8-4 Asssessment

8-4.1 ______8. (8-4.1) Which of the following is always 1. (8-4.1) Which bodies are composed primarily of closer to the than it is to ? rock and metal? a. a. and meteors b. b. and asteroids c. c. comets and d. d. stars and meteors 9. (8-4.1) Which of the following drawings below 2. (8-4.1) The planets close to the sun are… best represents the motion of a and its a. large and gaseous. around the Sun? Correct Answer: C b. large and rocky. c. small and gaseous. d. small and rocky.

3. (8-4.1) The motion of Earth is responsible for several celestial events. Which of the following events is caused by Earth revolving around the sun? a. the days in a year b. the in a c. the changes in the of Earth 10. (8-4.1)The diagram on the d. the position of the in right is a picture of a ______space a. b. 4. The objects people refer to as shooting stars c. are often meteors burning up in Earth’s d. atmosphere. If a meteor does not burn up but strikes Earth, it is called ____. 11. (8-4.1) Which statement is true of both a. An asteroid asteroids and ? b. A meteorite a. They are made of frozen gases and c. A meteoroid dust. d. A b. They are rocky objects that vary widely in size and orbit the Sun. 5. Name the planets in order starting with the c. They are pieces of debris that orbit the one closet to the sun. Earth. d. Most of them are grouped together in a 6. The lies between ____. belt between the Earth and the Moon. a. Mars and 12. (8-4.1) Which of the following planets will have b. Jupiter and the colder ? c. Venus and Mars a. Jupiter d. Mars and Jupiter b. Mars c. Mercury 7. Complete the chart explaining at least 4 d. Uranus differences between inner and outer planets. 13. (8-4.1) Which of the following planets will have Inner Planets Outer Planets the greatest gravitational pull? a. Jupiter b. Venus c. Earth

d.

8-4.2: ______Use the diagram to answer #14-15. 8-4.3: ______

20. (8-4.3) The feature of the Earth that protects the planet from Solar is the atmosphere and the ______. a. Borealis b. c. O-Zone Layer d.

14. (8-4.2) The is labeled with the 21. (8-4.3) are areas of the sun that number… produce a magnetic field 2500 times the

a. 2 strength of the magnetic field produced by

b. 3 Earth. When sunspots are at their maximum,

c. 4 which of these would be MOST affected on

d. 5 Earth?

15. (8-4.2) The Corona is labeled with the number… a. earth's rotation

e. 2 b. electronics

f. 3 c. gravity

g. 4 d. temperature

h. 5

16. (8-4.2) The Sun surface feature responsible for 22. The ______sends out electrically charged the we see on Earth is labeled with particles, called . number… a.

a. 1 b. Corona

b. 3 c. Solar Flares

c. 4 d.

d. 5

17. (8-4.2) The photo shows a 23. They are near the poles and can form when bright, looping projection charged particles cause gases in the which extends from the atmosphere to glow. surface of the sun. Some a. Solar Flares of these can last for b. Solar Wind several months. This c. projection is called the d. Magnetic

a. corona.

b. photosphere. 24. ______often disrupt radio, telephone,

c. solar prominence. and television signals.

d. solar flares. a. Solar Flares

18. The outer region of the Sun’s ______stretches b. Solar Wind far into space. c. Auroras a. d. Magnetic Storms b. Photosphere c. Corona d. Core

19. _____ are explosions of hot gas that occur when prominences connect. They shoot from the Sun’s surface releasing tremendous amounts of energy into space. e. corona. f. photosphere. g. solar prominence.

h. solar flares.

8-4.4: ______28. (8-4.4) Which of the following pictures shows the appearance of the Moon when a lunar 25. (8-4.4) Which statement best explains the cause occurs? Correct Answer: C of the phases of the moon? a. The sun hides part of the surface of the moon. b. The sun, the moon, and Earth are in a straight line in space.

c. Only part of the illuminated moon is

visible from Earth. Use the diagram to answer #23. d. Only the light from the back side of the

sun is reflected by the moon.

Use the diagram to answer #20-21.

