closed circuit: circuit: demagnetize, readilyavailable, andeconomical,buttheycanbreakorchipeasily. : chemicalenergydirectlyintoelectricalenergy.batteries convert cell: of ageneratorormotor. brushes: battery: attract/attraction: surround thenucleus. An atomconsistsofacenter(nucleus)madefromprotonsandneutrons.(negativelychargedparticles) : butneighboring,opposing spins. aregularpattern align toform : once tochangethemetal’s physical,andsometimeschemical,properties. anneal: magnetic materials,includingneodymiumandsamariumcobalt,haveapreferreddirectionofmagnetization. anisotropic material: (amp): : reversesitsdirectionofmovement. regular intervals, current(A.C.): alternating (AL +NICO). : : through anothernon-magneticmaterial(paint,paper, ,etc.),whichusuallyweakensthemagneticforce. air gap: speaking ‘magnet’withthebestofthem! –soonyou’llbe trickyterm Bookmark itorprintoutandkeepclosetohelpwhenyougetstumpedbyaparticularly isyourone-stopshopforcleardefinitionsofkeymagnetterminology.respected resourcesaroundtheinternet, isabroadandwell-researchedsciencewithlanguageofitsown.Ourmagnetglossary, culledfrom Asingleelectrochemicalunitsuchasacylindricalflashlight battery. cell, Typically anon-rechargeable alkaline dry A composed at least two elements, one of which is a . Amixturecomposedatleasttwoelements,oneofwhichisametal. Thesmallestunitofmatter. ofthatelement.) ofachemicalelementhavingallthe properties (Thesmallestportion Aclosedpathalongwhich currentflows. An acronym that refers to a group of alloys that are comprised mostly of aluminum, , and Anacronymthatreferstoagroupofironalloysarecomprisedmostlyaluminum,nickel,andcobalt Aprocessbywhichametal(includingmagneticmaterial)isheated,ensuresthatitcoolsslowly, allowing A group of connected cells. Agroupofconnectedcells. An external space or distance between the two poles of a , through air (most common) or spaceordistancebetweenthetwopolesofamagneticcircuit,throughair(mostcommon) Anexternal Wires from a battery that touch the of a motor to conduct current between rotating and fixed parts ofamotortoconductcurrentbetweenrotatingandfixedparts thattouchthearmature Wiresfromabattery Atoolthatmeasuresthenumberofelectronsmovingpersecondpastaspecificpointinwire. Acompleteelectricalcircuit withanendless,uninterruptedpaththroughwhich currentcanflow. Abasicunitthatmeasureselectriccurrent. Man-mademagnetsmadeofbariumorstrontiumferrite. Theyareblackincolor, difficultto very Theactionofpullingtowardorstickingto. Occurring at or below the Neel temperature, a type of magnetism in which the magnetic domains OccurringatorbelowtheNeeltemperature,atypeofmagnetisminwhichmagneticdomains A material that has different properties depending on the direction of . Many dependingonthedirectionofmagnetization.Many properties Amaterialthathasdifferent Anelectriccurrent(madeupofelectrons)runningthroughacircuit,thatperiodically, butat ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). glossary red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M

1 glossary 2 eddy currents: between moleculesoratoms. domain: dipolar: plane. and rotatinginavertical dip/dipping needle: (D.C.): to thatofiron. islessthan thatofavacuum:inmagneticfield,theirinducedmagnetismisdirectionopposite whose permeability diamagnetic: demagnetize: aredesignatedbythecoordinatesBdandHd. this curve demagnetization curve: Hemisphere. HemisphereandadeflectiontotheleftinSouthern andappearingasadeflectiontotherightinNorthern Earth attributedtoafictitiousforce(Coriolisforce)butactuallycausedbytherotationof ontheEarth, by anobserver deflecting : also becarriedbyionsinanelectrolyte,orbothandelectrons,suchasplasma. current: by FrenchphysicistPierreCuriein1895. (orCuriepoint): barbed wire!) stomachs,collectingthecrazyferrousthingstheyeat(likenailsand oftheirfour-part and itsitsinthefirstcompartment cow magnet: core: areelectrons. aluminum, themobilechargedparticles electrical currentinoneormoredirections.Ametalwireisacommonconductor. Inmetalssuchascopperor conductor: magnetic north. : directionisalwaysmagneticnorth. particular