John Joseph APPROVED BY: ___________________________ ___________________________ Erick S. Vasquez, Ph.D. Donald Klosterman, Ph.D. Advisory Committee Chairman Committee Member Assistant Professor, Department of Associate Professor, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Chemical and Materials Engineering ___________________________ ___________________________ Andrey Voevodin, Ph.D. P. Terrence Murray, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member Adjunct Professor, Department of Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Chemical and Materials Engineering ___________________________ Richard A. Vaia, Ph.D. Research Advisor Technical Director, Air Force Research Laboratory ___________________________ ___________________________ Robert J. Wilkens, Ph.D., P.E. Eddy M. Rojas, Ph.D., M.A., P.E. Associate Dean for Research and Innovation Dean, School of Engineering Professor School of Engineering ii ABSTRACT CONTROLLING GOLD NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLY THROUGH PARTICLE- PARTICLE AND PARTICLE-SURFACE INTERACTIONS Name: Kelley, John Joseph University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Erick S. Vasquez -
Steven Chu William R
Steven Chu William R. Kenan Jr. Professor and Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Physics CONTACT INFORMATION • Administrative Contact Donna Fung Email [email protected] Tel 6504979039 Bio BIO Steven Chu is the William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular & Cellular Physiology in the Medical School at Stanford University. He has published over 280 papers in atomic and polymer physics, biophysics, biology, bio-imaging, batteries, and other energy technologies. He holds 15 patents, and an additional 9 patent disclosures or filings since 2015. Dr. Chu was the 12th U.S. Secretary of Energy from January 2009 until the end of April 2013. As the first scientist to hold a Cabinet position and the longest serving Energy Secretary, he recruited outstanding scientists and engineers into the Department of Energy. He began several initiatives including ARPA-E (Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy), the Energy Innovation Hubs, and was personally tasked by President Obama to assist BP in stopping the Deepwater Horizon oil leak. Prior to his cabinet post, he was director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where he was active in pursuit of alternative and renewable energy technologies, and Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University, where he helped launch Bio-X, a multi-disciplinary institute combining the physical and biological sciences with medicine and engineering. Previously he was head of the Quantum Electronics Research Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Dr. Chu is the co-recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to laser cooling and atom trapping, and has received numerous other awards.