29. (8-4.4) Which location of the moon relative to the sun and earth may produce a ? a. A b. B c. C d. D The diagram below shows a polar projection of Earth and four positions of the Moon.

26. (8-4.4) As seen from Earth, at which position would the moon appear to be a Gibbous? a. Position A b. Position B c. Position D

d. Position E 30. (8-4.4) The higher high tides and lower low tides are called spring tides. 27. Use the diagram to name and illustrate the Which positions of the Moon produce spring moon phases. Make sure you label them as tides in Earth’s oceans? well (A-H).

a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 4 d. 3 and 4

31. Give the alignment for the solar and lunar eclipse and tell what moon phase each eclipse deals with.

32. Complete the following chart. 8-4.5: ______Rotation Revolution Earth 39. (8-4.5) Dave read that on January 1, Earth is slightly closer to the sun than on July 1. Why, Moon then, is it colder in Illinois in January than in July? a. The greenhouse effect is stronger in the 33. Complete the following chart. Northern Hemisphere in July. Moon Phase Moon Phase b. The moon pulls the heat away from Spring Tides Earth in January. c. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted Neap Tides away from the sun in January. d. The snow on the ground lowers the air temperature in January. 34. (8-4.4) The Sun rises in the ______and sets in the ______. a. West, east Position C b. East, west c. North, south d. South north Position B 35. (8-4.4) The Earth rotates counterclockwise from ______to ______. Position D a. West, east b. East, west c. North, south Position C d. South north Position A 36. When the Sun and the Moon are aligned the high tides are higher and the low tides are lower; these are called ______tides. When the Sun and the Moon are at right angles to each other, the high and low tides, there is 40. (8-4.5) The Fall Equinox is represented by… the least difference in the tidal range at the a. Position A shore; these tides are called ______tides. b. Position B a. Low, high c. Position C b. Neap, spring d. Position D c. Spring, neap 41. (8-4.5) The Position of the Earth when the days d. High, low are the shortest is… 37. (8-4.4) A student observed the Moon on a a. Position A Tuesday. She drew a picture of its shape in her b. Position B journal, as shown below. Approximately how c. Position C long will the student have to wait before she d. Position D can see the Moon with this same shape and 42. Summer occurs on the hemisphere of Earth that position again? is ___. a. 7 days a. Turned away from the Sun b. 14 days b. Tilted toward the Sun c. 28 days c. Titled away from the sun d. 365 days d. Turned toward the sun 38. (8-4.4) Planets ______on their axis 43. What is the difference between solstice and and ______around the Sun. equinox? a. Revolve, Orbit b. Revolve, Rotate 44. What seasons go along with solstice and c. Rotate, Revolve equinox? d. Spin, Rotate 8-4.6: ______8-4.7: ______45. The size of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their ____. 51. (8-4.7) The Sun’s gravity and a planet’s inertia a. Frictional forces a. Allows the planets to continually b. Inertia rotate c. Speed and direction b. Creates the high and low tides d. and the distance between c. Forces the planets to move in an ellipse them d. Propels meteoroids in the 46. Which object has greater gravitational effect on Earth’s tides? 52. The gravitational pull of the Moon has a greater a. The moon effect than the gravitational pull of the Sun on b. The sun Earth’s tides. This is because ______. c. Venus a. The sun is closer to Earth d. The b. The Moon is closer to Earth c. The Sun is larger than the Moon 47. What kind of force has the most influence in d. Earth is larger than the Moon causing iron and nickel to form the core of Earth? 53. (8-4.7) Besides the sun’s gravitational a. attraction, what else keeps the planets in b. Volume motion. c. Gravity a. Gravity d. Inertia b. Force c. Inertia 48. The more massive the object, the stronger the d. gravitational force. Where would an elephant experience the greatest gravitational force? 54. (8-4.7) When the Earth, Sun, and Moon are a. On Earth perpendicular… b. On Jupiter a. A lunar eclipse occurs c. On the Sun b. A neap tide occurs d. On the Moon c. A spring tide occurs d. A solar eclipse occurs 49. A planet is discovered that is the same size as Earth, but the planet has twice the mass of 55. (8-4.7) During a Spring Tide, the high tides are Earth. How would that affect the gravitational ______and the low tides are pull that planet would have on you? ______. a. It would be the same a. Higher, Higher b. It would be less b. Higher, Lower c. It would be more c. Lower, Higher d. It would be half d. Lower, Lower