direction. Acommutatorswitchestheelectricalconnectionstoarotatingcoilsothatsideoffacing : induction (Br)ofafullymagnetizedmagnettozero. coercive force(Hc): magnet. magnetic fieldrequiredfordemagnetizationofapermanent : The body upon which a orcoiliswound,suchaswithinanelectromagnet. Thebodyuponwhichatransformer A flow of . In electric circuits, this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. It can Aflowofelectriccharge.Incircuits,thischargeisoftencarriedbymovingelectronsinawire. It can Apairofequal(electric)chargesormagneticpoles, slightlyseparated,thathaveoppositesignsorpolarity. A portion of a ferromagnetic material where the magnetic moments are aligned because of interactions ofaferromagneticmaterial wherethemagneticmomentsarealignedbecause ofinteractions Aportion A device that indicates direction by means of a small magnet turning onapivot,whichpointstotheEarth’s Adevicethatindicatesdirectionbymeansofasmallmagnetturning A measure of utilized during the process of demagnetization. It refers to the strength of the reverse Ameasureofenergyutilizedduringtheprocessdemagnetization.Itreferstostrengthreverse In and , a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of an Inphysicsandelectricalengineering,aconductorisanobjectortypeofmaterialthatallowstheflow Adevicethatreversesthedirectionofacurrentateachhalfrotationtomaintainmotorshaft’s Cow magnets are used by farmers to trap metal that cows sometimes ingest. A cow swallows the magnet, totrapmetalthatcowssometimesingest.A cow swallowsthemagnet, Cowmagnetsareusedbyfarmers A term usedtodescribematerials thatareoforrelatingtoaclasssubstances,asbismuthandcopper, Aterm The loss or removal of magnetic properties. Alsocalleddegauss. Thelossorremovalofmagneticproperties. Electrical currents produced on the surface ofmetalbyavariationinthe strengthofanelectromagneticfield. Electrical currentsproducedonthe surface The apparent deflection (Coriolis acceleration) of a body in motion with respect to the Earth, as seen asseen Theapparentdeflection(Coriolisacceleration)ofabodyinmotionwithrespecttotheEarth, Similartocoercivity, tolowertheresidual thisisthespecificdemagnetizingforcenecessary Themovementofelectrons/(electriccurrent)in onedirection. An early type of —a compass (pivoting needle) suspended at its center of gravity Anearlytypeofmagnetometer—acompass(pivoting needle)suspendedatitscenterofgravity The specific term for the (or fourth) quadrant of a major loop. The points on quadrantofamajorhysteresis loop.Thepointson forthesecond(orfourth) Thespecificterm ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). The temperature at which some materials lose their magnetic properties. Discovered Discovered Thetemperatureatwhichsomematerialslosetheirmagneticproperties. red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M glossary showing the direction of the magnetic inside the coil. showing thedirection ofthemagneticfield insidethecoil. : excess current,therebyopening thecircuit. fuse: force: the fluxchanges. fluxmeter: density: flux: flexible magnets: ferrous: a magnetorwhichcanbecomemagnetic. ferromagnetic: : /. physicist MichaelFaraday.a The lawpredictshowamagneticfieldwillinteractwithanelectriccircuittoproduce Faraday’s Law: equilibrium position: energy transfer: energy: : withanend-contactthatmoves. an ironcoreneararmature electromechanical : Faraday’s LawandLenz’s Lawarethetwolawsthatexplainelectromagneticinduction. electromagnetic induction: : periodic variationofintensitiesof,usually, perpendicularelectricandmagneticfields. electromagnetic/electric : andsensorcoils. magnetic ,indevicessuchasinductors,,, or helix.Electromagneticcoilsareusedinelectricalengineering,applicationswhereelectriccurrentsinteractwith : disappears whenthecurrentstops. : : The rate of flow of fluid, particles, orenergy.The rateofflowfluid,particles, Or, aquantityexpressingthestrengthoffieldforceingiven area. A protective device, used in an electric circuit, containing a conductor that melts under produced by an Aprotectivedevice,used in anelectriccircuit,containingaconductorthatmelts underheatproducedbyan