Course Guide

PHIL10049: Ancient of 2017/18

Course Organiser: Professor Dory Scaltsas ([email protected]) Office Location: Dugald Stewart Building room 6.03 Telephone: 0131 650 3649

Course Secretary: Ann-Marie Cowe ([email protected])

Contents 1. (Course) Aims and Objectives 2. Course Description 3. Intended Learning Outcomes 4. Seminar Content 5. Readings 6. Assessment

1. Course Aims and Objectives

The course examine different ancient theories of existence. We discuss some Presocratic approaches to the problem of ; 's of Forms; and 's theory of substance.

2. Course description

The topics discussed in this course include the of ontological ; causes and causation; substances - their criteria; ; , form; unity of particulars.

3. Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course, students should have acquired an understanding of some major issues in ancient theories of existence; an understanding of how these issues relate to continuing debates; and an ability to read closely, analyse and criticise ancient philosophical texts. They should also have further developed written skills, and the ability to take part in group discussion and defend .

4. Seminar Content

Week 1. Thales; Waterfield, The First , ‘The Milesians: Thales of , Anaximander of Miletus, Anaximenes of Militus’.

Week 2. Anaximenes Waterfield, The First Philosophers, ‘The Milesians: , Anaximander of Miletus, Anaximenes of Militus’.

Week 3. Heracleitus and 1; Waterfield, The First Philosophers, ‘Heracleitus’; ‘Parmenides of Elea’;

Week 4. Parmenides 2 (); ; Waterfield, The First Philosophers, ‘Zeno of Elea’; ‘Empedocles of Acragas’

Week 5. ; Waterfield, The First Philosophers, ‘The Atomists: of Abdera; of Abdera’; ‘Anaxagoras of Clazomenae’

Week 6. Anaxagoras ‘Anaxagoras of Clazomenae’

Week 7. – Plato: ; Theory of Recollection; and Plato, 477a-478e; 507b; 596a

Week 8. Plato: Further Arguments for the ; of the Theory of Forms; Criticisms of the Theory of Forms Plato, 74-76; 79a; 79d; 80a-b; 100c; Plato, Parmenides 130-134

Week 9. Plato: Criticisms of the Theory of Forms; Aristotle: Categories Aristotle, Categories Chapters 1-5

Week 10. Aristotle on Change and the 4 Causes Aristotle, Book I, Chapters 2, 7, 8. Physics Book II Ch. 3

Week 11. Aristotle - Substance, Substratum, Change Aristotle, Book V Ch. 2; Book VII Ch. 17.

5. Readings

The primary readings are the metaphysical works of the philosophers under examination in the course, which are available in:

Waterfield, R., 2000, The First Philosophers, Oxford: . Cooper (ed.), Plato: Complete Works, Hacket, 1997. Barnes (ed.), The Complete Works of Aristotle, Princeton University Press 1984. A. A. Long, D. N. Sedley, The Hellenistic Philosophers, Vol. 1: of the Principal Sources, with Philosophical Commentary, Cambridge University Press.

http://pm.nlx.com.ezproxy.webfeat.lib.ed.ac.uk/xtf/view;jsessionid=7FDAC6468CFDB6AD4E424F6CD5A A07F4?docId=plato/plato.00.xml;chunk.id=div.plato.pmpreface.1;toc.depth=1;toc.id=div.plato.pmpreface. 1;=default http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/searchresults?q=plato http://plato-dialogues.org/links.htm http://pm.nlx.com.ezproxy.webfeat.lib.ed.ac.uk/xtf/view?docId=aristotle/aristotle.00.xml;chunk.id=div.arist otle.pmpreface.1;toc.depth=1;toc.id=div.aristotle.pmpreface.1;brand=default http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/index-Aristotle.html http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/searchresults?q=aristotle http://archive.org/details/worksofaristotle512aris http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Aristotle http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0052%3Abook%3D7%3Ase ction%3D1041b

Useful Discussion of the ancient metaphysical themes: Adamson History of Philosophy: http://www.historyofphilosophy.net/home