50. The force that keeps the planets in an elliptical 56. (8-4.7) Which phenomena occur as a result of orbit around the Sun is the ____. the gravitational attraction between the moon a. Balanced force between each planet and Earth? b. Elliptical orbit of each planet a. c. Gravitational pull of the Sun b. ocean tides d. Magnetic attraction between the c. phases of the moon planets d. seasonal changes

8-4.8: ______8-4.9: ______

57. If an astronaut could on Jupiter, her _____ 63. (8-4.9) A light year is classified as a… would increase. a. The distance at which light is no longer a. Mass seen b. Speed b. The distance light travels in one Earth c. year d. Matter c. The time it takes the Sun’s light to reach 58. Which has the greatest mass? Earth a. Pillow d. The time it takes light to travel to b. Orange another c. Beach ball d. Bowling ball 64. (8-4.9) The classification of the galaxy in the picture is a… 59. The mass of an object is the measure of how a. Elliptical Galaxy much _____ it contains. b. Irregular Galaxy a. Force c. Spherical Galaxy b. Matter d. Spiral Galaxy c. Gravity d. Motion 65. (8-4.1/4.9) Which of the following correctly lists 60. When you stand on a scale, the scale is the structures in space from smallest to largest? measuring _____. a. star, galaxy, solar system, a. The amount of matter in your body b. star, solar system, galaxy, universe b. Your mass compared to Earth’s mass c. star, solar system, universe, galaxy c. The force of attraction between you d. star, universe, solar system, galaxy and Earth d. Whether the forces between your body 66. (8-4.9) The classification of the galaxy in the and Earth are balanced picture is a… 61. Kyle has a mass of 54 kg. If he were on a e. Elliptical Galaxy spaceship traveling far out into space, how f. Irregular Galaxy much would his mass be? g. Spherical Galaxy a. 54 kg h. Spiral Galaxy b. 5.4 g c. 0.54 kg d. 0 kg 67. In which galaxy do we live? 62. An object’s weight depends on the force of a. Great Spiral galaxy gravity acting on the object. The stronger the b. Andromeda galaxy gravitational force, the more an object will c. Galaxy weigh. Where on Earth would you weigh the d. galaxy least? a. At Death Valley below sea level 68. Galaxies are different from solar systems b. On a ship on the ocean because they are made up of _____. c. At the beach a. Billions of stars d. On a very high mountain b. Billions of planets c. planets d. Mostly gas

69. A galaxy is a collection of stars, gas, and ____. a. Dust b. Ice c. Liquid eater d. Wind currents

8-4.10: ______

70. (8-4.10) ______collect the light from distant stars and separate that light into bands of different colors. This allows astronomers identify the elements in a star and analyze how they are moving. a. Optical b. Space probes c. Spectroscopes d. Visible light telescopes

71. (8-4.10) The surface of Mars, the , water spewing from the , photographs of many of the other eight planets in the solar system: all valuable information collected by… a. manned space craft. b. satellite imaging. c. space probes. d. X-ray telescopes.

72. ______are placed in orbit around Earth with special instruments and telescopes that collect information from space which is sent back to Earth where it is interpreted. e. Optical telescopes f. Space probes g. Spectroscopes h. Satellite

73. ______receive radio emitted from objects in space, including waves from very distant stars and galaxies; it can receive information in any and during day or .

i. Optical telescopes j. Space probes k. Spectroscopes l. Radio

74. Refracting and reflecting ______collect visible light, then use convex lenses or mirrors to focus the light producing larger, brighter images of distant objects in space.

m. Optical telescopes n. Space probes o. Spectroscopes p. Radio telescope