Apushorpullthatcancausechangemotion. A ceramiccompound,containingamixedoxideofiron andothermetals,thatisoften(butnotalways)magnetic. Theabilitytodowork. Amaterial/metalthatcontainsironandisoften(butnotalways)magnetic. Negatively charged particles surroundingthenucleusofanatom. Negativelychargedparticles Abuild-upofenergyorflowelectrons. Any instrument for measuring , usually by measuring the charge that flows through a coil when Anyinstrumentformeasuringmagneticflux,usually bymeasuringthechargethatflowsthroughacoilwhen Themagnetic,radiant,orelectricfluxperunitofcross-sectional area. Asimpledevicecapable of detectingelectricalflow. The galvanometer alsohasabuilt-incompass A characteristic or property of materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and iron alloys that are attracted to ofmaterialssuchasiron,cobalt, nickel, andironalloysthatareattractedto Acharacteristicorproperty A type of magnet whose is created by the flow of . The magnetic field Atypeofmagnetwhosemagneticfieldiscreatedbytheflowelectriccurrent.The A basic law of (called electromagnetic induction) discovered by 19th century Abasiclawofelectromagnetism(calledelectromagneticinduction)discoveredby19thcentury A pattern oflossenergysuchastheoscillationtwomagneticpendulums. Apattern Pliable,man-mademagnetsmadeofavinylmaterial mixedwithceramicmagnetpowder. An electromagnetic coil is an such as a wire in the shape of a coil, spiral Anelectromagneticcoilisanelectricalconductorsuchasawireintheshapeofcoil,spiral Asituationwhereforcesareinbalanceatthemidpointofmotion. A combination of alternating electric and magnetic fields. electricandmagneticfields. Acombinationofalternating A signal-actuated switching device that typically is in the form of a multi-turn coil wound on coilwoundon ofamulti-turn Asignal-actuatedswitchingdevicethattypicallyisintheform The method by which a current may be made to flow due to a changing magnetic field. Themethodbywhichacurrentmaybemadetoflowduechangingmagneticfield. ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). A wave produced by the acceleration of an electric charge and propagated by the Awaveproducedbytheaccelerationofanelectricchargeandpropagated red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M

3 glossary 4 : coercivity, meaningtheyareeasilysusceptibletostray fields,likeAlnico. metalbeingattractedtothemagnet. Mostmagnetsdonotneedakeeper-justthose withlow as theystopexternal the strengthofthemagnetbycompletingmagneticcircuit.Keepersalsohaveausefulsafetyfunction help preserve keeper: isotropic: magneticfields. temperature cyclesorbyexternal demagnetizationinducedby re-magnetization. Magnetscanbestabilizedagainst irreversiblelossesbypartial magneticfields.Despitethe‘irreversible’name,suchlossesarerecoverablethrough temperatures, andtoexternal irreversible losses: or othermaterials. iron alloy: means, viaionization. the atomormoleculeanetpositivenegativeelectricalcharge.Ionscanbecreated,byeitherchemical orphysical : demagnetizing forcewhichreducestheintrinsicinduction,Bi,inmaterialtozeroaftermagnetizingsaturation. intrinsic coerciveforce(HCI): shock ortopreventanelectricalfire. insulation/: induction: magnet. touching itorbringingnearthepoleofapermanent induced magnetism: definite limitsofeithermagnetizingforce,H,ormagneticinduction,B. for ordinatesandmagnetizingforce,H,abscissawhenthematerialispassingthroughacompletecycle between obtained foramaterialbyplotting(usuallytorectangularcoordinates)correspondingvaluesofmagneticinduction,B, hysteresis loop: hysteresis: hypothesis: maximum change. : grade: gilbert: generator: gaussmeter: : An atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving Anatomoramoleculeinwhichthetotalnumberofelectronsisnotequaltoprotons, giving A short, strippedsectionofwirecoming fromanelectricaldevice. Ashort, (B):Aunitofmagneticfluxdensityequalto1. Anassignedrating,basedonstrength,formagneticmaterial. Aunitofmagnetomotiveforce. A ferromagnetic bar made from soft iron or which is placed across the poles of a permanent magnet to magnetto Aferromagneticbarmadefromsoftironorsteelwhich