Further reading on the Presocratics from the following: General: Barnes, J., 1982, The Presocratic Philosophers, 2nd edition, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Caston, V. and D. Graham (eds.), 2002, Presocratic Philosophy: Essays in Honor of A. P. D. Mourelatos, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Co. Curd, P. and D. H. Graham (eds.), 2008, The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy, New York: Oxford University Press. Guthrie, W. K. C., 1962, 1965, 1969, A Philosophy, Vols. I, II, and III Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965. Kirk, G. S., J. E. Raven, and M. Schofield, 1983, The Presocratic Philosophers, (Second Edition), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McKirachan R., Philosophy Before Socrates, 1994, Hackett Publishing Co. Osborne C., Presocratic Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press Warren, J., 2007, Presocratics, Tedington: Acumen. Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/presocratics/

More specific: Brunschwig, J. and G.E.R. Lloyd, 2000, Greek : A Guide to Classical Knowledge, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of . Curd, P., 2004, The Legacy of Parmenides: Eleatic and Later Presocratic Thought, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998, rev. edn. Las Vegas: Parmenides Press. Furley, D., 1967, Two Studies in the Greek Atomists, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Furley, D., 1987, The Greek Cosmologists, Vol. I: The Formation of the and its Earliest Critics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lee, Mi-Kyoung, 2005, after . Responses to in Plato, Aristotle, and Democritus, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Long, A. A. (ed.), 1999, The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mourelatos, A. P. D., 2008, The Route of Parmenides, Las Vegas: Parmenides Publishing; revised and expanded edition of 1971, New Haven: Yale University Press. Palmer, J., 2009, Parmenides and Presocratic Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Schofield, M., 1980, An Essay on Anaxagoras, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sedley, D., 2007, Creationism and its Critics in Antiquity, Berkeley: University of California Press. Sorabji, R., 1988, Matter, , and : Theories in Antiquity and their Sequel, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Stokes, M., 1971, One and Many in Presocratic Philosophy, Washington, DC: The Center for . Trépanier, S., 2004, Empedocles: An Interpretation, New York: Routledge. Vlastos, G, 1995, Studies in Greek Philosophy, Vol. I: The Presocratics, D. W. Graham (ed.), Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Further reading on Plato from the following: General: Fine, G. , (ed.), 2008, Oxford Handbook of Plato, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kraut, R., The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge University Press. Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato- metaphysics/

More specific: Annas, J., 1981, An Introduction to Plato's Republic, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fine, G., 1993, On , Oxford: Clarendon Press. Gallop, D., 1975, Plato's Phaedo, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Malcolm, J., 1991, Plato on the Self of Forms, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mccabe, M., 1994, Plato's Individuals, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ross, W.D. 1951, Plato's Theory of Ideas, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Silverman, A., 2002, The of , Princeton: Princeton University Press Vlastos, G. 1981, Platonic Studies, 2nd edition, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Archelogos -Base on Plato: http://archelogos.com/xml/platoindex.htm

Further reading on Aristotle from the following: General: Anagnostopoulos, G. (ed.), 2009, A Companion to Aristotle, Chichester: Wiley- Blackwell. Bambrough, R. (ed.), 1965, New Essays on Plato and Aristotle, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Barnes J., M. Schofield, and R. R. K. Sorabji (eds.), 1979, Articles on Aristotle, Vol 3. Metaphysics, London: Duckworth. Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy:

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-categories/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-causality/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-natphil/

More specific: Bostock, D., 1994, Aristotle: Metaphysics Books Ζ and Η, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Charles, David, Aristotle on and Essence, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Frede, Michael, 1987, Essays in , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Furth, Montgomery, Substance, Form and : an Aristotelian Metaphysics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gill, Mary Louise, 1989, Aristotle on Substance: The of Unity, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Graham, D., Aristotle's Two Systems, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Loux, Michael J., Primary : An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Ζ and Η, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Scaltsas, T., 1994, Substances and Universals in Aristotle's Metaphysics, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Scaltsas, T., D. Charles, and M. L. Gill (eds.), 1994, Unity, Identity, and Explanation in Aristotle's Metaphysics, Oxford: Oxford University Press. S. Waterlow, , Change, and Agency in Aristotle’s Physics, Oxford University Press, 1982. Wedin, Michael V., 2000, Aristotle's Theory of Substance: The Categories and Metaphysics Zeta, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Witt, Charlotte, 1989, Substance and Essence in Aristotle: an Interpretation of Metaphysics VII-IX, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Archelogos Argument-Base on Aristotle: http://archelogos.com/xml/aristotleindex.htm

6. Assessment Information

Assessment will be by 2-hour examination in the May diet (100%).