isplacedacrossthepolesofapermanent Therateofchangeondistanceavariablequantity, suchastemperatureorpressure,inthedirectionof A magnet without a preferred direction of magnetization. Amagnetwithoutapreferreddirectionofmagnetization. Theprocessbywhichacurrentcanbeinducedtoflowduechangingmagneticfield. Ametalcompoundmademostlyofironmixedwithmaterialssuchassteel(),chromium,nickel, and/ Inaferromagneticmaterial;thelaginresponseofmagneticinductiontochangesintensity. Arotatingmachineproducingelectricity. A proposal or tentative guess that often serves as a basis for further investigation. asabasisforfurther Aproposalortentativeguessthatoftenserves Amagnetometerthatmeasurestheintensityofamagneticfield,calibratedingauss. Themagneticfluxgeneratedwhilethemagnetizingforceischanged.Specifically, thisisaclosedcurve Partial demagnetization caused by any number of factors, from exposure to high and low demagnetization causedbyanynumberoffactors,fromexposuretohighandlow Partial The process of transforming a piece of unmagnetized magnetic material into magnetic material by apieceofunmagnetizedmagneticmaterialinto materialby Theprocessoftransforming Materialsuchasplastic,glassorporcelainthatdoesnoteasilyconductelectricity. Usedtoshield A term tomeasureamagneticmaterial’sA term abilitytoresistdemagnetization.Itisequalthe ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M glossary radiowavesto create detailedimagesofthebody’s organsandtissues. Magnetic ResonanceImaging (MRI): other, oppositepolesattract. magnets,likepolesrepeleach planes.Ondifferent which refertohowsuspendedmagnetsorientalong north-south magnetic poles: Magnetic PolemovesovertimeduetomagneticchangesintheEarth’sThe North core. Pole. point straightdown).Thereisonlyonelocationwhere thisoccurs,near(butdistinctfrom)theGeographicNorth downwards(inotherwords,if amagneticcompassneedleisallowedtorotateabouthorizontalaxis,itwill vertically magnetic north: : the magneticfield’s point. ataparticular strengthatagivenpointandthetangentofanycurve magnetic linesofforce: (such asaconductingcoil). magnetic flux/fluxdensity: magnetic field: repelling orattractingeachother. : grouped andaligned. magnetic domains: readingthatisindicatedbyacompass. map andthenorth : ferromagnetic materialslikeiron,althoughtheremaybeairgapsorotherinthepath. magnetsorelectromagnetsandconfinedtothe pathby is usuallygeneratedbypermanent magnetic circuit: themagnetfrommechanicalstressandincreasingmagnet’snon-magnet material,therebybuffering strength. magnetic assembly: magnetic: magnet: : applied toitsterminals. emittingdiode(LED): : descentHeinrichLenzin1834. German be suchthatitwillcreateafieldopposesthechangeproducedit.NamedafterRussianphysicistofBaltic Lenz’s Law: An object that attracts other objects made of certain (iron,steel,nickel,andcobalt). Anobjectthatattractsotherobjectsmadeofcertain Theprocessofrising,lifting,orsuspendinganobjectinmidair. The capability to be attracted by a magnet or to acquire the properties ofamagnet. Thecapabilitytobeattractedbyamagnetoracquiretheproperties Naturallyoccurringmagneticironorehavingpolarity, suchasmagnetite. The law that states that the direction of current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field will Thelawthatstatesthedirectionofcurrentinducedinaconductorbychangingmagneticfieldwill An invisible area around a magnet in which (push and pull) are exerted onferromagneticmaterial. An invisibleareaaroundamagnetinwhichforces(push andpull)areexerted Thepointswhereamagnet’s and“south”designations, strengthisconcentratedincluding“north” The point on the surface ofEarth’s Thepointonthesurface Hemisphereatwhichtheplanet’s Northern magneticfieldpoints A Magnetic energy is the energy within a magnetic field. This energy results in various metals either Magneticenergyisthewithinamagneticfield.Thisresultsinvariousmetalseither Aconceptrepresentingindividualatomsormolecules behavingliketinymagnets. Areas (almost like mini magnets) within a material in which the magnetic fields of are Areas(almostlikeminimagnets)withinamaterialinwhichthemagneticfieldsofatomsare An assembled device, often designed for a specific application, that combines magnet alloy and Anassembleddevice,oftendesignedforaspecificapplication,thatcombinesmagnetalloyand magnetic circuit The difference (measured as an angle, which varies from place to place) between true north on a ona (measuredasanangle,whichvariesfromplace toplace)betweentruenorth Thedifference Curved lines used to represent a magnetic field, drawn such that the number of lines relates to linesusedtorepresentamagneticfield,drawnsuchthatthenumberofrelates Curved A semiconductor employing unidirectional conduction and which emits light when voltage is Asemiconductoremployingunidirectionalconductionandwhichemitslightwhenvoltageis The number of magnetic field lines (magnetic flux density) passing through a closed surface Thenumberofmagneticfieldlines(magneticfluxdensity)passingthroughaclosedsurface ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). ismadeupofoneormoreclosedlooppathscontaininga Amedicalimagingtechnique thatutilizeslarge,tube-shapedmagnetsandhigh- red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M magnetic magnetic cores consisting of coresconsistingof flux. The flux flux.Theflux

5 glossary 6 open switch: material. flux pathofhighpermeability magnetized magnetwhen itisfreefromanyexternal open circuit: percentimeteroffluxpath. magnetomotive forceofonegilbert a electromagnetism, anOerstedistheunitofmagnetic fieldstrengthinthecgssystem.Oneoerstedequals (H): nucleus: pole: north nonpermeable: a proton. : is oftencombinedwithironandboronforthispurpose). : byhumans(forexample, lodestone/). alteredartificially magnets) withouthavingtheirproperties natural magnet: compass needle). motor: motion: energy productforamagnetmaterial. megagauss- (MGOe): : temperature. significant long-rangeinstabilityorstructuralchanges.Alsoknownasmaximumservice maximum operatingtemperature: magnet. of apermanent maximum energyproduct(BHmax): field, controlsthemotionofchargedparticles. : the processofmakingamaterialmagnetic(eithertemporarilyorpermanently). magnetization: magnetite: magnetic fields. magnetically coupled: slowlyduetothevacuumpermeability.)very magnetization ofthematerialfurther, (Itcontinuestoincrease sothetotalmagneticfluxdensityBessentiallylevelsoff. magnetic : A device that converts the movement of electrons (electricity) into the movement of the other objects (such as a themovementofelectrons(electricity)into themovementofotherobjects(suchasa Adevicethatconverts Movement,changeinposition. The positively chargedcentralcoreofanatom,consistingprotonsandneutronscontainingnearlyall itsmass. A subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of symbolnorn0,withnonetelectriccharge andamassslightlylargerthanthatof Asubatomicparticle, UnitofmagneticfluxintheC.G.S.electromagneticsystem.Onemaxwellisonelineflux. Ablackigneous,iron-containingmineralwithmagneticproperties. Amagnet’s Pole. polethatisattractedtothegeographicNorth A unit of measure for magnetizing force. Named for the scientist heralded as the father of Aunitofmeasureformagnetizingforce.Named thescientistheraldedasfatherof Aninterruptedelectrical circuit inwhichcurrentdoesnotflow.a Thisisaconditionthat existsin A metallic, rare earth element (symbol Nd) that is the most powerful permanent magnet in the world (and magnetintheworld(and permanent element(symbolNd)thatisthemostpowerful Ametallic,rareearth Position ofaswitchwherebyelectricity doesnotflow. Thecircuit is openorbrokenandcannotconductcurrent. The property/characteristic of being magnetic, the degree to which an object has been magnetized, or ofbeingmagnetic,thedegreetowhichanobjecthasbeenmagnetized,or Theproperty/characteristic A material that has the same magnetic permeability asthatoffreespace(nomagnetization). Amaterialthathasthesamemagneticpermeability Minerals or metals that occur naturally in the Earth and create a stable magnetic field (permanent andcreateastablemagneticfield(permanent MineralsormetalsthatoccurnaturallyintheEarth Theregionsurroundingaplanetinwhichtheplanet’s magneticfield,ratherthanasolar The state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magneticfieldHcannotincreasethe Thestatereachedwhenanincreaseinappliedexternal The occurrence when one object affects the motion of another object, such as with swinging themotionofanotherobject,suchaswithswinging Theoccurrencewhenoneobjectaffects ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). Mega (million) Gauss Oersteds is the unit of measure used in stating the maximum Mega(million)GaussOerstedsistheunitofmeasureusedinstatingmaximum The continuous temperature to which the magnet may be exposed with no Thecontinuoustemperaturetowhichthemagnetmaybeexposedwithno The quality index representing both the saturation magnetization and coercivity Thequalityindexrepresentingboththesaturationmagnetizationandcoercivity red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M

glossary repel/repulsion: remains inamagneticcircuit. /remnant induction: reach out: rare earth: pull test: slightly lessthanthatofaneutron. proton: power: the magneticfieldproducedbyamagnet.Apolepieceattachestoandextendsofmagnet, hence thename. : or south-south)repel.Twolike poles(north-north attract. oppositepoles(north-south) pole: poleofamagneticcompass. Poleofamagnetwillrepelthenorth-seeking Pole. Therefore,theNorth polarity ofamagnetizedmagnet: : oroperatingslope. shear line,loadunitpermeance, coefficientandtherefore agreaterBd.Alsoreferredtoasthe area, thelongeroftwowillhaveagreaterpermeance Consideringtwomagnetsofidenticalmaterialgradeandpolesurface demagnetizationcurve. magnet onthenormal theoperatingpoint(Bd,Hd)of coefficientistodetermine purposeofcalculatingthepermeance circuit. Theprimary coefficientiscalculatedusingthegeometricparameters ofthemagnetormagnetic negative Bd/Hd.Thepermeance coefficient(Pc): permeameter: permeability: temperatures. magnet: permanent pendulum: Asuspendedmassthatcanfreelyswingundertheinfluenceofgravity. paramagnetic: totheinitialposition. movementthatoccursbeforeareturn and-forth rate: oscillation: oriented (anisotropic)magnet: unoriented orisotropicmagnets,canbemagnetizedinanydirection. oriented oranisotropicmagnets)shouldbemagnetizedtoachievemaximummagnetism.Othermagnets,called orientation direction: The parts of a magnet that have magnetic strength. There are two poles to every magnet--north andsouth.Two magnet--north ofamagnetthathavemagneticstrength.Thereare twopolestoevery Theparts Theamountofenergyproducedorconsumedperunit time. A subatomic particle, symbol p or p+, with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass chargeandamass symbolporp+,withapositiveelectricchargeof+1eelementary Asubatomicparticle, A quantum (small particle) ofelectromagneticradiationorlight. Aquantum(smallparticle) A common, reliable method for determining thestrengthor breakawayforceofamagnet. Acommon,reliablemethodfordetermining Thedistanceamagneticfieldextendsfromthesource ofthemagnetism. A regular back-and-forth movement. Aregularback-and-forth A term used to describe high-energy magnet material, including neodymium and cobalt. usedtodescribehigh-energy magnetmaterial,includingneodymiumandsamariumcobalt. Aterm A structure composed of material of high magnetic permeability (traditionally soft iron) that serves to direct todirect (traditionallysoft iron)thatserves Astructurecomposedofmaterialhighmagneticpermeability Amaterial’s abilitytocreatemagneticfieldswithin itself. An instrument that measures magnetic permeability (amaterial’sAn instrumentthatmeasuresmagneticpermeability magneticfields). abilitytocreateinternal Materialsthatarenotattractedtomagneticfields(i.e.plastic,wood,oraluminum). Ameasurement(timeorsimplyacountofthenumberoscillations)onecompletecycleback- Pushaway. Amagnetalloythatholdsitsmagnetismpermanently, unlessitisexposedtoextremelyhigh Also known as “easy axis” or just “axis,” the preferred direction in which some magnets (called Alsoknownas“easyaxis”orjust“axis,”thepreferreddirectioninwhichsomemagnets(called A straight line passing through the origin of the demagnetization curve with a slope of withaslopeof Astraightlinepassingthroughtheoriginofdemagnetizationcurve ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). Thepreferredandonlydirectionofmagnetizationforisotropicmagnets. Afteranappliedmagnetizing forceisremoved,themagneticinductionthatstays/ The North Pole of a magnet is that pole which is attracted to the geographic North Poleofamagnetisthatpolewhichattractedtothe geographicNorth TheNorth red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M

7 glossary 8 : James Watt (1736–1819). watts: voltmeter: . potential thatiscapableofdrivingoneamperecurrent againstoneohmofresistance.)NamedforItalianphysicist : vibration: unoriented (isotropic)material: north: true transformer: : example, anail). magnet: temporary temperature iscycledtoitsoriginalpoint. whenthe spontaneouslyreturns changes, expressedasthe%changeperunitoftemperature.Themagneticproperty temperature coefficient: attraction ofdustorhair. : upwards. vertically south pole: electricalenergyintomechanicalenergy. isusedtoconvert solenoid: samarium cobalt,andferritemagnetsareproducedinthismanner. pulverized intoafinepowder, compacted,andthen heatedtobecomedense—formakingmagnets.Neodymium, sintered: series circuit: series: Batteriesconnectedsothatthepositiveendofonetouchesnegativenextinline. has anapproximateenergyproductrangeof18-33MGOeandexhibitsbettertemperaturestabilitythanNeodymium. samarium cobalt: magnetic fieldisremoved.Alsothemeasureofthatmagnetization. residual magnetism: material afterfullmagnetizationinaclosedcircuit.Sometimesreferredtoasfluxdensity.Can bemeasuredingaussor Tesla. residual inductionBr(orfluxdensity): A unit of measure for electrical potential, electrical potential difference, and electromotive force. (The difference of of andelectromotiveforce.(Thedifference Aunitofmeasureforelectricalpotential, potential difference, Aunitofmeasurementformagneticinduction(fluxdensity).1 Tesla =10,000Gauss. A derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), (symbol: W). Named after the Scottish engineer SystemofUnits(SI),(symbol:W).NamedaftertheScottishengineer AderivedunitofpowerintheInternational Thepracticalunitofmeasure fortotalmagneticflux. A term describing the most common method ()—in which a mixture of materials is describingthemostcommonmethod(powdermetallurgy)—inwhichamixtureofmaterialsis Aterm Commonly formed inacylinder, Commonlyformed A currentflowingthroughasinglecoilofwireproducesanelectromagnet. Anoscillatingmovement,suchaswithapendulum limited bytwoextremepositions. Atoolthatmeasurestheelectricalpressurepushes electronsthroughwires. North accordingtotheEarth’s North axis,notmagneticnorth. ThewanderingpointontheEarth’s Hemispherewherethegeomagneticfieldlines aredirected Southern Aninstrumentthatcanincreaseordecrease(change)anelectriccurrent. A closed(uninterrupted)electricalcircuitwithcurrentfollowing inonlyonepath(withnobranchingofthepath). A stationary electric charge, typically produced by friction, that causes sparks or crackling or the electriccharge,typicallyproducedbyfriction,thatcausessparksorcracklingthe Astationary A class of rare earth material that is available in both sintered and bonded forms. Samarium Cobalt SamariumCobalt materialthatisavailableinbothsinteredandbondedforms. Aclassofrareearth A magnet that is made of a material that does not allow it to hold its magnetism permanently (for (for Amagnetthatismadeofamaterialdoesnotallowittoholditsmagnetismpermanently The magnetization left behind in a ferromagnetic material (such as iron) after an external Themagnetizationleftbehindinaferromagneticmaterial(suchasiron)afteranexternal The factor that describes the reversible changes in magnetic properties due to temperature duetotemperature Thefactorthatdescribesthereversiblechangesinmagneticproperties ©2016, Dowling Magnets, Elmhurst, IL. grantedtocopy Permission for use(but educational notfor profit). Anisotropicmagnetwithoutapreferreddirectionofmagnetization. The magnetic induction corresponding to zero magnetic force in a magnetic The magneticinductioncorrespondingtozeroforceina red:pms 485-process 95Y, 100M glossary